of persons who ought to be contributors to (*?) (I like the idea of a
recent correspondent better than "N. & Q." with its marks of quotation)
to a much larger extent than is the case. I mean those who having asked
questions, and profited by the answer, find additional answer, or better
answer, by their subsequent researches. As one of these, in reference to
my Query about Latin names of towns in Vol. i., I mention the list given
in Riccioli's _Geographia et Hydrographiæ Reformatæ_, of which the first
edition was licensed in 1658 (I don't know where it was printed), and
the record is of Venice, folio, 1672. This work contains, from more than
250 authors whose names are given, more than 8500 Latin names rendered
into vernacular, and a much larger number reversely given.
M.
_Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head_ (Vol. v., p. 175.).--L. G. T. will
find, in _Wanderings in North Wales_, by William Cathrall, published by
W.S. Orr and Co., the following answer to his Query:--
"There are several copper mines conducted here with great success.
In October, 1849, the miners in the course of their labours, broke
into an immense cavern, the roof of which, being one mass of
stalactite, reflected back their lights with dazzling splendour.
On examination the work turned out to be an ancient work, probably
Roman, the benches, stone hammers, &c. used by that ancient
people, having been found entire, together with many bones of
mutton. The bones were to all appearance as fresh, though
impregnated with copper, as they were when denuded of their fleshy
covering, after remaining, as they must have done, nearly 2000
years in the bowels of the earth. The cavern is about forty yards
long."
The date of the cavern is, therefore, long anterior to the Catholic
times.
WM. DURRANT COOPER.
_Brozier_ (Vol. ii., p. 44.).--An Essex clergyman, who agrees with MR.
GATTY in deriving the word from the Greek verb Βρωσκω, to
devour, or eat like a beast, observes, that we still describe that act
when we speak of "the _browsing_ cattle." He also mentions that when he
was at Westminster, the word was there used in the same sense as at
Eton, and he well recollects one of his schoolfellows _broziered_ to
such an extent that his life was despaired of.
BRAYBROOKE.
_Passage in Troilus and Cressida_ (Vol. v., p. 178.).--In reply to your
correspondent W. S. D. I have only to say, that my folio of 1632, with
early manuscript emendations, does not contain any alteration of the
line in _Troilus and Cressida_, Act I. Sc. 3.:
"Peaceful commerce from dividable shores;"
which seems to me quite intelligible without any change. In the next
line it reads "primogeniture" for "primogeni_tive_", and as I apprehend
rightly, the concluding syllable _tive_ having been caught by the
compositor from "prerogative," the first word in the line immediately
below it.
I may take this opportunity of saying that no play in my volume is more
patiently corrected than _Troilus and Cressida_; and that in a preceding
speech by Nestor it confirms a correction by Theobald in the first
line--god_like_ for "godly;" and by Sir Thomas Hanmer in the last
line--_replies_ for "retires." Malone printed _returns_ after Pope,
which answers the sense very well, but is hardly so probable a misprint.
I am sorry to say that I thought otherwise when I published my
Shakspeare; and I never can sufficiently regret that this corrected copy
of the second folio did not fall into my hands until some years after I
had completed that undertaking.
J. PAYNE COLLIER.
_Nelson Family_ (Vol. v., p. 176.).--If FRANCISCUS will refer to the
pedigree of the Nelson family, in Hoare's _History of Modern Wiltshire_
(Downton Hundred), he will find that _William Nelson_, who settled at
Dunham parva in Norfolk, and who was the great-grandfather of the naval
hero, was the son of _Edmund_ Nelson of Scarning, in the same county,
and grandson of _Thomas_ of the same place, which Thomas, according to
the same pedigree, was the son of another William, who is stated to have
been a Nelson of Mandesley, the same family from which the Chuddleworth
Nelsons are derived in Burke's account. I have tested the general
accuracy of this pedigree, which was, I believe, compiled by Mr. Matcham
from the parochial registers, but I much doubt the assumed descent from
the Mandesley family, as I find Nelsons inhabiting the neighbourhood of
Scarning at a period prior to the supposed migration.
G. A. C.
_Maps of Africa_ (Vol. v., p. 174.).--I have been intending for some
time to write to you on the same subject as _Paterfamiliæ_, but the
Christian grace of laziness has been too strong for me. _Paterfamiliæ_,
however, has aroused me. My case is this: five years ago I commenced a
map, for my own use, of the shores of the Mediterranean, and such
countries as received Christianity up to the period of the Council of
Nice; and I had a hope of eventually being able to carry out the plan
suggested by DR. MAITLAND, in his work on the Dark Ages, and an
intention of making mysterious marks to indicate the scene of any great
persecution, remarkable synod, or other notable event. Well! I got on
very well, by the help of Kiepert and Cramer, through Greece, Asia
Minor, and Italy. Indeed, I managed to be content with all my sources,
as far as Europe was concerned; but when I had advanced as far as North
Africa, I came to a dead stop. There really was absolutely no map that I
could find that I could trust for the site of Carthage or Alexandria.
There were no "N. & Q." when I found myself at a stand-still; but I
asked all the friends about me, and I verily believe that to the
majority of those I spoke to it appeared an unreasonable thing for any
man to expect a map of the regions I wanted described. There seemed a
kind of feeling that when a man had got a map of Caffraria and Egypt,
and perhaps knew where Algiers _might_ be, he knew quite as much about
Africa as he ought. Can any of your correspondents now help me? Is there
no authentic _French_ map of at least some portion of the coast; or is
there any map in existence among ourselves that is not palpably a "fancy
portrait?"
AJAX.
_Muggleton_ (Vol. v., p. 80.).--The Muggletonian sect probably still
exists. I was surprised at finding a shop for the sale of its
publications immediately within St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, about five
years ago. Perhaps R.S. may think it worth while to look whether the
same trade be still carried on there.
J. C. R.
_Passage in Hamlet_ (Vol. v., p. 169.).--I have just read A. E. B.'s
Notes on Shakspeare, No. II. His long criticism, ending in his own
suggestion of a new reading of the passage in _Hamlet_, does not
convince me that he has found the true reading yet. I suggest the
following:
"The dram of base
Doth all the noble substance often _dull_,
To his own scandal."
This reading of mine only makes it necessary to substitute the letters
_n_ and _ll_, for _a_ and _o_, in the quarto of 1605.
_Dull_ is a favourite word of Shakspeare's; and surely it makes at least
as good sense as any of the other readings. It is questionable whether
the lines are Shakspeare's; for the whole passage, from "This
heavy-headed revel," to "To his own scandal," is omitted in the first
and second folios, and also in the first known quarto of "1603."
To prove how easy it is for printers, or copiers from original
manuscripts of authors, to make mistakes, I will call your attention to
a serious blunder in the _first edition_ of Ben Jonson's verses
addressed to the Earl of Somerset, which are in the _Athenæum_ of Feb.
21st. The twenty-first and twenty-second lines are thus printed:
"So in theyr number may you neuer see
Mortality, till you a _mortall_ be."
Ben wrote "_immortall_."
H. F.
_Theoloneum_ (Vol. v., p. 105.).--Theoloneum is a toll, _i.e._ the
payment made in markets and fairs for goods bought and sold. It was the
property of the lord to whom the fair or market belonged by patent from
the crown.
Henry III., by letters patent, dated at Windsor 15th May, in the
thirty-first year of his reign, grants to the abbot, &c. of Fecamp, the
manors at Cheltenham and Slaughter, &c. &c. &c. in exchange for the
villes of Winchelsea and Rye, which had been granted to the said abbot,
&c. by Edward the Confessor; to hold them--
"adeo libera et quieta sicut antea tenuerunt Winchelsee et la Rye
ratione donationis eis facte a felicis memorie sancto Adwardo, et
concessionum ac confirmationum postmodum abitarum a Willelmo et
Henrico Regibus Anglie de terra de Staniges cum omnibus apendiciis
suis. Inter que reputabantur Winchelsee et la Rye. In cujus regis
Willelmi carta continebantur hujusmodi libertates; videlicet, quod
predicti abbas et monachi Phiscanenses habeant terram de Staniges,
cum omnibus omnino apendiciis suis et cum omnibus legibus,
libertatibus, liberis consuetudinibus quietanciis placitis,
querelis, et causis que sunt vel fore possunt, absque ulla
inquietudine et diminutione cujuslibet secularis vel judiciaria
potestatis sicut res ad Phiscum dominicum pertinentes et quod
predicta terra cum omnibus apendiciis suis libera sit et quieta ab
omni consuetudine terrene servitutis et ab omni dominacione et
subjeccione Baronum et principum et omnium aliorum. Et quod
prefati abbas et Monachi Phiscanenses et eorum ministri habeant
omnem regiam libertatem et consuetudinem et omnem justiciam suam
de omnibus rebus et negociis que in terra sua evenient vel
poterunt evenire, nec aliquis nisi per eos se inde intromittat.
Quia hoc totum regale beneficium est et ab omni servitute quietum.
Et quod si aliquis quicquam contra hujusmodi concessionem
presumat, ad phiscum dominicum coactus auri libras centum
persolvat."
I have ventured to subjoin this recital from the charter of William,
thinking that it may be acceptable to your querist, as fully explanatory
of the transaction to which his question refers.
LAMBERT A. LARKING.
_Donkey_ (Vol. v., pp. 78. 165.).--In Chaucer's _Canterbury Tales_, v.
16954., we have--
"Ther gan our hoste to jape and to play,
And sayde: sires what? _Dun_ is in the mire."
There is also an old proverbial simile:
"As dull as _Dun_ in the mire."
It is supposed that _Dun_ was a nickname applied to the ass from his
colour, in the same way as _Burnell_, in the _Chester Whitsun Playes_,
MS. Harl. 2013., and _Russell_ applied to the fox, _Canterbury Tales_,
v. 15340.
As to the termination _key_, it is probably (as in _monkey_, _jockey_,
which are the only words of similar formation which I can call to mind
at present) the same as _kin_, which has the force of a diminutive in
words like _lambkin_, _mannikin_, &c.
JUVENIS.
_Sir Samuel Garth_ (Vol. v., p. 151.).--I believe it will be found
difficult to find the place of this celebrated physician's birth. In the
fourth volume of Mr. Surtees' _History of the County of Durham_, pp. 26,
27., there is an interesting account of him, to which is added a
pedigree of his family. Surtees, in a note, says:
"There is no trace of his having ever revisited the north, and I
have in vain endeavoured to glean anything of correspondence, or
of traditional anecdote."
FRA. MEWBURN.
Darlington.
_Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, &c.: Mr. Bush's Collection_
(Vol. v., p. 178.).--I suspect Mr. Bush's proposed collection was never
published. In an old MS. account of the Fellows of King's, I find the
following extract. I copy it as it stands:
"1718.
"Cha. Bush, of Harmondsworth, Middx. Res on being denied his
Degree of A. B. in College from Party.... A Clk. of the Record
Off. in the Tower, 1725. April 27, 1726, he published _proposals
for printing by Subsr_. A lott of Charters and Letters Patent, and
other Instruments concerning the Creation and Investiture of the
eldest sons of the K's of Engl. as Princes of Wales, D. of
Cornwall & E. of Chester & Flint, together with several Extracts
out of the Parl. Rolls relating to the Honor, Dignity, & Estate of
the P. of Wales, from the time of Edward first, P. of Wales
(afterwards K. E. 2) to the time of E. 4. inclusive, faithfully
collated from the Records of the Tower by C. B. one of the Clks.
of the Record Off. in the T. & late Fell. of K. C. C.
"He was taken into the Ordnance Office to assist in methodising
the Papers belonging to it, and was after Sec. to the Board of
Ordnance."
It would seem Mr. Bush's proposals did not meet with a favourable
reception, or perhaps his removal to an important government office
prevented his fulfilling his intentions. It is to be hoped he returned
his subscriptions (if any).
J. H. L.
_Litera scripta manet_ (Vol. v., p. 200.).--The following extract, if
not complete answer to the query on _Litera scripta manet_, is a curious
instance of the early use of that maxim, and I transcribe it with
pleasure as a specimen of one of the best informed and most interesting
of our medieval prose writers. I rely, as to orthography and
punctuation, on Joseph Ames:
"Considering that wordes ben perisshyng, wayne, and forgateful,
and wrytynes duelle and abide permanent, as I rede, _Vox audita
perit, litera scripta manet_. Thise thinges have caused that the
faites and deeds of auncient men ben sette by declaracion in fair
and aourned volumes, to thende that science and artes, lerned and
founden, of thinges passed might be had in perpetuel memorye and
remembraunce," &c.
"William Caxton.
"Westmestre by London, 1481.
BOLTON CORNEY.
Miscellaneous.
NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
_The Athenæum_ of Saturday the 21st February announces that Sir F.
Madden has secured for the British Museum the celebrated "Bedford
Missal," and several other beautiful MSS., by the wise expenditure of
three thousand pounds. The other MSS., not described by _The Athenæum_,
are, we believe, the _Breviary of Isabella of Spain_, presented to her
by Francisco de Rojas in 1497, on the occasion of the double marriage of
her children, Don Juan and Doña Juana, to Margaret of Austria and Philip
the Fair, which sold at Mr. Hurd's sale in 1832 for 520_l._; the _Hours
of Juana of Castile_, wife of Philip the Fair, formerly in Hanrott's
library; the _Hours of Francis I._, which sold in Sir Mark Masterman
Sykes's sale, 1824, for 163_l._ 16_s._; the _Hours of François
d'Inteville_, Bishop of Auxerre, executed in 1525, formerly in
Beckford's collection; another volume of _Hours_ of the sixteenth
century, and a fine copy, in two large vols. folio, of the French
translation of Petrus Comestor's _Historia Scholastica_, by Guiart des
Molins, completed in 1294. While we agree with our contemporary in our
approval of this purchase, we cannot help adding to that approval a hope
that neither the trustees nor the treasury will make this expenditure an
excuse for not enabling the keeper of the MSS. to make extensive
purchases at the sales of valuable historical collections which are
expected to take place in the course of the present year.
At a general meeting of the Percy Society held last Thursday week, the
dissolution of the Society was determined on; and the meeting came to
the very proper resolution of not selling the stock of books in hand,
which would have had the effect of depreciating the market-value of the
Society's publications, but of distributing them among the existing
members. It is proposed, we believe, to form a new Society on a somewhat
similar plan; but which is to have for its object the reprinting,
without abridgment or omission, of such rare but well chosen tracts by
Greene, Nash Breton, Taylor the Water Poet, &c. as afford valuable
illustration of manners, or are interesting in any other point of view.
We have received from Messrs. Rivington a new volume containing _Eight
Essays on Various Subjects_, by the Rev. S. R. Maitland, D.D. The pages
of "N. & Q." have been so frequently enriched by contributions from the
able pen of the writer of these Essays, and he has in the work in
question spoken so kindly of this journal, that we feel it will be more
respectful to one who does not need our praise--which might under these
circumstances be attributed to interested motives--if we limit our
notice of the subject of the volume to an enumeration of the titles of
the essays. They are as follows:--I. _On the Mystical Interpretation of
Scripture_; II. _Sacred Art_--No. 1. _Music_; III. _Sacred Art_--No. 2.
_Painting_; IV. _Matter of Fact_; V. _The Fulness of the Gentiles_; VI.
_The Waldenses and Albigenses_; VII. _Perrin's History of the Vaudois_;
VIII. _The Lollards_. When we add that to these are appended the
following notes:--A. _Cowper's Nightcap_; B. _Vauxhall_; C. _The School
of Declamation_; D. _On Political Prophecies_; E. _The "Mirabilis Liber"
and "Petrus de Bardis"_; F. _Extracts from Lollard Prophecies_: we think
we have shown all who know the learning, honesty of purpose, strong
common sense, and racy humour of the Essayist, that the book is one to
be looked after, and to be looked at.
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