ULYSSES AND THE SWINEHERD.
Now Ulysses slept while the ship was sailing to Ithaca. And when it
was come to the shore he yet slept. Wherefore the men lifted him out,
and put him on the shore with all his goods that the princes of the
Phæacians had given him, and so left him. After a while he awoke, and
knew not the land, for there was a great mist about him, Athené having
contrived that it should be so, for good ends, as will be seen. Very
wroth was he with the men of Phæacia, thinking that they had cheated
him; nor did it comfort him when he counted his goods to find that of
these he had lost nothing.
But as he walked by the sea, lamenting his fate, Athené met him, having
the shape of a young shepherd, fair to look upon, such as are the sons
of kings; and Ulysses, when he saw him, was glad, and asked him how men
called the country wherein he was.
And the false shepherd said, “Thou art foolish, or, may be, hast come
from very far, not to know this country. Many men know it, both in the
east and in the west. Rocky it is, not fit for horses, nor is it very
broad; but it is fertile land, and full of wine; nor does it want for
rain, and a good pasture it is for oxen and goats; and men call it
Ithaca. Even in Troy, which is very far, they say, from this land of
Greece, men have heard of Ithaca.”
This Ulysses was right glad to hear. Yet he was not minded to say who
he was, but rather to feign a tale.
So he said, “Yes, of a truth, I heard of this Ithaca in Crete, from
which I am newly come with all this wealth, leaving also as much behind
for my children. For I slew Orsilochus, son of Idomeneus the king,
because he would have taken from me my spoil. Wherefore I slew him,
lying in wait for him by the way. Then made I covenant with certain
Phœnicians that they should take me to Pylos or to Elis; which thing
indeed they were minded to do, only the wind drave them hither, and
while I slept they put me upon the shore, and my possessions with me,
and departed to Sidon.”
This pleased Athené much, and she changed her shape, becoming like a
woman, tall and fair, and said to Ulysses,--
“Right cunning would he be who could cheat thee. Even now in thy native
country ceasest thou not from cunning words and deceits! But let these
things be; for thou, I trow, art the wisest of mortal men, and I excel
among the gods in council. For I am Athené, daughter of Zeus, who am
ever wont to stand by thee and help thee. And now we will hide these
possessions of thine; and thou must be silent, nor tell to any one who
thou art, and endure many things, so that thou mayest come to thine own
again.”
But still Ulysses doubted, and would have the goddess tell him whether
of a truth he had come back to his native land. And she, commending his
prudence, scattered the mist that was about him.
Then Ulysses knew the land, and kissed the ground, and prayed to the
Nymphs that they would be favorable to him. And after this, Athené
guiding him, he hid away his possessions in a cave, and put a great
stone on the mouth. Then the two took counsel together.
And Athené said, “Think, man of many devices, how thou wilt lay hands
on these men, suitors of thy wife, who for three years have sat in thy
house devouring thy substance. And she hath answered them craftily,
making many promises, but still waiting for thy coming.”
Then Ulysses said, “Truly I had perished, even as Agamemnon perished,
but for thee. But do thou help me, as of old in Troy, for with thee at
my side I would fight with three hundred men.”
Then said Athené, “Lo! I will cause that no man shall know thee, for
I will wither the fair flesh on thy limbs, and take the bright hair
from thy head, and make thine eyes dull. And the suitors shall take no
account of thee, neither shall thy wife nor thy son know thee. But go
to the swineherd Eumæus, where he dwells by the fountain of Arethusa,
for he is faithful to thee and to thy house. And I will hasten to
Sparta, to the house of Menelaüs, to fetch Telemachus, for he went
thither, seeking news of thee.”
Then Athené changed him into the shape of a beggar man. She caused his
skin to wither, and his hair to fall off, and his eyes to grow dim, and
put on him filthy rags, with a great stag’s hide about his shoulders,
and in his hand a staff, and a wallet on his shoulder fastened by a
rope.
Then she departed, and Ulysses went to the house of Eumæus, the
swineherd. A great courtyard there was, and twelve sties for the sows,
and four watchdogs, big as wild beasts, for such did the swineherd
breed. He himself was shaping sandals, and of his men three were with
the swine in the fields, and one was driving a fat beast to the city,
to be meat for the suitors. But when Ulysses came near, the dogs ran
upon him, and he dropped his staff and sat down, and yet would have
suffered harm, even on his own threshold; but the swineherd ran forth
and drave away the dogs, and brought the old man in, and gave him a
seat of brushwood, with a great goat-skin over it.
And Ulysses said, “Zeus and the other gods requite thee for this
kindness.”
Then the two talked of matters in Ithaca, and Eumæus told how the
suitors of the Queen were devouring the substance of Ulysses. Then
the false beggar asked him of the King, saying that perchance, having
travelled far, he might know such an one.
But Eumæus said, “Nay, old man, thus do all wayfarers talk, yet we hear
no truth from them. Not a vagabond fellow comes to this land but our
Queen must see him, and ask him many things, weeping the while. And
thou, I doubt not, for a cloak or a tunic, would tell a wondrous tale.
But Ulysses, I know, is dead, and either the fowls of the air devour
him or the fishes of the sea.”
And when the false beggar would have comforted him, saying he knew of
a truth that Ulysses would yet return, he hearkened not. Moreover he
prophesied evil for Telemachus also, who had gone to seek news of his
father, but would surely be slain by the suitors, who were even now
lying in wait for him as he should return. And after this he asked the
stranger who he was and whence he had come. Then Ulysses answered him
craftily,--
“I am a Cretan, the son of one Castor, by a slave woman. Now my father,
while he lived, did by me as by his other sons. But when he died
they divided his goods, and gave me but a small portion, and took my
dwelling from me. Yet I won a rich wife for myself, for I was brave
and of good repute. No man would sooner go to battle or to ambush than
I, and I loved ships and spears and arrows, which some men hate, I
trow. Nine times did I lead my followers in ships against strangers,
and the tenth time I went with King Idomeneus to Troy. And when the
city of Priam had perished, I went back to my native country, and there
for the space of one month I tarried with my wife, and afterwards I
sailed with nine ships to Egypt. On the fifth day,--for the gods gave
us a prosperous voyage,--we came to the river of Egypt. There did my
comrades work much wrong to the people of the land, spoiling their
fields, and leading into captivity their wives and children; nor would
they hearken to me when I would have stayed them. Then the Egyptians
gathered an army, and came upon them, and slew some and took others.
And I, throwing down helmet and spear and shield, hasted to the king
of the land where he sat in his chariot, and prayed that he would have
mercy on me, which thing he did. And with him I dwelt for seven years,
gathering much wealth. But in the eighth year there came a trader of
Phœnicia, who beguiled me, that I went with him to his country. And
there I tarried for a year; and afterwards he carried me in his ship
to Libya, meaning to sell me as a slave; but Zeus brake the ship, so
that I only was left alive. Nine days did I float, keeping hold of the
mast, and on the tenth a wave cast me on the land of Thresprotia, where
King Pheidon kindly entreated me, giving me food and raiment. There did
I hear tell of Ulysses; yea, and saw the riches which he had gathered
together, which King Pheidon was keeping till he himself should come
back from Dodona, from the oracle of Zeus. Thence I sailed in a ship
for Dulichium, purposing to go to King Acastus, but the sailors
were minded to sell me for a slave. Therefore they left me bound in
the ship, but themselves took their supper on the shore. But in the
meanwhile I brake my bonds, the gods helping me, and leaping into the
sea, swam to the land, and hid myself in a wood that was near.”
All this tale did Ulysses tell; but Eumæus doubted whether these things
were so, thinking rather that the beggar-man said these things to
please him. After this they talked much; and when the swineherd’s men
were returned, they all feasted together. And the night being cold, and
there being much rain, Ulysses was minded to see whether one would lend
him a cloak; wherefore he told this tale:--
“Once upon a time there was laid an ambush near to the city of Troy.
And Menelaüs and Ulysses and I were the leaders of it. In the reeds we
sat, and the night was cold, and the snow lay upon our shields. Now all
the others had cloaks, but I had left mine behind at the ships. So when
the night was three parts spent I spake to Ulysses, ‘Here am I without
a cloak; soon, methinks, shall I perish with the cold.’ Soon did he
bethink him of a remedy, for he was ever ready with counsel. Therefore
to me he said, ‘Hush, lest some one hear thee,’ and to the others, ‘I
have been warned in a dream. We are very far from the ships and in
peril. Wherefore let some one run to the ships to King Agamemnon, that
he send more men to help.’ Then Thoas, son of Andræmon, rose up and
ran, casting off his cloak, and this I took, and slept warmly therein.
Were I this night such as then I was, I should not lack such kindness
even now.”
Then said Eumæus, “This is well spoken, old man. Thou shalt have a
cloak to cover thee. But in the morning thou must put on thy own rags
again. Yet perchance, when the son of Ulysses shall come, he will give
thee new garments.”
After this they slept, but Eumæus tarried without, keeping watch over
the swine.
It came to pass the next morning that Telemachus, that was son of King
Ulysses, came to the dwelling of Eumæus, for he was newly returned from
Sparta, whither he had gone if haply he might hear some tidings of his
father.
And Ulysses heard the steps of a man, and, as the dogs barked not, said
to Eumæus, “Lo! there comes some comrade or friend, for the dogs bark
not.”
And as he spake, Telemachus stood in the doorway, and the swineherd let
fall from his hand the bowl in which he was mixing wine, and ran to him
and kissed his head and his eyes and his hands. As a father kisses his
only son coming back to him from a far country after ten years, so did
the swineherd kiss Telemachus. And when Telemachus came in, the false
beggar, though indeed he was his father, rose, and would have given
place to him; but Telemachus suffered him not. And when they had eaten
and drunk, Telemachus asked of the swineherd who this stranger might be.
Then the swineherd told him as he had heard, and afterwards said, “I
hand him to thee; he is thy suppliant; do as thou wilt.”
But Telemachus answered, “Nay, Eumæus. For am I master in my house? Do
not the suitors devour it? And does not my mother doubt whether she
will abide with me, remembering the great Ulysses, who was her husband,
or will follow some one of those who are suitors to her? I will give
this stranger, indeed, food and clothing and a sword, and will send
him whithersoever he will, but I would not that he should go among the
suitors, so haughty are they and violent.”
Then said Ulysses, “But why dost thou bear with these men? Do the
people hate thee, that thou canst not avenge thyself on them? and hast
thou not kinsmen to help thee? As for me, I would rather die than see
such shameful things done in house of mine.”
And Telemachus answered, “My people hate me not; but as for kinsmen,
I have none, for Acrisius had but one son, Laertes, and he again but
one, Ulysses, and Ulysses had none other but me. Therefore do these
men spoil my substance without let, and, it may be, will take my life
also. These things, however, the gods will order. But do thou, Eumæus,
go to Penelopé, and tell her that I am returned, but let no man know
thereof, for there are that counsel evil against me; but I will stay
here meanwhile.”
So Eumæus departed. But when he had gone Athené came, like a woman tall
and fair; but Telemachus saw her not, for it is not given to all to
see the immortal gods; but Ulysses saw her, and the dogs saw her, and
whimpered for fear. She signed to Ulysses, and he went forth, and she
said,--
“Hide not the matter from thy son, but plan with him how ye may slay
the suitors, and lo! I am with you.”
Then she made his garments white and fair, and his body lusty and
strong, and his face swarthy, and his cheeks full, and his beard black.
And when he was returned to the house, Telemachus marvelled to see him,
and said,--
“Thou art not what thou wast. Surely thou art some god from heaven.”
But Ulysses made reply, “No god am I, only thy father, whom thou hast
so desired to see.”
And when Telemachus yet doubted, Ulysses told him how that Athené had
so changed him. Then Telemachus threw his arms about him, weeping, and
both wept together for a while. And afterwards Telemachus asked him of
his coming back. And Ulysses, when he had told him of this, asked him
how many were the suitors, and whether they two could fight with them
alone.
Then said Telemachus, “Thou art, I know, a great warrior, my father,
and a wise, but this thing we cannot do; for these men are not ten, no,
nor twice ten, but from Dulichium come fifty and two, and from Samos
four and twenty, and from Zacynthus twenty, and from Ithaca twelve; and
they have Medon the herald, and a minstrel also, and attendants.”
Then said Ulysses, “Go thou home in the morning and mingle with the
suitors, and I will come as an old beggar; and if they entreat me
shamefully, endure to see it, yea, if they drag me to the door. Only,
if thou wilt, speak to them prudent words; but they will not heed
thee, for indeed their doom is near. Heed this also: when I give thee
the token, take all the arms from the dwelling and hide them in thy
chamber. And when they shall ask thee why thou doest thus, say that
thou takest them out of the smoke, for that they are not such as
Ulysses left behind him when he went to Troy, but that the smoke has
soiled them. Say, also, that haply they might stir up strife sitting at
their cups, and that it is not well that arms should be at hand, for
that the very steel draws on a man to fight. But keep two swords and
two spears and two shields,--these shall be for thee and me. Only let
no one know of my coming back--not Laertes, nor the swineherd, no, nor
Penelopé herself.”
But after a while the swineherd came back from the city, having carried
his tidings to the Queen. And this she also had heard from the sailors
of the ships. Also the ship of the suitors which they had sent to lie
in wait for the young man was returned. And the suitors were in great
wrath and fear, because their purpose had failed, and also because
Penelopé the queen knew what they had been minded to do, and hated them
because of it.