MY FIRST GREAT TRIAL.
ORIGIN OF MY NAME.--A KIND MASTER.--HE IS DROWNED.--MY
MOTHER'S PRAYERS.--A SLAVE AUCTION.--TORN FROM MY
MOTHER.--SEVERE SICKNESS.--A CRUEL MASTER.--SOLD AGAIN AND
RESTORED TO MY MOTHER.
After the sale of my father by Newman, Dr. McPherson would no longer
hire out my mother to him. She returned, accordingly, to his estate.
He was far kinder to his slaves than the planters generally were,
never suffering them to be struck by any one. He was a man of good,
kind impulses, liberal, jovial, hearty. No degree of arbitrary power
could ever lead him to cruelty. As the first negro-child ever born
to him, I was his especial pet. He gave me his own Christian name,
Josiah, and with that he also gave me my last name, Henson, after
an uncle of his, who was an officer in the Revolutionary war. A
bright spot in my childhood was my residence with him--bright, but,
alas! fleeting. Events were rapidly maturing which were to change the
whole aspect of my life. The kind Doctor was not exempt from that
failing which too often besets easy, social natures in a dissipated
community. He could not restrain his convivial propensities.
Although he maintained a high reputation for goodness of heart and
an almost saint-like benevolence, the habit of intemperance steadily
gained ground, and finally occasioned his death. Two negroes on the
plantation found him one morning lying dead in the middle of a narrow
stream, not a foot in depth. He had been away the night previous at
a social party, and when returning home had fallen from his horse,
probably, and being too intoxicated to stagger through the stream,
fell and was drowned. "There's the place where massa got drownded at;"
how well I remember having it pointed out to me in those very words.
For two or three years my mother and her young family of six children
had resided on this estate; and we had been in the main very happy.
She was a good mother to us, a woman of deep piety, anxious above all
things to touch our hearts with a sense of religion. How or where she
acquired her knowledge of God, or her acquaintance with the Lord's
Prayer, which she so frequently taught us to repeat, I am unable to
say. I remember seeing her often on her knees, trying to arrange her
thoughts in prayer appropriate to her situation, but which amounted to
little more than constant ejaculations, and the repetition of short
phrases which were within my infant comprehension, and have remained
in my memory to this hour.
Our term of happy union as one family was now, alas! at an end.
Mournful as was the Doctor's death to his friends it was a far greater
calamity to us. The estate and the slaves must be sold and the
proceeds divided among the heirs. We were but property--not a mother,
and the children God had given her.
Common as are slave-auctions in the southern states, and naturally as
a slave may look forward to the time when he will be put up on the
block, still the full misery of the event--of the scenes which precede
and succeed it--is never understood till the actual experience comes.
The first sad announcement that the sale is to be; the knowledge
that all ties of the past are to be sundered; the frantic terror at
the idea of being sent "down south;" the almost certainty that one
member of a family will be torn from another; the anxious scanning of
purchasers' faces; the agony at parting, often forever, with husband,
wife, child--these must be seen and felt to be fully understood. Young
as I was then, the iron entered into my soul. The remembrance of the
breaking up of McPherson's estate is photographed in its minutest
features in my mind. The crowd collected round the stand, the huddling
group of negroes, the examination of muscle, teeth, the exhibition of
agility, the look of the auctioneer, the agony of my mother--I can
shut my eyes and see them all.
My brothers and sisters were bid off first, and one by one, while
my mother, paralyzed by grief, held me by the hand. Her turn came,
and she was bought by Isaac Riley of Montgomery county. Then I was
offered to the assembled purchasers. My mother, half distracted with
the thought of parting forever from all her children, pushed through
the crowd, while the bidding for me was going on, to the spot where
Riley was standing. She fell at his feet, and clung to his knees,
entreating him in tones that a mother only could command, to buy her
_baby_ as well as herself, and spare to her one, at least, of her
little ones. Will it, can it be believed that this man, thus appealed
to, was capable not merely of turning a deaf ear to her supplication,
but of disengaging himself from her with such violent blows and kicks,
as to reduce her to the necessity of creeping out of his reach, and
mingling the groan of bodily suffering with the sob of a breaking
heart? As she crawled away from the brutal man I heard her sob out,
"Oh, Lord Jesus, how long, how long shall I suffer this way!" I must
have been then between five and six years old. I seem to see and hear
my poor weeping mother now. This was one of my earliest observations
of men; an experience which I only shared with thousands of my race,
the bitterness of which to any individual who suffers it cannot be
diminished by the frequency of its recurrence, while it is dark enough
to overshadow the whole after-life with something blacker than a
funeral pall.
I was bought by a stranger named Robb, and truly a robber he was to
me. He took me to his home, about forty miles distant, and put me
into his negro quarters with about forty others, of all ages, colors,
and conditions, all strangers to me. Of course nobody cared for me.
The slaves were brutalized by this degradation, and had no sympathy
for me. I soon fell sick, and lay for some days almost dead on the
ground. Sometimes a slave would give me a piece of corn bread or a bit
of herring. Finally I became so feeble that I could not move. This,
however, was fortunate for me; for in the course of a few weeks Robb
met Riley, who had bought my mother, and offered to sell me to him
cheap. Riley said he was afraid "the little devil would die," and he
did not want to buy a "dead nigger;" but he agreed, finally, to pay a
small sum for me in horse-shoeing if I lived, and nothing if I died.
Robb was a tavern keeper, and owned a line of stages with the horses,
and lived near Montgomery court-house; Riley carried on blacksmithing
about five miles from that place. This clenched the bargain, and I
was soon sent to my mother. A blessed change it was. I had been lying
on a lot of rags thrown on a dirt floor. All day long I had been left
alone, crying for water, crying for mother; the slaves, who all left
at daylight, when they returned, caring nothing for me. Now, I was
once more with my best friend on earth, and under her care; destitute
as she was of the proper means of nursing me, I recovered my health,
and grew to be an uncommonly vigorous boy and man.
The character of Riley, the master whom I faithfully served for many
years, is by no means an uncommon one in any part of the world; the
evil is, that a domestic institution should anywhere put it in the
power of such a one to tyrannize over his fellow beings, and inflict
so much needless misery as is sure to be inflicted by such a man in
such a position. Coarse and vulgar in his habits, unprincipled and
cruel in his general deportment, and especially addicted to the vice
of licentiousness, his slaves had little opportunity for relaxation
from wearying labor, were supplied with the scantiest means of
sustaining their toil by necessary food, and had no security for
personal rights. The natural tendency of slavery is to convert the
master into a tyrant, and the slave into the cringing, treacherous,
false, and thieving victim of tyranny. Riley and his slaves were no
exception to the general rule, but might be cited as apt illustrations
of the nature of the relation.