covering the Tops of their Galleries, and for fining Oars, _&c._
Tight
When a Ship lets in but very little Water, she is Tight, which is known
by the Smell o£ that pumped out, for if she lets in but little, it will
always stink, otherwise not.
Tire Cable
The Row in the Middle of the Coiled Cable.
Toggle
A short Piece of Wood made tapering at each End, having a Score cut
in the Middle of it, where a Rope is usually fastened, and when put
through the Bite of another, there is no Occasion of seizing them
together.
Top
Is a round Frame of Boards which lie upon the Cross-trees, near the
Head of the standing Masts.
Top Armours
Are cut out of red Kersey, and tabled round with Canvas, hung about the
Top for Show, and also cover the Men which are in the Tops in a Fight.
Tops Laying
Are used by the Rope-makers; those made with three Scores are for
closing three Strand Ropes, and those with four are for Stays, and
has a Hole bored in their Center, through which the Heart of the Stay
passes.
Tools
Bolt
To make Saucer Head Bolts in.
Nail
To Head Nails in.
Thread
Is for making, altering, and repairing Colours in Store, or on board
the Ship.
Tow
Whatever is drawn after a Boat or Ship with a Rope, _&c._ is said to be
Towed.
Trail-board
Is a carved Board let into, or nailed on the Knee of the Head, just
below the Lyon.
Transoms
Are large Pieces of Timber forming the Buttock, or After-part of the
Ship on both Sides; they are transversely situate on the Post, and in
the Middle bolted to it; their Ends are fastened to the After-Timbers
on each Side respectively, called Fashion Pieces; they are denominated
severally according to their Elevations, as Wing Transoms, Deck
Transoms, Transoms under the Deck, _&c._ All which, as Post Transoms,
and Fashion Pieces, being framed together, is commonly called the Stern
Frame.
Traverse
A Ship when she makes Angles in and out, and cannot keep directly to
her true Course, is called a Traverse. In Navigation, is the Variation
of the Ship's Course, upon shifting of Winds, _&c._ And a Traverse
Board, is a little round Board which hangs up, and bored full of Holes
upon Lines, shewing the Points of the Compass upon it; by moving a
little Peg from Hole to Hole, the Men at the Helm or Steering Wheel
keeps an Account how many Glasses (that is, Half Hours) the Ship Steers
upon any Point.
Treenails
Are long Pins of Wood, whence they are called Tree-nails, made out of
Oak, to fasten the Planks to the Timbers, and are always Caulked with
Ocham to prevent any Leak.
Tressle trees
Are those Timbers that stand Fore and Aft at the Mast-head, for the
Tops to lie on.
Tressle
A wooden Frame to bear up Tables, Deals, Scaffolds, _&c._
Triangles
Are made out of large Spars, having their lower Ends ferrilled with a
Ring, and a Spud drove into them, which runs into the Ground to steddy
them; their upper End has a Bolt that goes through the three Parts,
where a Staple is fixed for hanging a Scale Beam, when they are made
use of for weighing Stores without Doors, as are received or delivered
into the Yard.
Trip
A Ship goes with her Topsails a Trip she carries them hoisted up to the
highest, and when the Wind blows not too hard.
Trim
Of a Ship, is her best Posture, with respect to her Proportion of
Ballast, the standing of her Masts, _&c._ for Sailing, and the best
Way to make her Sail well, and to find her Trim, depends very much on
Experience and Judgment.
Trise
For hauling up any Thing by a single Rope, that do not run in a Block,
but is done by Hand or main Strength. Thus if any Cask, Chest, or other
Goods hath only a Rope fastened to it, and without a Tackle is pulled
up into the Ship by Hand, it is Trised up.
Trivets
Are used by the Caulkers for large Kettles to stand on for heating
Stuff when Paying Ships.
Trough
Is the Hollow or Cavity made between any two Waves or Billows in a
rowling Sea.
Trucks
Acorn
Are put on the End or Top of the Vane Spindle at the Mast-head.
Flaggstaff
Are put on the Ends of them, and also on the Ensign and Jack Staffs.
Parrel
The Rope is reeved through them, and are placed between the Ribs of
the Parrel.
Seizing
Are made fast to the Shrouds for the Running Rigging to go through.
Truss
Is a Tackle fastened to the Parrel at the Yard, which binds it fast
when the Ship rowls, lying either a-hull or at an Anchor, and the Fore,
Main, and Mizon Yards have them.
Try
A Ship is said to Try, when she hath no more Sails abroad but her Main
Course, when her Tacks are close aboard, the Bowlings set up, and the
Sheats hauled close Aft, or when, the Helm or Steering Wheel is so
fastened as to prevent their having any Power of the Tiller, so as she
is let lie in the Sea, and sometimes when it blows so hard that she
cannot bear her Main Course, they make her lie a-Try, under her Mizon
only.
Tuck
Is when a Ship is not round Buttock'd, as commonly _English_ Ships are,
(Sixth Rates lately excepted) under the Wing Transom, they say she
is Square Tuck't. _Dutch_ Men of War, and their Merchant Ships, are
generally built with square Tucks.
Tue Iron
Are for the Smith's Bellows to blow through.
Turpentine
Is used for Paying Ships Sides, Masts, Boats, _&c._
Twine
Sail
Is used by the Sail-makers for making and repairing Sails; allowed the
Boatswains for repairing the Sails when they want at Sea, for whiping
Ropes, and such like Uses.
Mark
Is put into all Cordage, from three Inches downwards, as the King's
Mark.
Tiles
Are used by the bricklayers on the Roofs of Lodgings, Storehouses, _&c._
Tyminoguy
A Rope, one End nailed to the Outside of the Stock of an Anchor, stowed
at the Bow, and the other fastened or belayed to the Ship's Sides
on the Fore-Castle; its Use is for preventing the Fore-Sheats (when
getting under Sail) droping down between the Anchor Stock and Ship's
Side.
Veer
Veering out a Rope, is letting it go by Hand, or letting it run out
of its self. Thus they Veer more Cable, that is, Let more Cable run
out; but this Word is not used for the letting out of any Running Rope
except the Sheat, but of that they say, Veer more Sheat, that is,
Let more of it run out. The Word Veer is also used in Reference to
the Wind, for when it changeth often and suddenly, they say The Wind
Veereth.
Vice
There are two Sorts, Bench and Hand; the former are fixed to a Bench in
the Smith's Shop, and used by them for holding fast their Work, when
to be filed or cleaned, as the other is (being small) held in the Hand
when made use of.
Viol
A Cable-laid Rope, which being reeved through a large Block lashed at
the Main-mast, is made use of by heaving at the Jeer Capston to weigh
the Anchor when Nippers are brought on about the Cable.
Vinegar
Is allowed for washing the Ships between Decks when abroad, for
preventing any Contagion spreading among the Men.
Umbrello's
Are Screens hung at the Stern over the Ship's Lights, to keep out the
Sun, and are generally covered with Canvas or Kersey.
Unmoar
When a Ship or Vessel that Rides at two Anchors begins to get them up
in order to Sail, she is Unmoaring.
Uphroes
Are a Kind of Spar brought from _Norway_, from thirty two Feet to
twenty eight Feet long, and four Inches by three and an half square at
the Top End.
Waals
Are those protuberant Strakes of Plank (or thick Stuff) wrought thicker
than the Rest on the Sides of a Ship, the Appearance of which gives her
Sheer, that is, the beautiful Rising they commonly have Fore and Aft
above Water.
Waft
To make a Waft is to hoist up an Ensign rowled up to the Top of the
Staff, as a Sign for the Men to come on board, or that a Ship is in
Danger by a Leak, _&c._ and therefore wants Help from the Shore, or
from some other Ship.
Wake
Is the smooth Water that runs from a Ship's Stern when under Sail, and
by it a good Guess may be made of the Speed she makes. Also when one
Ship giving Chace to another, is got as far into the Wind as she, and
sails directly after her, they say, She has got into her Wake.
Wale Rear'd
Not Ship shape, but built right up after she comes to her Bearing.
Walt
A Ship is Walt when she hath not her due Ballast, that is, not enough
to enable her to bear her Sails.
Warp
Is to haul or transport a Ship by a Cablet or Hawser (proper for that
Purpose) bent to an Anchor or a Buoy; it is used when a Wind is wanting
to carry her into or out of an Harbour, or to Moarings, and this is
termed Warping; and the Cablet or Hawser used on this Occasion is
called a Warp.
Wast
The Ship's Sides between the Quarter Deck and Fore-castle is commonly
called so.
Boards
Are sometimes set upon the Sides of a Boat, to keep the Sea from
breaking into her.
Cloths
Is Kersey, tabled with Canvas, and hung round the Wast, Quarter Deck,
and Poop of a Ship for Ornament.
Trees
In small Ships only, are the same as Ruff Trees.
Watch
Signifies the Space of four Hours, because half of the Ship's Company
Watch and do Duty in their Turns, so long at a Time, who are divided
into two Parts, the Larboard, and the Starboard Watch.
Water-born
Is when a Ship, even and just with the Ground, first begins to float or
swim, being born up by the Water.
Water Line
Is that which goes round the Ship at the Surface of the Water, and
shews the true Shape of her Body.
Water Shot
Is a Sort of riding at Anchor, when a Ship is moared neither a-cross
the Tide, nor right up and down, but betwixt both.
Water ways
Is that Strake of Plank on the Flat of each Deck respectively next the
Ship's Side, for turning the Water out of the Seams.
Way of a Ship
Is sometimes the same with the Rake or Run of her Fore and Aft; but
is mostly used as to her Sailing, for when she goes apace, they say,
She makes good or fresh Way. And because most Ships are apt to fall
a little to Leeward of their Course, they always in casting up the
Logboard allow something for her Leeway, which is one Point or more,
according to her Sailing.
Weather Coyl
When a Ship being a-hull, has her Head brought about so as to lie that
Way which her Stern did before, without loosing of any Sail, but only
by bearing up of the Helm, this is called Weather Coyling of her.
Weather Gage
That Ship is said to have the Weather Gage of another, when she is to
Windward of her.
Weathering
A doubling or getting to Windward of a Point or Place.
Wedges Iron
Are for splitting Wood.
Wedges Wood
Are made out of Beech or Elm for splitting Wood, or to be put between
the Wrain Staves and Ships Sides for setting too of Planks, and for
barring in of Ports, _&c._
Weighing
Is drawing up an Anchor out of the Ground, in order to set Sail.
Welding
When the Smiths give their Iron a proper Heat in the Forge, in order to
double up the same when wanted to weld a Work in the Doublings, so as
to be in one Piece thick enough for the Purpose it is wanted for.
Well
A square Place, parted off and planked round the Main-mast from the
Gundeck down to the Foot-waaling, to keep the Ballast, _&c._ from the
Pumps placed therein.
Whale-knot
Is a round Knot or Knob made with three Strands of a Rope at one End of
the Tacks, Topsail Sheats and Stoppers, so that they cannot slip.
Wheels Steering
Are placed on the Quarter Deck, fixed to an Axis, round which go the
Wheelrope, which is made fast to the Tiller in the Gun-Room, it passes
through Blocks at the Side, and from thence comes up to the Wheel in
the Midships.
Whelps
Are those Brackets set Edge ways upon the Barrel of a Capston, which
give the Sweep to it, and are so contrived that a Voyal or Cable
brought about them may not surge so much as it would do, if the Body of
the Capston was quite round and smooth.
Whipstaff
Is fastened into the Helm, for him that Steers to hold in his Hand,
thereby to move the Helm and Steer the Ship: It goes through the Rowl,
and made fast to the Tiller with a Ring.
Whirles
Used by the Rope-makers when either laying small Cordage, or spinning
Yarn, and are placed in the Heads of the Wheels and Works in Brasses
fixed therein.
Whoodings
Are the Ends of the Bottom Planks at the Extremities of the Ship,
rabbited into the Stem Afore, and into the Post Abaft.
Winches Iron
Are Handles for turning round Grindstones, Wheels of Chain Pumps, _&c._
Wind
Bringing a Ship's Head about, is called Winding of her, and when rides
at an Anchor, she is said to wind up. Also when she is under Sail, they
use to enquire, How she Winds, that is, which way she lies with her
Head; so, to Wind the Boat, is to turn her Head about.
Wind Taught
Implying as much as stiff in the Wind, for a Thing is Taught, when
it is stiff. Thus too much Rigging over Head, or any Thing holding
Wind Aloft, is said to hold a Ship Wind Taught; by which is meant,
she stoops too much in her Sailing in a stiff Gale of Wind. So also,
when a Ship rides in Stress of Wind and Weather, they strike down her
Topmasts, which holds too much Wind, or be Wind Taught.
Winding Tackle Pendant
Is a Cable-laid Rope brought about the Head of the Mast, having a
treble Block with three Shivers in it, seized fast to the End, through
which and a double Block, the Fall is reeved, so brought to the Capston
by a Snatch Block, whereby the Guns, or any other heavy Stores, are
hoisted in or out.
Windlass
Is a Piece of Timber having six or eight Squares, and is fixed thwart
Ship Abaft the Forecastle; in small Ships, Hoys, _&c._ this Windlass
will Purchase as much as a Capston in weighing of an Anchor, and
without any Danger to those that heave, because they heave here about
with Handspikes, put into several Holes made in the Windlass, of which
though one should happen to break, yet would the Windlass paul of
itself, without any further Danger.
Wind sails
Are used for drawing fresh Air into the Holds of Ships, by cooling
every Part, which contributes towards preserving them from Decay.
Wood Hard
Live Oak
Is for making Reeming Beetles and Coggs for the Wheels, used for
working the Chain Pumps which throws the Water out of the Docks.
Lignum Vitæ
Is used for making Shivers and Pins for Blocks.
Wood & Wood
Are two Pieces of Timber nicely let in or fay'd to each other, that the
Wood of one joyns close to the other.
Wood Faggots
Are used in heating the Kilns for stoving Plank, and also the Oven
where the Sail-makers stove the Bolt-ropes.
Woodmeil
A hairy coarse Stuff made of Island Wool, and supplied to the
Carpenters of Ships at some of his Majesty's Yards for lining of Ports,
_&c._
Woolding
Signifies the winding of Ropes at certain Distances about a Mast, in
order to strengthen it.
Woolers
Double Hand
Single Hand
Used at the Rope Yard, and the Men that work with them, are a great
Help to those that heave at the Hooks in laying or closing Cables.
Worming
Is twice-laid Cordage, and used for Worming Stays, Shrouds, _&c._ which
is laid betwixt the Strands, in order to strengthen or succour them, or
for making Netings on the Quarters, Wast, and Tops of Ships for Shelter
to the Men when in Action.
Wrain Staves
Are a Sort of thick Billets, tapered so at each End that they may go
into the Ring of the Wrain Bolt, and are for bringing too Planks or
thick Stuff to the Compassing Parts of a Ship's Side, _&c._
Wreck
Is when a Ship is drove ashore in a Storm, or Perishes on the Sea, and
no Man escapes alive out of her.
Yards
[Illustration: 1^{st} Rates Main
Main-top Proportionably Drawn
Main topgall^t]
_New England_ are wrought in eight squares in the Middle, and from
thence in their several Quarters are tapered to the Ends in sixteen
Squares, and received by the Inches in Diameter they are in the Slings;
the Top and Top-gallant are generally made out of _Gottenbro'_ or
_Norway_ Masts, all which are made of suitable Dimensions in Diameter
and Length for their proper Sails to be bent to them, which are hoisted
up and lowered down by the Jeers, Halyards, Lifts, _&c._
Yare
Is a Sea Word for Nimble, Ready, Quick, or Expeditious.
Yarn
That which the Rope-makers spin out of the Hemp for making Cordage, is
called Yarn; and when Four hundred Threads are warped off the Winches,
and a slight Turn is put into it, it is called a Hall, in order to be
Tarred, which is done by four Men running in a large Wheel, that draws
it through a Furnace of boiling Tar, and is pressed so very dry by a
Nipper, that it will not soil one's Hand.
Yawes
A Ship makes Yawes, when through the Fault of him at the Helm or
Steering Wheel she is not kept steady in her Course, but makes Angles
in and out.
* * * * *
Transcriber's note:
Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. All other
hyphenation, spelling and punctuation remains unchanged, except where
noted below.
The errata have been implemented.
Words are often conjoined in the original, apparently to save space.
This has been corrected.
The illustration within the paragraph under Hooks has been reproduced
approximately. The vertical should slope to the right. Many entries are
accompanied by an illustration without captions. These have not been
indicated, but the captions of the entries for Masts and Sparrs are
included.