themselues vnto the king, and to his sonne the lord Iohn that was there
present, and returned not to their armie. Wherevpon their troops scaled
and fled their waies: but being pursued, manie were taken, manie slaine,
and manie spoiled of that that they had about them, & so permitted to go
their waies. Howsoeuer the matter was handled, true it is that the
archbishop, and the earle marshall were brought to Pomfret to the king,
who in this meane while was aduanced thither with his power, [Sidenote:
The archbishop of Yorke, the earle marshall, & others put to death.] and
from thence he went to Yorke, whither the prisoners were also brought,
and there beheaded the morrow after Whitsundaie in a place without the
citie, that is to vnderstand, the archbishop himselfe, the earle
marshall, sir Iohn Lampleie, and sir Robert Plumpton. [Sidenote: _Abr.
Fl._ out of _Thom. Walsin._ _Hypod._ pag. 168.] ¶ Vnto all which persons
though indemnitie were promised, yet was the same to none of them at
anie hand performed. By the issue hereof, I meane the death of the
foresaid, but speciallie of the archbishop, the prophesie of a sickelie
canon of Bridlington in Yorkshire fell out to be true, who darklie
inough foretold this matter, [Sidenote *: _Archiepiscopus_.] & the
infortunate euent thereof in these words hereafter following, saieng:
Pacem tractabunt, sed fraudem subter arabunt,
Pro nulla marca, saluabitur ille* hierarcha.
[Sidenote: The archbishop reputed a martyr.] The archbishop suffered
death verie constantlie, insomuch as the common people tooke it he died
a martyr, affirming that certeine miracles were wrought as well in the
field where he was executed, as also in the place where he was buried:
and immediatlie vpon such bruits, both men and women began to worship
his dead carcasse, whom they loued so much, when he was aliue, till they
were forbidden by the kings fréends, and for feare gaue ouer to visit
the place of his sepulture. The earle marshalls bodie by the kings leaue
was buried in the cathedrall church, manie lamenting his destinie; but
his head was set on a pole aloft on the wals for a certeine space, till
by the kings permission [after the same had suffered manie a hot sunnie
daie, and manie a wet shower of raine] it was taken downe and buried
togither with the bodie.
After the king, accordinglie as séemed to him good, had ransomed and
punished by gréeuous fines the citizens of Yorke (which had borne armour
on their archbishops side against him) he departed frõ Yorke with an
armie of thirtie and seuen thousand fighting men, [Sidenote: The lords
executed.] furnished with all prouision necessarie, marching northwards
against the earle of Northumberland. At his cõming to Durham, the lord
Hastings, the lord Fauconbridge, sir Iohn Colleuill of the Dale, and sir
Iohn Griffith, being conuicted of the conspiracie, were there beheaded.
The earle of Northumberland, hearing that his counsell was bewraied, and
his confederats brought to confusion, through too much hast of the
archbishop of Yorke, with thrée hundred horsse got him to Berwike. The
king comming forward quickelie, wan the castell of Warkewoorth.
[Sidenote: The earle of Northumberland.] Wherevpon the earle of
Northumberland, not thinking himselfe in suertie at Berwike, fled with
the lord Berdolfe into Scotland, where they were receiued of Dauid lord
Fleming.
The king comming to Berwike, commanded them that kept the castell
against him to render it into his hands, and when they flatlie denied so
to doo, [Sidenote: Berwike castell yéelded to the king.] he caused a
péece of artillerie to be planted against one of the towers, and at the
first shot ouerthrowing part thereof, they within were put in such
feare, that they simplie yéelded themselues without any maner of
condition, wholie to remaine at the kings pleasure. [Sidenote: The sonne
of the lord Greistoke and others put to death. _Exton._] Herevpon the
chiefest of them, to wit, sir Willian Greistoke, sonne to Rafe baron of
Greistoke, sir Henrie Beinton, and Iohn Blenkinsop, with foure or fiue
other were put to death, and diuerse other were kept in prison. Some
write that the earle of Northumberland at his entring into Scotland,
deliuered the towne of Berwike vnto the Scots, who hearing of king
Henries approch, and despairing to defend the towne against him, set
fire on it and departed. There was not one house that was left vnburnt,
except the friers and the church.
After that the king had disposed things in such conuenient order as
stood with his pleasure at Berwike, [Sidenote: The castell of Alnewike
yéelded to the king.] he came backe, and had the castell of Alnewike
deliuered vnto him, with all other the castels that belonged to the erle
of Northumberland in the north parts, as Prodhow, Langlie, [Sidenote:
The K. passeth into wales.] Cockermouth, Aluham, and Newstéed. Thus
hauing quieted the north parts, he tooke his iournie directlie into
Wales, where he found fortune nothing fauourable vnto him, for all his
attempts had euill successe, [Sidenote: He looseth his cariages.] in
somuch that losing fiftie of his cariages through abundance of raine and
waters, [Sidenote: He returneth.] he returned; and comming to Worcester,
he sent for the archbishop of Canturburie, and other bishops, declaring
to them the misfortune that had chanced to him, in consideration whereof
he requested them to helpe him with some portion of monie, towards the
maintenance of his warres, for the taming of the presumptuous and
vnquiet Welshmen.
[Sidenote: _Hall._ The marshall Mõtmerãcie sent to aid Owen Glendouer.]
In the meane time, the French king had appointed one of the marshals of
France called Montmerancie, and the master of his crosbowes, with twelue
thousand men to saile into Wales to aid Owen Glendouer. They tooke
shipping at Brest, and hauing the wind prosperous, landed at Milford
hauen, with an hundred and fourtie ships, as Thomas Walsingham saith;
though Enguerant de Monstrellet maketh mention but of an hundred and
twentie. The most part of their horsses were lost by the waie for lacke
of fresh water. The lord Berkleie, and Henrie Paie, espieng their
aduantage, burnt fiftéene of those French ships, as they laie at road
there in the hauen of Milford: and shortlie after the same lord
Berkleie, and sir Thomas Swinborne, with the said Henrie Paie, tooke
other fourtéene ships, as they came that waie with prouision of vittels
and munition foorth of France to the aid of the other.
In the meane while the marshall Montmerancie, with his armie, [Sidenote:
Carmarden woone by the French.] besieged the towne of Carmarden, and wan
it by composition, granting to the men of warre that kept it against
him, licence to depart whither they would, & to take with them all their
mooueable goods: the castell of Penbroke they assaulted not, estéeming
it to be so well manned, [Sidenote: Hereford west manfullie defended.]
that they shuld but lose their labour in attempting it. Notwithstanding
they besieged the towne of Hereford west, which neuerthelesse was so
well defended by the earle of Arundell and his power, that they lost
more than they wan, [Sidenote: _Enguerant de Monstrellet_ saith they
burnt the townes but could not win the castell.] and so they departed
towards the towne of Denbigh, where they found Owen Glendouer abiding
for their comming, with ten thousand of his Welshmen. Here were the
Frenchmen ioifullie receiued of the Welsh rebels, [Sidenote: The suburbs
of worcester burnt.] and so when all things were prepared, they passed
by Glamorganshire towards Worcester, and there burnt the suburbes: but
hearing of the kings approch, they suddenlie returned towards Wales.
The king with a great puissance followed, and found them imbattelled on
a high mounteine, where there was a great vallie betwixt both the
armies, so that either armie might plainelie perceiue the other, and
either host looked to be assailed of his aduersarie, & therefore sought
to take the aduantage of ground. Thus they continued for the space of
eight daies from morning till night, readie to abide, but not to giue
battell. There were manie skirmishes, [Sidenote: French lords slaine.]
and diuerse proper feats of armes wrought in that meane while, in the
which the French lost manie of their nobles and gentlemen, as the lord
Patroullars de Tries, brother to the marshall of France, the lord
Matelonne or Martelonne, the lord de la Valle, and the bastard of
Bourbon, with other, to the number (as some haue written) of fiue
hundred. But Enguerant de Monstrellet affirmeth, that vpon their returne
into France, there wanted not aboue thréescore persons of all their
companies.
After they had laine thus one against another the space of eight daies
(as before is said) vittels began to faile, so that they were inforced
to dislodge. The French and Welshmen withdrew into Wales, and though the
Englishmen followed, yet impeached with the desart grounds and barren
countrie, thorough which they must passe, as our felles and craggie
mounteins, from hill to dale, from marish to wood, from naught to
woorsse (as Hall saith) without vittels or succour, the king was of
force constrained to retire with his armie, and returne againe to
Worcester, in which returne the enimies tooke certeine cariages of his
laden with vittels. [Sidenote: The Frenchmen returne home. _Anno Reg._
7.] The Frenchmen after the armies were thus withdrawne, returned into
Britaine, making small brags of their painefull iournie.
This yeare at London, the earle of Arundell maried the bastard daughter
of the king of Portingale, the king of England and the quéene with their
presence honoring the solemnitie of that feast, which was kept with all
sumptuous roialtie, the morrow after saint Katharins daie. ¶ And on the
daie of the Conception of our ladie, the ladie Philip king Henries
daughter was proclamed quéene of Denmarke, Norwaie, and Sweden, in
presence of such ambassadors, as the last summer came hither from the
king of those countries, to demand hir in marriage for him, [Sidenote:
_Abr. Fl._ out of _Thom. Walsin._ Roiston burned.] and had so trauelled
in the matter, that finallie they obteined it. ¶ On the daie of the
translation of saint Martine, the towne of Roiston was on fire.
[Sidenote: 1406.] [Sidenote: A parlement.] This yeare the first of March
a parlement began, which continued almost all this yeare: for after that
in the lower house they had denied a long time to grant to any subsidie:
yet at length, a little before Christmasse, [Sidenote: A fiftéenth
grãted by the temporaltie.] in the eight yeare of his reigne they
granted a fifteenth to the losse and great damage of the communaltie,
for through lingering of time, the expenses of knights and burgesses
grew almost in value to the summe that was demanded.
[Sidenote: A new kind of subsidie granted by the cleargie.] Moreouer, by
the clergie a new kind of subsidie was granted, to the king, to be
leuied of stipendarie priests and friers mendicants, and other such
religious men as soong for the dead, celebrating (as they termed it)
anniuersaries: euerie of them gaue halfe a marke, in reliefe of other of
the cleargie that had still borne the burthen for them before. Whervpon
now they murmured and grudged sore, for that they were thus charged at
that present. The same time the earle of Northumberland, and the lord
Bardolfe, warned by the lord Dauid Fleming, that there was a conspiracie
practised to deliuer them into the king of Englands hands, [Sidenote:
The lord Fleming lost his life for giuing knowledge to the earle of
Northumberland of that which was meant against him.] fled into Wales to
Owen Glendouer. This cost the lord Fleming his life: for after it was
knowne that he had disclosed to the earle of Northumberland what was
meant against him, and that the earle therevpon was shifted awaie,
certeine of the Scots slue the said lord Fleming.
Wherevpon no small grudge rose betwixt those that so slue him, and the
said lord Flemings friends. For this and other matters, [Sidenote:
Dissention amõg the Scotish nobilitie.] such dissention sproong vp
amongst the Scotish nobilitie, that one durst not trust another, so that
they were glad to sue for a truce betwixt England and them, which was
granted to indure for one yeare, as in some books we find recorded. This
truce being obteined, Robert king of Scotland (vpon considerations,
[Sidenote: Eleuen years saith _Harding_.] as in the Scotish historie ye
may read more at large) sent his eldest son Iames intituled prince of
Scotland (a child not past nine yeares of age) to be conueied into
France, [Sidenote: The prince of Scotland staid here in England.] vnder
the conduct of the earle of Orkenie, and a bishop, in hope that he might
there both remaine in safetie, and also learne the French toong.
But it fortuned, that as they sailed neare to the English coast about
Flambrough head in Holdernesse, their ship was taken and staied by
certeine mariners of Claie (a towne in Norffolke) that were abroad the
same time; and so he and all his companie being apprehended the thirtith
of March, was conueied to Windsore, where though he had letters from his
father, which he presented to the king, conteining a request in his
sonnes behalfe for fauour to be shewed towards him, if by chance he
landed within any of his dominions: yet was he deteined, and as well he
himselfe as the earle of Orkenie was committed to safe keeping in the
Tower of London, but the bishop got away and escaped (as some write) by
what means I know not. By the Scotish writers we find that this chanced
in the yeare 1404, that is two yeares before the time noted in diuerse
English writers, as Thomas Walsingham and other. But Harding saith it
was in the ninth yeare of king Henries reigne, to wit, in the yeare
1408.
But whensoeuer it chanced, it is to be thought, that there was no truce
at that present betweene the two realmes, but that the warre was rather
open, [Sidenote: _Hall._] sith diuerse English rebels still remained in
Scotland, and were there succored to the high displeasure of king
Henrie. ¶ By authoritie of the parlement that all this time continued,
[Sidenote: Robert Halome archb. of Yorke.] the Britons that serued the
quéene, with two of hir daughters were banished the realme. Robert
Halome chancellor of Oxford, as then being in the popes court at Rome,
was created archbishop of Yorke. ¶ Moreouer the same time, the pope gaue
vnto Thomas Langlie the bishoprike of Durham, which by the death of
Walter Skirlow was then void. In the summer of this yeare, the ladie
Philip the kings yoonger daughter was sent ouer to hir affianced
husband, [Sidenote: The king and the quéene brought hir to Lin where she
took shipping.] [Sidenote: _Tho. Walsi._] Erike king of Denmarke,
Norwaie, and Sweden, being conueied thither with great pompe, and there
married to the said king, where she tasted (according to the common
spéech vsed in praieng for the successe of such as match togither in
mariage) both ioy and some sorrow among. There attended hir thither
Henrie Bowet bishop of Bath, and the lord Richard brother to the duke of
Yorke.
There was a iusts held at London, betwixt the earle of Kent and the erle
of Marre a Scotishman; also sir Iohn Cornewall, and the lord Beaumont,
[Sidenote: An. Reg. 8.] [Sidenote: The duke of Yorke restored to
libertie.] against other two Scotish knights, whereof the honor remained
with the Englishmen. In the parlement which yet continued, the duke of
Yorke was restored to his former libertie, estate and dignitie,
[Sidenote: The earle of Kent in fauor with the king.] where manie
supposed that he had beene dead long before that time in prison. Edmund
Holland earle of Kent was in such fauour with king Henrie, that he not
onelie aduanced him to high offices and great honors, [Sidenote: He
marrieth a daughter of Barnabo lord of Millane.] but also to his great
costs and charges obteined for him the ladie Lucie, eldest daughter, and
one of the heirs of the lord Barnabo of Millane, which Barnabo paied to
him 100000 ducates, in the church of S. Marie Oueries in Southwarke, by
the hands of Don Alfonso de Cainuola, vpon the day of the solemnization
of the marriage, which was the foure and twentith of Ianuarie.
[Sidenote: _Abr. Fl._ out of _Thom. Walsi._ _Hypod._ pag. 161.] ¶ In
this yeare Roger of Walden departed this life; who hauing béene tossed
vp and downe with sundrie changes of fortune, tried in a short time how
inconstant, vncerteine variable, wandering, vnstable, and flitting she
is; which when she is thought firmelie to stand, she slipperinglie
falleth; and with a dissembling looke counterfaiteth false ioies.
[Sidenote: Roger of waldens variable fortune.] For by the meanes of hir
changeablenesse, the said Roger of a poore fellow, grew vp to be high
lord treasuror of the realme, and shortlie after archbishop of
Canturburie; but by what right, the world knoweth; considering that the
lord Thomas Arundell was then liuing. Anon after he was deposed from his
dignitie, and lead the life of an ordinarie priuat man a long time;
within a while after againe he was promoted and made bishop of London,
which sée he had not possessed a full yeare, but was depriued, and
Nicholas Hobwith succeeded in his roome. So that hereby men are taught
not to be proud of their preferment, nor to reckon of them as of
perpetuities, sithens they may be as soone dispossessed as possessed of
them; and for that all estates & degrées depend vpon Gods power and
prouidence, whereof the poet diuinelie saieth, [Sidenote: _Ouid. lib. de
Pont._ 4.]
Ludit in humanis diuina potentia rebus,
Et certam præsens vix habet hora fidem.
[Sidenote: An addition of _Francis Thin._] In this yeare the seuenth of
Maie was Thomas Langlie consecrated bishop of Durham after the decease
of Walter Skirlow. In which place he continued one and thirtie yeares.
He among other his beneficiall déeds beautified the church of Durham for
euer with a chanterie of two chapleines. Besides which for the increase
of learning (wherwith himselfe was greatlie furnished) he built two
schooles, the one for grammar to instruct youth, whereby in following
time they might be made more able to benefit themselues and serue their
countrie: and the other of musicke, wherein children might be made apt
to serue God and the church, both which schooles he erected in a parcell
of ground cõmonlie called The plaie gréene. To which buildings (for he
was one that delighted much therein, and like vnto the philosopher
Anaxagoras supposed that there was not any more earthlie felicitie, than
to erect sumptuous palaces, wherby after their death the memorie of the
founders might haue continuance) he added manie sumptuous parts of the
palace of Durham. In the towne whereof he did also from the ground (of
most statelie stone) erect a new gaole with the gate-house to the same,
in that place where of old it remained, and then by iniurie of time
fallen downe and consumed. This man inioied the sée of Durham almost the
whole time of thrée kings, that is; about six yeares and six moneths in
the time of Henrie the fourth, nine yeares and fiue moneths in the time
of Henrie the fift, and fifteene yeares in the time of Henrie the sixt;
during the gouernment of all which princes, he was all his life time
highlie estéemed and reuerenced for his singular wisedome, and for the
great authoritie he bare in publike, betwéene whome and the maior of
Newcastell arose great contention, about a bridge called Tinebridge in
the towne of Gateshed or Goteshed, in Latine called Caput capræ. But in
the yeare of our redemption 1416, and of Henrie the fift, the fourth,
and of his bishoprike, the eleuenth, this bishop had the recouerie
thereof, as appeareth by the letter of atturnie of the said bishop, made
to diuerse to take possession of the same.
The letter of atturnie wherby the bishop authorised diuerse to take
possession of Tinebridge.
THOMAS Dei gratiâ episcopus Dunelmensis omnibus ad quos præsentes
litteræ peruenerint salutem. Sciatis quòd assignauimus & deputauimus
dilectos & fideles nostros Radulphum de Ewrie cheualier senescallum
nostr[=u] Dunelmiæ, Williamum Chanceler cancellarium, infra comitatum &
libertatem Dunelmiæ, ac Williamum Claxton vicecomitem nostrum Dunelmiæ
coniunctim & diuisim, ad plenam & pacificam seisinam, de duabus partibus
medietatis cuiusdam pontis vocati Tinebridge, in villa nostra de
Gatesheued, infra comitatum & libertatem Dunelmiæ existentis. Quæ quidem
duæ partes medietatis prædictæ, continent & faciuut tertiam partem
eiusdem pontis vsque austrum, in prædicta villa de Gatesheued. Super
quas duas partes nuper maior & communitas villæ Noui castri super Tinam,
quandam turrim de nouo ædificare cæper[=u]t, & quas quidem duas partes
cum franchesiis, iurisdictionibus, & iuribus regalibus super easdem duas
partes medietatis prædictæ, nuper in curia domini regis versus maiorem &
communitatem dictæ villæ Noui castri recuperauimus nobis & successoribus
nostris episcopis Dunelmiæ, & in iure ecclesiæ nostræ sancti Cuthberti
Dunelmiæ possidendas de vicecomite Westmerlandiæ, prætextu eiusd[=e]
breuis dicti domini regis sibi directi nomine nostro recipiendas; &
turrim prædictã ad opus nostrum saluò & securè custodi[=e]dam. Ratum &
gratum habiturus quicquid id[=e] Radulphus, Williamus & Willielmus nomine
nostro fecerint in præmissis. In cuius rei testimonium has litteras
nostras fierifecimus patentes. Datum Dunelmiæ per manus Williami
Cancellarii nostri 26 Octobris, anno pontificatus nostri vndecimo.
According wherevnto in the said yeare, possession was deliuered in the
presence of these persons, whose names I thinke not vnmeet for their
posterities cause to be remembred, being persons of good credit and of
antiquitie, that is to saie, Iohn Lomelie, Rafe Ewraie, Robert Hilton,
William Fulthrop, William Tempest, Thomas Suerties, Robert *Cogniers,
[Sidenote *: Coniers.] William Claxton shiriffe of Durham, Robert de
**Egle, [Sidenote **: Ogle.] Iohn Bertram, Iohn Widerington, and Iohn
Middleton knights of Northumberland, Christopher Morslie, Will.
Osmunderlaw knights of Westmerland; and also in the presence of these
esquiers, Robert Hilton, Robert Ewrie, William Bowes, Iohn Coniers,
William Lampton the elder, Iohn de Morden, William Lampton the yoonger,
Hugh Burunghell, Iohn Britlie, William Bellingham, Robert Belthis,
Henrie Talboies; Thomas Garbois, Iohn de Hutton, William Hutton, Thomas
Cooke of Fisburn, and fiue others. This bishop also procured certeine
liberties from the pope in the church of Durham, by vertue of which
grant they which were excommunicate (and might not inioy the priuilege
of any sacraments, in other places throughout the bishoprike) should yet
baptise their children in a font of that church, in an especiall place
appointed therefore, and also receiue the other sacraments there to be
administred vnto them. He died the eight and twentith of Nouember in the
yeare of our redemption 1437, and was buried in the church of Durham in
the chanterie which he had before erected. Before whose death at his
manour of Holdon he builded all the west gates there of goodlie stone
and lime, with the chambers thereto belonging on which he placed his
armes.