[41] The principal checks to population enumerated by Malthus were
normally: vice, misery and celibacy or moral restraint, and such
occasional resorts of nature to repress a too redundant population (an
evil aggravated considerably in countries where population is forced to
the limits of its means of subsistence by poor-laws and grants in aid of
families), as wars and famine.
[42] The "unfit" denotes the diseased, criminals, paupers and lunatics.
See "The Fertility of the Unfit," by W. A. Chapple, for an able
exposition of the economic causes underlying the alarming increase in
the unfit population.
[43] E. Haeckel, "Riddle of the Universe."
[44] "The False Alarm," a pamphlet on the Middlesex election of 1770.
[45] "The Purpose of Education" (1915), by St. George Lane Fox-Pitt.
[46] "Psychic Phenomena," by I. J. Hudson, p. 29.
[47] _Ibid._
[48] Instinct in its more technical use denotes any inherited tendency
to perform a specific action in a specific way when the appropriate
situation occurs. In this use instinct should be discriminated from
impulse, which may be (1) the sensation or feeling which prompts an
instinctive action, (2) a similar prompting to an action which is not
instinctive in the narrower sense, or which is characteristic of an
individual only and not of a group.--Webster's Dictionary.
[49] "Principles of Psychology," vol. i, p. 377.
[50] _Ex_ "Essay on Milton."
[51] The theory was developed by Professor R. Semon of Munich, in 1908,
who used the word "engrams" for "organic memories"; quoted by Professor
J. Ward in a lecture on the _mnemic theory_, entitled "Heredity and
Memory," delivered at Cambridge in 1912 and subsequently published.
Professor Ward considers that greater emphasis should be laid upon the
psychic than upon the physical impressions recorded by the "mind-stuff."
[52] Hudson's "Psychic Phenomena," p. 30.
[53] _Op. cit._, p. 129.
[54] _Vide_ Bramwell's "Hypnotism," 3rd edition, p. 334.
[55] "Suggestive Therapeutics."
[56] _Op. cit._, p. 44.
[57] _Münchener Medizinische Wochenschrift_, June 15, 1915.
[58] "Principles of Psychology," p. 643.
[59] _Ibid._, vol. i, p. 654.
[60] "Principles of Psychology," vol. i, p. 682.
[61] Ed. 1847, vol. i, p. 117; also quoted in Carpenter's "Mental
Physiology," chap, x, in illustration of his theory of "unconscious
cerebrations."
[62] Hudson's "Psychic Phenomena," p. 44, and James's "Principles of
Psychology," vol. i, p. 681.
[63] "The Sanity of Art," by George Bernard Shaw.