*SKANDHA XI. CHAP. 19.*
Jnana (knowledge), Vairagya (dispassion), Vijnana (direct knowledge),
Sraddha (faith) Bhakti (Devotion), these are the requisites of Moksha.
The nine (Prakriti, Purusha, Mahat. Ahankara and the five Tanmatras),
the eleven (five Jnanendriyas, five Karmendriyas and Manas), the five
Bhutas, the three (Gunas), that knowledge by which one knows that these
constitute all beings and that the One underlies all these is _Jnana_.
(The first training of the mind is to break up the objects into their
component elements. Thus we can mentally resolve any object into its
chemical elements and this Universe into a mass of homogeneous nebula.
The process is to be carried further, till we get the Tatvas or the
ultimate principles of the Sankhya philosophy. Then the next step is to
realise the one Purusha as underlying all the Prakritic principles.)
Vijnana is the direct knowledge of the One by itself and not as
pervading all Prakritic forms. (Jnana is indirect knowledge and Vijnana
is direct knowledge of Brahma).
All the existing things being formed of the three Gunas have their
growth, existence and end. What follows the transformation from one form
into another, at all the three stages of beginning, middle and end, and
what remains behind after the destruction of all forms -- that is the
existing (Sat).
The Vedas, direct perception, the sayings of great men and logical
inference are the four Pramanas or evidences. The world of
transformations does not stand the test of any of them (_i.e._ there is
only one real existence, the existence of the transformable and
transformed world being only relative and unreal. This is the conclusion
arrived at from all sources. Therefore the wise man becomes
dispassionate to all things.
Transformation is the end of all actions. Therefore the wise man sees
all the regions that may be attained by actions from that of Brahma
downwards, as miserable and transitory even like the worlds that are
seen. This is Vairagya or Dispassion.
I have told you already of Bhakti yoga. Hear again what I say. _Sraddha_
or faith in the nectar like sayings about Me, constant recitals about
myself, steadiness in worshipping Me, the chanting of devotional hymns,
the hearty performance of divine service, adoration by means of the
body, worship of my votaries, the realisation of my existence in all
beings, the directing of the daily actions and of the daily talks
towards Me, the offering up of the mind to Me, the giving up of all
desires, of all objects, of all enjoyments and of all joys for my Sake,
the performance of Vedic karma all for Me -- by all these, Bhakti grows
up towards Me.