THE HURRICANE AT DOMINICA, 1806--THE REDUCTION OF ST. THOMAS AND ST.
CROIX, 1807--THE RELIEF OF MARIE-GALANTE, 1808.
In 1806, Dominica was visited by a terrific hurricane, from which the
1st West India Regiment suffered some loss. On the afternoon of the 9th
of September the sky became totally overcast, and masses of clouds
gathered over the island. About 7 p.m. a tremendous thunderstorm
commenced, accompanied by violent gusts of wind, which increased in
strength, until by 10 p.m., every vessel in the harbour, to the number
of sixteen, was either sunk or driven ashore. The rain fell in such
torrents that the whole of the barracks on Morne Bruce, where a
company-of the 1st West India Regiment was stationed, and nearly the
whole of those on Morne Cabot, were carried away, and three men of the
1st West India Regiment were killed, and several injured. Every house
from the River Mohaut to Prince Rupert's was overthrown, and the town of
Portsmouth was laid in ruins. In Roseau, 131 persons were killed or
wounded, the greatest mischief being there caused by the overflowing of
the river, which inundated the town in all directions, every house which
obstructed its passage being swept away by the torrent. "No pen," says a
witness of the scene, "can paint the horrors of that dreadful night! The
tremendous noise occasioned by the wind and rain--the roaring of the
waters, together with the shock of an earthquake, which was sensibly
felt about midnight--the shrieks of the poor sufferers crying out for
assistance--the terror of those who in their houses heard them, and
dared not open a door or window to give succour, and who momentarily
expected to share the same fate, formed a scene which can hardly be
conceived, and is still more difficult to be described."
The regiment remained stationed at Dominica until the month of April,
1807, when it was removed to Barbados, with the exception of four
companies which had been detached to Grenada and Tobago, and which soon
after rejoined head-quarters at Barbados.
In this year also, the establishment of West India regiments was
augmented by a second lieutenant-colonel, Major Samuel Huskisson, from
the 8th Foot, being appointed the second lieutenant-colonel of the 1st
West India Regiment by the _Gazette_ of the 2nd of June.
A war having broken out with Denmark, the British Ministers, early in
September, 1807, sent out orders to the Commander of the Forces in the
West Indies, to reduce the Danish islands of St. John, St. Thomas and
Saint Croix, and the 1st West India Regiment, with the other troops
stationed at Barbados, embarked in men-of-war under General Bowyer, on
the 15th of December, to proceed on this duty. On the 19th of December
the expedition reached Sandy Point, Saint Christopher's, and receiving
some troops from that garrison, sailed again the same day; arriving at
St. Thomas, where it was joined by reinforcements from Antigua and
Grenada, on the 21st. A summons to surrender was at once sent to the
Governor, Von Scholten, the terms of which he accepted next day, and
surrendered the islands of St. Thomas and St. John with their
dependencies. A small garrison of the 70th Regiment being left at St.
Thomas, the 1st division of the troops, in which was included the 1st
West India Regiment, sailed on the evening of the 23rd for Saint Croix.
The expedition arrived off the town of Frederickstadt on the 24th; and
the Governor having capitulated on the 25th, the troops were landed, and
the forts and batteries taken possession of, a royal salute being fired
as the British colours were hoisted. Next night, the garrison and town
of Christianstadt, on the other side of the island, were also occupied.
The 1st West India Regiment during this expedition was commanded by
Major Nathaniel Blackwell; and after the surrender of Saint Croix, it at
once returned to Barbados. In January, 1808, three companies were
detached from Barbados to Antigua, and one to Tobago; the detachment at
Antigua rejoining head-quarters in October of the same year.
The next service seen by the regiment was at Marie-Galante,[33] in 1808.
Deseada and Marie-Galante, the former a few miles to the north-east, and
the latter a few miles to the south-east of Guadaloupe, had been
captured by Captain Selby and a naval force in March, 1808. Deseada, the
French Governor of Guadaloupe allowed to remain unmolested; but
Marie-Galante was so good a privateer station, and its loss also brought
the British so much more nearly in contact with him, that he determined
to try to recover it.
The attempt was made on the 23rd of August, by Colonel Cambriel, who,
with about 200 men in seventeen boats stole over from Guadaloupe and
landed near Grand Bourg. They were preparing to attack the battery when
they were espied from the _Circe_; thirty of whose seamen hurried on
shore, threw themselves into the battery before the French could reach
it, and gave them such a warm reception as to compel them to retreat.
The enemy's boats were seized by the _Circe_, and the escape of the
French being thus cut off, they retired to the centre of the island.
Intelligence of their landing was forwarded to General Beckwith, at
Barbados, who lost no time in sending Lieutenant-Colonel Blackwell[34]
with three companies of the 1st West India Regiment against them.
The following is Lieutenant-Colonel Blackwell's report to General
Beckwith:
"GRAND BOURG, MARIE-GALANTE,
"_Sept. 4th, 1808_.
"SIR,
"I have the honour to inform you that the troops which you were
pleased to place under my command arrived here, in H.M. Ship
_Captain_, on the 29th of August; and finding from Captain Pigot,
commander of this island, that the French troops were strongly
posted within three miles of Grand Bourg, I was immediately landed
with the three companies of the 1st West India Regiment; and having
obtained an increase of my force, of about 140 marines, and some
sailors, together with a six-pounder, from the army schooner
_Maria_, I lost no time in fulfilling the instructions I received
from you.
"I have now much satisfaction in reporting, that after a pursuit of
the enemy for five days and nights, and having during that period
had four engagements with him, in each of which he was repulsed, and
obliged to make most precipitate retreat, leaving behind him arms,
ammunition, etc., at every different post that had been attacked,
and at one place in particular, nine mariners (who had been taken
prisoners on the first landing of the enemy), and at another, a
brass six-pounder, which had only arrived from Guadaloupe two days,
and which was found spiked; by constantly marching and harassing
him, we found, on coming within one hundred yards of his front
yesterday morning, that he was willing to surrender, and sending out
a flag of truce, I granted the following terms: 'That the French
troops might march out from the ground they then occupied with the
honours of war, but that they should lay down their arms in front of
the troops, and surrender themselves as prisoners of war, and that
all prisoners taken since their arrival in the island should be
immediately returned.' I was, however, much astonished to find that
Colonel Cambriel, who had commanded the army, was not present when
they surrendered, but I have since understood that he had quitted it
the morning previous, and had returned to Guadaloupe, but I have
some reason to imagine he is still in this island.
"The field-piece I had taken from the army schooner became useless
after the first day, from the tract of the country the enemy led us
over; I therefore sent it back to Grand Bourg, and at the same time
I directed fifty marines to occupy the post of Delosses, three miles
from town, which kept up the communication with the interior of the
island.
"In our several attacks, it gives me pleasure to say that we have
had only two privates wounded, one of them since dead. The loss on
the part of the enemy I have not ascertained, but imagine it to have
been considerable. I am sorry to mention to you that a gentleman
from Antigua, of the name of Brown, being a prisoner of war, was in
rear of the enemy's picket when attacked on the evening of the 2nd
instant, and received a mortal wound. The force which has been
brought from Guadaloupe I have not yet exactly found out, but from
all accounts must have been above 200 rank and file.
"From the return I send herewith, you will find that 162 privates
have laid down their arms, and there are at present many who have
been sick dispersed through the country. The inhabitants that joined
were very considerable. I believe their number amounted to from four
to five hundred....
"I have likewise to return my best thanks to all the officers,
non-commissioned officers, and privates who were under my command,
for the cheerfulness with which they went through the long and
harassing marches, and I think it is a duty incumbent upon me to
mention to you their extreme good conduct since they have been in
the field.
"I have the honour to be, etc.,
(Signed) "NATH. BLACKWELL,
"Lieut.-Colonel 4th W.I. Regiment."
"Return of prisoners who surrendered on the 3rd of September, 1808: 4
captains, 8 lieutenants, 162 rank and file, 1 staff.
"Return of arms, ammunition, and accoutrements taken and destroyed from
30th August to 3rd September: 1 field-piece, 450 firelocks, 200 belts
and pouches, and 24 kegs of ball-cartridge.
"Ammunition for field-piece not ascertained."
On this occasion was captured the drum-major's staff of the French 26th
Regiment (now in the possession of the 1st West India Regiment), bearing
the motto: "La Republique Francaise une et indivisible. Battalion
26me," and surmounted by the cap of Liberty.
Of the companies of the regiment employed on this service, one was the
grenadier company under Captain Cassidy, another the light company under
Captain Winkler, and the third a battalion company under Lieutenant
Nixon. On the return of the detachment to Barbados it was formed up on a
garrison parade at St. Ann's on the right of the regiment; and
Lieutenant-General Beckwith, after thanking Lieutenant-Colonel Blackwell
and the officers and men engaged for their meritorious exertions,
presented the former with a sword.
FOOTNOTES:
[Footnote 33: See map of Guadaloupe.]
[Footnote 34: Major Nathaniel Blackwell, 1st West India Regiment, was,
by the _Gazette_ of May 24th, 1808, promoted Lieutenant-Colonel of the
4th West India Regiment, for his services at the reduction of the Danish
West India Islands. At this time he had not yet joined his new corps.]