Invatamintului_, Bucharest, August 28, 1968. (JPRS: 46,589,
Series No. 32, 1968.)
"New Stage in General Education Discussed," _Revista de
Pedagogu_, Bucharest, September 1969. (JPRS: 49,412, Series
No. 162, 1969.)
"Organization, Operation of the Department of Cults," _Buletinul
Oficial al Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, August
15, 1970. (JPRS: 51,850, Series No. 289, 1970.)
"Political Education at Universities, Examined," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, January 29, 1969. (JPRS: 47,585, Series No. 75,
1969.)
"Position of First Deputy Minister of Education Established,"
_Buletinul Oficial al Republicii Socialiste Romania_,
Bucharest, August 4, 1971. (JPRS: 54,004, Series No. 409,
1971.)
"Program for the Advanced Training of Teachers Explained,"
_Scinteia Tineretului_, Bucharest, January 11, 1971. (JPRS:
52,487, Series No 318, 1971.)
"Proper Training of Teachers Stressed," _Scinteia_, Bucharest,
January 24, 1969. (JPRS: 47,598, Series No. 76, 1969.)
"Reorganization of Ministry of Education," _Buletinul Oficial al
Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, January 14, 1969.
(JPRS: 47,598, Series No. 76, 1969.)
"Role of Intelligentsia in Socialist Society," _Lupta de Clasa_,
Bucharest, April 1971. (JPRS: 53,730, Series No. 393, 1971.)
"Role of Science Education in Economic Development," _Probleme
Economice_, Bucharest, April 1971. (JPRS: 53,289, Series No.
364, 1971.)
"Role of Technical Schools in Preparing Labor Force,"
_Invatamintul Professional si Technic_, Bucharest, June 1970.
(JPRS: 52,243, Series No. 249, 1970.)
"Romania Starts 10-Year Compulsory Education," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, June 4, 1969. (JPRS: 48,448, Series No. 115, 1969.)
"Rumanian Education Growth, Improvement Noted," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, September 16, 1968. (JPRS: 46,737, Series No. 37,
1968.)
"School-Workshops Planned for General and Secondary Education,"
_Scinteia_, Bucharest, August 10, 1971. (JPRS: 53,970, Series
No. 408, 1971.)
"Shortcomings in Workers' Universities Examined," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, September 17, 1968. (JPRS: 46,697, Series No. 36,
1968.)
"Social Mobility, Stratification, Examined," _Lupta de Clasa_,
Bucharest, October 1970. (JPRS: 52,070, Series No. 298, 1970.)
"Social Responsibility of Schools Stressed," _Scinteia
Tineretului_, Bucharest, January 11, 1971. (JPRS: 52,487,
Series No. 318, 1971.)
"Special Secondary Schools Train for Jobs," _Lupta de Clasa_,
Bucharest, February 1971. (JPRS: 50,552, Series No. 216,
1970.)
"A Study of Rumanian Family Life, I, II," _Munca_, Bucharest,
August 29, 1967. (JPRS: 42,826, Series No. 427, 1967.)
"A Study of Rumanian Family Life, III, IV, V," _Munca_,
Bucharest, September 9, 1967. (JPRS: 42,881, Series No. 473,
1967.)
"Training of Labor Force, Vocational Guidance of Youth," _Lupta
de Clasa_, Bucharest, December 1970. (JPRS: 52,420, Series No.
315, 1971.)
"Unity of Rumanians and Ethnic Minorities Stressed," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, November 6, 1968. (JPRS: 47,118, Series No. 51,
1968.)
"Working Class Role in Modern Romania Sketched," _Probleme
Economice_, Bucharest, December 1969. (JPRS: 49,942, Series
No. 188, 1970.)
U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of
Education. _Education in the Rumanian People's Republic_ by
Randolph L. Braham. (Bulletin OE-14087, I, pp 1-229.) Washington:
GPO, 1964.
U.S. Department of State. Bureau of Public Affairs. _Background Notes:
Socialist Republic of Romania._ (Department of State Publication
7890.) Washington: GPO, 1970.
Vali, F.A. "Transylvania and the Hungarian Minority," _Journal of
International Affairs_, XX, No. 1, 1966, 32-44.
Wardle, Irving. "Rumanian Theatre Plays Vital Part in Daily Life,"
_New York Times_, June 12, 1971, 18.
Warnstrom, Bennett. "With TV Camera Through Rumania," _East Europe_,
XVIII, No. 10, October 1969, 11-16.
"Wheeling and Dealing in Rumania," _Newsweek_, LXXVII, No. 14, April
5, 1971, 39.
Wolff, Robert L. _The Balkans in Our Time._ Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1956.
_World Population Data Sheet, 1970._ Washington: Population Reference
Bureau, 1970.
"Writer's Block," _Newsweek_, March 2, 1970, 38-43.
Section II. POLITICAL
Andrews, Colman Robert. "The Rumanian Film Today," _East Europe_,
XVIII, Nos. 8-9, August-September 1969, 21-24.
_Anuarul Statistic al Republicii Socialiste Romania, 1970_
(Statistical Yearbook of the Socialist Republic of Romania, 1970).
Bucharest: Directia Centrala de Statistica, 1970.
Bromke, Adam (ed.). _The Communist States at the Crossroads._ New
York: Praeger, 1965.
Brown, J.F. "Rumania Today I: Towards Integration," _Problems of
Communism_, XVIII, No. 1, January-February 1969, 8-17.
----. "Rumania Today II: The Strategy of Defiance," _Problems of
Communism_, XVIII, No. 2, March-April 1969, 32-38.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew K. "Communist State Relations: The Effect on
Ideology," _East Europe_, XVI, No. 3, March 1967, 1-5.
Byrnes, Robert F. (ed.) _The United States and Eastern Europe._
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
Ceausescu, Nicolae. "Romania's Foreign Policy," _East Europe_, XX, No.
1, January 1971, 28-34.
Cretzianu, Alexandre (ed.). _Captive Romania._ New York: Praeger,
1956.
Davis, Fitzroy. "East Europe's Film Makers Look West," _East Europe_,
XVII, No. 5, May 1968, 27-31.
_Editor & Publisher International Yearbook, 1970._ New York: Editor &
Publisher, 1970.
Farlow, Robert L. "Romanian Foreign Policy: A Case of Partial
Alignment," _Problems of Communism_, XX, No. 6, November-December
1971, 54-63.
Farrell, R. Barry. _Political Leadership in Eastern Europe and the
Soviet Union._ Chicago: Aldine, 1970.
Fischer-Galati, Stephen. _The Socialist Republic of Rumania._
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1969.
----. _Twentieth Century Rumania._ New York: Columbia University
Press, 1970.
Fischer-Galati, Stephen (ed.). _Romania._ New York: Praeger, 1957.
Griffith, William E. (ed.) _Communism in Europe_, I and II. Cambridge:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1967.
Ionescu, Ghita. _Communism in Rumania 1944-1962._ London: Oxford
University Press, 1964.
Jowitt, Kenneth. "The Romanian Communist Party and the World Socialist
System: A Redefinition of Unity," _World Politics_, XXIII, No. 1,
October 1970, 38-60.
Matley, Ian M. _Romania: A Profile._ New York: Praeger, 1970.
Olson, Kenneth E. _The History Makers._ Baton Rouge: Louisiana State
University Press, 1966.
"Romania." Pages 1068-1092 in _Europa Yearbook, 1971_, I. London:
Europa Publications, 1971.
"Romania." Pages 241-250 in M. Sachs (ed.), _Worldmark Encyclopedia of
the Nations_, V: Europe. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.
Schöpflin, George (ed.). _The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe._ New
York: Praeger, 1970.
Special Operations Research Office. The American University. Pages
1-69 in _Mass Communications in Eastern Europe-Romania_, VII.
Washington: GPO, 1958.
Stanley, Timothy W., and Whitt, Darnell M. _Detente Diplomacy: United
States and European Security in the 1970s._ Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1970.
_The Stateman's Year Book, 1971-1972._ (Ed., J. Paxton.) New York:
Saint Martin's Press, 1971.
_Statistical Pocket Book of the Socialist Republic of Romania, 1970._
Bucharest: Central Statistical Board, 1970.
Stebbins, R., and Amoia, A. _Political Handbook and Atlas of the
World._ New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970.
Steele, Jonathan. "The Maverick of Eastern Europe," _Manchester
Guardian Weekly_ [Manchester, England], CVI, No. 1, January 1, 1972,
6.
----. "Problems of an Old-Style Pedagogue," _Manchester Guardian
Weekly_ [Manchester, England], CVI, No. 1, January 1, 1972, 6.
"Television in Eastern Europe," _East Europe_, XV, No. 4, April 1966,
12-16.
Triska, Jan F. (ed.) _Constitutions of the Communist Party-States._
Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1968.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.
_World Communications._ New York: 1970.
_United Nations Statistical Yearbook._ New York: United Nations
Statistical Office, 1970.
U.S. Congress. 80th, 2d Session. Senate. Committee on Foreign
Relations. _The Warsaw Pact: Its Role in Soviet Bloc Affairs._
Washington: GPO, 1966.
U.S. Congress, 91st, 2d Session. Committee on the Judiciary. _World
Communism, 1967-1969: Soviet Efforts to Re-establish Control._
Washington: GPO, 1970.
U.S. Department of Commerce. Office of Technical Services. Joint
Publications Research Service--JPRS (Washington). The following
items are from the JPRS Series _Translations on Eastern Europe:
Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs_.
"Ceausescu on Film Industry Shortcomings," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, March 7, 1970. (JPRS: 52,712, Series No. 330,
1971.)
"Cultural Responsibility of Editors," _Scinteia_, Bucharest,
August 18, 1971. (JPRS: 54,448, Series No. 437, 1971.)
"Culture, Ideology and Current Events," _Luceafarul_, Bucharest,
May 11, 1968. (JPRS: 45,815, Series No. 9, 1968.)
"Current Publishing System Described," _Carti Noi_, Bucharest,
August 1971. (JPRS: 54,538, Series No. 443, 1971.)
"Democracy Equated with Worker Participation," _Lupta de Clasa_,
Bucharest, May 1971. (JPRS: 53,722, Series No. 391, 1971.)
"Draft Law on Establishing Judicial Commissions," _Romania
Libera_, Bucharest, November 3, 1968. (JPRS: 47,085, Series
No. 54, 1968.)
"Favoritism Hampers Bucharest Film Enterprise," _Munca_,
Bucharest, March 15, 1970. (JPRS: 50,335, Series No. 206,
1970.)
"Fight Against Immoral Foreign Films Urged," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, July 9, 1971. (JPRS: 53,927, Series No. 406, 1971.)
"Judicial Commissions Seen as Development," _Munca_, Bucharest,
November 7, 1968. (JPRS: 47,118, Series No. 55, 1968.)
"Mass and Public Organizations Studied," _Revista Romana de
Drept_, Bucharest, Vol. VI, June 1968. (JPRS: 46,478, Series
No. 30, 1968.)
"Measure Related to Operative of State Committee for Culture and
Art," _Buletinul Oficial al Republicii Socialiste Romania_,
Bucharest, July 24, 1970. (JPRS: 51,561, Series No. 271,
1970.)
"Membership in State Committee for Culture and Art Presented,"
_Buletinul Oficial al Republicii Socialiste Romania_,
Bucharest, July 25, 1970. (JPRS: 51,507, Series No. 269,
1970.)
"Membership of Romanian National Radio-Television Council,"
_Munca_, Bucharest, March 9, 1971. (JPRS: 53,052, Series No.
349, 1971.)
"National Sovereignty, Internationalism Discussed," _Lupta de
Clasa_, Bucharest, Vol. 4, April 1970. (JPRS: 50,631, Series
No. 221, 1970.)
"New Rules Govern State Radio-TV Committee," _Buletinul Oficial
al Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, September 21,
1971. (JPRS: 54,687, Series No. 453, 1971.)
"Organization of Planning Commissions," _Buletinul Oficial al
Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, Part I, No. 87,
July 20, 1970. (JPRS: 51,690, Series No. 280, 1970.)
"Party Initiative in Perfecting Socialist Law," _Munca_,
Bucharest, April 17, 1971. (JPRS: 53,499, Series No. 376,
1971.)
"Party-Minded Principles Govern Ideology," _Lupta de Clasa_,
Bucharest, October 1971. (JPRS: 54,641, Series No. 450, 1971.)
"Popescu Speaks at Party Conference on TV Problems," _Presa
Noastra_, Bucharest, April 1970. (JPRS: 50,854, Series No.
231, 1971.)
"Problems in Publishing Sociopolitical Literature," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, November 30, 1971. (JPRS: 54,835, Series No. 461,
1972.)
"Responsibilities of Editors Outlined," _Scinteia_, Bucharest,
May 16, 1969. (JPRS: 48,291, Series No. 107, 1969.)
"Socialist Unity Front National Council Members," _Romania
Libera_, Bucharest, November 20, 1968. (JPRS: 47,202, Series
No. 59, 1969.)
"Textbook Publication Schedule Lags," _Scinteia_, Bucharest,
January 16, 1971. (JPRS: 52,347, Series No. 311, 1971.)
"Training of Cadres in Local Administration and Economy,"
_Romania Libera_, Bucharest, April 17, 1971. (JPRS: 53,499,
Series No. 376, 1971.)
"Trofin Attacks Radio-TV Producers for Indecent Attitudes,"
_Munca_, Bucharest, August 11, 1971. (JPRS: 53,958, Series No.
407, 1971.)
"Work of Association of Jurists in Developing Socialist
Awareness," _Revista Romana de Drept_, Bucharest, May 1971.
(JPRS: 53,722, Series No. 392, 1971.)
Urbanek, Lida. "Romania." Pages 714-727 in Richard F. Staar (ed.),
_Yearbook on International Communist Affairs, 1969._ Stanford:
Hoover Institution Press, 1970.
----. "Romania." Pages 75-84 in Richard F. Staar (ed.), _Yearbook on
International Communist Affairs, 1970._ Stanford: Hoover Institution
Press, 1971.
Wolfe, Thomas W. _Soviet Power and Europe 1965-1969._ Santa Monica:
Rand Corporation, 1969.
_World of Learning, 1970-1971._ London: Europa Publications, 1970.
_World Radio-TV Handbook, 1971._ (Ed., J.M. Frost.) Hvidovre, Denmark:
World Radio-TV Handbook, 1971.
(Various issues of the following periodicals were also used in the
preparation of this section: _Current History_ [Philadelphia], April
1967; _East Europe_ [New York], January 1967-December 1971;
_Economist-Foreign Report_ [London], August-December 1971;
_Manchester Guardian Weekly_ [Manchester, England], January 1, 1972;
_Newsweek_ [New York], July 20, 1970, and August 9, 1971; _New York
Times,_ November 5, 1971-January 1972; _Washington Post_, October
19-December 27, 1971.)
Section III. NATIONAL SECURITY
Baldwin, Godfrey (ed.). _International Population Reports._ (U.S.
Department of Commerce, Series P-91, No. 18.) Washington: GPO,
1969.
Blumenfeld, Yorick. _Seesaw: Cultural Life in Eastern Europe._ New
York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1968.
Bromke, Adam (ed.). _The Communist States at the Crossroads._ New
York: Praeger, 1965.
Dupuy, T.N. _Almanac of World Military Power._ Dun Loring, Virginia:
T.N. Dupuy Associates, 1970.
Fischer-Galati, Stephen. _The New Rumania._ Cambridge: Massachusetts
Institute of Technology Press, 1967.
Liber, Benzion, M.D. _The New Rumania: Communist Country Revisited
After Sixty Years._ New York: Rational Living, 1958.
Mackintosh, May. _Rumania._ London: Robert Hale, 1963.
_The Military Balance, 1970-1971._ London: Institute for Strategic
Studies, 1970.
"Rumania." Pages 726-746 in _Encyclopaedia Britannica_, XIX. Chicago:
William Benton, 1969.
_Statistical Pocket Book of the Socialist Republic of Romania, 1970._
Bucharest: Central Statistical Board, 1970.
U.S. Department of Commerce. Office of Technical Services. Joint
Publications Research Service--JPRS Series (Washington). The
following items are from the JPRS Series _Translations on Eastern
Europe: Political, Sociological, and Military Affairs_.
"Border Guards Removed from Ministry of Internal Affairs,"
_Buletinul Oficial al Republicii Socialiste Romania_,
Bucharest, September 25, 1971. (JPRS: 54,397, Series No. 429,
1971.)
"Collaboration with Armies of All Socialist Countries
Stressed," _Scinteia_, May 9, 1971. (JPRS: 53,397, Series No.
370, 1971.)
"Decree on Border Protection System Passed," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, November 14, 1969. (JPRS: 49,241, Series No. 156,
1969.)
"Decree Organizes Office of Prosecutor General," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, September 29, 1971. (JPRS: 54,361, Series No. 432,
1971.)
"Draft Law Established Judicial Commissions," _Romania Libera_,
Bucharest, November 3, 1968. (JPRS: 47,085, Series No. 54,
1968.)
"Law Concerning Public Prosecutor's Office Passes," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, December 28, 1968. (JPRS: 47,551, Series No. 73,
1969.)
"Law on Execution of Penalties Adopted," _Buletinul Oficial al
Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, November 18, 1969.
(JPRS: 49,760, Series No. 180, 1970.)
"Law on Police Organization, Functions Adopted," _Buletinul
Oficial al Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, November
18, 1969. (JPRS: 49,760, Series No. 180, 1970.)
"Law Passed on Organization of Court System," _Scinteia_,
Bucharest, December 28, 1968. (JPRS: 47,551, Series No. 73,
1969.)
"Mass and Public Organizations Studied," _Revista Romana de
Drept_, No. 6, Bucharest, June 1968. (JPRS: 46,478, Series No.
30, 1968.)
"New Law on Identification Cards, Moving, Residence," _Romania
Libera_, Bucharest, March 19, 1971. (JPRS: 53,014, Series No.
347, 1971.)
"Provisions of the New Penal Code Explained." _Revista Romana de
Drept_, Bucharest, December 1968. (JPRS: 47,525, Series No.
72, 1969.)
"Rumanian Code of Criminal Procedure," _Buletinul Oficial al
Republicii Socialiste Romania_, Bucharest, November 12, 1968.
(JPRS: 47,556, Series No. 74, 1969.)
"Statute of Union of Communist Youth," _Scinteia Tineretului_,
Bucharest, February 27, 1971. (JPRS: 52,726, Series No. 331,
1971.)
"Supreme Court Chairman Discusses Laws, Freedom," _Scinteia
Tineretului_, Bucharest, February 5, 1971. (JPRS: 52,726,
Series No. 331, 1971.)
"Training Youth for Military Described," _Viata Militara_,
Bucharest, July 1969. (JPRS: 48,913, Series No. 136, 1969.)
"Training Youth for National Defense," _Sport si Technica_,
Bucharest, February 1971. (JPRS: 52,888, Series No. 340,
1971.)
"Warsaw Pact Defends Against Imperialism," _Romania Libera_,
Bucharest, May 7, 1971. (JPRS: 53,454, Series No. 374, 1971.)
Section IV. ECONOMIC
_Anuarul Statistic al Republicii Socialiste Romania, 1970._
(Statistical Yearbook of the Socialist Republic of Romania, 1970).
Bucharest: Directia Centrala de Statistica, 1970.
Montias, John Michael. _Economic Development in Communist Romania._
Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, 1967.
U.S. Congress. 91st, 2d Session. Joint Economic Committee. _Economic
Developments in Countries of Eastern Europe._ Washington: GPO, 1970.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. _The
Agricultural Economy and Trade of Romania._ (ERS-Foreign 320.)
Washington: GPO, 1971.
U.S. Department of Commerce. Office of Technical Services. Joint
Publications Research Service--JPRS Series (Washington). The
following items are from the JPRS Series _Translations on Eastern
Europe: Economic and Scientific Affairs_.
"Activities of Romanian Foreign Trade Banks Noted," _Finante si
Credit_, Bucharest, August 1971. (JPRS: 54,541, Series No.
568, 1971.)
"Antiquated Methods Hinder Conclusion of Economic Contracts,"
_Scinteia_, Bucharest, June 13, 1971. (JPRS: 53,695, Series
No. 506, 1971.)
"Better Use of Economic Potential," _Probleme Economice_,
Bucharest, April 1971. (JPRS: 53,416, Series No. 485, 1971.)
"Development of National Income Discussed," _Probleme
Economice_, Bucharest, April 1971. (JPRS: 53,521, Series No.
491, 1971.)
"Development of Trade with Socialist Countries Detailed," _Viata
Economica_, Bucharest, March 12, 1971. (JPRS: 53,001, Series
No. 459, 1971.)
"Economic Planning Process Described," _Lupta de Clasa_,
Bucharest, July 1971. (JPRS: 53,945, Series No. 524, 1971.)
"Foreign Trade, 1966-1970 Reviewed," _Viata Economica_,
Bucharest, February 12, 1971. (JPRS: 52,736, Series No. 441,
1971.)
"Foreign Trade Reform Analyzed," _Vierteljahresshefte zur
Wirtschaftsvorschung_, West Berlin, July-September 1971.
(JPRS: 54,691, Series No. 580, 1971.)
"Improvement of Wholesale Prices Discussed by Specialists,"
_Viata Economica_, Bucharest, September 11, 1970. (JPRS:
51,680, Series No. 368, 1970.)
"Improvement of Wholesale Price System," _Viata Economica_,
Bucharest, September 18 and 25, 1970; October 2 and 16, 1970.
(JPRS: 52,117, Series No. 398, 1970.)
"Interest Rates in New Credit System," _Viata Economica_,
Bucharest, October 9, 1970. (JPRS: 52,001, Series No. 389,
1970.)
"Local Budgetary Problems, Proposed Measures Cited," _Finante si
Credit_, September 1971. (JPRS: 54,748, Series No. 584, 1971.)
"Manpower Distribution Analyzed," _Revista de Statistica_,
Bucharest, November 1970. (JPRS: 52,236, Series No. 407,
1970.)
"Measures for Increasing Foreign Trade Efficiency," _Gazeta
Finantelor_, Bucharest, December 22, 1970. (JPRS: 52,510,
Series No. 426, 1970.)
"Modernization of Planning Advocated," _Probleme Economice_,
Bucharest, December 1970. (JPRS: 52,614, Series No. 434,
1970.)
"National Income in 1966-1970, 1971-1975," _Probleme Economice_,
Bucharest, May 1971. (JPRS: 53,755, Series No. 510, 1971.)
"New Methods for Planning Agriculture Discussed," _Agricultura_,
Bucharest, December 10, 1970. (JPRS: 52,324, Series No. 413,
1970.)
"Profits Termed Essential Indicator of Economic Efficiency,"
_Scinteia_, Bucharest, November 27, 1971. (JPRS: 54,748,
Series No. 584, 1971.)
"Relationship of Domestic, Foreign Prices Influences Export
Efficiency," _Finante si Credit_, Bucharest, June 1971. (JPRS:
54,056, Series No. 531, 1971.)
"Significance of Accumulation Rate Analyzed," _Probleme
Economice_, Bucharest, October 1971. (JPRS: 54,558, Series No.
570, 1971.)
"Socialist Planning in Light of World Planning," _Probleme
Economice_, Bucharest, April 1971. (JPRS: 53,392, Series No.
484, 1971.)
"Structural Changes in Manpower Distribution in 1966-1970,"
_Viata Economica_, Bucharest, March 12, 1971. (JPRS: 52,942,
Series No. 454, 1971.)
GLOSSARY
centrals--Industrial associations that group enterprises engaged in
the same or similar lines of production or enterprises at
successive stages of production as, for example, iron mines and
steel mills.
COMECON--Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. Founded in 1949;
headquartered in Moscow. Members are Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East
Germany, Hungary, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, and the Soviet Union.
Purpose is to further economic cooperation among members.
_judet_ (pl., _judete_)--Local administrative division corresponding
to county or district. There are thirty-nine such counties plus the
municipality of Bucharest, which is administered as a judet. There
is no intermediate level between the central government and the
_judet_ government.
leu (pl., lei)--Standard unit of currency. Officially rated at the
level of 1 leu to US$0.18, the actual exchange rate varies according
to specific transactions, such as tourist exchange, foreign trade
exchange, hard currency purchase, or black-market transaction.
PCR--Partidul Comunist Roman (Romanian Communist Party). Founded in
1921. Declared illegal in 1924; operated underground until 1944.
Known as Romanian Workers' Party from 1948 until 1965.
UGSR--Uniunea Generala a Sindicatelr din Romania (General Union of
Trade Unions). Official organization incorporating all labor unions
of blue- and white-collar workers. Estimated membership in 1972 was
4.6 million.
UTC--Uniunea Tineretului Comunist (Union of Communist Youth). Official
organization that functions as the youth branch of the PCR (_q.v._).
Membership open to young people between ages fifteen and twenty-six.
Membership estimated in early 1972 at 2.5 million.
Warsaw Treaty Organization--Formal name for Warsaw Pact. Military
alliance of communist countries founded in 1955, with headquarters
in Moscow. The Soviet minister of defense is traditionally the
supreme commander of Warsaw Pact forces. Members are Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and the
Soviet Union.
INDEX
abortion: 39, 57
administrative divisions: viii, 38
adult education: 7, 86-87
Africa: 156, 163, 168, 171, 172, 182, 183
Agerpres. _See_ Romanian Press Agency
Agricultural Bank: 261, 267
Agricultural Mechanization Enterprises: 262-264, 267
agriculture (_see also_ collective farms; livestock): v, viii, 8, 30, 31,
36, 41, 227, 229, 231, 232, 233, 236, 237, 241;
Commission, 117;
education, 76, 85, 87, 145;
labor, viii, 61, 233, 253, 262, 264-266;
production, 269-273, 274
aid foreign (_see also_ Council for Mutual Economic Assistance): 26, 103,
167, 169, 279;
military, 211-212, 216, 223
air forces: ix, 7, 211, 213, 214, 215-216, 219, 221, 224
air transport: ix, 45, 46-47, 196, 216
Albania: 27, 39, 42, 158, 166, 167, 172
Alecsandri, Vasile: 105
Alexandrescu, Grigore: 104
Allied Control Commission: 21, 24
Allies. _See_ World War I; World War II
Aman, Theodor: 97
Anti-Comintern Pact: 21
anti-Semitism: 17, 19, 56
anti-subversion. _See_ counter-subversion
Antonescu, Ion: 21, 175
Apostol, Gheorghe: 130, 131, 134, 136
Arad: 44, 193
archaeology: 94, 95, 99
architecture: 76, 99-100
Arghezi, Tudor: 106
aristocracy: 6, 12, 56, 75
armed forces (_see also_ military): ix, 7, 15, 16, 119, 120, 121, 133,
161, 200, 203, 211-216, 221-227;
command, 112, 116, 173, 213;
training, 220-221, 223
army (_see also_ ground force): ix, 7
arts and the artists: 7, 91, 92-94, 135, 152, 180;
education, 76, 81, 84, 85, 97;
union, 135
Asachi, Gheorghe: 104
Asia: 156, 163, 168, 171, 182, 183, 219
Aslan, Ana: 107
atheism: 5
Aurelian, Emperor: 11, 50
Austria (_see also_ Austro-Hungarian Empire): 20, 24, 33, 46, 54
Austro-Hungarian Empire (_see also_ Habsburgs; Hungary): 9, 13, 14, 18,
33, 37
automobiles (_see also_ traffic): 42, 203-204, 288
Avars: 11
Baia-Mare: 44, 52
Balaga, Lucian: 106
Balcescu, Nicolae: 104
Balkans: 22, 29, 163, 167, 170, 171, 185, 211;
history, 3, 9, 10
Banat: 10, 11, 32, 254;
population, 52, 53, 55
Banks for Agriculture and the Food Industry: 242, 243, 244, 267-268
banks and banking (_see also_ individual banks): 110, 242-246
Bessarabia: 18, 20, 37, 54, 55, 212
Bihor Massif: 30, 31
birth control: 39
birth rate: 39-40, 57
Black Forest: 34
Black Sea: vii, xiv, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 38, 46, 47, 48, 216, 217, 218,
224, 276;
history, 10
Bokassa, Jean Bebel, president of the Central African Republic: 172
Book Central: 187, 188
Boris, Tsar: 11
boundaries, national (_see also_ individual neighboring countries):
vii, xiv, 9, 29, 32, 37-38, 211
Braila: 48
Brancusi, Constantin: 98
Brasov: 38, 44, 53, 102, 182
Brezhnev, Leonid: 165;
doctrine, 28, 159, 160, 164, 165
Brincoveanu, Constantin, Prince: 100
Bucharest: viii, xiv, 10, 15, 31, 32, 34, 35, 38, 67, 70, 147, 148, 155,
163, 207, 214, 221, 254, 263;
cultural, 67, 91, 96, 97, 98, 104, 107;
government, 122, 123, 125;
history, 16, 18, 19, 21;
information, 177, 181, 182, 186, 188, 189;
politics, 139, 141, 142, 147;
population, 38, 41, 54;
security, 195, 213, 216;
transport, 43, 44, 47
Bucharest Declaration: 168, 218
budget: 41, 112, 116, 120, 240-241, 248, 286;
local, 126
Bukovina: 10, 18, 20, 33, 37, 71, 72, 212
Bulgaria: 7, 37, 165-166, 167, 172, 182, 218, 219, 276, 278, 279;
border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 32, 48, 216, 217;
history, 11, 20, 212
canals: ix, 29, 31, 46
Cantemir, Dimitrie: 104
capital punishment: 205
Carol I, King: 16, 17, 18
Carol II, King: 19, 20, 21, 175
Carpathian Mountains: vii, 29, 30, 31, 47, 94;
history, 11, 50
Ceausescu, Nicolae: 1, 2, 3, 27, 28, 93, 109, 113, 118, 119, 124-125,
127, 129, 130, 131-134, 136, 139, 140, 142, 144, 148, 149, 150, 151,
152, 153, 154, 184, 206, 213;
foreign relations, 7-8, 28, 132, 155, 156, 159, 160, 162, 164, 165,
166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172-173
censorship (_see also_ freedom of expression): 176
census: 54, 55;
(1930), 79;
(1956), 54, 79;
(1966), 39, 49, 52, 143
Central European System: 185
cereals: 254, 255, 256, 272, 273, 274
Cernavoda: 43, 44
Cernavoda-Silistra: 279
Charles of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. _See_ Carol I
chernozem: 35, 254
children (_see also_ students): 6, 14, 40, 57, 58, 183, 187, 199, 200;
care, 80, 82-83;
education, 74, 75, 76, 79, 82
Christianity (_see also_ Protestants; Roman Catholicism; Romanian
Orthodox Church): introduction of, 11, 67
church-state relations: viii, 4, 5, 66-67, 68, 69, 70
civil rights (_see also_ freedom of expression; ownership; religion;
suffrage): 3, 16, 66, 111-112, 113, 146, 150, 151, 176, 194, 201, 206
clergy: 5, 14, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70;
training, 66, 69, 72, 112
climate: vii, 29, 33, 34-35, 36, 253, 254
Cluj: 44, 52, 71, 72, 91, 102, 182, 186, 189, 213
coal: 238, 276-277, 288
_cobza_: 100
Codreanu, Corneliu: 20
collective farms: 24, 41, 58, 87, 194, 230, 236, 244, 257-261, 262, 263,
266, 267, 273, 280;
labor, vii, 264
College of Saint Sava: 104
commerce (_see also_ trade): 15
Communists and communism (_see also_ Romanian Communist Party): v, 3,
56, 127, 157;
and culture, 91, 92-94, 98, 101, 102, 103, 106, 107;
and economy, 8, 24, 49, 132, 133, 149-150, 229, 234, 275;
and education, 73-74, 76-77, 78;
government, 2-3, 24-28, 38, 110;
and information, 176, 183, 185, 189;
and religion, 4, 5, 65, 68, 70;
rise to power, 9, 22-24;
and social structure, 6, 49, 58-62
Concordat (1927): 69
Congress of Paris: 16
conscripts and conscription (_see also_ military): 7, 212, 219, 220,
221, 223
Constanta: 4, 44, 47, 182, 216, 217, 276
Constitution: 3, 5, 116;
(1866), 16, 17;
(1923), 18; (1938), 20;
(1948), 5, 110, 111;
(1952), 5, 110, 112, 119, 150;
(1965), vii, 5, 28, 66, 109, 110, 113-114, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122,
124, 125, 126, 146, 160, 161, 163, 206;
Commission, 116, 117;
development, 110-113
construction: 227, 232, 256, 257, 279, 280, 283, 287;
private, 242, 245;
youth, 201
consumer goods: 149, 229, 232, 235, 237, 239, 241, 251, 287-288;
export, viii;
production, 8, 30, 42
cooperatives: 82, 85, 114, 126, 127;
agricultural, 59, 153
Council of Ministers: 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 118, 119-121, 123,
124, 133, 140, 147, 161, 162, 176, 195, 198, 200, 214, 230, 240,
241, 243, 244, 256
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON): iv, 1, 2, 8, 26, 27,
150, 156, 157-158, 159, 161, 164, 168, 169, 172, 173, 174, 247,
249-250, 275
Council of Romanian Radio and Television: 182, 184
Council on Socialist Culture and Education: 94, 120, 176, 181, 186, 189
Council of State: vii, 109, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117-119, 121, 122, 124,
125, 133, 140, 161, 162, 230, 240, 256, 289
Council of State Security: 119, 120, 121
counter-subversion: ix, 194, 202, 205
county. _See judet_
courts: viii, 115, 122-124, 194, 200, 205, 206-207;
military, 223
credit policies: 242, 245-246, 260, 266, 267-269
crime (_see also_ penal system): 193, 194, 196, 199, 201-203, 205, 206,
223, 257
Crimean War: 16
_Crisana_: 10, 32, 179
cultural activity (_see also_ architecture; arts and the artists; folk
culture; literature; music; painting; sculpture): 4, 7, 12, 14, 41,
52, 53, 54, 85, 87, 91, 92, 152
cultural influences: 4, 7, 12, 14-15, 50, 51, 62, 63, 69, 76, 93, 95,
96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106;
nationalism, 7, 92, 97, 102, 104
currency (_see also_ exchange): 246-247
Cuza, Alexander: 16
Cyrillic alphabet: 14
Czechoslovakia: xiv, 20, 21, 30, 46, 163, 165, 172, 182, 190, 218, 224,
250, 278;
invasion of, 7, 9, 28, 119, 135, 150, 154, 159, 164, 165, 166, 170,
172, 211, 218
Dacia (_see also_ Dacians): 3, 11, 50, 67, 99
_Dacia Literata_: 104
Dacians (_see also_ Dacia; Daco-Romans): 2, 10, 11, 14, 50
Daco-Romans: 3
Danube River: 29, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, 43, 45-46, 47, 48, 55,
167, 216, 217, 254, 279;
history, 10, 11, 12, 99
death rate: 39
defense (_see also_ armed forces; security): 116, 195, 241;
Commission, 117
Defence Council: 115, 118, 121, 133, 135, 140, 173, 213, 214
Densus: 99
Department of Cults: 5, 66
_Description of Moldavia_: 104
divorce: 57, 58
Dobruja: vii, 31, 32, 33, 34, 72, 99, 253;
history, 10, 20, 37;
population, 41, 55
Dogmatic Period: 92, 93
Dragan, Mircea: 103
Draghici, Alexandru: 130, 131, 134
droughts: 254
Dubcek, Alexander: 165
Eastern Europe: v, 8, 68, 94, 110, 155, 156, 158, 165, 166, 169, 172,
173, 182, 216, 218, 262;
economic relations, viii, 26, 170, 248
Eastern Orthodox Church (_see also_ Romanian Orthodox Church): 11, 13,
14, 53, 67, 99
Economic Council: 115, 119
economic development (_see also_ Five Year Plan): viii, 6, 8, 17, 61,
73, 119, 149-150, 156, 161, 242;
plans, 234-237, 242
economy (_see also_ agriculture; economic development; finance;
industry): v, viii, 8, 24, 25, 26, 42, 112, 113, 116, 120, 132,
133, 149, 158, 174, 226-227, 229-237;
Commission, 117
education (_see also_ adult education; indoctrination; schools;
technical/vocational education; universities): viii, 4, 6-7, 14, 15,
16, 60, 61, 62, 66, 73-83, 126, 200;
Act (1964), 74;
Commission, 117;
curricula, viii, 7, 74, 75, 77, 78, 82;
higher, 6, 59, 61, 73, 74, 76, 77, 80, 84, 85-86, 107-108;
law (1948), 77;
law (1968), 78, 87;
traffic, 204
Eforie Nord: 100
elections: vii, 23, 116, 117, 126-127;
(1937), 19;
(1948), 24;
(1969), 127, 135
electricity: ix, 277, 278-279, 288;
hydro, 29, 36, 167, 278, 279
elite class: 6, 60
emigration: 40-41, 53, 71;
illegal, 203;
Jews, 4, 72
Eminescu, Mihail: 105, 106
employment (_see also_ labor; wages): 41, 59, 84, 154, 195, 233-234,
253, 265, 266, 280, 284-286
Enescu, Georghe: 101
English language: 83, 181, 183
ethnic groups (_see also_ individual groups; minority ethnic groups):
vii, 3, 49-50, 55-56
European Recovery Program (Marshall Plan): 26, 157
Everac, Paul: 102
exchange, foreign: ix, 187, 230, 242, 244, 247
expenditure: 241
export: 236, 239, 244, 248-249, 251, 253, 286;
agricultural, viii, 36, 230, 273
Export-Import Bank: 251
family: 49, 56-58, 226, 257, 259
fauna. _See_ wildlife
Federal Republic of Germany: 28, 34, 43, 53, 159, 164, 165, 168-170,
190, 288
Ferdinand, King: 18, 19
films: 103, 175, 177, 189-190
finance (_see also_ budget; foreign exchange; investment; taxation;
trade): viii-ix
fishing and fisheries: 33
Five-Year Plan: viii, 8;
(1960-65), 26;
(1971-75), 8, 149-150, 229, 230, 245, 266, 275
floods: 43, 173, 208, 222, 227, 255, 270
folk culture: 65, 91, 94-96, 98, 100-101, 105
foodstuffs: 42-43; export, viii, 30
foreign exchange. _See_ exchange
foreign relations: 1, 2, 7, 25, 27, 28, 63, 118, 134, 136, 139, 154,
155, 162-174;
Commission, 117;
diplomatic representation, 118, 155, 159, 162, 163, 164-172;
economic. _See_ trade;
policy, 116, 120, 133, 152, 156-162, 175
forests and forestry: 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 85, 233, 255, 277-278, 284;
Commission, 117
France: 16, 20, 103, 168, 171, 212, 250;
cultural influence, 15, 62, 63, 76, 101, 104, 105, 106, 107, 190;
language, 83, 181, 183
freedom of expression (_see also_ press): 91-92, 111, 113, 175, 176
frontier troops: ix, 7, 211, 213, 214, 217, 221
fruit (_see also_ orchards and vineyards): 254, 272
Galati: 44, 48
gems: 243, 247
General Military Academy, Bucharest: 214, 221
General Regulation for Religious Cults (1948): 66, 70
General Union of Trade Unions: 120, 121, 133, 134, 136, 147, 148-149,
178, 198, 237, 243
geology: 30-32
Georgescu, Ion: 98
German Democratic Republic: 165, 172, 182, 190, 250
German ethnic group (_see also_ German language): vii, viii, 3, 4, 18,
49, 51, 53-54, 55, 56, 57, 69, 71, 102, 127, 135, 143, 151;
history, 11, 99
German language: vii, 51, 53, 54, 69, 83, 89, 180, 181, 183
Germany (_see also_ Federal Republic of Germany; German Democratic
Republic; Nazis): 18, 71, 101, 107, 212
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe: 3, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 47, 110, 112, 130, 131,
134, 168;
foreign relations, 156, 157, 158, 159, 165
Giurgiu: 43, 44
gold: 277
Goths: 50
government (_see also_ Constitution; local government): vii, 17,
109-110, 115,
central, 114-124, 126
Grand National Assembly: 88, 109, 110, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121,
122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 133, 140, 151, 161, 162, 173, 237, 240, 241
Great Britain: 20, 23, 158, 171, 190, 212
Greater Romania: 18
Greece: 170-171
Grigorescu, Nicolae: 97
gross national product (GNP): 227, 233
ground force: 215, 224
Groza Petru: 23
Habsburgs (_see also_ Austro-Hungarian Empire): 14
handcrafts: 94-96
health: 42, 126;
Commission, 117;
education, 85
Heinemann, Gustav, president of the federal Republic of Germany: 170
Higher Political Council: 213
_History of the Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire_: 104
Hitler, Adolf: 20
Holy See. _See_ Vatican
housing: 40, 41, 42, 57, 58, 59, 61, 99, 195, 201, 233, 245, 256
Hungarian Autonomous Region (Mures-Magyar): 52, 111, 114, 150
Hungarian ethnic group (Magyars) (_see also_ Hungarian language): vii,
viii, 3, 4, 18, 49, 51, 52-53, 55, 56, 57, 69, 71, 72, 102, 111,
127, 135, 143, 151, 166;
history, 3, 11, 13, 37, 52, 63, 99
Hungarian language: vii, 51, 53, 69, 83, 89, 180, 181, 183
Hungarian People's Union: 23
Hungary (_see also_ Austro-Hungarian Empire): 37, 43, 46, 54, 163, 165,
166, 167, 172, 182;
border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 38, 52, 203, 217;
history, 11, 19, 20, 21, 52, 53, 55, 67;
revolt, 26, 157
Iasi: 15, 105, 182, 186, 189, 213
ideological campaign: 152, 153, 154, 175, 178, 184
imports: 229, 239, 248, 249, 251, 253, 277, 284, 287;
substitute, 244
income: 40, 41, 59, 60, 61, 153, 240, 260, 264;
church, 66;
national, 231, 232, 253;
per capita, 230
independence: 15-17, 113, 135, 160;
'declaration of', 1, 2, 27
indoctrination, political (_see also_ propaganda): viii, ix, 132, 133,
139, 141, 144, 145, 146, 175, 176, 178, 183, 191, 201;
armed forces, 211, 221-222;
youth, 7, 73, 76, 77, 78-79, 80, 83, 84, 87, 132, 148, 180
industrialization (_see also_ industry): v, 6, 8, 15, 17, 18, 26, 41,
43, 49, 77, 85, 150, 161, 229, 247, 251, 253
industry (_see also_ construction; electricity; industrialization;
investment; nationalization): viii, 25, 110, 149, 157, 229-230, 232,
233, 275-283, 287-289;
commission, 117;
labor, vii-viii, 61, 264, 275, 283-286
information (_see also_ newspapers; periodicals; press; radio;
television): ix, 65, 175-177, 190-191;
foreign, 132, 152, 175, 181-182, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190
Institute of Historical and Social-Political Studies: 139, 145
intelligentsia (_see also_ arts and the artists; professionals): 59, 60,
62, 142, 148
international commitments (_see also_ individual pacts): v, ix, 121,
160, 172-174, 218-219
Intervision: 185
Investment Bank: 242, 243-244
investment, capital: 30, 42, 229, 233, 243, 268;
in agriculture, viii, 266-267; foreign, 18;
in industry, viii, 232, 275, 286-287
Ionescu, Eugene: 102
iron: 277, 288
Iron Gate: 31, 34, 55;
hydroelectricity, 167, 279
Iron Guard: 19, 20, 21
irrigation: 201, 227, 254
Islam: 4, 72
Israel: 4, 28, 41, 72, 159, 164, 171
Italy: 20, 21, 101, 168, 171, 190, 250
Jalea, Ion: 98
Japan: 21
Jews and Judaism: 3, 4, 17, 18, 19, 41, 54, 56, 72, 199
Jiu Valley: 276
journalists: 7
_judet_: 109, 110, 114, 124, 148;
courts, 122, 123, 124, 207;
political, 137, 141, 142;
security, 195
judges: 122, 206, 223
judiciary (_see also_ courts; military): 122-124, 194, 202, 206
Junimea: 105
justice (_see also_ courts; judiciary; military; penal system): viii
Justinian, patriarch: 70
Khrushchev, Nikita, premier of the Soviet Union: 2, 25, 26, 156, 157, 166
Kingdom of Romania: v, vii, 16, 18, 19
Kiselev, Pavel, Count: 15
Koenig, Cardinal: 70
Kogalniceanu, Mihail: 104, 105
labor force (_see also_ labor unions): vii-viii, 43, 57, 73, 149, 211,
226, 230, 233, 253, 262, 264-266, 269, 280, 282, 283-286;
code, 197;
conditions of, 111;
disputes, 123
labor unions (_see also_ General Union of Trade Unions): 5, 22, 80, 87,
123, 126, 127, 132, 135, 144, 176, 180, 199, 243
lakes: 32, 33-34
land (_see also_ forests and forestry; marshland; reform): viii, 237;
agricultural, 33, 36, 254-257;
conservation, 256, 257;
ownership, 230
languages (_see also_ individual languages): vii, 4, 83, 87, 88, 177,
181, 183
_lautari_: 100
leu: viii, 246, 305
Liberal Party: 18, 19, 23
libraries: 188-189
life expectancy: 39, 42
Lipatti, Dinu: 101
literacy: 6, 68, 73, 76, 79, 219
literature: 7, 14, 93, 103-107, 152, 187
livestock: 260;
products, 253, 254, 268, 269-270, 271, 272, 273, 274
living standards: 17, 30, 41-43, 57, 59, 60, 61, 88, 149, 153, 202, 239,
240, 264
local government: viii, 6, 38, 109, 110, 111, 114, 124-126, 198
_Luceafarul_: 105
Luchian, Stefan: 97
Lupescu, Magda: 19
Magyars. _See_ Hungarian ethnic group
Mairescu, Titu: 105
Mamaia: 100
Manescu, Corneliu: 162
Manescu, Manea: 140
Mangalia: 48, 100, 216
Maniu, Iuliu: 19
Maramures: 10, 32
marriage: 57, 195
Marshall Plan. _See_ European Recovery Program
marshland: 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 43
Marxism-Leninism: v, 5, 76, 83, 107, 146, 147, 148, 151, 155, 160, 184,
187, 189
mass organization (_see also_ labor unions; women; youth): 145, 146-149,
178, 198-201
Maurer, Ion Gheorghe: 112, 127, 130, 131, 134, 135, 158, 162, 169
medical services: 42;
military, 222
merchant marine: ix, 30, 47-48
metallurgy: 283, 286
Michael the Brave (1593-1601): 12, 13
Michael, King (son of Carol II): 19, 21, 23, 176
Middle East (_see also_ Israel): 46, 171, 276
migration, historical: 3, 11, 13, 50
military (_see also_ aid; armed forces): 7, 8, 118-119, 134, 198;
foreign, 167, 171, 173;
honours, 226;
justice, viii, 122, 123, 205, 207-208, 222-223;
personnel, 195, 213, 219-220;
service, 7, 112, 211, 212;
volunteers, 220
Military Achievement Exhibit: 224
militia: 194, 195-197, 200, 203, 204, 206, 221
minerals (_see also_ coal; iron; natural gas; oil): 36-37, 275
ministries and ministers (_see also_ Council of Ministers; individual
ministries): 115, 119, 120, 133;
economic, 231, 234, 282, 283
Ministry of Agriculture, Food, Industry and Waters: 243, 244, 259, 261,
262
Ministry of the Armed Forces: 7, 121, 145, 195, 208, 212, 213, 214,
215, 217;
minister, 119, 121, 213-214
Ministry of Defense: 211
Ministry of Education: 75, 80-82, 84, 86
Ministry of Finance: 237, 241, 242, 243, 247
Ministry of Foreign Affairs: 162, 163;
minister, 119
Ministry of Foreign Trade: 162, 163, 248
Ministry of Internal Affairs: ix, 145, 195, 196, 208, 217, 221;
minister, 119, 121, 195
Ministry of Justice: 122, 123, 203, 207;
minister, 122
Ministry of Technical Material Supply and Control of the Management of
Fixed Assets: 236
Ministry of Transportation: 43, 46
Ministry of Youth Problems: 147;
minister, 200
minority ethnic groups (_see also_ individual ethnic groups): vii, 3-4,
49-50, 54-55, 91, 135, 139, 149, 150-151, 166;
education, 78, 88-89;
rights, 111
missiles: 216
Mobutu, Joseph, president of Zaire: 172
Moldavia: vii, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 254;
cultural, 95, 96, 99, 103, 104;
history, 3, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 33, 37, 67, 74;
population, 41, 54
monarchy, constitutional: 19, 23
mountains (_see also_ individual ranges): ix, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36,
41, 253, 254
_Munca_: 178
Muntenia: 31
music: 100-101, 184;
education, 75, 83
Muslims (_see also_ Islam): 4
Mures-Magyar. _See_ Hungarian Autonomous Region
National Bank of the Romanian Socialist Republic: viii, 242, 243, 245, 246
National Center for Cinematography: 189
National Democratic Front: 22, 23
National Peasant Party: 19, 22, 23
National Popular Party: 23
National Renaissance Party: 20
National Union of Agricultural Production Cooperatives: 133, 259
nationalism: 2, 3, 7, 9, 14, 25, 56, 67, 92, 97, 102, 104, 129, 130,
132, 154
nationalization: 24, 55, 58, 110, 244
natural gas: ix, 29, 30, 36, 37, 47, 275, 276, 278, 288
navy: ix, 7, 48, 211, 213, 214, 216, 221
Nazis: 9, 19, 20-21, 37, 54, 157, 168
Negruzzi, Constantine: 104, 105
news agencies: 175, 181-182
newspapers: 53, 54, 104, 175, 176, 177-180, 182
Niculescu-Mizil, Paul: 140
Nixon, Richard M., president of the U.S.A.: 159, 170
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): 8, 161, 171, 218
nuclear free zone: 167, 171
nuclear power: 279
Official Bulletin of the Socialist Republic of Romania: 117
oil: ix, 29, 36, 47, 275-276, 288
Old Catholics: 72
Old Church Slavonic: 67, 103
Old Kingdom. _See_ Kingdom of Romania
Olt River: 31
Oltenia: 10, 11, 31, 95, 276
Oradea: 52
orchards and vineyards: 31, 32, 36, 254, 255, 257, 268
Ottoman Empire and the Turks: 9, 12, 13, 16, 32, 55, 63, 67, 72, 91
ownership (_see also_ private sector): 110, 113-114, 259, 260
PCR. _See_ Romanian Communist Party
Paciurea, Dimitrie: 98
painting (_see also_ arts and the artists): 95-98
Pana, Gheorghe: 140
Pann, Anton: 101
party politics (_see also_ individual parties): 14, 17, 20, 22, 175;
single party, 2, 5
pasture: 32, 33, 36, 254, 255, 257
Patrascanu, Lucretiu: 131, 134
Pauker, Ana: 22, 24, 25
peasantry (_see also_ folk culture, working class): 53, 58, 61, 62, 68,
74, 148, 153;
history, 12, 13;
revolt, 17
penal system: 201-202, 257;
code, 194, 205-206, 222;
institutions, 207-209
people's councils: 111, 114, 115, 116, 124, 125, 126, 196;
Commission, 117
People's Democratic Front: 24, 127, 135
People's Republic of China (_see also_ Sino-Soviet issue): 1, 27, 157,
158, 164, 167, 168, 250
periodicals: 53, 176, 180-181, 182;
library, 105, 107, 152
Peter, tsar of Russia: 2
petroleum: ix, 17, 20, 29, 37, 47, 276, 278
Petrosani: 276
Phanariots: 12-13, 15
Pioneers Organization: 77, 80, 198, 199, 201
pipelines: ix, 29, 47
Ploiesti: 37, 41, 44, 47, 216
Plowmans Front: 22, 23
Poland: xiv, 165, 172, 182, 224
police (_see also_ militia): ix, 24, 195, 196, 197, 198, 202, 203;
secret, 3, 25, 193, 197
pope: 14, 67, 68, 70, 71
Popescu-Gopo: 103
population: vii, 3, 30, 35, 38-41, 74
ports (_see also_ individual ports): ix, 17, 48, 196, 217
president, office and functions: 117, 118, 161, 214
Presidium: 110, 112
press: ix, 23, 93, 139, 176;
freedom, 16, 113, 153, 176
prices: 237-240, 249, 283
prime minister, office and functions: 110, 119, 120
private sector: 113-114, 230, 258, 268-269, 273, 280
professionals (_see also_ intelligentsia): 6;
unions, 94
propaganda (_see also_ indoctrination): v, 92, 139, 141, 153, 175, 176,
184, 190
Prosecutor General: 112, 115, 116, 118, 122, 123-124, 202
Protestants (_see also_ religion): viii, 4, 5, 13, 53, 71-72
Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
(VietCong): 163, 171
Prut River: 29, 30, 31, 33, 38, 46
publishing: 147, 175, 176, 177, 185-187
purges, political: 3, 24, 25, 77, 142, 156
Radescu, Nicolae, General: 22, 23
radio: ix, 54, 101, 175, 176, 177, 182-184, 191, 288
Radulescu, Ehade: 104
railways: ix, 16, 29, 43-45, 194, 196, 227
reform: 14, 16, 19, 132, 133, 153;
economic, 8, 19, 231, 237, 248, 285;
education, 73, 77-79;
land, 16, 17, 18, 55, 58
religion (_see also_ church-state relations; clergy; Protestants; Roman
Catholicism; Romanian Orthodox Church): viii, 4, 5, 62, 65-66, 127;
education, 4, 14, 66, 69, 72, 75, 76, 112;
freedom of, viii, 5, 65, 68, 111;
persecution of, 4, 65, 68, 70
Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam): 170, 171
research: 107-108
revenue (_see also_ taxation): 241, 269
riparian rights: vii
rivers (_see also_ individual rivers; riparian rights; waterways): ix,
29, 31, 33-34, 36
roads and highways: ix, 29, 43, 44, 99, 203, 227
Rodin, Auguste: 98
Roman Catholicism (_see also_ church-state relations; religion): viii,
4, 13, 53, 67, 69-71
_Romania Libera_: 178, 179
Romanian Academy of Social and Political Sciences: 82
Romanian Air Transport (TAROM): ix, 46
Romanian Communist Party (Partidul Comunist Roman, PCR): vi, vii, 1, 3,
5, 6, 7, 8, 19, 22, 27, 55, 84, 92, 94, 98, 101, 109, 110, 111,
114, 118, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 132-134, 135, 136-146, 147,
149, 153, 160, 161, 164, 167, 168, 169, 171, 174, 176, 177, 196,
198, 211, 226, 229, 234, 235, 237, 248, 275, 280;
Central Auditing Committee, 133, 137, 140;
Central Collegium, 140;
Central Committee, 26, 27, 118, 119, 121, 125, 131, 132, 133, 134,
136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 143, 145, 153, 158, 162, 176, 178, 180,
181, 182, 213, 268;
Executive Committee, 120, 121, 131, 138, 139, 140, 152, 198;
membership, 61, 129, 142-144, 153, 281;
organization, 137-142;
policies, 149-153;
Secretariat, 119, 138, 139, 140, 152;
Standing Presidium, 8, 119, 131, 133, 138, 139, 155, 160, 162, 230
Romanian ethnic group: 3, 17, 18, 33, 49, 50-52, 52-53, 55, 57, 143;
history, 13-14
Romanian Foreign Trade Bank: 242, 243, 244, 247
Romanian language: vii, 2, 4, 11, 14, 51, 54, 67, 75, 83, 103, 104, 209
Romanian Orthodox Church (_see also_ church-state relations; clergy
religion): viii, 4, 65, 67-69
Romanian People's Army. See armed forces
Romanian People's Republic: v, vii, 5, 24, 110, 111, 131
Romanian Press Agency (Agentia Romana de Presa, Agerpres): 181, 182
Romanian Workers' Party: 23, 27, 111, 112, 130, 137, 142
Romans and the Roman Empire: 3, 10-11, 14, 50, 67, 91, 99
rural society (_see also_ villages): 38, 41, 57, 62, 65, 68, 79, 87,
153, 154, 183, 187, 264;
population, 17, 52, 53
Russia (_see also_ Soviet Union): history, 2, 9, 15, 16, 18, 37, 54;
revolution, 19, 37
Russian language: 2, 27, 83, 181
Sadoveanu, Mihail: 106
sanitation: 42
Sarmizegetusa: 99
Savings and Loan Bank: 242, 244, 245
schools (_see also_ education; religion; students; universities): 2, 14,
27, 53, 54, 57, 65, 73, 74, 75, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83-88, 89, 97, 104,
148, 200, 201, 204
_Scinteia_: 178, 179
_Scinteia Tineretului_: 178-180
sculpture: 98
security (_see also_ crime; defence; police): 133, 139;
internal, 116, 120, 193-201;
national, ix, 20
security troops: 193, 194, 197-198, 203, 206, 219
services: 232, 239
Sibu: 53
Sighisoara: 53
Sino-Soviet issue: v, 1, 27, 158, 164, 166, 167
Siretul River: 30, 31, 41
size and location (_see also_ boundaries): vii, xiv, 3, 29, 32
Slavs: 2, 4, 9, 11, 12, 49, 51, 55, 127, 151;
language and culture, 50, 51, 67
social benefits: 88, 260, 262
Social Democratic Party: 19, 22, 23, 137, 142
social structure: 6, 17, 58-62
socialism (_see also_ collective farms; nationalization; Socialist
Realism): v, 5, 73, 105, 151-153, 154, 198, 207, 230, 240
Socialist Party: 142
Socialist Realism: 7, 92, 93, 106
Socialist Republic of Romania: v, vii, 1, 3, 5, 28, 66, 113, 131
Socialist Unity Front: 126, 127, 135, 151, 177, 198
soils: 29, 35-36, 253, 254
Soviet Union (_see also_ Czechoslovakia; Sino-Soviet issue): 22, 23, 33,
34, 37, 54, 131, 159, 163, 164-165, 167, 172, 182, 199, 212, 216,
218, 223, 224, 275, 279;
border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 46, 217;
Communist Party, 137, 156, 166;
Constitution (1936), 5, 111;
independence of, 1-2, 3, 5, 8, 25, 26, 27, 28, 63, 113, 129, 134, 136,
154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 164, 169, 211, 227, 248;
influence over Romania, v, viii, 1, 5, 7, 9, 24, 76, 92, 110, 111,
137, 152, 156, 158, 198;
trade, viii, 190, 250, 276, 277;
World War II, 9, 20, 21
Stalin, Joseph (_see also_ Stalinism): 2, 7, 9, 25, 156
Stalinism: 2, 25, 156;
de-Stalinization, 7, 92, 134-136, 157
State Committee for Prices: 115,120, 237, 239, 240
state enterprises: 80, 82, 87, 119, 120, 126, 141, 188, 194, 230, 231,
234-237, 238, 239, 242, 243, 246, 248, 281, 283;
farms, 257, 258, 261-262, 267, 273;
industry, 280, 283
State Inspectorate General for Product Quality: 289
State Planning Committee: 119, 120, 121, 237, 242, 243
State Security Council: 195, 197, 198
Stephan Gheorghiu Academy of Social-Political Education and the
Training of Leading Cadres: 139, 144
Stephen the Great (1457-1504): 12
Stoica, Chivu: 130, 131, 133, 136
Storck, Carol: 98
Storck, Karl: 98
students (_see also_ schools): 73, 80, 86, 87, 148;
organizations, 77, 78, 80, 87, 199, 200
suffrage: 126
sugar beet: 255, 256, 272
Superior Council of Agriculture: 256, 257
Supreme Court: viii, 109, 112, 116, 118, 122, 124, 201, 223
Szeklers: 13, 52, 53
Szekelys. _See_ Szeklers
_tambal_: 100
TAROM. _See_ Romanian Air Transport
Tatars: 3, 4, 11, 12, 50, 51, 72
Tattarescu, Gheorghe: 97
taxation: 233, 239, 241, 245
teachers: 78, 79, 82, 83, 88, 154;
training, 75, 76, 77, 82, 84, 85, 87-88, 89, 144
technical/vocational education: viii, 6, 7, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81,
84, 85, 87, 145, 284
television: ix, 54, 101, 152, 175, 176, 177, 182, 184-185, 288
text books: 2, 78, 80, 82
textiles: 95, 284, 288
theater: 53, 101-102, 105, 152
Thracians. _See_ Dacians
timber: 277-278, 288
Timisoara: 44, 193
Tirgu Mures: 44, 52
Tisza River: 31, 33, 46
Tonitza, Nicolae: 97
topography (_see also_ mountains; rivers): vii, 31, 253
tourists and tourism: 33, 217, 252;
exchange rate, ix, 247
trade (_see also_ export; import; individual countries): 232;
balance, viii, 8, 169, 173, 229, 242-243, 248, 251-252;
domestic, 236;
foreign, viii, 27, 155, 162, 163, 164, 167, 168, 170, 171, 172, 173,
217, 229, 230, 237, 246, 247-252
traffic, vehicular: 203-204
Trajan, Column of: 14
Trajan, Emperor: 11, 50, 99
transport (_see also_ air transport; pipelines; railways; roads and
highways; traffic; waterways): 43-48, 110, 216, 232
Transylvania (_see also_ Transylvanian Alps): vii, 3, 4, 32, 34, 35, 37,
47, 68, 99, 166, 254, 276;
cultural, 94, 95, 99, 103;
history, 3, 10, 11, 13-14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 37, 50, 55, 67, 70;
population, 41, 52, 53, 54, 56;
transport, 43, 47
Transylvanian Alps: vii, 30, 31-32, 33, 35, 47, 276
travel: 61
Treaty of Berlin (1878): 16
'Tudor Vladimirescu': 21
Turkey (_see also_ Ottoman Empire and the Turks; Turks): vii, 15, 16,
170, 171
Turks (_see also_ Ottoman Empire and the Turks): 3, 4, 15, 50, 53, 55
Turnu Severin: 44, 99
UTC. _See_ Union of Communist Youth
underemployment: 233, 253, 264, 265
Uniate Church: 4, 13, 67, 68, 69
Union of Communist Youth (Uniunea Tineretului Comunist, UTC): 77, 78,
80, 87, 120, 133, 147-148, 178, 181, 198-199, 200, 201, 213
Union of Student Associations: 77, 80, 198, 200
Unitarians: 4, 5, 13, 53, 73
United Nations: ix, 155, 168, 170, 172
United Principalities: 16
United States: 23, 167, 170, 190;
trade, 158, 246, 250-251
universities (_see also_ University of Bucharest): 75, 76, 80, 81, 84,
85-86, 88, 199, 200, 221;
foreign, 15;
teachers, 116;
workers, 87
University of Bucharest: 107
uranium: 277
urban society: 4, 15, 17, 38, 41, 49, 54, 57, 62, 75, 87, 102, 141,
255, 264;
government, 124, 125, 126
Vacarescu, Iancu: 104
Valbudea, Stefan Ionescu: 98
values and traditions: political, 153-154;
social, 49, 62-63, 65
Vatican (_see also_ pope): 69, 71
vegetables: 254, 256, 261, 268, 270, 272, 273
vegetation (_see also_ forests and forestry): 36
Vietnam (_see also_ Provisional Revolutionary Government of South
Vietnam; Republic of Vietnam): 158
villages: 38, 41, 91, 100;
justice, 194
Vlachs: 11, 12, 50
Vyshinsky, Andrei: 23
wages (_see also_ income): 88, 149, 260-261, 263-264, 285;
prisoners, 208
Walachia: vii, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 43, 47, 254;
cultural, 96, 97, 99, 103;
history, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 37, 67, 74;
population, 41, 54
Warsaw Pact. _See_ Warsaw Treaty Organization
Warsaw Treaty Organization (_see also_ Czechoslovakia): ix, 1, 2, 7, 8,
28, 46, 135, 136, 156, 159, 161, 164, 166, 167, 168, 171, 172, 203,
211, 212, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227
waterways: ix, 29, 44, 45-46, 48
West Germany. _See_ Federal Republic of Germany
Western nations (_see also_ individual nations): 163, 164, 169, 171, 182;
cultural influence (_see also_ France), 91, 93, 95, 98, 99, 100, 101,
104, 105, 107, 132, 152, 168, 187, 189, 190;
economic relations, 8, 25, 27, 158, 168, 229, 230, 246, 247, 248,
250, 251, 275
wildlife: 32-33
women: viii, 39, 40, 57, 79, 141, 143, 180, 181, 208, 209;
labor, 56-57, 58, 264, 283;
organizations, 5, 126, 127, 135, 147, 199
working class (_see also_ peasantry): 6, 17, 58, 59-60, 61, 86, 92,
126, 142, 143, 148, 149, 152
World Council of Churches: 72
World War I: 3, 4, 9, 17-18, 32, 37, 40, 74, 212
World War II: 9, 20-21, 32, 33, 37, 40, 41, 54, 72, 113, 226, 277
youth (_see also_ students; Union of Communist Youth): 7, 73, 76, 78,
82, 141, 152, 180, 193, 199-201, 203, 219;
organizations, 5, 57, 77, 78, 105, 126, 127, 132, 135, 144, 147, 152,
198, 199, 200, 201, 281
Yugoslavia: 3, 33, 39, 46, 164, 166, 167, 182, 219, 278, 279;
border, vii, xiv, 10, 29, 34, 37, 216, 217
Zhivkov, Todor: 166
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+---------------------------------------------------+
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| Page 150 leaderwhip changed to leadership |
| Page 159 indepedence changed to independence |
| Page 160 spokemen changed to spokesmen |
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| Page 238 pecentage changed to percentage |
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