Aerschot
(August 19, 1914)
From the Report of Captain Commander Gilson, commanding the 4th
Company of the 1st Battalion of the 9th Line Regiment
The Belgian Army, two Corps strong, had held its observation position
from the 5th to the 18th of August. It had resisted the attacks of
the enemy cavalry and light troops. When attacked by eleven enemy
Corps and three Cavalry Divisions, about 500,000 men, supported by
600 machine-guns and 1800 cannons, it fell back on Antwerp. A lively
rear-guard action took place between the 11th German Corps and the 9th
and 14th Line Regiments in the direction of Aerschot.
On the 18th of August, 1914, the 9th Line Regiment was entrusted with
protecting the right flank of the campaign army, which was falling back
in the direction of Antwerp. The regiment left Kessel-Loo at 2.30 in
the afternoon, reached Aerschot at 7 o'clock and took up its position
to the north, on the right bank of the Démer. The 1st Battalion faced
the Aerschot-Hersselt road; the 2nd, a little to the east, defending
Doorenberg, a country house, inhabited in time of peace, it is said,
by a German officer; the 3rd was first held in reserve, but after
reconnaissance of the place, two of its Companies fell back, in order
to rally the 1st and 2nd Battalions and cover the retreat. The
information which reached us, from time to time, was to the effect that
the Germans were advancing by the Aerschot-Hersselt road, occupied by
the 4th Company of the 1st Battalion. The Commander, Captain Gilson, an
officer of great bravery, who had given proof of what he was capable in
the Congo, at once endeavoured to consolidate his position by defence
works; barricades, beams, and heaps of earth were brought to obstruct
the level crossing of the Antwerp-Hasselt railroad; barbed wire was
stretched across the threatened road, the plains of which could be
swept by two machine-guns, placed on the right and left and protected
by grass earthworks.
As to the Company, it was disposed in the following manner: the
1st Platoon, under Lieutenant Fauconier, was ranged along the
Aerschot-Herenthals railroad; the 2nd Platoon, under Lieutenant
Jacquet, and the 3rd Platoon, under Adjutant Theys, took up their
position along the curved embankment of the Hersselt road, one of
them guarding the west sector and the other the east. A watch-out
post, composed of twelve men, under the command of First Sergeant
Scheenaerts, was placed six hundred yards away from milestone 2, near
the Aurondenberg Mill, to the summit of which an observer climbed.
Finally, sentinels and patrols went on further to the front and were
stationed on the flanks, in order to avoid surprises of any kind.
On the 19th of August, towards five o'clock in the morning, the
observer signalled the approach of a column of German Infantry
and Cavalry on the Hersselt road. Their scouts soon reached our
watch-out post, which fell back. In the distance, could be heard the
characteristic sound of the artillery guns rolling along the pavement.
The enemy's advance guard stopped at the border of the woods, about
four hundred yards to the north of the railway, whilst, at the extreme
right, six scouts continued their advance in the direction of the
level crossing. Commander Gilson told his sharp-shooters to keep in
hiding and to let the enemies approach. When he saw them about a
hundred yards away, he seized his gun, aimed calmly and deliberately,
and brought down three Boches, one after the other. The three others,
alarmed, threw themselves into a ditch. Fresh scouts, in greater number
this time, replaced them immediately, and the German vanguard Company
deployed to the east and west of the road and commenced firing. The
Belgians did not reply, but when the enemy, scarcely attempting any
concealment, made a bound forwards all along its line, Gilson commanded
the opening of fire with rifles and machine-guns. The aim of the latter
was so remarkable and so precise that the Commander could not help
crying out "Bravo" to the nearest gunner. Under this avalanche, the
enemy Company was almost wiped out.
From this moment, the Germans never ceased sending reinforcements to
the right and left of their initial deployment. They emerged from
the woods, at about three hundred or four hundred yards to the north
of the Belgian line, but, as soon as they were in the open, their
march was stopped by the fire of their adversaries. Four Companies
attempted the passage in vain and retreated into the woods, leaving a
great number of their men on the plain. Towards four in the afternoon,
the German Artillery, placed beyond the crest of the hill, probably
near milestone 3, opened fire, first on the border of the wood to
the north of Aerschot, then more to the south, on the town itself.
Some of the shells burst in the Belgian line. Half an hour later, two
German machine-guns were put into action and one could hear their
"Ta-ra-ta-ra" distinctly in the midst of the detonations of the
musketry. On account of the absence of any smoke, though, the Belgians
could not discover their exact position.
Finally, Commander Gilson, with his field-glasses, caught sight of one
of the enemy machine-guns on a heap of wood. An observer, crouching
down, gave the necessary indications to our gunner. He, in his turn,
passed the information on for the machine-gun nearest him and to a few
sharp-shooters, and, in a few minutes, the German gun was reduced to
silence.
The Boches brought up another one, and, in spite of its proximity,
Gilson had the greatest difficulty in locating it. As soon as he had
done so, thanks again to his field-glasses, he directed the firing
himself and brought down two of the enemy gunners.
As they could not succeed in breaking through the Belgian front,
the Germans now executed a turning movement in the direction of our
left. Three or four Companies crept along the west embankment of the
Herenthals railway, whilst other troops came out from the De Heide
Woods, situated still farther west. The Artillery, too, came nearer
and took position at about seven hundred yards away, on the side of
the Mill, the gallery of which concealed an observer. Four guns then
executed a rapid firing of shrapnel exactly over the Belgian line; the
others continued bombarding the town of Aerschot and its outskirts. On
the crest of the hill, to the east, could be seen the outline of grey
masses on the way down. In order to oppose this turning movement, and
to prevent the enemy cutting him off, Colonel Flébus, in command of the
9th Line Regiment, sent a Company to occupy the railway line behind
Aerschot, at the height of the milestone 23. He would have a safe
retreat there, if the position became impossible.
The enemy was concentrating its chief effort, though, on the 4th
Company of the 1st Battalion, the men of which had been sustaining a
very unequal fight for several hours. Commander Gilson sent a note
to the Major by a cyclist, notifying: "4/1 severely engaged. Germans
outflanking us to the left. Can I count on a reinforcement?" This
request was transmitted to the Colonel, who sent a Company to support
the 4/1. In order to reach the spot occupied by Commander Gilson, this
Company had to cross an open space which was being swept by the enemy
Artillery established at Geymelberg. The firing to bar this way made it
impossible for the reinforcement to advance. It was all in vain that
the men endeavoured to hollow out shelters for themselves, rapidly,
as the machine-guns raked the trenches, thus causing many victims.
Under these conditions, the Colonel judged a retreat necessary and
ordered the different Companies to fall back by the railway, under the
protection of the troops placed there in reserve. The despatch bearers,
with the order intended for the 4th Company, were killed on their way
back, though, and Commander Gilson remained without instructions and
without reinforcements. He saw the Companies, occupying his right
leave, one after the other, in the direction of Aerschot.
The fate of this single troop, left alone to sustain the brunt of the
enemy's onset, is told by Commander Gilson himself in the following
words:
"On seeing the various Companies moving off in the direction of
Aerschot, I understood that the position of the regiment was
impossible. Two explanations came at once to my mind: (a) either the
order to retreat has been sent and has not reached me, (b) or the care
of protecting the retreat is left officially to me. Considering the
precarious situation of the regiment on march under the fire of the
German Artillery, a situation which would soon be considerably worse
if I ceased to hold back the important forces of the enemy and left
them the opportunity of flinging themselves upon our troops, I decided
to cover the retreat of the regiment and to fight, if need were, to
the last man. In spite of this resolution, in order to encourage my
soldiers, I called out to them: 'Courage, hold out a few minutes more.
Our comrades will come to the rescue.'
"As no reinforcement arrived, though, my men realised the final
sacrifice I was asking of them. In the midst of the uproar of the
fray, I reminded them of the promise they had given me at Liége to
hold out to the death. 'This is the moment, to know who are brave
men!' I added. All who heard me answered with a nod of approval and
a gesture of disdain for the Germans. At the same time, I sent my
Major two more notes, exposing to him my position and telling him my
resolution. They did not reach their destination, the despatch bearers
were killed in the street at Aerschot, the entrance to the town being
literally under a rain of projectiles.
"Towards seven o'clock, I sent a soldier to the cross-roads to find
out if all the regiment had passed southwards. During my retreat, I
found his dead body at the entrance to the town, his head nearly blown
off by a shrapnel. I recognised him easily by his wallet of white
linen.
"From quarter past seven, we were almost surrounded by forces which I
reckon must have been at least ten Companies strong. The firing was so
violent that it was impossible for me to communicate with Lieutenant
Fauconier's Platoon, forming a defensive angle to my left.
"Towards seven-thirty, Lieutenant Jacquet, placed on the left of the
road, called out to me that the position could no longer be held, as
the Germans had turned round us and were firing on us from the back. I
saw this myself, but I considered that it was too soon to let go, as
the enemy might still catch up with the regiment. I told Lieutenant
Jacquet, by shouting and by gesture, that we _must_ still hold out,
in spite of everything. _This officer replied 'Good!' simply by the
military salute._
"The fight continued in the following manner: The Germans had brought
up six machine-guns, two on our front, two on our right, and two in
the second line. The artillery guns were firing continually, some on
the town, and the others on our line. We went on like this until seven
fifty-five. One of our machine-guns gave out; it was pierced by balls.
I tried to save the second. The gunners endeavoured to draw it back,
but, during the few minutes that this was taking place, it was hit
by balls and damaged. We flung it into the ditch. The regiment was
now out of reach and it remained for me to save those of my men who
were still unscathed. A hundred of them, either killed or wounded,
were lying on the embankment. They had fallen at their post. Others
had gone a few yards farther back before falling. I whistled for the
retreat, giving the command: 'In rank, to the left, we are going
to beat a retreat slowly. Adjutant Theys, with your right section,
you will protect the rest of the Company.' At that instant, a ball
hit me in the face. I made a sign to Lieutenant Fauconier to begin
the movement. He started, followed by Jacquet's Platoon, and then
by They's Platoon with the last section, which I accompanied. The
retreat was accomplished without any hurry, by creeping along, which
was the only way possible. In spite of this, many of my men fell in
the open space that we had to clear before reaching the entrance to
the town. This entrance was literally swept by balls and shrapnels. As
I was quite the last, behind all the others, with seven men, two of
whom were wounded, I took refuge close to a building and fired five
cartridges on the enemy who were closing up round us. I took from a
dead soldier, the roll of maps of 1/40,000 that I had entrusted to
him, and flung it into a well.
"During a lull, we set off again and finally reached the deserted
station. We asked for news of the regiment. Some of the inhabitants,
wildly excited, assured us that the troops had taken the Louvain road.
We followed the railway line in the same direction, crossed some
gardens and went by the same road.
"I am proud to testify in the first place to the admirable, intrepid
conduct of my three Platoon officers Lieutenant Fauconier, Lieutenant
Jacquet and Adjutant Theys. I cannot find words strong enough to tell
how heroic and how sublime their conduct was. Under the fiercest fire,
they remained absolutely calm and, with utter fearlessness of death,
they carried out orders and accomplished, in the most perfect way,
the mission of protection which we had the great honour of receiving.
Their _sang-froid_, their spirit of abnegation, their sentiment of
comprehension of a sacred duty was transmitted by them to their men. I
take the liberty of asking for a token of distinction for these three
officers, whether living or dead.
"I do not yet know who has survived of this Company. I only know that
the losses must have been very great. I salute, with intense emotion,
the memory of the brave men who fell, and I salute, with all respect
those who are still living. All of them, and I repeat _all_, behaved
as heroes. I would also specially mention those who remained with
me at the very last: Quartermaster Sergeant Van Wynendael; Corporal
Deltombe, who was wounded; Corporal Fernand Bauwens, and Private
Berlens. These four soldiers supported me and, at a given moment,
almost carried me during the retreat, when, through loss of blood, I
began to feel weak and my sight became dim.
"Commander Georges Gilson,
Provincial Government Ambulance
Antwerp."