of Alby and cardinal of Arras, but bishop of Arras and cardinal of
Alby. He was the son of a merchant at Luxeuil in Franche Comté. His
ecclesiastical ambition displayed itself very early in life and pushed
him on to the episcopal dignity through the patronage of the duke of
Burgundy. He then found means to persuade his sovereign that it was for
his dignity to have one of his own subjects promoted to a cardinal's
hat and appointed papal legate in his dominions. Solicitations
were accordingly made at Rome both by the duke and by Louis (then
dauphin) to have this high honour bestowed upon Joffredy; and when
Louis succeeded to the crown, Joffredy was given to understand that
there would be no difficulty in his attaining the dignity provided
he would use his best endeavours with the king for the abolition of
the pragmatic sanction. Joffredy readily undertook the pious office
enjoined him, and was rewarded with the red hat very shortly after. [Du
Clos.
Page. 141. line 6. from the bottom. _Reconciliation._] Ever since the
war with the people of Ghent in 1452, the count de Charolois had seldom
resided at the court of his father, and was chiefly at the castle of
Gorcum which he had fortified so as to render it almost impregnable
and ornamented for his residence at a great expence and with royal
magnificence. See Heuterus.
Page 154. line 9. _Duke of Berry._] Charles, duke of Berry, afterwards
of Normandy, and of Guienne, the only brother of the king then alive.
Page 158. last line. _Arms._] The unpopularity of the old duke of
Savoy, and Amadeus, his eldest son, was principally owing to their
unwarlike and devotional temper so adverse to the notions and habits
of a martial nobility. Lewis, the second son, had married the heiress
of Cyprus after the death of her first husband, the duke of Coimbra;
and possibly the adventurous spirit of the times anticipated the glory
of an expedition for the recovery of a kingdom which had been snatched
from a female sovereign by an illegitimate usurper, aided by the
forces of the infidels. Another and more just ground of discontent was
the manifest subjection in which both father and son held themselves
enthralled to the pleasure of the king of France. On the other hand,
Philip count of Bresse, (a younger son of the duke of Savoy, not the
third as here stated, but the eighth of his numerous male issue) was
a prince of the greatest promise, of high military spirit, and a
commanding person; and the duke his father (who, in the course of his
religious exercises, had probably paid great attention to the history
of David and Absalom) was so afraid of the popularity which these
endowments ensured him, that he actually abandoned his dominions to
seek the protection of Louis XI. against this imaginary danger. He was
at this time very infirm in body; and Amadeus, his eldest son, who
followed the steps of his father in all things, was no less so from his
cradle.
Page 159. line 3. from the bottom. _Bastard._] Baldwin the eighth
son of this numerous family of bastards, was lord of Falaise and
Somergheim, and had several children by his marriage with a lady of the
house of la Cerda.
Page 161. line 10. from the bottom. _Duke._] The historians of Savoy
relate that this act of violence and injustice was committed at the
suit of the duke of Savoy, his father. He was not released till after
the old duke's death in 1465.
Page 161. line 3. from the bottom. _John._] Before called the count of
Estampes. His only daughter and heir conveyed the counties of Nevers,
&c. into the house of Cleves, by marriage with John duke of Cleves.
Page 163. line 1. _Earl of Warwick._] Stowe says that the lord
Montacute, Warwick's brother, commanded in this engagement, and that he
was rewarded by Edward with the earldom of Northumberland.
Page 168. line 3. from the bottom. _Pope Pius._] This is the celebrated
Æneas Sylvius, perhaps the most able as well as the most learned, in
the catalogue of Roman pontiffs. The object which he had principally
at heart was the expulsion of the Turks from Europe by a coalition of
the princes of Christendom; and, had he lived, it is not improbable
that he might have seen the accomplishment of his wishes by the gradual
operation of his influence over the European governments. He earnestly
recommended the prosecution of the enterprize to the cardinals who
attended him, even with his latest breath. He died of a fever at
Ancona where he had resided for some months in order to inspect
the equipment of the fleet and armies destined for this important
expedition. See afterwards, p. 378.
Page 169. line 14. from the bottom. _Whom._] Monstrelet, here speaks
very guardedly, and Comines does not hazard an explicit opinion.
Heuterus says positively, that the king sent Rubempré on this mission
with orders to take the count either dead or alive, and he adds,
that it was in consequence of a conspiracy in which he knew him to
be already engaged with the dukes of Brittany and Berry. But this
authority, if unsupported, is of little weight since he wrote more
than a century afterwards. I have not seen Olivier de la Marche. This
bastard de Rubempré was, I believe, the son of the count de Vendôme,
who married the daughter and heir of Charles lord of Rubempré, and
assumed the title of that lordship.
Page 173. line 5. _Lord de Crequi._] John V. lord of Crequy, who died
very old in 1474 leaving John VI. his son and successor who married
Frances de Rubempré daughter of the lord de Bievres. His other sons
were James lord de Pontdormi, killed at the battle of Nancy. Francis
lord of Douriers, &c.
Page 175. line 8. _Holland._] This circumstance, as far as it goes,
gives some weight to Heuterus. What could the vice-chancellor of
Brittany have to do in Holland, _in his way from England_, unless
charged with some commissions of a secret nature from the duke his
master to the count de Charolois?
Page 185. line 1. _Lord de Torcy._] John d'Estouteville, master of the
cross-bows, captain of Rouen, and knight of St Michel.
Page 187. line 5. from the bottom. _Old._] The duke of Orleans, being
present at this assembly held at Tours, ventured to defend the duke of
Bretagne against some of the charges instituted by the king; and his
remonstrances offended Louis so highly that he fell into a passion and
called him a rebel, or the favourer of a rebel. The duke, being then
very old and infirm took this conduct so much to heart that it hastened
his death which happened a few days afterwards. This prince, after the
battle of Agincourt, had sustained 25 years of captivity with exemplary
fortitude, applying his mind to study and reflexion; and he derived
so much benefit from the lessons of calamity that at his death he was
universally regretted as one of the most virtuous princes that France
had ever known. He left by his duchess Mary of Cleves (whom he married
after his return to France) one son, afterwards king of France; and two
daughters, one the abbess of Fontevrauld, the other the wife of John de
Foix viscount of Narbonne. Du Clos.
Page 225. line 5. from the bottom. _Sir Anthony de Baudoin._] Qu.
Anthony and Baldwyn? These were the names of the two bastards.
Page 226. line 12. from the bottom. _Toulongeon._] John IV. lord of
Toulongeon and Senecey, died in 1462, without issue. He was son of John
III. marshal of Burgundy mentioned in a former volume. Upon his death
Claude de Toulongeon lord of Trave, of a younger branch became head of
the family; and it is he who is here mentioned. He died in 1495.
Page 234. line 12. _Lord de Boullencourt._] Hué de Mailly, lord of
Lorsignol and Bouillencourt, governor of Montdidier; fifth son of
Colart de Mailly, celebrated for his crusade in Prussia, and brother of
Colart de Mailly, who was killed at Agincourt together with his father.
Page 245. line 16. _Lord de Barbasan._] Beraud de Faudoas was
instituted heir by the valiant Barbasan, who died 1432.
Page 245. line 16. _Flocquet Salzart._] A mistake. It should be
"Floquet Salazar, and other captains." Robert Floquet was bailiff of
Evreux, and is mentioned before in page 396 of this volume.
John de Salazar, surnamed "le grand chevalier," lord of St Just, &c.
&c. chamberlain to Charles the seventh, and further recompensed for his
great services by the lordship of Issoudun, died in 1479 at Troyes in
Champagne. He married Margaret de la Trimouille, daughter of George
count of Guisnes, and had by her, Hector lord of St Just, Galeas lord
of Lez, Lancelot lord of Marcilly, all celebrated warriors, and Tristan
bishop of Meaux, who in 1471 was promoted to the archbishoprick of Sens.
Page 252. line 12. _Victory._] There has seldom been a battle fought
with so much loss on both sides and so indecisive in the result. The
count de Charolois was so far from carrying off the undisputed honours
of victory that many writers of the time ascribe it to the king;
and even between the relations of two who were present during the
engagement, and both in the count's army, there is so wide a difference
in this respect as would be unaccountable were it not for the peculiar
circumstances that attended this engagement. The cause of this
uncertainty and contradiction is to be found in the frequent changes
of fortune which took place during the important struggle. Victory had
no sooner appeared to declare herself in one part of the field but in
another part all was terror, dismay, and rout on the victorious side.
"Both parties believed or affected to believe that the victory rested
with them, but disorder and confusion reigned on every side; and this
is the reason of the difference to be found in the various relations of
the affair." However, as the business turned out ultimately to be of
some advantage to the king's affairs, and the count could not possibly
lay claim to any benefit whatever from the event of the day, the former
seems upon the whole to have had the best right to boast of success.
See Du Clos.
Page 256. line 2. _Lord de Harnes._] The lord de Hames. See before.
Page 256. line 8. from the bottom. _Admiral of France._] A mistake.
The count du Maine was never admiral of France. It should be thus;
"the count du Maine, the admiral of France, and his other captains."
Upon the death of Pregent de Coetivy in 1450, John de Bueil count of
Sancerre was advanced to this dignity. After the accession of Louis XI.
he was displaced, and John lord of Montauban and Landale appointed to
succeed him. This is the nobleman here mentioned. He died in 1466 much
regretted by the king, and was succeeded in his high office by Louis
bastard of Bourbon, count of Rousillon. [Morery's list of the admirals
of France.
Page 259. line 4 from the bottom. _Count de Charny._] Peter de
Bauffremont count of Charny.
Page 262. line 4. _Nemours._] James, son of Bernard d'Armagnac count of
la Marche, Castries, Pardiac, &c. a younger son of the constable, was
soon after the accession of Louis XI. rewarded for his services in the
wars of Spain by advancement to the dignity of duc et pair de France.
This was, at that time, an unprecedent mark of the royal favour, and
greatly offended the princes of the blood as well as the noblemen
of the same rank with himself. The policy of Louis, was evidently
twofold; first, to lessen the supposed dignity of those of his own
family by extending it to the families of vassals unconnected with the
blood-royal; secondly, to divide the interests of the powerful house of
Armagnac by exciting a subject of jealousy between the elder and the
younger branch.
Page 263. line 3. _Sir Simon de Lalain._] Not, I believe, the lord of
Montigny mentioned before in p. 76, but another Simon de Lalain lord of
Chevrain and Descaussins.
Page 270. line 7. _Marquis of Rothelin._] The marquis de Rothelin is
said by Commines, however, to have been with the confederated princes
in the army of the duke of Calabria. Rodolph IV. marquis of Hockberg
rotelin and count of Neufchatel in Switzerland, died in 1486 leaving
his son and successor Philip; upon whose death in 1503 without issue
male, the county of Neufchatel passed by marriage into the house of
Dunois Longueville and the marquisate of Hockberg-rotelin reverted (by
virtue of a prior contract) to the house of Baden.
Page 270. line 8. _Count of Horne._] James the first, son of William
the ninth, lord of Hornes, was advanced to the dignity of a count
of the empire by Frederic the third. He died a monk in 1488. His
son James the second, succeeded him, whose son John the second,
dying without issue, bequeathed the county of Hornes to Philip de
Montmorency, lord of Neville, son of his wife by a former marriage.
Floris, the son of Philip, was the count of Hornes so celebrated in the
history of the Netherlands, who, together with the count of Egmont,
perished on the scaffold in 1570.
Page 275. line 9 from the bottom. _Lord de Haisenberghe._] John de
Hynsberg, or Heinsberg, the 52nd bishop of Liege, who had some years
before been compelled to resign his bishopric in favour of Louis de
Bourbon, nephew of the duke of Burgundy.
Page 279. line 20. _Thither._] There must be some mistake in this
passage which I am unable to set right, not having Monstrelet before
me. The widow of Brézé was already in Rouen, where her husband had
been accustomed to reside as seneschal of Normandy; and the duke of
Bourbon obtained entrance by means of a conspiracy entered into between
this lady and Louis de Harcourt, bishop of Bayeux and patriarch of
Jerusalem. See Du Clos. See also, afterwards, page 429.
Page 281. last line. _Montenac,--a village of Messin, near Metz._] A
mistake. The Montenac here mentioned must be the same with the Montenac
which is mentioned at page 333 and there said to be but four leagues
distant from Liege.
Page 284. line 13 from the bottom. _De Gasebecque._] Philip de Hornes
lord of Gaesbeck and Baussignies, grand chamberlain to the duke of
Burgundy, died in 1488 leaving issue Arnold lord of Gaesbeck, and John
lord of Baussignies.
Page 284. line 17. _Grand bailiff of Hainault._] John, son of Anthony
de Rubempré and Jaqueline de Croy, dame de Bievres. He was a great
favourite of duke Charles and fell by his side at the battle of Nancy.
His son was Charles lord of Riviéres.
Page 304. line 5. _Count de Harcourt._] John V, de Rieux, son of
Francis, and grandson of John III. lord of Rieux who acquired the
county of Harcourt by marriage with Joan, daughter and heir of John
VII. last count de Harcourt of the original line. He was made mareschal
of Bretagne by Francis II., and advanced to the dignity of a mareschal
of France in 1504.
But Anthony count de Vaudemont laid claim also to the county of
Harcourt in right of his wife Mary, another daughter of John VII. who
brought the county of Aumale into his house; and John of Lorraine, his
second son, bore the title of count de Harcourt. From the subsequent
passage to which I have referred it seems probable that it is this
nobleman and not the lord de Rieux who is here mentioned.
Page 323. line 10. _Lord de Cohen._] John de Berghes, lord of Cohan.
Page 354. last line. _Amen._] The death of the duke of Burgundy was, in
respect to his corporal suffering, as fortunate as the whole course of
his life had been. He had at that time reigned forty-eight years, for
the most part in peace, and during the whole with unvarying prosperity
over the ample dominions left him by his father, to which, by conquest
and alliances he added very considerably himself; and at last he
yielded up his soul to God, not, (in the words of Pontus Heuterus) "e
morbo continua intemperantia ascito, sed corpore justæ ætatis pleno
decursu confecto, hoc a Deo magno, inter multa alia, ornatus munere,
ut non diu mortis vitæque conflictum senserit, sed paucis diebus
decumbens, extincto levi continuaque febri, calore naturali, quasi
somno oppressus invictus expirarit." He lost the use of his speech for
some time before his dissolution, but his reason did not forsake him
to the last. When his son Charles threw himself upon his knees before
the bed and submissively asked forgiveness of all his offences, the
duke looked upon him with the most affectionate kindness possible and
pressed his hand most tenderly, but was then unable to speak. He was
first buried at Bruges where he died, but upon the death of his widow
Isabella a few years afterwards, his body was removed to be interred by
the side of hers at the Carthusians of Dijon, where those of both his
predecessors lay. His character, as given by Pontus Heuterus, is too
long for this place; but all historians bear witness to the justice of
the following, as drawn by Du Clos in his life of Louis the eleventh.
"La crainte que les princes inspirent, ne marque que leur puissance,
les respects s'addressent a leur dignité: leur gloire veritable nait
de l'estime et de la considération personnelles que l'on a pour eux.
Philippe jouissoit de ces précieux avantages: il fut surnommé _le
bon_, titre plus glorieux que tous ceux qui ne sont fondés que sur
l'orgueil des princes et le malheur des Hommes. Il aimoit ses peuples
autant qu'il en étoit aimè, et satisfaisoit egalement son inclination
et son devoir, en faisant leur bonheur: on rendoit à ses vertus les
respects dûs à son rang. Son commerce étoit aimable, il étoit sensible
au plaisir, aimoit extremement les femmes, et sa cour étoit la plus
galante de l'Europe. En rendant justice à la vertu de ce prince, on ne
doit pas dissimuler, qu'il s'en écarta quelquefois. Il porta trop loin
sa vengeance contre ceux de Dinant; et son ambition, soutenue d'une
conduite prudente, lui fit faire plusieurs usurpations." The count de
Charolois was the only legitimate offspring that survived him. His
illegitimate children were very numerous, and many of the principal
families in the low countries were descended from them. Though very
munificent and splendid on proper occasions, duke Philip had, by his
wise administration, without in the least impoverishing his states,
amassed a treasure amounting to 400,000 crowns of gold in money, and
62,000 marks of silver in plate, all which was soon dissipated by his
son in his extravagant and unnecessary wars.
Page 361. line 3 from the bottom. _Geoffroy de St Belin._] Geoffry de
St Belin, Bailli de Chaumont. He was killed in the battle.
Page 362. line 12. _Lord de la Barde._] Jean Stuyer, lord de la Barde.
Page 370. line 5. _Chancellor Juvenal des Ursins._] The chancellor,
succeeded by Pierre de Morvillier who held the seals to the year 1465.
Page 370. line 6. _Marshal._] The marshal who was thus displaced
appears by Morery's tables to be the famous Saintrailles, and there
are two creations of marshals in the same year; 1st John bastard of
Armagnac, lord of Gourdon, and count of Cominges, and 2nd Joachim
Rouault, lord of Boismenard.
Page 370. line 6. _Admiral._] The admiral, the count de Sancerre,
succeeded by the lord de Montauban. See before.
Page 370. line 8. _Provost of Paris._] John d'Estouteville, lord of
Beyne, succeeded by Jacques de Villiers, lord of l'Isle Adam. See
afterwards, p. 2. Vol. XI.
Page 376. line 2. _Pierre d'Oriole._] Pierre d'Oriole afterwards lord
of Loire and chancellor of France in 1472. He was at first mayor of
Rochelle and being sent on frequent deputations to king Charles
VII. attached himself to the court where he rose through the offices
of maitre des Comptes and general des finances to the high dignity
of chancellor. He was reckoned the best lawyer in France, and till
age impaired his powers, was remarkable for his laboriousness and
exactness. But upon his growing remiss with the increase of years,
Louis deprived him of his chancellorship and gave him the post of first
president of the chamber of accounts which he held with honour till his
death in 1483. Du Clos.
Page 376. line 7. _Sir Charles de Melun._] Charles de Melun, lord of
Nantouillet, lieutenant-general of the kingdom of France, and, in 1465,
appointed grand master. He was at first high in his master's confidence
and esteem but afterwards became suspected, and was accused by his
enemies of treasonable practices and ended his days on a scaffold.
Page 376. line 9. _John Balue._] This extraordinary person was born
at Angle in Poitou and is reported to have been the son of a miller.
Entering into the church he attached himself to the service of Jacques
Juvenal des Ursins, bishop of Poitiers, who had so much confidence in
him that he made him his executor, an office in which it is suspected
he found means to enrich himself considerably. He afterwards dealt
very largely in simoniacal contracts while under the patronage of
Jean de Beauveau bishop of Angers whom he followed to Rome in 1462. On
his return, he attached himself to the court, where the penetration
of the king soon found out his uncommon abilities and advanced him to
the rank of a counsellor of parliament. He had also the administration
of the royal charities, and is called by historians, but improperly,
grand almoner of France, an office which was first created by Charles
the 8th. Of his subsequent life several particulars will appear in the
course of this history and many more may be seen in Du Clos.
Page 392. line 5. _William Charretier._] Chartier. This prelate was
celebrated for his virtue and probity; but did himself no good by
meddling in affairs of state for which he was by no means fit. When the
confederate princes menaced Paris previous to the battle of Montlehery,
he gave his advice to admit them within the walls of the city. His
opinion, fortunately for Louis was over-ruled; but the king never liked
him from that time, and when he died in 1472, Louis took the whimsical
measure of sending his complaints against him to the provost of Paris
in order to have them recorded in his epitaph. Du Clos. See also, vol.
ix. p. 124. where this incident is mentioned.
Page 403. line 9. _Lord de Rambures._] James son of Andrew II; died
after 1488 leaving by Mary de Berghes daughter of John lord of Cohan,
Andrew the third, lord of Rambures his son and successor.
Page 404. line 8 from the bottom. _Lord de Craon._] This lord de Craon
was George de la Trimoille, second son of George count of Guines and
Boulogne and brother of Louis, first prince of Talmont. He was governor
of Burgundy in 1474 and died without issue in 1481.
Page 410. line 19. _Poncet de Riviere._] Poncet de la Riviere, Bailli
de Montferrand, commander of franc-archers, &c. &c. an officer of
distinguished merit, but not connected as some have supposed, with
either the ancient house of the viscounts de Riviere in Gascony, or
with that of Rivers in England. See Morery.
Page 424. line 9. _Staves._] It was in coming out of the house of a
lady of bad fame (probably this very Jeanne du Bois) that the _bishop_
was thus attacked. The trimming he received proved of some service
to him; for from this time he addicted himself wholly to business
and assumed a gravity of deportment which was more suitable to his
ecclesiastical dignity. Du Clos.
Page 424. line 19. _Lord de Villier-le-bôcage._] Raoul, lord of
Villiers-au-bocage, third son of John the fourth, lord of Crequy. He
died in 1472 without issue.
Page 429. line 4. _Lord de Broquemont._] Qu. Braquemont? William de
Braquemont lord of Campremis died some time after 1480, and in him the
family was extinct.
Page 430. line 2 from the bottom. _Bishop of Evreux._] A mistake--the
bishop of Evreux was the most unlikely person in the world to be
concerned in this business. It is evidently the bishop of Bayeux who is
here meant.
_H. Bryer, Printer, Bridge-Street, Blackfriars, London._
Transcriber's note: Original spelling, including possible inconsistencies,
has been retained.