[680] The incomplete list in the _Dicc. Bibliog._, vol. viii. records
forty-four published in 1865 and 1866. These include Julio de
Castilho’s _O Senhor Antonio Feliciano de Castilho e O Senhor Anthero
de Quental_ (1865, 2ᵃ ed., 1866), R. Ortigão’s _Litteratura d’Hoje_
(1866), Snr. Braga’s _As Theocracias Litterarias_ (1865), Quental’s
_A Dignidade das Lettras_ (1865), and C. Castello Branco’s _Vaidades
irritadas e irritantes_ (1866).
[681] The _outeiro_ (lit. ‘hill’) was an assembly of poets to _glosar
motes_. Often the gathering-place was outside a convent, from the
windows of which the nuns gave the _motes_ for the poets to gloss.
[682] Historical research and compilation are carried on by Snr.
Fortunato de Almeida in his _Historia da Igreja em Portugal_ (1910,
&c.), and by Snr. Afonso de Dornellas (_Historia e Genealogia_, 1913,
&c.). Snr. Lucio de Azevedo, well known for his studies of Pombal (_O
Marquez de Pombal e a sua epoca_, 1909) and Antonio Vieira (_Historia
de Antonio Vieira_, 2 vols., 1918, 21), is a Brazilian.
[683] For the works of these and other authors here mentioned consult
the Bibliography.
[684] It was published, with the necessary explanations, in two volumes
(1874).
[685] In this most delicate upholstery, if Wedgwood and Baedeker (as
well as Maple and Mappin) are introduced, they should surely be spelt
correctly.
[686] _The Athenaeum_ in 1872 announced that Lord Stanley of Alderney
was preparing a translation of _As Pupillas_. According to a letter
of Julio Diniz (March 25, 1868), ‘an Englishman, a relation of Lord
Stanley, who is here [Oporto] studying the history of the Portuguese
discoveries’, had expressed a wish to translate it. The translation was
never published. The date of the first Portuguese edition is 1867. It
was dramatized at Lisbon in 1868.
[687] e.g. a girl, Rosario, in _Amor Divino_, is
described--annihilated--with the assistance of Cybele, Goya, the Venus
of Milo, Reynolds, Shakespeare. Cf. the names, from Descartes to
Darwin, in _O Conto do Gallo_.
[688] _Comedia do Campo_, vol. vi.
[689] Vol. vii.
[690] Pathology, religious and social, crops up in the later novels
of Snr. Vieira da Costa, _Irmã Celeste_ (1904), _A Familia Maldonado_
(1908); yet his earlier work, _Entre Montanhas_ (1903), a story of
contemporary life in the high-lying vine-lands of Douro written in
1899, was more original. The modern Portuguese novelists are nearly,
although not quite, as numerous as the poets. José de Caldas is the
author of _Os Humildes_ (1900) and _Cartas de um Vencido_ (1910), D.
João de Castro of _Os Malditos_ (1894) and _A Deshonra_, in which a
strange situation is too long drawn out.
[691] He wrote under the name Bernardo de Pindella or Bernardo Pinheiro.
[692] In novels intimately connected with the Portuguese soil such
expressions as _colorido gritante_ (_criard_), _lunchar_ (to partake
of luncheon), _endomingado_ (_endimanché_) are more than ever out of
place. The authoress has written other stories: _Capital Bemdito_
(1910), _Fé_ (a Socialist novel), _Inocente_ (1916), _A Praga_ (1917).
[693] A _conto_ written by Snr. Julio de Lemos in 1905 bears the same
title.
[694] de Quental or do Quental. See J. Leite de Vasconcellos, _Lições
de Philologia Portuguesa_ (1911), p. 125 _ad fin._
[695] e.g. _Tive castellos, fortalezas pelo mundo.... Não tenho casa,
não tenho pão._ The cadence here, as in many of Snr. Guerra Junqueiro’s
lines, is singularly arresting. The tendency to morbid repetition is
exaggerated in _Patria_ and has influenced many younger poets, as
Snr. Corrêa de Oliveira and, especially, Antonio Nobre. The reader
is credited with no imagination and the effect is diminished. For
instance, in _Patria_: _deixa-me dormir, Dormir em paz ... dormir!_
That is excellent; but the word _dormir_ is then again thrice repeated,
until the reader sleeps.
[696] In details his ear is not faultless. Cf. the unscannable line _E
que na corda do remorso enforçou Judas_ (unless this is deliberately
onomatopoeic).
[697] Without counting those of Brazil, which had an exquisite
word-chiseller in the poet OLAVO BILAC (1865-1918), author of
_Panoplias_ and other verse published in _Poesias_ (1888, Nova ed.
1904).
[698] He is the son of Snr. ALFREDO CARNEIRO DA CUNHA (born in
1863), whose _Versos_ (1900) contains the poignant lines _A uma
creança morta_, which recall Coventry Patmore and the pathos of Dr.
Robert Bridges’ _On a Dead Child_. The earlier edition, _Endeixas e
Madrigaes_, appeared in 1891.
[699] The word _Nephelibatas_ (= Cloud-treaders), formerly applied to
poets of the decadent school in Portugal, is now seldom heard.