EXPERIMENTAL DYEING AND COMPARATIVE DYE TESTING.
Every dyer ought to be able to make experiments in the mordanting and
dyeing of textile fibres for the purpose of ascertaining the best
methods of applying mordants or dye-stuffs, the best methods of
obtaining any desired shade, and for the purpose of making comparative
tests of dyes or mordanting materials with the object of determining
their strength and value. This is not by any means difficult, nor does
it involve the use of any expensive apparatus, so that a dyer need not
hesitate to set up a small dyeing laboratory for fear of the expense
which it might entail.
In order to carry out the work indicated above there will be required
several pieces of apparatus. First, a small chemical balance, one that
will carry 100 grams in each pan is quite large enough; and such a one,
quite accurate enough for this work, can be bought for 25s. to 30s.,
while if the dyer be too poor even for this, a cheap pair of
apothecaries' scales might be used. It is advisable to procure a set of
gram weights, and to get accustomed to them, which is not a very
difficult task.
In using the balance always put the substance to be weighed on the
left-hand pan, and the weights on the right-hand pan. Never put
chemicals of any kind direct on the pan, but weigh them in a watch
glass, small porcelain basin, or glass beaker, which has first been
weighed, according to the nature of the material which is being
weighed. The sets of weights are always fitted into a block or box, and
every time they are used they should be put back into their proper
place.
The experimenter will find it convenient to provide himself with a few
small porcelain basins, glass beakers, cubic centimetre measures, two or
three 200 c.c. flasks with a mark on the neck, a few pipettes of various
sizes, 10 c.c., 20 c.c., 25 c.c.
The most important feature is the dyeing apparatus. Where only a single
dye test is to be made, a small copper or enamelled iron saucepan, such
as can be bought at any ironmonger's, may be used; this may conveniently
be heated by a gas boiling burner, such as can also be bought at an
ironmonger's or plumber's for 2s.
[Illustration: FIG. 44.--Experimental Dye-bath.]
It is, however, advisable to have means whereby several dyeing
experiments can be made at one time and under precisely the same
conditions, and this cannot be done by using the simple means noted
above.
To be able to make perfectly comparative dyeing experiments it is best
to use porcelain dye-pots--these may be bought from most dealers in
chemical apparatus--and to heat them in a water-bath arrangement.
The simplest arrangement is sketched in Fig. 44; it consists of a copper
bath measuring 15 inches long by 10-1/2 inches broad and 6-1/2 inches
deep--this is covered by a lid in which are six apertures to take the
porcelain dye-baths. The bath is heated by two round gas boiling burners
of the type already referred to.
The copper bath is filled with water, which, on being heated to the boil
by the gas burners, heats up the dye liquids in the dye-pots. The
temperature in the dye-pots under such conditions can never reach the
boiling point; where it is desirable, as in some cases of wool
mordanting and dyeing, that it should boil, there should be added to the
water in the copper bath a quantity of calcium chloride, which forms a
solution that has a much higher boiling point than that of water, and so
the dye liquors in the dye-pots may be heated up to the boil.
An objection might be raised that with such an apparatus the temperature
in every part of the bath may not be uniform, and so the temperature of
the dye-liquors in the pots may vary also, and differences of
temperature often have a considerable influence on the shade of the
colour which is being dyed. This is a minor objection, which is more
academic in its origin than of practical importance. To obviate this Mr.
William Marshall of the Rochdale Technical School has devised a circular
form of dye-bath, in which the temperature in every part can be kept
quite uniform.
The dyeing laboratories of technical schools and colleges are generally
provided with a more elaborate set of dyeing appliances. These, in the
latest constructed, consist of a copper bath supported on a hollow pair
of trunnions, that the bath can be turned over if needed. Into the bath
are firmly fixed three earthenware or porcelain dye-pots; steam for
heating can be sent through the trunnions. After the dyeing tests have
been made the apparatus can be turned over, and the contents of the
dye-pots emptied into a sink which is provided for the purpose.
Many other pieces of apparatus have been devised and made for the
purpose of carrying on dyeing experiments on the small scale, but it
will not be needful to describe these in detail. After all no more
efficient apparatus can be desired than that described above.
Dyeing experiments can be made with either yarns or pieces of
cloth--swatches, as they are commonly called--a very convenient size is
a small skein of yarn or a piece of cloth having a weight of 5 grams.
These test skeins or pieces ought to be well washed in hot water before
use, so that they are clean and free from any size or grease. A little
soda or soap will facilitate the cleansing process.
In carrying out a dyeing test the dye-pot should be filled with the
water required, using as little as can be consistent with the dye swatch
being handled comfortably therein, then there is added the required
mordants, chemicals, dyes, etc., according to the character of the work
which is being done.
Of such chemicals as soda, caustic soda, sodium sulphate (Glauber's
salt), tartar, bichromate of potash, it will be found convenient to
prepare stock solutions of known strength, say 50 grams per litre, and
then by means of a pipette any required quantity can be conveniently
added. The same plan might be followed in the case of dyes which are
constantly in use, in this case, 5 grams per litre will be found strong
enough.
Supposing it is desired to make a test of a sample of direct red, using
the following proportions: 2 per cent. dye-stuff, 3 per cent. soda, 15
per cent. Glauber's salt, and the weight of the swatch which is being
used is 5 grams. The following calculations are to be made to give the
quantities of the ingredients required.
For the dye-stuff:--
5 (weight of swatch) multiplied by 2 (per cent. of dye) and divided by
100 equals--
5 x 2
------- = 0.1 gram dye
100
For the soda we have similarly:--
5 x 3
------- = 0.15 gram soda.
100
For the Glauber's salt:--
5 x 15
-------- = 0.75 gram Glauber's salt.
100
These quantities may be weighed out and added to the dye-bath, or if
solutions are kept, a calculation can be made as to the number of cubic
centimetres which contain the above quantities, and these measured out
and added to the dye-bath.
When all is ready, the bath is heated up, the swatch entered, and the
work of the test entered upon.
Students are recommended to make experiments on such points as:--
The shades obtained by using various proportions of dye-stuffs.
The influence of various assistants--common salt, soda, Glauber's salt,
borax, phosphate of soda--in the bath.
The influence of varying proportions of mordants on the shade of dyeing.
The value of various assistants, tartar, oxalic acid, lactic acid,
sulphuric acid, on the fixation of mordants.
The relative value of different tannin matters, etc.
Each dyer should make himself a pattern-book into which he should enter
his tests, with full particulars as to how they have been produced at
the side.
It is important that a dyer should be able to make comparative dye
tests to ascertain the relative strength of any two, or more samples of
dyes which may be sent to him. This is not difficult, but requires
considerable care in carrying out the various operations involved.
Of each of the samples of dyes 0.5 gram should be weighed out and
dissolved in 100 c.c. of water, care being taken that every portion of
the dye is dissolved before any of the solution is used in making up the
dye-vats. Care should also be taken that the skeins of yarn or swatches
of cloth are exactly equal in weight; that the same volume of water is
placed in each of the dye-pots; that the same amount of sulphate of soda
or other dye assistants are added; that the quantities of dye-stuff and
solutions used are equal; in fact, that in all respects the conditions
of dyeing are exactly the same, such, in fact, being the vital
conditions in making comparative dye tests of the actual dyeing strength
of several samples of dyes.
After the swatches have been dyed they are rinsed and then dried, when
the depth of shade dyed on them may be compared one with another. To
prevent any mistakes, it is well to mark the swatches with one, two,
three or more cuts as may be required.
It is easier to ascertain if two dyes are different in strength of
colour than to ascertain the relative difference between them. There are
two plans available for this purpose--one is a dyeing test, the other is
a colorimetric test made with the solutions of the dyes.
=Dyeing Test.=--This method of ascertaining the relative value of two
dyes as regards strength of colour is carried out as follows: A
preliminary test will show which is stronger than the other. Then there
is prepared a series of dye-vats--one contains a swatch with the deepest
of the two dyes, which is taken as the standard; the others, swatches
with the other dye, but containing 2, 5 and 10 per cent. more dye-stuff,
and all these swatches are dyed together, and after drying a comparison
can be made between them and the standard swatch and a judgment formed
as to the relative strength of the two dyes. A little experience will
soon enable the dyer to form a correct judgment of the difference in
strength between two samples of dye-stuff.
=Colorimetric Test.=--This is based on the principle that the colour of
a solution of dye-stuff will be proportionate to its strength. Two white
glass tubes equal in diameter are taken. Solutions of the dye-stuff, 0.5
gram in 100 c.c. of water, are prepared, care being taken that the
solution is complete. Of one of these solutions 5 c.c. is taken and
placed in one of the glass tubes, and 5 c.c. of the other solution is
placed in the other glass tube. Of water 25 c.c. is now added to each
tube, and then the colour of the diluted liquids is compared by looking
through them in a good light. That sample which gives the deeper
solution is the stronger in colouring power. By diluting the stronger
solution with water until it is of the same depth of colour as the
weaker, it may be assumed that the depth of the columns of liquid in the
two tubes is in proportion to the relative strength of the two samples.
Thus, if in one tube there are 30 c. of liquid and in the other 25 c.,
then the relative strength is as 30 to 25; and if the first is taken as
the standard at 100, a proportion sum gives
30 : 25 : : 100 : 83.3,
that is, the weaker sample has only 83.3 per cent, of the strength of
the stronger sample.
INDEX.
COMPILED BY MISS GRACE GREENWOOD, B.A. (LOND.)
A.
Acetate liquor, 190, 193.
-- of alumina, 170.
-- of chrome, 180.
-- of lead, 159.
Acetic acid, 174, 180, 184, 227, 231.
Acid dyes;, 83, 159.
-- dye-stuffs, topping with, 228.
-- green, 84, 221, 229, 234.
-- magenta, 84. 220.
-- violet, 229.
-- --6 B, 211, 218.
-- yellow, 220.
Acids, action of, on cellulose, 9.
Acridine orange NO, 231, 232.
Affinity of dye-stuff for fibre, 109.
Albumens, 4.
Algarobilla, 147, 148.
Alizarine, 18, 150, 157, 169, 180, 259.
-- blue, 173, 174.
-- --paste, 174.
-- dyed goods, test of, 258.
-- dyes, 84.
-- oil, 170.
-- orange, 173. 174.
-- pink, 172.
-- purple, 172.
-- red, 171, 248.
-- violet, 172.
-- yellow N, 180.
Alkali blue B, 233.
-- --3 B, 233.
-- --6 B, 217, 232, 233, 238.
-- yellow R, 209.
Alkalies, action of, on cotton, 6.
Alkaline blue, 211, 214, 215, 216.
-- copper solution, 196.
Alpha-naphthol, 130, 132, 133, 186, 187, 188.
Alpha-naphthylamine, 182, 185, 187, 188.
-- claret, 197.
Alum, 159, 164, 165. 166, 167.
Alumina, 157.
-- acetate, 179.
-- mordants, 259.
Amidazol blacks, 79, 121, 179.
-- black G, 124, 126.
-- brown, 121.
-- cachou, 127.
-- cutch, 126.
-- drab, 127.
-- green B, 127.
-- -- Y, 127.
-- olive, 121.
Amidoazobenzene, 185, 187, 188.
Amido-azo bodies, 183.
-- compounds, 182.
Amidoazotoluol, 198.
-- garnet, 198.
Amido bases, diazotisation of, 182.
-- groups, 130.
Amido-diphenylamine, 183.
Amido-phenylamine, 133.
Amines, 181.
Ammonia, 174, 180.
-- soda, 173.
Ammoniacal copper, 21.
Ammonium chloride, 180, 207.
Amyloid, 12.
Aniline, 13, 182, 184, 185, 186, 188.
-- black, 79, 205, 234.
-- grey B, 229, 231, 333.
-- hydrochloride, 181.
-- oil, 206, 207.
-- salt, 207.
Anisidine, 183.
Anthracene brown, 174.
Anthrapurpurine, 171.
Antimony fluoride, 147.
---- oxalate, 147.
_Appretur der Gewebe_, 252.
Archil substitute N, 229.
Artificial silk, 15.
Atlas red R, 102.
Auramine, 18, 147, 153.
---- G. 154.
---- I I, 151, 152, 153, 230, 231, 232.
Auroline, 209.
Automatic yarn-dryer, 253.
Azine green, T O, 231.
Azo-acid dyes, 210.
---- yellow, 211.
Azo blue, 85, 211.
---- ---- 2 R, 228.
---- compounds, 182.
---- dyes, 18, 129, 159, 181.
---- mauve. 100, 210.
---- ---- A M, 99, 106.
---- orseille B B, 229.
---- red A, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217, 223, 229.
---- rubine A, 229.
---- scarlet, 84.
---- violet, 100.
Azophor orange M N, 195.
---- red P N, 139, 141, 193,195.
B.
Barlow kiers, 30, 32.
Barwood, 18, 156, 178.
Basic dyes, 83.
---- ---- topping with, 145.
---- dye-stuffs, topping with, 228.
Bast fibre, 2.
Bayer developer, 133.
Beaumont's cop-dyeing machine, 67.
Beige, 167.
Benzo azurine, 101, 107, 112.
---- ---- G, 93, 101, 146, 201.
---- ---- 3 G, 211.
---- ---- R, 210.
---- black blue, 164.
---- blue, 227.
---- ---- 3 B, 94.
---- ---- black G, 210.
---- ---- R W, 115.
---- brown, 92.
---- ---- G, 100, 103.
---- ---- N B, 100, 103.
---- ---- N B X, 101.
---- chrome black blue B, 96, 118.
---- ---- brown G, 118.
---- ---- ---- 5 G, 113.
---- ---- ---- R, 118.
---- ---- ---- 2 R, 117.
---- dyes, 18, 85, 208, 225.
---- fast grey, 102.
---- ---- scarlet 4 B S, 107.
---- green, B B, 93.
---- ---- G, 92, 145.
Benzo-nitrol black B, 142.
---- brown G, 144.
---- dark brown N, 144.
---- developer, 141.
---- dyes, 139.
Benzo olive, 92.
---- orange R, 87, 92.
---- purpurine, 85, 101, 107.
---- ---- B, 100, 210.
---- ---- 4 B, 87, 89, 210, 217.
---- ---- 6 B, 146.
---- ---- 10 B, 210, 217.
Beta-naphthol, 130, 131, 132, 184, 186, 187, 188, 189, 191, 196, 235.
Beta-naphthylamine, 182, 185, 187, 188.
---- red, 196.
Bichromate of potash, 164, 165, 166, 167, 177, 179, 181.
---- of soda, 206.
Biebrich orange, 128.
---- scarlet, 128.
Birch's sewing machine, 25.
---- washing machine, 36.
Bismarck brown, 146, 147, 153, 165, 166, 167, 229, 230, 232.
---- ---- F F, 231.
Bisulphate of soda, 221, 222, 223.
Black, 104, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 137, 138, 139, 142, 144,
166, 214, 215, 217.
---- and blue shot, 222, 223.
---- and crimson shot dyes, 237.
---- and green blue shot, 222.
---- and pink shot, 223.
---- and yellow shot, 223.
---- blue, 116.
---- brown, 102, 103, 118, 136, 138.
---- dyeing of, 234.
---- iron liquor, 165.
Bleaching of cotton, 24.
-- of fine fabrics, 42.
-- of yarn, 43.
Blue, 96, 97, 98, 115, 125, 126, 130, 136, 145, 146, 155.
-- and gold shot dyes, 237.
-- and gold yellow shot, 222.
-- and orange shot, 224.
-- black, 136, 137, 138, 139, 154, 216, 219.
-- developer A, 130.
-- -- AN, 134.
-- green, 114.
-- grey, 105.
Bluestone, 164, 165, 166, 178.
Bluish claret red, 187.
-- rose, 153.
Borax, 86, 180, 221.
Brazil wood, 84, 156, 178, 179.
Bridson's washing machine, 36.
Bright blue, 95, 97, 98, 145, 151, 215, 217, 230.
-- crimson, 232.
-- grass green, 93.
-- green, 146, 151.
-- grey, 106.
-- navy, 115, 116.
-- olive yellow, 232.
-- orange, 92.
-- pea green, 94.
-- pink, 90.
-- red, 87, 145.
-- --lilac, 99.
-- rose, 230.
-- scarlet, 89, 130, 186.
-- sea green, 151.
-- straw, 90.
-- violet, 231.
-- walnut, 143.
-- yellow, 90, 143, 154, 213, 214, 215, 229.
Brilliant azurine B, 146.
-- --5 G, 97, 211.
-- cochineal 4 R, 222.
-- Congo R, 210.
-- croceine, 229.
-- -- 3 B, 237.
-- green, 145, 146, 147, 151, 154, 229, 231, 232, 233.
-- milling green B, 211.
-- orange, 92.
-- -- G, 103, 218, 232.
-- orseille C, 229.
-- purpurine, 87.
-- -- R, 210.
-- red, 88.
-- rhoduline red B, 151.
-- scarlet, 211, 229.
-- -- G, 211
-- violet, 231.
-- yellow, 230.
Bronze green, 114, 217.
-- grey, 106.
Brown, 101, 103, 117, 120, 127, 128, 130, 144, 164, 174, 180, 218, 232.
-- and blue shot dyes, 222, 238.
-- and violet shot, 223.
-- drab, 100.
Brownish orange, 186.
Buff brown, 102, 118, 126, 135.
-- yellow, 91.
C.
Cachou de laval, 100, 121.
Camwood, 156, 178.
Capri blue, 230.
-- green, 229.
-- -- 2 G, 231.
Carbonate of soda, 168, 209,
-- of soda lye, 168.
Carbonising of woollen goods, 12.
Catechu, 187.
-- brown, 112.
-- -- F K, 117.
-- -- G K, 117.
Caustic soda, 180.
-- -- liquor, 189.
-- -- lye, 196.
Cellulose, 5, 6.
-- di-nitrate, 14, 15.
-- hexa-nitrate, 14.
-- penta-nitrate, 14.
-- tetra-nitrate, 14.
Ceruleine, 180.
Chalk, 180, 181.
Chardonnet's process for making silk, 15.
Chemical reagents, action of, 257.
Chemicing of cotton, 36.
Chemistry of cotton fibre, 1.
Chestnut, 100, 104, 118, 142, 219.
Chicago blue, 112, 227.
-- -- B, 115, 210.
-- -- 4 B, 116, 210.
-- -- 6 B, 95, 97, 114, 116, 146, 210, 217, 232, 233.
-- -- R, 210.
Chicago blue G, 210.
---- ---- 4 R, 99, 100.
---- ---- R W, 114, 115, 119.
---- dyes, 85.
Chloramine yellow, 209.
Chloride of copper, 180.
---- of lime, 37.
---- of soda, 207.
Chlorophenine orange R, 91.
Chocolate brown, 102, 143, 155, 172.
Chromanil black R F, 120.
---- ---- 4 R F, 119.
---- brown 2 G, 119.
Chrome, 157.
Chrome-logwood black, 177.
Chrome mordants, 259.
Chromic acid, 17.
Chromine G, 209.
Chromium chloride, 173.
---- fluoride, 112.
---- mordant, 173.
Chrysamine, 85, 92, 101, 210.
---- G, 91, 93, 113, 114, 146.
---- R, 92.
Chrysoidine, 147, 151, 164, 221, 232, 233.
---- R, 232.
Chrysophenine, 90, 100, 210, 217, 233.
---- G, 114, 119, 232.
Ciliary fibres, 1.
Claret, 89, 146.
---- red, 174.
Clayton yellow, 210.
Cloth-dyeing machine, 76.
Cloth scarlet, 160.
-----washing machine, illustration of, 245, 246, 247.
Cochineal, 156, 259.
Coffee brown, 165.
Collodion, 15.
Colorimetric test for relative value of dyes, 268.
Colouring matter, 3.
---- principle of dye-stuff, 156.
Colour lake, 18.
---- lakes, 156.
Columbia black B, 210, 232.
---- ---- F B, 103, 104, 210, 218.
---- ---- F B B, 105.
---- ---- R, 232, 233.
---- blue G, 224.
---- green, 101, 146.
Columbia orange R, 91, 103, 104.
---- red S, 211.
---- yellow, 91, 115, 209.
Comparative dye testing, 262.
Condensed water, 227.
Congo blue 2 B, 95.
---- brown, 210.
---- ---- G, 210, 217, 218.
---- Corinth, 232.
---- ---- B, 99, 209, 211.
---- ---- G. 89, 211, 217, 224.
---- dyes, 18, 85, 208, 225.
---- orange G, 210.
---- ---- R, 92, 210.
---- R, 210.
---- red, 85, 107, 128.
---- rubine, 89.
Continuous dyeing machine, 79.
Cop dyeing, 64.
Cop-dyeing machine, Beaumont's, 67.
---- ---- Graemiger, 65, 66.
---- ---- Mommer's, 69.
---- ---- Young & Crippin, 68.
Copper acetate, 177.
---- logwood black, 177.
---- nitrate, 177.
---- soda solution, 180.
---- sulphate, 112, 164, 166, 177, 181.
Copperas, 147, 164, 165, 166, 167, 172, 175, 178, 181, 200.
Cornflower blue, 218, 233.
Corron's hank-dyeing machine, 63.
Cotton bleaching, 23.
---- brown A, 231.
---- ---- 91, 100, 101, 103, 106, 132, 137, 138, 144, 228.
---- dyeing, 18.
---- fibre, 2.
---- ---- illustration of, 5.
---- ---- impurities of, 3.
---- ---- structure of, 4.
---- ---- structure and chemistry of, 1.
---- fibres, composition of, 5.
---- ---- production of colour direct on, 181.
---- scouring, 23.
Cotton-silk fabrics, dyeing of, 225.
Cotton wax, 3.
---- yellow, 100, 210.
Coupling process, 139.
Cream, 91.
Cresyl blue, 229.
-- fast violet 2 RN, 232.
-- violet, 229.
Crimson, 130, 135, 151, 155, 217, 219, 230.
-- red, 88, 130.
Croceine AZ, 223.
-- orange, 128, 211.
-- scarlet, 128, 160.
Cross-dye black, 79, 107, 121.
-- -- B, 123.
-- -- 2B, 120.
-- drab, 93, 121, 126.
Cross dyeing, 220.
Curcumeine, extra, 211, 218, 224.
Curcumine, 209, 217.
-- S, 103, 104, 223.
Curcuphenine, 90.
Cutch, 147, 156, 164, 165, 166, 167, 178, 181, 186.
Cuticle fibres, 1.
Cyanole extra, 221, 222, 223, 229, 231, 232, 233, 237.
D.
Damages in bleached goods, 50.
Dark blue, 95, 96, 97, 98, 115, 116, 136, 139, 142, 153, 154, 155,
215, 216, 217, 218, 219.
-- -- and green shot dyes, 237.
-- -- and olive shot dyes, 238.
-- bronze, 115.
-- brown, 180, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219, 230, 231.
-- -- and blue shot, 222.
-- -- olive, 165, 166.
-- chestnut, 104.
-- -- brown, 101, 103, 117, 119.
-- cream, 231.
-- crimson, 136, 231.
-- drab, 102, 126, 233.
-- green, 93, 94, 113, 115, 127, 142, 144, 146, 151, 153,
214, 217, 219, 230.
-- grey, 119, 120, 154, 215, 218, 232.
-- lilac, 146.
-- maroon, 89, 135.
-- navy, 95, 97, 98, 115, 126, 137.
-- olive, 92, 127, 164.
-- -- brown, 118.
-- orange, 91.
-- plum, 87, 99, 116, 138, 166.
-- red, 88, 113.
-- Russian green, 232.
-- sage, 127, 216.
-- scarlet, 153, 155.
-- sea green, 94, 214, 232.
-- slate, 106, 214.
-- stone, 214.
-- turquoise blue, 116.
-- violet, 156.
-- walnut, 216.
-- -- brown, 103.
-- yellow, 90.
"Dead" cotton fibres, 4.
Deep black, 104.
-- blue, 97, 126.
-- brown, 104, 118, 231.
-- chestnut brown, 102, 136.
-- crimson, 89, 232.
-- green, 94.
-- leaf green, 233.
-- olive brown, 180.
-- orange, 92, 135, 214, 230.
-- -- yellow, 230.
-- pink, 88.
-- rose, 230, 233.
Delahunty's dyeing machine, 57, 58.
Delta purpurine, 107.
-- -- 5 B, 210.
Developing, 131.
--machine for paranitroaniline red, 194.
Diamine azo blue, 2 B, 233.
-- -- -- R, 145.
-- -- -- 2 R, 237, 238.
-- -- -- RR, 136, 137.
-- black B, 227, 232.
-- -- B H. 104, 106, 118, 136, 137, 138, 210, 215, 216, 237.
-- -- B O, 92, 100, 139, 210.
-- -- H W, 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, 102, 103, 104, 130, 132, 209, 214, 215,
228, 230, 231, 233.
-- -- R O, 87, 92, 93, 95, 100, 101, 104, 106, 138, 139, 146, 210, 228.
-- blue, 112. 132.
-- -- 2 B, 210.
-- -- 3 B, 92, 98, 210, 227.
-- -- B B, 227.
-- -- B G, 96, 210, 228.
-- -- B X, 102, 209, 210, 228.
-- -- C B, 228.
-- -- G, 209.
Diamine blue 3 R, 95, 100, 115, 116, 117, 119, 210, 228.
-- -- R W, 95, 98, 113, 114, 117, 120, 209, 210, 228, 230.
-- -- black E, 97, 210, 228.
-- -- -- R, 102.
-- Bordeaux, 87.
-- -- B, 89, 210, 215, 216, 228.
-- -- S, 210, 228, 231, 233.
-- brilliant blue G, 96, 99, 115, 145, 210, 215, 216, 223, 227.
-- bronze G, 91, 93, 100, 106, 114, 115, 118, 139, 144, 210, 214,
228, 231, 232, 233.
-- brown, 112, 132.
-- -- B, 209, 228.
-- -- G, 104, 119, 209, 210.
-- -- 3 G, 209, 228, 230.
-- -- M, 90, 95, 102, 104, 118, 119, 138, 216, 217, 228, 231, 232.
-- -- N, 209, 217, 231, 233.
-- -- S, 210.
-- -- V, 92, 98, 138, 143, 144, 210, 228, 233.
-- -- Y, 92.
-- catechine B, 101, 102, 103, 114, 117, 210, 216.
-- -- G, 89, 94, 101, 102, 103, 113, 117, 209, 210.
-- colours, 227.
-- cutch, 130, 132, 136, 137, 138.
-- dark blue B, 114, 116, 118, 120, 209, 210, 216, 217, 228, 231, 233.
-- -- green N, 93.
-- deep black Cr, 96.
-- -- -- RB, 104.
-- dyes, 18, 85, 208, 225.
-- fast red, F, 87, 89, 90, 113, 118, 209, 228, 230.
-- -- yellow A, 90, 92, 114, 115, 116, 136, 137, 143, 144, 210, 213, 223,
227, 232, 233, 235, 237, 238.
-- -- -- B, 89, 91, 92, 94, 97, 98, 113, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 138, 209,
214, 215, 216, 223, 228, 231, 232.
-- gold, 100, 210, 213, 228, 230, 231, 232.
-- green B, 93, 97, 115, 146, 209, 214, 228, 230, 235.
-- -- G, 94, 209, 210, 228.
-- grey G, 106, 143, 228, 232.
-- jet black, 139.
-- -- -- Cr, 105, 118, 120, 121.
-- -- -- O O, 144.
-- -- -- R B, 105, 120.
-- new blue R, 98, 116, 120, 210.
-- nitrazol black B, 143, 144.
-- -- brown B, 143, 210.
-- -- -- G, 143, 210.
-- -- dye, 139.
-- orange, 132.
-- -- B, 89, 92, 114, 117, 118, 119, 120, 209, 215, 216, 217, 228, 230.
-- -- D, 210.
-- -- D C, 223, 227, 231, 233, 237, 238.
-- -- F, 209.
-- -- G, 91, 102, 210, 214, 215, 221, 222, 231.
-- -- G D, 104.
-- -- G G, 227, 233.
-- red, 107.
-- -- B, 210.
-- -- 4 B, 209.
-- -- 5 B, 88, 89, 103, 209, 215, 228.
-- -- 6 B, 209.
-- -- 10 B, 88, 89, 146, 209, 230.
-- -- N, 87.
-- -- N O, 210.
-- rose, 223.
-- -- B D, 88, 209, 215, 228, 230, 233.
-- -- G D, 99.
-- scarlet, 107.
-- -- B, 91, 106, 210, 215, 228.
-- -- 3 B, 88, 210, 228.
-- -- H S, 230.
-- -- S, 228.
-- sky blue, 94, 97, 98, 145, 210, 215, 222, 237, 238.
-- -- -- F F, 94, 96, 98, 114, 115, 210, 222, 223, 227, 232.
-- steel blue L, 96, 210, 214, 222, 228.
-- violet N, 87, 99, 100, 145, 146, 210, 223, 228, 231, 238.
-- yellow, 92.
-- yellow N, 90, 92, 93, 100, 113, 228, 230.
Diamineral blue R, 95, 116, 227, 238.
Diaminogene, 234, 235.
-- B, 138, 228, 234, 235.
-- blue B B, 136, 138.
-- extra, 143, 228, 234, 235.
Dianil black C R, 97, 119, 142.
-- -- N, 118, 120, 121.
-- blue B, 94, 97, 98, 116, 142.
-- -- G, 98, 113.
-- -- 2 K, 94.
-- -- 4 R, 99, 116.
-- brown B D, 119, 142.
-- -- G 0, 142.
-- -- 3 G O, 103, 118, 119, 142, 143.
-- -- R, 102, 103, 118, 119, 142.
-- -- T, 102.
-- claret B, 89, 99, 145.
-- -- G, 89.
-- dark blue R, 94, 95, 97, 116, 142, 143.
-- -- -- 3 R, 97, 142.
-- -- brown, 103.
-- olive, 93.
-- orange G, 89, 92.
-- -- 2 R, 92.
-- red 4 B, 89, 145.
-- scarlet G, 145.
-- yellow, 94.
-- -- G, 91, 98.
-- -- 3 G, 91, 94, 113.
-- -- R, 94, 113.
-- -- 2 R, 91.
Dianisidine blue, 197.
Diazo-benzene chloride, 181.
Diazo black. 132, 139.
-- blue, 132.
-- brown, 130, 139.
-- compounds, 181.
-- liquor, 190.
Diazotisation, 129.
-- of amido bases, 182.
Diazotised paranitroaniline, 140.
_Dictionary of Coal-tar Colours_, 259.
Dinitroso-resorcine, 179.
Diphenyl brown B N, 103.
Direct deep black E extra, 104.
Direct dyeing, 85.
-- dyes, 83.
-- -- fastness of, 106.
-- fast brown B, 144.
-- indigo blue, 98.
-- orange R, 210.
-- red, test of, 265.
-- triamine black G X, 104.
-- yellow G, 90, 106, 210.
Divi-divi, 147, 148, 239.
Drab, 93, 165, 216, 218, 219, 231.
Drying cylinders, 255.
-- of dyed goods, 249.
Dull lilac, 99.
-- violet, 100.
Dye-beck, 77.
Dye-house washing machine, 244, 246.
Dyeing apparatus, 263.
-- of basic dyes, 149.
-- machinery, 53, 57.
-- on metallic mordants, 156.
-- test for relative value of dyes, 267.
Dye-jigger, 72, 73.
Dyers' bleach, 24.
Dye-tank, illustration of, 54.
Dye-tub, illustration of, 54.
Dye-vat, section of, 56.
E.
Eboli blue B, 231.
-- green T, 230.
Emerald tint, 154.
Eosine, 84, 229.
Eosines, dyeing with, 158, 159.
Erie blue B X, 97.
-- -- 2 G, 210.
Erika B, 87.
-- B N, 99, 100, 210, 224.
Erythrosine, 229.
-- B, 238.
Erythrosines, 160.
Experimental dye-bath, 263.
-- dyeing, 262.
F.
Farmer's washing machine, 36.
Fast acid green, 229.
-- -- -- B N, 222.
-- blue developer A D, 133.
-- brown, 164.
-- neutral violet B, 154,
-- yellow S, 223, 237, 238.
Fastness of colours, 260.
-- of colours to light and air, 260
-- of colours to rubbing, 261.
-- of colours to washing, 261.
-- of direct dyes, 106.
Fatty acids, 3.
Fawn, 165.
-- brown, 167.
-- drab, 100, 216.
Fiery yellowish red, 186.
First green liquor, 168.
Fixation, 149.
-- with couplers, 139.
-- -- developers, 128.
-- -- metallic salts, 112.
Flavo-purpurine, 171.
Formyl blue B, 211.
-- violet, 84, 229, 233.
-- -- 6 B, 211.
-- -- 10 B, 211.
-- -- S 4 B, 211, 214, 215, 216, 222, 231, 237, 238.
Full blue, 43, 97.
-- yellow orange, 186.
Furnival's Square beater, 30.
Fustic, 156, 157, 166, 178, 259.
-- extract, 164, 165, 166, 167, 175, 176, 181.
G.
Gallipoli oil, 168.
Galls, 147, 148.
Gambier, 147.
Glauber's salt, 83, 108, 111, 209, 214, 215, 221, 222, 223,
225, 231, 234, 237.
Glycerine, 180.
Gold and green shot dyes, 221.
-- brown, 100, 101, 102, 103, 138, 142, 143, 153, 216, 230.
-- -- and blue shot, 222.
-- drab, 232.
-- orange, 214.
-- yellow, 91, 113, 130, 142, 230.
Good yellow, 213.
Graemiger cop-dyeing machine, 65, 66.
Grass green, 93.
Green, 92, 93, 94, 114, 130, 143, 145, 151, 180, 215.
-- and buff shot, 223.
-- and claret shot, 222.
-- and pink shot dyes, 238.
-- and orange shot, 224.
-- and red shot, 223, 224.
-- blue, 98.
-- grey, 106, 120.
-- olive, 92.
-- yellow, 91.
Greening operation, 168.
Grey, 106, 120, 153, 219.
-- and orange shot, 223.
-- blue, 96.
-- lilac, 99, 153.
-- slate, 166.
-- sour operation, 32.
Grothe, 252.
Ground fustic, 166.
Guinea green B, 211, 218, 224.
-- violet B, 224.
-- -- 4 B, 211, 218.
Gum tragacanth, 192.
Gun cotton, 13.
H.
Half-silk fabrics, dyeing of, 225.
Hand dyeing, 53.
Hank bleaching, 45.
Hank-dyeing machine. Corron's, 63.
-- -- Klauder-Weldon's, 61, 62.
Hank-wringing machines, 241.
Havanna brown, 166.
Hawking machine, Holliday's, 78.
Hawthorne's washing machine, 36.
Heliotrope, 99, 233.
-- B B, 90, 146.
-- 2 B, 99, 233.
Hessian brown 2 M, 98.
-- -- 2 B N, 100, 231.
-- grey S, 231.
-- purple N, 230.
-- violet, 211.
Hoffman violet, 152.
Holliday, 182.
Holliday's hawking machine, 78.
-- yarn-dyeing machine, 60.
Hurst's _Silk Dyeing_, 225.
Hydrocellulose, 12.
Hydrochloric acid, 177, 183, 184, 190.
-- -- action of, 11.
Hydro-extractors, 251, 252.
Hydrosulphite indigo vat, 204.
I.
Immedial black, 107, 121.
-- blacks, 79.
-- blue, 121.
-- -- C, 125.
Immedial bronze A, 128.
-- -- B, 128.
-- brown, 121.
Impregnation with dye-stuff solution, 198.
Indamine blue N, 154.
Indazine, 229.
Indian yellow G, 211, 213, 214, 216, 217, 222, 229, 231.
-- -- R, 211, 213, 214, 229, 231, 232.
Indigo, 18, 20, 198.
-- blue, 152, 154.
-- -- N, 229, 233.
-- -- S G N, 229.
-- carmine, 165.
-- dyed goods, test of, 258.
-- dyeing, 199.
-- dye-vat for cloth, 199.
-- extract, 84, 167.
-- white, 200.
Indigotin, 198.
Indophenol, 205.
Induline, 229.
Irisamine G, 152, 153.
Iron, 157.
-- liquor, 172, 175, 176, 180.
-- mordants, 259.
-- stains, 50.
-- sulphate, 112.
J.
Janus black I, 219.
-- -- II, 219.
-- blue G, 155.
-- -- R, 155, 219.
-- brown B, 156, 219.
-- -- R, 219, 220.
-- claret red B, 156, 219.
-- dark blue B, 219.
-- dyes, 155, 218.
-- green B, 155, 219, 220.
-- grey B, 156.
-- -- BB, 219, 220.
-- red B, 155, 219.
-- yellow G, 219.
-- -- R, 155, 156, 219, 220.
Jet black, 121.
Jigger, 72.
Jig-wince, 74, 75.
K.
Katigen black, 121.
-- brown, 107, 121.
-- dark brown, 128.
-- green, 121.
-- olive G, 127.
Khaki, 180.
-- shades, 248.
Kiers, 30.
Klauder-Weldon hank-dyeing machine, 61, 62.
L.
Lanacyl blue B B, 211.
-- violet B, 211, 217.
Leaf green, 94, 113, 114, 231.
Lehner's process for making silk, 15.
Lemon yellow, 91.
Leuco, 198.
Light blue, 115, 138.
-- brown, 101, 103, 117.
-- chestnut brown, 137.
-- green, 114, 143.
-- grey, 106.
-- indigo blue, 96.
-- plum, 99.
-- sage brown, 118.
-- seal brown, 102.
-- slate, 106.
Lilac, 98, 99.
-- red, 87.
-- rose, 233.
Lima wood, 178, 179.
Lime, 169, 202.
-- and copperas vat for indigo dyeing, 200.
-- boil for cotton, 28.
-- sour operation, 32.
Logwood, 18, 84, 156, 157, 165, 167, 234, 259.
-- black, 79, 174.
-- -- dyeing on yarn in hanks, 175.
-- decoction, 177.
-- dyed goods, test of, 258.
-- extract, 164, 175, 176, 181.
-- greys, 178.
Loose wool and cotton, washing of, 244.
Lye boil operation. 34.
M.
Machinery for dyeing, 53, 57.
Madder, 157.
-- bleach, 24.
Magenta, 18, 147, 153, 229, 231, 232, 233.
Malachite green, 146, 152, 153, 229, 232.
Mandarine G, 211, 217, 218, 224.
Market bleach, 24, 38, 39.
Maroon, 89, 138, 153, 215, 233.
Mather & Platt's apparatus, 207.
-- -- bleaching kier, 30, 31.
-- -- machine, 246.
-- -- washing machine, 36.
-- -- yarn-bleaching kier, 49.
Mercerisation of cotton, 8.
Mercerised cotton fibres, illustrations of, 7, 9.
Mercer, John, 8, 21.
Metallic mordants, 156.
Metanitroaniline, 185, 186, 187, 188.
-- orange, 195.
Metaphenylene blue, 229.
-- -- B, 154, 233.
Methylene blue, 17.
-- -- B B, 153.
-- -- 2 B, 153.
-- -- N, 232.
-- grey B F, 153.
Methylindone B, 229, 231.
-- R, 229.
Methyl violet, 18, 229.
-- -- B, 146, 151, 231.
-- -- 2 B, 146.
-- -- R, 146.
-- -- 3R, 146.
-- -- 4R, 152.
Mikado brown, 227.
-- -- 2 B, 238.
-- -- 3 G O, 230.
-- -- M, 103, 230, 232.
-- dyes, 18.
-- golden yellow 8 G, 230, 231.
-- orange, 227.
-- -- G, 91.
-- -- 4 R, 91, 102.
-- -- R O, 232.
-- -- 3 R O, 231.
-- -- 4 R O, 218, 224.
-- -- 5 R O, 230, 238.
-- yellow, 227.
-- -- G, 230.
Milk of lime, 28, 175.
Milling orange, 229.
-- yellow, 229.
Mimosa, 209.
Mixed cotton and wool fabrics, dyeing of, 208.
Mommer's cop-dyeing machine, 69.
Mordant dyes, 84.
Mordants, 156.
-- detection of, 259.
Moss brown, 143, 232.
Muslin bleaching, 41.
Myrabolam, 147, 148, 239.
-- extract, 175, 176.
N.
Naphthol, 184.
-- -azo-benzene, 181.
-- black, 128.
-- -- B, 223.
-- -- 3 B, 222.
-- blue black, 211, 214, 215, 216, 217, 222, 234.
-- -- G, 211, 222.
-- -- R, 211.
-- colours, 182.
-- D, 192.
-- X, 192.
-- yellow S, 229, 238, 278.
Naphthylamine, 13, 132, 133, 184.
-- black, 235.
-- -- 4 B, 211.
-- -- 6 B, 211, 217.
-- -- D, 211.
-- ether, 130.
Naphtindone B B, 153.
Navy, 97, 98, 154.
-- blue, 96, 214, 216, 217.
Neutral grey, 132.
-- -- G, 99, 106.
-- violet, 229.
New blue D, 229.
-- methylene blue, 234, 235.
-- -- -- G G, 238.
-- -- -- M, 232.
-- -- -- N, 126, 145, 154, 229, 231, 233.
-- -- -- N X, 154.
-- -- -- R, 153, 154, 233.
-- -- -- 3 R, 145, 153.
-- -- grey B, 153.
-- -- -- G, 154.
-- phosphine G. 153, 154, 229, 232.
-- Victoria blue B, 146, 151, 152.
Nigraniline, 206.
Nigrosine, 229.
Nitrate of copper, 177.
-- of iron, 166, 175.
Nitrazol C, 139, 141, 193.
Nitric acid, action of, on cotton, 12.
Nitrite of soda, 183.
Nitro-aniline, 183.
Nitro-benzene, 13.
Nitro-naphthalene, 13.
Nitro-para-toluidine, 185, 187, 188.
Nitrosamine, 193.
-- red, 195.
Nitroso-resorcine, 18.
Nitrous acid, 184.
Nut brown, 103, 118, 119, 218, 219.
O.
Oak bark, 147.
Obermaier machine, 57, 59.
Oil stains, 50.
Old gold, 90, 232.
Olive, 92, 93, 127, 143, 164.
-- and blue shot dyes, 238.
-- brown, 143, 154.
-- green, 114, 142, 144, 153.
-- oil, 170.
-- yellow, 91.
Orange, 84, 91, 113, 130, 137, 151, 153, 154, 155, 215, 217.
-- and blue shot, 224, 238.
-- and violet shot, 223, 238.
-- brown, 102.
-- E N Z, 211, 214, 217, 222.
-- extra, 211, 223, 232.
-- G G, 221, 222, 231, 232, 233, 238.
-- T A, 218.
-- yellow, 143, 186.
Orthoamidoazotoluol, 186, 187, 188.
Orthonitrotoluidine, 196.
Oxidising agents, action of, on cotton, 16.
Oxycellulose, 16.
Oxydiamine black A, 97, 105, 209.
-- -- B M, 209, 215, 216, 217.
-- -- D, 209, 228, 233, 234.
-- -- M, 209.
-- -- N, 91, 97.
-- -- N R, 105.
-- -- S O O O, 210, 228, 231, 233.
-- orange G, 104, 209.
-- -- R, 92, 104, 143, 144, 209.
-- red S, 209.
-- violet B, 99, 100, 210, 214, 228, 230, 231, 233.
-- -- G, 99, 100.
-- yellow G G, 94, 146, 209.
Oxydianil yellow, 143.
Oxymuriate of tin, 166.
Oxyphenine, 91, 102, 209.
P.
Padding machine, 80, 81, 193, 221.
Pale blue, 95, 97.
-- brown, 102, 119, 122, 128, 164, 180.
-- chamois, 166.
-- chestnut, 143.
-- drab, 233.
-- fawn brown, 119, 130.
-- -- red, 89.
-- gold yellow, 213.
-- green, 94, 151.
-- greenish grey, 120.
-- leaf green, 113.
-- lilac, 99.
-- nut brown, 102.
-- olive brown, 100.
-- -- green, 113.
-- orange, 91, 92, 135.
-- sage, 144.
-- -- green, 217.
-- salmon, 87.
-- sea green, 127, 232.
-- sky blue, 95.
-- walnut brown, 104.
Palm oil soap, 169.
Paramine blue B, 96.
-- -- black S, 96.
-- brown C, 117.
-- -- G, 101.
-- indigo blue, 96.
-- navy blue R, 96.
Paranitroaniline, 185, 186, 187, 188, 190.
-- brown, 196.
-- red, 186, 188, 189.
-- -- dyed cotton, 196.
-- -- dye-tub, 191.
-- -- on piece goods, 192.
-- -- on yarn, 189.
-- -- with azophor red P N, 195.
-- -- with nitrazol C, 195.
Paratoluidine, 186, 187, 188.
Parchment paper, 11.
Paris violet, 152.
Patent blue, 84.
Peach wood, 178.
Peacock green, 214, 216.
Pea green, 114, 233.
Pectic acid, 3.
Permanganate of potash, 17.
Persian berries, 156, 178, 179.
Phenetidine, 183.
Phenol, 130, 132, 133, 181.
Phenylene diamine, 130, 132, 134, 235, 237.
Phosphate of soda, 86, 90, 91, 168, 170, 180, 225.
Piece-dyeing machines, 71.
Piece goods, drying of, 256.
-- -- washing of, 244.
-- -- wringing of, 241.
Pink, 87, 88, 89, 152, 215.
Plate singeing, 27.
Plum, 99, 145, 146, 215.
Pluto black B, 108, 144.
Ponceau B, 164.
-- 3 R B, 211, 217.
Potash, 86.
Primrose, 91, 154.
Primuline, 130, 131, 132, 135, 136, 138, 142, 143, 144, 209.
Production of colour direct on cotton fibres, 181.
Prussiate black, 207.
Pure blue, 238.
-- soluble blue, 237.
Purple brown, 100.
Purpuramine, D H, 107.
Pyrolignite of iron, 172.
Pyroxyline, 13.
Q.
Quercitron, 156, 178, 179.
-- bark, 178.
-- extract, 164, 165.
Quicklime, 200.
R.
Rayer & Lincoln machine, 26.
Read Holliday's squeezing machine, 241.
Red, 136, 187.
-- brown, 100, 135.
-- chocolate, 119.
-- developer C, 192.
-- drab, 165.
-- lilac, 100.
-- liquor, 165, 166, 169, 170, 176,
-- orange, 91.
-- plum, 117, 214.
-- violet, 99, 116, 152, 155, 156.
Reddish brown, 102.
-- puce, 187.
Reseda, 93.
-- green, 167.
Resin boil, 35.
-- soap liquor, 35.
Resorcine, 130, 132, 133, 235.
-- green, 156.
Rhodamine, 229, 231.
-- B, 153, 233.
-- G, 152.
-- 6 G, 152.
-- S, 237.
Rhoduline violet, 151.
Rocceleine, 211.
Roller squeezing machines for yarn, 241.
Rose azurine B, 87.
-- G, 87, 90.
-- bengale, 229.
-- lilac, 145, 151.
-- pink, 87.
-- red, 88, 89.
Rosophenine, 5 B, 88.
Russia green, 92, 113, 143, 153.
S.
Safranine, 18, 146, 153, 221, 229, 231, 233.
-- G, 146.
-- prima, 153.
-- S, 155.
Sage, 214.
-- brown, 104, 119, 135, 144, 218.
-- green, 93, 180, 230.
St. Dennis black, 121.
Saline salts, quantity used, 108.
Salmon, 89.
Salt, 165.
Satin fabrics, dyeing of, 225.
Scarlet, 88, 89, 135, 145, 146, 152, 153, 155, 215, 217, 230.
-- R, 220.
Schaeffer's acid, 134.
Scouring cotton, 23.
Sea green, 94, 151.
Seal brown, 146.
Seed hairs, 1.
Shot effects, 220.
-- on satin, dyeing of, 235.
-- with black cotton warp, 236.
Silver grey, 106.
Singeing of cotton, 27.
-- wash of cotton, 28.
Sky blue, 95, 98, 151, 215.
Slate, 106, 218, 231, 233.
-- blue, 97, 120, 152, 216.
-- green, 218.
Sliver dyeing, 58.
Slubbing dyeing, 58.
Soap, 165.
-- effect on dye-stuffs, 226.
Soaping of dyed goods, 247.
Soda, 86, 132, 178.
-- ash, 34, 166.
-- crystals, 169.
-- lye, 202, 235.
-- zinc vat for indigo dyeing, 204.
Sodium acetate, 196.
-- bichromate, 164.
-- nitrite solution, 196, 198.
-- stannate, preparing with, 158.
Solid blue, 229.
-- green, 229.
-- O, 179, 180.
Solidogen A, 145.
Soluble blue, 150, 160, 229.
Spencer's hank-wringing machine, 241.
Squeezing rollers, 240.
Stains in bleached goods, 50.
Steam aniline black, 207.
-- -- blacks, 248.
Steaming and ageing chamber, 250.
-- cottage, illustration of, 249.
-- of dyed goods, 248.
Stearic acid, 3.
Stitching of cotton, 25.
Stone, 218.
Structure of cotton fibre, 1.
Sulfaniline black, 121.
-- -- G, 124.
-- brown, 121.
-- -- 4 B, 127.
Sulphate of copper, 177.
-- of iron, 167.
Sulphonates, 182.
Sulphon azurine B, 210, 217, 218.
-- D, 93.
Sulphur colours, 121.
Sulphuric acid, 166.
-- action of, on cotton, 10.
Sulphyl colours, 121.
Sumac, 83, 147, 148, 165, 166, 167, 172, 173, 178, 239.
-- extract, 169, 175, 219, 220.
Sun yellow, 90.
T.
Tannic acid, 18, 20, 83, 147, 172.
-- mordant, dyeing on, 147.
Tannin, 173, 174, 236.
-- grounding, 173.
-- heliotrope, 145, 153, 229.
-- orange R, 154, 155, 229.
Tanning, 148.
Tartar emetic, 147, 192, 219, 220.
Tartaric acid, 180.
Temperature of dye-baths, 226.
Terra-cotta brown, 143.
-- red, 90, 143.
Testing of the colour of dyed fabrics, 257.
Thiazole yellow, 93, 94, 209.
Thiocarmine R, 84, 211, 214.
Thioflavine S, 94, 104, 106, 209, 213, 215, 222, 223, 228, 229.
-- T, 153, 154, 229, 231, 232.
Tin crystals, 147, 169, 179.
-- oxide, fixing, 158.
Titan blue, 210, 211.
-- -- 3 B, 93, 102, 164.
-- -- R, 102.
-- brown O, 210.
-- -- P, 164.
-- -- R, 102, 210.
-- -- Y, 161, 210.
-- colours, 227.
-- como G, 95.
-- -- S N, 98.
-- dyes, 18, 85.
-- gold, 101, 102.
-- ingrain blue, 135, 136, 142.
-- marine blue, 211.
-- navy R, 98.
-- orange, 88.
-- -- N, 95.
-- pink, 210.
-- red, 107.
-- scarlet C, 88.
-- -- D, 88.
-- -- S, 209.
-- yellow, 210.
-- -- G, 145.
-- -- G G, 90.
Titan yellow Y, 90, 92, 93, 164.
Toluidine, 185, 187, 188.
-- orange, 196.
Toluylene brown, 139.
-- diamine, 134.
-- orange, 139.
-- --G, 90, 91, 100.
-- --K, 100.
Topping, 140.
-- with acid and basic dye-stuffs, 228.
-- with basic dyes, 145.
Triamine black, 132.
-- -- B, 96, 137.
-- -- B T, 98.
Tropæoline O, 229.
-- O O, 211, 229.
Truck yarn-dyer, 254, 255.
Turkey red, 87, 167, 181.
-- -- bleach, 38, 39.
-- -- oil, 88, 90, 95, 96, 160, 170, 171, 172, 173, 180, 189, 192, 196.
Turmeric, 165, 166, 167.
Turquoise blue, 98, 116, 151, 155, 232.
-- -- G, 146, 151, 152.
U.
Union black B, 209, 214.
-- -- S, 209, 214, 215, 216, 217, 228, 234.
-- blue B B, 209.
V.
Valonia, 147.
Verdigris, 177.
Victoria blue, 150.
-- -- B, 151, 152.
Vidal black, 107, 121, 123.
-- blacks, 79.
Violet, 99, 100, 146, 154, 230.
-- and yellow shot dyes, 238.
-- blue, 97.
W.
Walnut brown, 102, 119, 138, 142, 219, 233.
Warp bleaching, 43.
Warp-dyeing machines, 69, 70, 71.
Washing after dyeing, 239.
Washing and soaping vats, illustration of, 248.
-- of cotton in bleaching, 36.
-- operations after dyeing, 242.
Water blue, 229.
-- of condition, 6.
-- volume used in dyeing, 107.
White indigo, 198.
-- liquor treatment, 168.
-- sour operation, 38.
Whizzing, 45.
Willesden waterproof cloths, 22.
Wince dye beck, 74.
Witz, George, 17.
Wool black 6 B, 211, 217, 218, 223, 224.
-- green, 84.
Worral's singeing machine, 27.
Wringing of dyed goods, 239.
Y.
Yarn bleaching, 43.
-- -washing machine, illustration of, 243.
Yarns in cop form, washing of, 244.
-- in hanks, washing of, 244.
-- in hanks, wringing of, 240.
Yellow, 90, 91, 113, 151.
-- and violet shot dyes, 237.
-- olive, 91.
Yellowish claret red, 187.
Young & Crippin's cop-dyeing machine, 68.
Z.
Zambesi black, 132.
-- -- B, 210, 218.
-- -- B R, 97.
-- -- D, 103, 104, 218.
-- -- F, 115, 119, 210.
-- blue, 130,
-- -- B X, 136.
-- -- R X, 217, 218.
-- brown, 130.
-- -- G, 210.
-- -- 2 G, 136, 210.
-- dyes, 85, 208.
Zinc and lime vat for indigo dyeing, 201.
-- bisulphite indigo vat, 203.
-- chloride, 20.
-- sulphate, 112.
* * * * *
THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED.
SEPTEMBER, 1901.
_This Catalogue cancels all former editions._
The Publishers seek to issue thoroughly helpful works. These books in
every instance will, they believe, be found of good value. Employers
will do well to place copies of these books in the hands of the bright
and promising young men in their employ, in order the better to equip
them to become increasingly useful as employees. A workman who uses his
brains must be preferable to one who does not _think_ about his work.
Brains require stimulus. These books provide that stimulus.
A Catalogue
OF
Special Technical Works
FOR
MANUFACTURERS, PROFESSIONAL MEN, STUDENTS,
COLLEGES AND TECHNICAL SCHOOLS
BY EXPERT WRITERS
FOR THE
OIL, PAINT, COLOUR VARNISH, SOAP, CHEMICAL,
TEXTILE, LEATHER, PAPER, COLLIERY, POTTERY,
GLASS, PLUMBING AND DECORATING TRADES
AND SCIENTIFIC PROFESSIONS.
PUBLISHED BY
=SCOTT, GREENWOOD & CO.,=
PUBLISHERS OF TECHNICAL BOOKS,
=19 LUDGATE HILL, LONDON, E.C.
Tel. Address: "PRINTERIES, LONDON". Tel. No. 5403, Bank.=
N.B.--_Full Particulars of Contents of any of the following books
sent post free on application._
=Messrs. Scott, Greenwood &. Co. are open to make offers
for the publication of technical works.=
* * * * *
Books on Oils, Soaps, Colours, Chemicals, Glue, Varnishes, etc.
THE PRACTICAL COMPOUNDING OF OILS, TALLOW AND GREASE FOR LUBRICATION,
ETC.
By AN EXPERT OIL REFINER. 100 pp. 1898. Demy 8vo. Price 7s. 6d.; India
and Colonies, 8s.; Other Countries, 8s. 6d.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Chapters I., Introductory Remarks on the General Nomenclature of Oils,
Tallow and Greases suitable for Lubrication.--II., Hydrocarbon
Oils.--III., Animal and Fish Oils.--IV., Compound Oils.--V., Vegetable
Oils.--VI., Lamp Oils.--VII., Engine Tallow, Solidified Oils and
Petroleum Jelly.--VIII., Machinery Greases: Loco and
Anti-friction.--IX., Clarifying and Utilisation of Waste Fats, Oils,
Tank Bottoms, Drainings of Barrels and Drums, Pickings Up, Dregs,
etc.--X., The Fixing and Cleaning of Oil Tanks, etc.--Appendix and
General Information.
=Press Opinions.=
"This work is written from the standpoint of the oil trade, but its
perusal will be found very useful by users of machinery and all who
have to do with lubricants in any way."--_Colliery Guardian._
"The properties of the different grades of mineral oil and of the
animal and vegetable non-drying oils are carefully described, and
the author justly insists that the peculiarities of the machinery
on which the lubricants are to be employed must be considered
almost before everything else.... The chapters on grease and
solidified oils, etc., are excellent."--_The Ironmonger._
* * * * *
SOAPS. A Practical Manual of the Manufacture of Domestic, Toilet and
other Soaps. By GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. Illustrated with Sixty-six
Engravings. 390 pp. 1898. Price 12s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 13s. 6d.;
Other Countries, 15s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Chapters I., Introductory.--II., Soap-maker's Alkalies.--III., Soap Fats
and Oils.--IV., Perfumes.--V., Water as a Soap Material.--VI., Soap
Machinery.--VII., Technology of Soap-making.--VIII., Glycerine in Soap
Lyes.--IX., Laying out a Soap Factory.--X., Soap Analysis.--Appendices.
=Press Opinions.=
"We think it is the most practical book on these subjects that has
come to us from England so far."--_American Soap Journal._
"Much useful information is conveyed in a convenient and
trustworthy manner which will appeal to practical
soap-makers."--_Chemical Trade Journal._
"Works that deal with manufacturing processes, and applied
chemistry in particular, are always welcome. Especially is this the
case when the material presented is so up-to-date as we find it
here."--_Bradford Observer._
"The best and most reliable methods of analysis are fully
discussed, and form a valuable source of reference to any works'
chemist.... Our verdict is a capitally produced book, and one that
is badly needed."--_Birmingham Post._
* * * * *
ANIMAL FATS AND OILS: Their Practical Production, Purification and Uses
for a great Variety of Purposes. Their Properties, Falsification and
Examination. A Handbook for Manufacturers of Oil and Fat Products, Soap
and Candle Makers, Agriculturists, Tanners, Margarine Manufacturers,
etc., etc. By LOUIS EDGAR ANDÉS. Sixty-two Illustrations. 240 pp. 1898.
Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 11s.; Other Countries,
12s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Introduction. Occurrence, Origin, Properties and Chemical Constitution
of Animal Fats Preparation of Animal Fats and Oils. Machinery.
Tallow-melting Plant. Extraction Plant. Presses. Filtering Apparatus.
Butter: Raw Material and Preparation, Properties, Adulterations. Beef
Lard or Remelted Butter, Testing. Candle-fish Oil. Mutton-Tallow. Hare
Fat. Goose Fat. Neatsfoot Oil. Bone Fat: Bone Boiling, Steaming Bones,.
Extraction, Refining. Bone Oil. Artificial Butter: Oleomargarine,
Margarine Manufacture in France, Grasso's Process, "Kaiser's Butter,"
Jahr & Münzberg's Method, Filbert's Process, Winter's Method. Human Fat.
Horse Fat. Beef Marrow. Turtle Oil. Hog's Lard: Raw Material,
Preparation, Properties, Adulterations, Examination. Lard Oil. Fish
Oils. Liver Oils. Artificial Train Oil. Wool Fat: Properties, Purified
Wool Fat. Spermaceti: Examination of Fats and Oils in General.
=Press Opinions.=
"The descriptions of technical processes are clear, and the book is
well illustrated and should prove useful."--_Manchester Guardian._
"It is a valuable work, not only for the student, but also for the
practical manufacturer of oil and fat products."--_Journal of the
American Chemical Society._
"The work is very fully illustrated, and the style throughout is in
strong contrast to that employed in many such treatises, being
simple and clear."--_Shoe and Leather Record._
"An important handbook for the 'fat industry,' now a large one. The
explanation of the most scientific processes of production lose
nothing of their clearness in the translation."--_Newcastle
Chronicle._
"The latest and most improved forms of machinery are in all cases
indicated, and the many advances which have been made during the
past years in the methods of producing the more common animal
fats--lard, tallow and butter--receive due attention."--_Glasgow
Herald._
* * * * *
=VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS:= Their Practical Preparation, Purification and
Employment for Various Purposes, their Properties, Adulteration and
Examination. A Handbook for Oil Manufacturers and Refiners, Candle, Soap
and Lubricating Oil Makers, and the Oil and Fat Industry in General.
Translated from the German of LOUIS EDGAR ANDÉS. 94 Illustrations. 320
pp. 1897. Demy 8vo. Price 10s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 11s.; Other
Countries, 12s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Statistical Data. General Properties of the Vegetable Fats and Oils.
Estimation of the Amount of Oil in Seeds. Table of Vegetable Fats and
Oils, with French and German Nomenclature, Source and Origin and
Percentage of Fat in the Plants from which they are Derived. The
Preparation of Vegetable Fats and Oils: Storing Oil Seeds: Cleaning the
Seed. Apparatus for Grinding Oil Seeds and Fruits. Installation of Oil
and Fat Works. Extraction Method of Obtaining Oils and Fats. Oil
Extraction Installations, Press Moulds, Non-drying Vegetable Oils.
Vegetable drying Oils. Solid Vegetable Fats. Fruits Yielding Oils and
Fats. Wool-softening Oils. Soluble Oils. Treatment of the Oil after
Leaving the Press. Improved Methods of Refining with Sulphuric Acid and
Zinc Oxide or Lead Oxide. Refining with Caustic Alkalies, Ammonia,
Carbonates of the Alkalies, Lime. Bleaching Fats and Oils. Practical
Experiments on the Treatment of Oils with regard to Refining and
Bleaching. Testing Oils and Fats.
=Press Opinions.=
"Concerning that and all else within the wide and comprehensive
connection involved, this book must be invaluable to every one
directly or indirectly interested in the matters it treats
of."--_Commerce._
"The proprietors of the _Oil and Colourman's Journal_ have not only
placed a valuable and highly interesting book of reference in the
hands of the fats and oils industry in general, but have rendered
no slight service to experimental and manufacturing
chemists."--_Manufacturing Chemist._
* * * * *
=IRON-CORROSION, ANTI-FOULING AND ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS.= By LOUIS EDGAR
ANDÉS. 62 Illustrations. 275 pp. Translated from the German. Demy 8vo.
1900. Price 10s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 11s.; Other Countries, 12s.;
strictly net.
=Contents.=
Ironrust and its Formation--Protection from Rusting by Paint--Grounding
the Iron with Linseed Oil, etc.--Testing Paints--Use of Tar for Painting
on Iron--Anti-corrosive Paints--Linseed Varnish--Chinese Wood Oil--Lead
Pigments--Iron Pigments--Artificial Iron Oxides--Carbon--Preparation of
Anti-corrosive Paints--Results of Examination of Several Anti-corrosive
Paints--Paints for Ship's Bottoms--Anti-fouling Compositions--Various
Anti-corrosive and Ship's Paints--Official Standard Specifications for
Ironwork Paints--Index.
=Press Opinions.=
"This is a very valuable book, translated from the German,
discussing in detail anti-fouling and anti-corrosive
paints."--_British Mercury._
"Will be of great service to paint manufacturers, engineering
contractors, ironfounders, shipbuilders and others."--_Engineer and
Iron Trades Advertiser._
"The book before us deals with the subject in a manner at once
practical and scientific, and is well worthy of the attention of
all builders, architects and engineers."--_The Builder._
"The book is very readable and full of valuable information, and
bearing in mind the importance of the subject treated, it is one
which engineers will be well advised to procure at an early
date."--_Railway Engineer._
"The author goes fully into his subject, and the translator has
been successful in reproducing in another language what he has to
say. There are given in the text numerous illustrations of the
rusting of iron, prepared in the course of a series of personal
experiments on the formation of rust."--_Journal of Gas Lighting._
"This work is a very elaborate and useful record of the various
phenomena in connection with the corrosion of iron and its
protection against corrosion.... The book is an exceedingly useful
record of what has been done in connection with iron preservation,
and will undoubtedly prove to be of much value to railway
engineers, shipowners, etc."--_Fairplay._
"Herr Andés' book, written purely from a scientific standpoint,
will be particularly useful to iron manufacturers, shipbuilders and
shipowners.... The book is beautifully printed on good paper, and
its appearance does credit to the publishers; the work of
translation has been remarkably well done, the language bearing
none of those irritating traces of Teutonism which disfigure so
many English versions of German technical works."--_The
Ironmonger._
"This knowledge is conveyed with characteristic German thoroughness
in this useful work of Herr Andés, which loses nothing of clearness
in Mr. Salter's excellent translation. The causes of rust formation
are examined, the proper methods of cleansing the ironwork
detailed, and the constitution and application of suitable
preventative coverings explained.... The book is a welcome
contribution to technological literature, and will be found worthy
of the careful study of all who are professionally engaged in the
arrangement or superintendence of the class of work dealt
with."--_Western Daily Mercury._
"The author explains the nature of rust and its formation, and the
text is illustrated from about fifty photographs. An immense amount
of carefully arranged information follows as to the best methods of
applying anti-corrosive substances and the various pigments most
efficacious for use under all circumstances. The author has
evidently thoroughly investigated and mastered the subject of iron
corrosion, its cause and its prevention; and we regard his book as
of the greatest importance to bridge-builders and makers and users
of structural iron and steel. The book is illustrated throughout
and is admirably indexed and arranged."--_Iron and Steel Trades
Journal._
* * * * *
=THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM AND THE SULPHATES AND OTHER SALTS OF ALUMINA
AND IRON.= Their Uses and Applications as Mordants in Dyeing and Calico
Printing, and their other Applications in the Arts, Manufactures,
Sanitary Engineering, Agriculture and Horticulture. Translated from the
French of LUCIEN GESCHWIND. 195 Illustrations. Nearly 400 pp. Royal 8vo.
1901. Price 12s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 13s. 6d.; Other Countries,
15s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Part I., =Theoretical Study of Aluminium, Iron, and Compounds of these
Metals.=--Chapters I., Aluminium and its Compounds.--II., Iron and Iron
Compounds.
Part II., =Manufacture of Aluminium Sulphates and Sulphates of
Iron.=--Chapters III., Manufacture of Aluminium Sulphate and the
Alums.--IV., Manufacture of Sulphates of Iron.
Part III., =Uses of the Sulphates of Aluminium and Iron.=--Chapters V.,
Uses of Aluminium Sulphate and Alums--Application to Wool and
Silk--Preparing and using Aluminium Acetates--Employment of Aluminium
Sulphate in Carbonising Wool--The Manufacture of Lake
Pigments--Manufacture of Prussian Blue--Hide and Leather Industry--Paper
Making--Hardening Plaster--Lime Washes--Preparation of Non-inflammable
Wood, etc.--Purification of Waste Waters.--VI., =Uses and Applications
of Ferrous Sulphate and Ferric Sulphates.=--Dyeing--Manufacture of
Pigments--Writing Inks--Purification of Lighting
Gas--Agriculture--Cotton Dyeing--Disinfectant--Purifying Waste
Liquors--Manufacture of Nordhausen Sulphuric Acid--Fertilising.
Part IV., =Chemical Characteristics of Iron and Aluminium.=--=Analysis
of Various Aluminous or Ferruginous Products.=--Chapter VII.,
Aluminium.--=Analysing Aluminium Products.=--Alunite Alumina--Sodium
Aluminate--Aluminium Sulphate. Chapter VIII., =Iron.=--Analytical
Characteristics of Iron Salts--Analysis of Pyritic Lignite--Ferrous and
Ferric Sulphates--Rouil Mordant--Index.
* * * * *
=MANUAL OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY.= By HERBERT INGLE, F.I.C., Lecturer
on Agricultural Chemistry, the Yorkshire College; Lecturer in the
Victoria University. [_In the press._
=Contents.=
Chapters I., Introduction.--II., The Atmosphere.--III., The Soil.--IV.,
The Reactions occurring in Soils.--V., The Analysis of Soils.--VI.,
Manures, Natural.--VII., Manures (continued).--VIII., The Analysis of
Manures.--IX., The Constituents of Plants.--X., The Plant.--XI,
Crops.--XII., The Animal.
* * * * *
=LUBRICATING OILS, FATS AND GREASES:= Their Origin, Preparation,
Properties, Uses and Analyses. A Handbook for Oil Manufacturers,
Refiners and Merchants, and the Oil and Fat Industry in General. By
GEORGE H. HURST, F.C.S. Second Edition. Sixty-five Illustrations. 313
pp. Demy 8vo. 1901. Price 10s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 11s.; Other
Countries, 12s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Chapters I., =Introductory.= Oils and Fats, Fatty Oils and Fats,
Hydrocarbon Oils, Uses of Oils.--II., =Hydrocarbon Oils.= Distillation,
Simple Distillation, Destructive Distillation, Products of Distillation,
Hydrocarbons, Paraffins, Olefins, Napthenes.--III., =Scotch Shale Oils.=
Scotch Shales, Distillation of Scotch Oils, Shale Retorts, Products of
Distilling Shales.
Separating Products, Treating Crude Shale Oil, Refining Shale Oil, Shale
Oil Stills, Shale Naphtha Burning Oils, Lubricating Oils, Wax.--IV.,
=Petroleum.= Occurrence, Geology, Origin, Composition, Extraction,
Refining, Petroleum Stills, Petroleum Products, Cylinder Oils, Russian
Petroleum, Deblooming Mineral Oils.--V., =Vegetable and Animal Oils.=
Introduction, Chemical Composition of Oils and Fats, Fatty Acids,
Glycerine, Extraction of Animal and Vegetable Fats and Oils, Animal
Oils, Vegetable Oils, Rendering, Pressing, Refining, Bleaching, Tallow,
Tallow Oil, Lard Oil, Neatsfoot Oil, Palm Oil, Palm Nut Oil, Cocoa-nut
Oil, Castor Oil, Olive Oil, Rape and Colza Oils, Arachis Oil, Niger Seed
Oil, Sperm Oils, Whale Oil, Seal Oil, Brown Oils, Lardine, Thickened
Rape Oil.--VI., =Testing and Adulteration of Oils.= Specific Gravity,
Alkali Tests, Sulphuric Acid Tests, Free Acids in Oils, Viscosity Tests,
Flash and Fire Tests, Evaporation Tests, Iodine and Bromide Tests,
Elaidin Test, Melting Point of Fat, Testing Machines.--VII.,
=Lubricating Greases.= Rosin Oil, Anthracene Oil, Making Greases,
Testing and Analysis of Greases.--VIII., =Lubrication.= Friction and
Lubrication, Lubricant, Lubrication of Ordinary Machinery, Spontaneous
Combustion of Oils, Stainless Oils, Lubrication of Engine Cylinders,
Cylinder Oils.--=Appendices.= A. Table of Baume's Hydrometer--B. Table
of Thermometric Degrees--C. Table of Specific Gravities of
Oils--=Index.=
=Press Opinions.=
"The book is well printed, and is a credit alike to author, printer
and publisher."--_Textile Mercury._
"It will be a valuable addition to the technical library of every
steam user's establishment." --_Machinery Market._
"Mr. Hurst has in this work supplied a practical treatise which
should prove of especial value to oil dealers, and also, though in
a less degree, to oil users."--_Textile Manufacturer._
"This is a clear and concise treatment of the method of
manufacturing and refining lubricating oils.... The book is one
which is well worthy the attention of readers who are users of
oil."--_Textile Recorder._
"We have no hesitation in saying that in our opinion this book
ought to be very useful to all those who are interested in oils,
whether as manufacturers or users of lubricants, or to those
chemists or engineers whose duty it may be to report upon the
suitability of the same for any particular class of
work."--_Engineer._
"The author is widely known and highly respected as an authority on
the chemistry of oils and the technics of lubrication, and it is
safe to say that no work of similar interest or equal value to the
general oil-selling and consuming public has heretofore appeared in
the English language."--_Drugs, Oils and Paints,_ U.S.A.
"This valuable and useful work, which is both scientific and
practical, has been written with a view of supplying those who deal
in and use oils, etc., for the purpose of lubrication, with some
information respecting the special properties of the various
products which cause these various oils to be of value as
lubricants."--_Industries and Iron._
"A mere glance at the table of contents is sufficient to show how
various are the conditions to which these materials have to be
applied, how much knowledge is required for the selection of the
right kind for each particular purpose, and how by processes of
mixture or manufacture the requisite qualities are obtained in each
case."--_Manchester Guardian._
* * * * *
=AMMONIA AND ITS COMPOUNDS:= Their Manufacture and Uses. By CAMILLE
VINCENT, Professor at the Central School of Arts and Manufactures,
Paris. Translated from the French by M. J. SALTER. Royal 8vo. 113 pp.
1901. Thirty-two Illustrations. Price 5s.; India and Colonies, 5s. 6d.;
Other Countries, 6s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Chapters I., =General Considerations=: Sections 1. Various Sources of
Ammoniacal Products; 2. Human Urine as a Source of Ammonia. II.,
=Extraction of Ammoniacal Products from Sewage=: Sections 1.
Preliminary Treatment of Excreta in the Settling Tanks--The Lencauchez
Process, The Bilange Process, The Kuentz Process; 2. Treatment of the
Clarified Liquors for the Manufacture of Ammonium Sulphate--The Figuera
Process and Apparatus, Apparatus of Margueritte and Sourdeval, The Lair
Apparatus, Apparatus of Sintier and Muhe, Apparatus of Bilange, The
Kuentz Process, Process and Apparatus of Hennebutte and De Vauréal; 3.
Treatment of Entire Sewage--Chevalet's Apparatus, Paul Mallet's
Apparatus, Lencauchez's Apparatus. III., =Extraction of Ammonia from Gas
Liquor=: Sections 1. Clarification of Gas Liquor; 2. Manufacture of
Ammonium Sulphate--A. Mallet's Apparatus, A. Mallet's Modified
Apparatus, Paul Mallet's Apparatus, Chevalet's Apparatus, Grüneberg's
Apparatus; 3. Concentration of Gas Liquor--Solvay's Apparatus, Kuentz's
Apparatus, Grüneberg's Apparatus. IV., Manufacture of Ammoniacal
Compounds from Bones, Nitrogenous Waste, Beetroot Wash and Peat=:
Sections 1. Ammonia from Bones: 2. Ammonia from Nitrogenous Waste
Materials; 3. Ammonia from Beetroot Wash (Vinasse): 4. Ammonia from
Peat--Treatment of the Ammoniacal Liquors. V., =Manufacture of Caustic
Ammonia, and Ammonium Chloride, Phosphate and Carbonate=: Sections 1.
Manufacture of Caustic Ammonia; 2. Manufacture of Ammonium
Chloride--From Fermented Urine, Process of the Lesage Company, Kuentz's
Process; From Gas Liquor, English Process, Kuentz's Process; From the
Dry Distillation of Animal Matter; From Ammonium Sulphate, Sublimation;
3. Ammonium Phosphates; 4. Carbonates of Ammonium--Sesquicarbonate from
Animal Matter, English Process. Uses. VI., =Recovery of Ammonia from the
Ammonia-Soda Mother Liquors=: Sections 1. General Considerations; 2.
Apparatus of Schloesing and Rolland; 3. Apparatus of the Société Anonyme
de l'Est.--=Index.=
* * * * *
=THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES, OIL REFINING AND BOILING, AND KINDRED
INDUSTRIES.= Describing the Manufacture of Spirit Varnishes and Oil
Varnishes; Raw Materials: Resins, Solvents and Colouring Principles;
Drying Oils: their Properties, Applications and Preparation by both Hot
and Cold Processes; Manufacture, Employment and Testing of Different
Varnishes. Translated from the French of ACH. LIVACHE, Ingénieur Civil
des Mines. Greatly Extended and Adapted to English Practice, with
numerous Original Recipes. By JOHN GEDDES MCINTOSH, Lecturer on Oils,
Colours and Varnishes, Regent Street Polytechnic. Twenty-seven
Illustrations. 400 pp. Demy 8vo. 1899. Price 12s. 6d.; India and
Colonies, 13s. 6d.; Other Countries, 15s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
I. Resins: Gum Resins, Oleo Resins and Balsams, Commercial Varieties,
Source, Collection, Characteristics, Chemical Properties, Physical
Properties, Hardness, Adulterations. Appropriate Solvents, Special
Treatment, Special Use.--II. Solvents: Natural, Artificial, Manufacture,
Storage, Special Use.--III. Colouring: Principles, (1) Vegetable, (2)
Coal Tar, (3) Coloured Resinates, (4) Coloured Oleates and
Linoleates.--Gum Running: Furnaces, Bridges, Flues, Chimney Shafts,
Melting Pots, Condensers, Boiling or Mixing Pans, Copper Vessels, Iron
Vessels (Cast), Iron Vessels (Wrought), Iron Vessels (Silvered), Iron
Vessels (Enamelled), Steam Superheated Plant, Hot-air Plant.--Spirit
Varnish Manufacture: Cold Solution Plant, Mechanical Agitators, Hot
Solution Plant, Jacketted Pans, Mechanical Agitators, Clarification and
Filtration, Bleaching Plant, Storage Plant.--Manufacture,
Characteristics and Uses of the Spirit Varnishes yielded by: Amber,
Copal, Dammar, Shellac, Mastic, Sandarac, Rosin, Asphalt, India Rubber,
Gutta Percha, Collodion, Celluloid, Resinates, Oleates.--Manufacture of
Varnish Stains.--Manufacture of Lacquers.--Manufacture of Spirit
Enamels.--Analysis of Spirit Varnishes.--Physical and Chemical Constants
of Resins. --Table of Solubility of Resins in different
Menstrua.--Systematic qualitative Analysis of Resins, Hirschop's
tables.--Drying Oils: Oil Crushing Plant, Oil Extraction Plant,
Individual Oils, Special Treatment of Linseed Oil, Poppyseed Oil, Walnut
Oil, Hempseed Oil, Llamantia Oil, Japanese Wood Oil, Gurjun Balsam,
Climatic Influence on Seed and Oil.--Oil Refining: Processes, Thenard's,
Liebig's, Filtration, Storage, Old Tanked Oil.--Oil Boiling: Fire
Boiling Plant, Steam Boiling Plant, Hot-Air Plant, Air Pumps, Mechanical
Agitators, Vincent's Process, Hadfield's Patent, Storer's Patent,
Walton's Processes, Continental Processes, Pale Boiled Oil, Double
Boiled Oil, Hartley and Blenkinsop's Process.--Driers: Manufacture,
Special Individual Use of (1) Litharge, (2) Sugar of Lead, (3) Red Lead,
(4) Lead Borate, (5) Lead Linoleate, (6) Lead Resinate, (7) Black Oxide
of Manganese, (8) Manganese Acetate, (9) Manganese Borate, (10)
Manganese Resinate, (II) Manganese Linoleate, Mixed Resinates and
Linoleates, Manganese and Lead, Zinc Sulphate, Terebine, Liquid
Driers.--Solidified Boiled Oil.--Manufacture of Linoleum.--Manufacture
of India Rubber Substitutes.--Printing Ink Manufacture--Lithographic Ink
Manufacture.--Manufacture of Oil Varnishes.--Running and Special
Treatment of Amber, Copal, Kauri, Manilla.--Addition of Oil to
Resin.--Addition of Resin to Oil.--Mixed Processes.--Solution in Cold of
previously Fused Resin.--Dissolving Resins in Oil, etc., under
pressure.--Filtration.--Clarification.--Storage.--Ageing.--Coach-makers'
Varnishes and Japans.--Oak Varnishes.--Japanners' Stoving
Varnishes.--Japanners' Gold Size.--Brunswick Black.--Various Oil
Varnishes.--Oil-Varnish Stains.--Varnishes for "Enamels".-India Rubber
Varnishes.--Varnishes Analysis: Processes, Matching.--Faults in
Varnishes: Cause, Prevention.--Experiments and Exercises.
=Press Opinions.=
"There is no question that this is a useful book."--_Chemist and
Druggist._
"The different formulæ which are quoted appear to be far more
'practical' than such as are usually to be found in text-books: and
assuming that the original was published two or three years ago,
and was only slightly behindhand in its information, the present
volume gives a fair insight into the position of the varnish
industry."--_The Ironmonger._
=Letter from the Teacher of a Technical Class.=
"As a teacher I have often been consulted as to the best work on
Varnish Manufacture and kindred industries, and have been at a loss
in recommending a really practical one. It is therefore with
pleasure that I can now testify as to the merits of the book on
these subjects by A. Livache and J.G. McIntosh recently published
by Messrs. Scott, Greenwood & Co. In my opinion _no_ varnish maker
ought to be without it; moreover, it is the best text-book that
could be put into the hands of trade students or beginners. It has
also the merits of being thoroughly up-to-date and of possessing a
remarkably comprehensive index. I can conscientiously recommend it
to my students and trade friends."--CHARLES HARRISON, Lecturer on
the Manufacture of Painters' Oils, Colours and Varnishes, Borough
Polytechnic, Borough Road, S.E.
"23rd May, 1899"
* * * * *
=THE MANUFACTURE OF LAKE PIGMENTS FROM ARTIFICIAL COLOURS.= By FRANCIS
H. JENNISON, F.I.C., F.C.S. =Sixteen Coloured Plates, showing Specimens
of Eighty-nine Colours, specially prepared from the Recipes given in the
Book.= 136 pp. Demy 8vo. 1900. Price 7s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 8s.;
Other Countries, 8s. 6d.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Chapters I., Introduction.--II., The Groups of the Artificial Colouring
Matters.--III., The Nature and Manipulation of Artificial Colours.--IV.,
Lake-forming Bodies for Acid Colours. --V., Lake-forming Bodies' Basic
Colours.--VI., Lake Bases.--VII., The Principles of Lake
Formation.--VIII., Red Lakes.--IX., Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Violet
and Black Lakes. --X., The Production of Insoluble Azo Colours in the
Form of Pigments.--XI., The General Properties of Lakes Produced from
Artificial Colours.--XII., Washing, Filtering and Finishing. --XIII.,
Matching and Testing Lake Pigments.--Index.
=Press Opinions.=
"It is evidently the result of prolonged research, and cannot but
prove a valuable consulting work to those engaged in the
industry."--_Derby Mercury._
"The practical portion of the volume is the one which will
especially commend itself, as that is the part of the subject which
most readers would buy the book for."--_Chemist and_ _Druggist._
"This work just issued is a very valuable treatise on the
manufacture of lake pigments of the coal-tar series principally. The
plan adopted by the author in writing up the subject enables the
manufacture to be very readily understood.... The general properties
of lakes produced from artificial colours, washing, filtering and
finishing, and matching and testing lake pigments are well and
exhaustively described, so that no manufacturer or user of lake
pigments can well afford to be without this work."--_Chemical Trade
Journal._
"This is undoubtedly a book which will occupy a very high place
amongst technical works, and will prove of exceptional value to all
whom it immediately concerns. We have no hesitation in recommending
it as one of the best works of its class we have ever read. Mr.
Jennison has set about his task with a lucid style, and with a
complete mastery of his subject. .. We do not think students of the
technical side of the paint and colour industry can possibly spend
7s. 6d. in a more profitable way than by buying this
publication."--_Eastern_ _Morning News._
* * * * *
=THE TESTING AND VALUATION OF RAW MATERIALS USED IN PAINT AND COLOUR
MANUFACTURE.= By M.W. JONES, F.C.S. A Book for the Laboratories of
Colour Works. 88 pp. Crown 8vo. 1900. Price 5s.; India and Colonies, 5s.
6d.; Other Countries, 6s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Aluminium Compounds. China Clay. Iron Compounds. Potassium Compounds.
Sodium Compounds. Ammonium Hydrate. Acids. Chromium Compounds. Tin
Compounds. Copper Compounds. Lead Compounds. Zinc Compounds. Manganese
Compounds. Arsenic Compounds. Antimony Compounds. Calcium Compounds.
Barium Compounds. Cadmium Compounds. Mercury Compounds. Ultramarine.
Cobalt and Carbon Compounds. Oils Index.
=Press Opinions.=
"Though this excellent little work can appeal only to a limited
class, the chemists in colour works, yet it will appeal to them very
strongly indeed, for it will put them on the track of short, rapid,
and yet approximately, accurate methods of testing the comparative
value of competing samples of raw material used in paint and colour
manufacture."--_North British_ _Daily Mail._
"This little text-book is intended to supplement the larger and more
comprehensive works on the subject, and it embodies the result of
Mr. Jones' experiments and experiences, extending over a long
period. It gives, under separate headings, the principal ingredients
and impurities found in the raw materials, and is a handy work of
reference for ascertaining what is valuable or detrimental in the
sample under examination."--_Blackburn Times._
"There is no attempt at literary adornment nor straining after
literary effect, but the lessons are imparted in simple and concise
language. This is just what a text-book should be.... The treatise
is certainly most useful, and bears internal evidence of being the
results of actual work in a busy manufactory and not of ephemeral
cramming in a technical school. The chapter arrangement is good, the
index satisfactory, and the book is altogether one which the
practical chemist should keep as accessible to his crucibles and
filter paper."--_Manchester_ _Courier._
* * * * *
=THE CHEMISTRY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AND ARTIFICIAL PERFUMES.= By ERNEST J.
PARRY, B.SC. (Lond.), F.I.C., F.C.S. Illustrated with Twenty Engravings.
400 pp. 1899. Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 13s. 6d.;
Other Countries, 15s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=
Chapters I., =The General Properties of Essential Oils.=--II.,
=Compounds occurring in Essential Oils.=--III., =The Preparation of
Essential Oils.=--IV., =The Analysis of Essential Oils.=--V.,
=Systematic Study of the Essential Oils.=--VI., =Terpeneless
Oils.=--VII., =The Chemistry of Artificial Perfumes.=--=Appendix:= Table
of Constants.
=Press Opinions.=
"There can be no doubt that the publication will take a high place
in the list of scientific text-books."--_London Argus_
"We can heartily recommend this volume to all interested in the
subject of essential oils from the scientific or the commercial
standpoint."--_British and Colonial Druggist._
"Mr. Parry has done good service in carefully collecting and
marshalling the results of the numerous researches published in
various parts of the world."--_Pharmaceutical Journal._
"At various times monographs have been printed by individual
workers, but it may safely be said that Mr. Parry is the first in
these latter days to deal with the subject in an adequate manner.
His book is well conceived and well written.... He is known to have
sound practical experience in analytical methods, and he has
apparently taken pains to make himself _au fait_ with the
commercial aspects of the subject."--_Chemist and Druggist._
"Mr. Parry's reputation as a scientist is fully established, and we
can therefore accept any work emanating from his pen as being of
the greatest practical value. We have perused the work before us
with much care, and are convinced that the contents will be found
most serviceable and its publication most opportune.... He avoids
unnecessary details, but includes everything that is essential to
systematic treatment, while he attempts no more 'than to give an
outline of the principles involved'.... We congratulate Mr. Parry
on the scientific value of his work, and hope that if the progress
of the colonies in the manufacture of essential oils and perfumes
equals what we are justified in expecting, it will become an
Australian handbook, everywhere appreciated."--_The Australian
Brewers' Journal._
* * * * *
=DRYING OILS, BOILED OIL AND SOLID AND LIQUID DRIERS.= By L.E. ANDÉS. A
Practical Work for Manufacturers of Oils, Varnishes, Printing Inks,
Oilcloth and Linoleum, Oilcakes, Paints, etc. Expressly Written for this
Series of Special Technical Books, and the Publishers hold the Copyright
for English and Foreign Editions. Forty-two Illustrations. 360 pp. 1901.
Demy 8vo. Price 12s. 6d.; India and Colonies, 13s. 6d.; Other Countries,
15s.; strictly net.
=Contents.=