276 Tac. _Ann._ xv. 71.

_ 277 Ib._ xv. 73.

_ 278 Ib._ xv. 68, 69.

279 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 16; Tac. _Ann._ xv. 63.

280 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 60.

281 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 22, 57.

_ 282 Ib._ xvi. 10.

_ 283 Ib._ xvi. 11.

_ 284 Ib._ xv. 60.

_ 285 Ib._ xiv. 61.

_ 286 Ib._ xiv. 42, senatusque obsessus in quo ipso erant studia nimiam

severitatem aspernantium.

_ 287 Ib._ xv. 67.

288 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 49.

_ 289 Ib._ iii. 84.

_ 290 Ib._ i. 88, segnis et oblita bellorum nobilitas, etc.

_ 291 Ib._ i. 88.

_ 292 Ib._ iii. 37, nulla in oratione cujusquam erga Flavianos duces

obtrectatio; cf. i. 90; of the Acta of the Arval College, _C.I.L._

vi. 2051 sq.

_ 293 Ib._ iv. 3.

294 Suet. _Nero_, x.; _Vesp._ xvii.; Spart. _Hadr._ 7, § 9.

295 Juv. i. 100.

296 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 34.

_ 297 Ib._ ii. 37, 38.

298 Tac. _Hist._ i. 35.

299 Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 33; cf. iii. 19.

300 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 58.

301 Suet. _Nero_, xxxvii.

302 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 14; Juv. viii. 193; Suet. _Calig._ xviii. xxx.; D.

Cass. lix. 10.

303 Suet. _Calig._ xxvii.

304 Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 33.

305 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 12; xvi. 18; Suet. _Vitell._ iv.

306 Renan, _Les Év._ p. 140. Some of their anonymous sneers may be

traced in Suet. _Vesp._ xvi. xxiii. xiv.; cf. Duruy, iv. 653.

307 D. Cass. 66. 16, _ἐπεβουλεύθη μὲν ὑπό τε τοῦ Ἀλιηνοῦ καὶ ὑπὸ τοῦ

Μαρκέλλου_. Cf. Suet. _Vesp._ xiv.; Macé, _Suétone_, p. 86.

308 Cf. Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 169 sqq.; Bury, _Rom. Emp._ p. 395.

309 On the sources of the history of the Flavians, _v._ Krause, _De C.

Sueton. Tranq. Fontibus_; Macé, _Suétone_, p. 364, 376; Peter,

_Gesch. Litt. d. Kaiserzeit_, ii. 69, 70. For the senatorial

attitude to Domitian, _v._ Plin. _Paneg._ 48; Tac. _Agr._ 3, 41, 42,

45; _Hist._ iv. 51; iv. 2; Suet. _Dom._ xxiii.

310 Nagel, _Imp. T. Flav. Domitianus iniquius dijudicatus_.

311 Meriv. vii. 356.

312 Suet. _Dom._ viii.

313 Tac. _Agr._ 39; cf. 41, tot exercitus in Moesia ... amissi. D. Cass.

67. 4, 7; cf. Stat. _Silv._ iv. 3, 153; Mart. ix. 102; vii. 80, 91,

95; Meriv. vii. 347.

314 Tac. _Agr._ 39.

315 Quintil. iv., prooem. 2; Statius, _Silvae_, iv. 2, 13; iii. 1, 1;

Mart. ii. 91; iv. 27, iii. 95. For the flattery of Martial, _v._

esp. v. 19, 6; ix. 4; _Spectac._ 33.

316 Suet. _Dom._ iv.

_ 317 Ib._ xx.

_ 318 Ib._ vii.; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ vi. 42; _Vit. Soph._ i. 12.

319 Pliny was probably Quaestor in 90 A.D.; Trib. Pleb. 92; Praetor 93.

Cf. Momms. (Morel) p. 61. Tacitus says, _Hist._ i. 1, dignitatem a

Domitiano (81-96) longius provectam non abnuerim. From _Ann._ xi. 11

it appears that he was Praetor in 88. Cf. Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii.

43.

320 Duruy, iv. 697 n.

_ 321 Silv._ iii. 4, 37.

322 Meriv. vii. 354.

323 D. Cass. 67. 14; Suet. _Dom._ xiv.

324 Mart. iv. 63; vi. 21, crudelis nullaque invisior umbra.

325 Suet. _Dom._ xxiii.

326 Suet. _Dom._ x.

327 Renan, _Les Évang._ p. 291, Domitien, comme tous les souverains

hypocrites, se montraite sévère conservateur.

328 Suet. _Dom._ xiii.

329 Mart. viii. 65.

330 Suet. _Dom._ xiii.; Mart. v. 8, 1 (_v._ Friedländer’s note), vii. 2

and 34; viii. 2, 6; Stat. _Silv._ v. 1, 37; Meriv. vii. 375.

331 Suet. _Dom._ v.; Gregorov. _Gesch. St. Rom._ i. 41.

332 Rutil. Namat. i. 93.

333 Suet. _Dom._ v. _ad fin._; iv.

334 D. Cass. 67. 8.

335 Suet. _Dom._ xii.

336 Pliny, _Paneg._ 50.

337 Dion Cass. 67. 4, _τιμητὴς δὲ διὰ βίου πρῶτος δὲ καὶ μόνος καὶ

ἰδιωτῶν καὶ αὐτοκρατόρων ἐχειροτονήθη_: Momms. _Röm. St._ ii. 1012.

338 D. Cass. 67. 11.

_ 339 Agr._ 45.

340 Suet. _Dom._ xiv. parietes phengite lapide distinxit.

_ 341 Ib._ xvi.

342 D. Cass. 67. 9.

_ 343 Ib._ 67. 4.

344 Tacitus b. probably 55 A.D. _Dial. de Or._ 1, juvenis admodum in 75

or 76; cf. _Agr._ 9. He was betrothed in 77 A.D.; cf. Meriv. viii.

92; Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii. 43; Nipperdey, _Einl._ iv. Juvenal b.

_circ._ 55 A.D. (Peter, ii. 77); decessit longo senio confectus exul

Ant. Pio imp. Vit. iv.; Teuffel, § 326, 1.

345 Nettleship, _Lectures and Essays_, pp. 118 sqq.

_ 346 Or. Henz._ 5599, IIVir. Quinq. Flamen Divi Vespasiani.

347 Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 316.

348 Juv. xi. 74, 150; cf. xiv. 322.

349 Mart. xii. 18.

350 Juv. v. 30 sqq.; cf. Mart. iii. 49; iii. 60.

351 Juv. i. 52; Mart. x. 4; iv. 49.

352 Juv. vi. 43: v. 30 sqq.; ix. 10 sqq.; xi. 186.

353 It has been remarked that Martial’s Epigrams on Juvenal all contain

some obscenity, vii. 24; vii. 91, xii. 18.

354 Teuffel, § 326, 4; Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii. 77; Nettleship,

_Lectures and Essays_, p. 122, brings together the indications of

date from 96-127 A.D. He thinks that perhaps some of the earlier

_Satires_ belong to the last years of Domitian, and that the words,

spes et ratio studiorum in Caesare tantum, in _Sat._ vii., may refer

to that Emperor (p. 132).

355 Juv. i. 170.

356 Marius Priscus, Isaeus, Archigenes.

357 See a comparison of passages in Nettleship, pp. 125 sqq.

358 He says of himself, i. 5, 8, lasciva est nobis pagina, vita proba

est; cf. iii. 68; v. 2; Ausonius urges the same plea, cf. _Idyll._

xiii. Pliny finds a long series of examples to warrant his

indulgence in loose verses, _Ep._ iv. 14; cf. v. 3. It was a bad

tradition of literature; cf. Nettleship, _Lectures and Essays_, p.

39.

359 i. 14; iv. 13, 75.

360 v. 34, 37; x. 61.

361 i. 79; vii. 52.

362 iii. 58; i. 56; ii. 38; cf. iii. 38.

363 iii. 58.

364 i. 50; iv. 55; xii. 18.

365 Especially _Sat._ xi. xiii. xiv. xv.; cf. Munding, _Über die Sat.

Juv._ p. 12.

_ 366 v._ Bk. ii. c. 3 of this work. M. Boissier has thrown a vivid light

on this class in his _Rel. Rom._ iii. 3.

367 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 198; Nettleship, _Lectures and Essays_ p.

136.

368 xiii. 120; ii. 1 sqq.; cf. Mart. ix. 48.

369 He refers, however, with respect to Seneca, viii. 212.

370 viii. 90 sqq.; cf. Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 332.

371 Juv. xv. 131; cf. Sen. _De Ira_, i. 5; ii. 10, 25; iii. 24.

372 Juv. xiii. 190.

373 xiii. 208, nam scelus intra se tacitum qui cogitat ullum Facti

crimen habet.

374 xiv. 30; Tac. _De Or._ 28, 29.

375 xi. 153.

376 vi. 510.

377 xiii. 39.

378 xiii. 208.

379 Juv. i. 87, 147; x. 172 cf. Sen. _Nat. Q._ vii. 31; _De Ira_, ii. 8

sq.

_ 380 e.g._ the picture of Otho, ii. 99; of Messalina, vi. 114;

Lateranus, viii. 146; Sejanus, x. 56; Cicero, etc., viii. 231.

381 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 64; cf. Plin. _Ep._ iv. 19; iii. 16; D. Cass. 68.

5; Sen. _ad Helv._ xiv.

382 Juv. xi. 109; iii. 152, 183.

383 xi. 78.

384 Tac. _Ann._ iii. 55; Sen. _Ad Helv._ x. 3; _Ep._ 89, § 22.

385 Statius, _Silv._ v. 36; ii. 85.

386 Petron. c. 60; Sen. _Ep._ 95, § 9; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. p.

67.

387 Plin. _H. N._ vi. 26; ix. 58; xii. 41. Cf. Friedl. iii. p. 80; Marq.

_Röm. St._ ii. 53.

388 Suet. _Nero_, xxx. putabat sordidos ac parcos esse quibus ratio

impensarum constaret, etc.

389 Sen. _Ep._ 87, § 4; Suet. _Tib._ xxxv.; Friedl. i. 196.

390 Liv. xxxiv. 1; Tac. _Ann._ iii. 53, 54.

391 Liv. xxxiv. 6, 7; Marq. _Priv._ i. 62, 162; Momms. _R. Hist._ ii.

409.

392 Momms. _R. Hist._ iii. 417.

_ 393 Ib._ 418; cf. Plin. _H. N._ ix. 80, 81; x. 23; Plut. _Lucull._ c.

40; Macrob. _Sat._ iii. 13, § 1.

394 Macrob. _Sat._ iii. 13, § 11.

395 Hieron. _Ep._ 117, § 8; Amm. Marc. xiv. 6, 7; xxviii. 4.

396 Juv. xi. 69.

397 Thucyd. i. 95.

398 Prescott, _Conquest of Peru_, i. 304.

399 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 53 (Pallas); D. Cass. 60. 34 (Narcissus); Tac.

_Ann._ xiii. 42; D. Cass. 61. 10; cf. Duruy, v. p. 598.

400 Tac. _Ann._ xv. 42.

401 Juv. viii. 10.

402 Plin. _Paneg._ 69.

403 Suet. _Tib._ i. Cf. the funeral oration of Julius Caesar over his

aunt, quoted by Suet. _Jul. Caes._ 6.

404 Id. _Nero_, i.

405 Tac. _Ann._ vi. 33.

_ 406 Ib._ xv. 48.

407 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 12.

408 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. 1.

409 Hieron. _Ep._ 108, § 4.

410 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 21, Curtius Rufus videtur mihi ex se natus.

411 Juv. viii. 285 sqq.

412 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 25.

413 Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 33, § 2; Juv. iv. 96.

414 Appian, _B. C._ iv. 5.

415 Suet. _Tib._ 61, nullus a poena hominum cessavit dies.

416 Id. _Claud._ xxix.

417 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 25.

418 Suet. _Vesp._ ix.; cf. Tac. _Ann._ iii. 55.

419 Sym. _Ep._ ii. 78; Seeck, _Prol._ xlvi.

420 Suet. _Octav._ xli.

421 Id. _Nero_, x.; _Vesp._ xvii.

422 Tac. _Ann._ ii. 37, 38.

423 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 25; D. Cass. lx. 29. The last revision of the Senate

was in the reign of Augustus; D. Cass. lv. 13.

424 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 34; Juv. i. 107.

425 Juv. i. 103.

426 Petron. _Sat._ c. 116, 124; Plin. _Ep._ ii. 20; Juv. i. 37; iii. 31.

427 Juv. iv.; i. 27.

428 D. Cass. lix. 26.

429 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 12.

430 Suet. _Tib._ lxvii.

_ 431 Calig._ xxiii. xxiv.; cf. L. comitiali morbo vexatus, which

explains much to a medical man.

_ 432 Ib._ xxiii.

_ 433 Ib._ xxii.; cf. Sen. _De Ira_, i. 20.

434 Suet. _Calig._ xxxiv. xxxv. vetera familiarum insignia nobilissimo

cuique ademit; xxii.

_ 435 Ib._ liv. lv. quorum vero studio teneretur, omnibus ad insaniam

favit.

436 Suet. _Jul. Caes._ xxxix.

437 D. Cass. xlviii. 43.

438 Suet. _Tiberius_, xxxv.

439 Id. _Calig._ xviii. nec ullis nisi ex senatorio ordine aurigantibus;

D. Cass. 59. 10, 13, Suet. _Nero_, xii.

440 Id. _Dom._ viii. vii.

441 Id. _Nero_, xx. xxi.

442 Juv. viii. 89, 147.

443 Suet. _Nero_, xl.; _v._ Krause, _De Sueton. Fontibus_, pp. 57, 80;

Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii. 69.

444 Tac. _Ann._ xv. 67.

_ 445 Ib._ xiv. 16; cf. Suet. _Nero_, lii., where Suetonius distinctly

says that some of Nero’s verses, which he had seen, bore all the

marks of originality. Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 39; Macé,

_Suétone_, p. 127; Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 248.

446 Suet. _Nero_, xxvii.

_ 447 Ib._ xxvi.; cf. Juv. vi. 115.

448 Juv. viii. 172.

449 Suet. _Nero_, xxvi.

450 Tac. _Hist._ i. 88.

451 See some admirable criticism in Nettleship’s _Lectures and Essays_,

2nd series, p. 141; cf. Munding, _Über die Sat. des Juv._ p. 7.

452 Duruy, v. 673; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 233 sqq.

453 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 19; iii. 16; iii. 3; Sen. _Ad Helv._ xiv. xix.; D.

Cass. lxviii. 5 _ad fin._

454 Ov. _Trist._ iii. 3, 15—

Omnia cum subeant, vincis tamen omnia, conjux;

Et plus in nostro pectore parte tenes.

Te loquor absentem, te vox mea nominat unam:

Nulla venit sine te nox mihi, nulla dies.

455 Id. _Amor._ iii. 4, 3; cf. _Ars Am._ ii. 599, iii. 440, 613, Denis,

_Idées Morales_, ii. 124.

456 Plut. _Consol. ad Uxor._ x.; _Conj. Praec._ iv. xliv. xlvii.

457 A. Gell. xii. 1.

458 Denis, ii. 134; Zeller, _Die Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 660.

459 D. Chrys. _Or._ vii. 133.

460 Juv. vi. 436—

Committit vates et comparat; inde Maronem,

Atque alia parte in trutina suspendit Homerum.

Cedunt grammatici, vincuntur rhetores—

461 Juv. vi. 400 sqq.

_ 462 Ib._ 268.

_ 463 Ib._ 108, 60.

_ 464 Ib._ 427.

_ 465 Ib._ 252.

_ 466 Ib._ 493.

_ 467 Ib._ 528.

468 Momms. _R. Hist._ ii. 408 (Tr.).

469 Liv. vi. 34.

470 Plut. _Cato Maj._ c. xx.; Juv. vi. 165, 460.

471 Val. Max. ii. 1, 5; Liv. xxxiv. 1, 3; Marq. i. p. 62.

472 Momms. _R. Hist._ ii. 408.

473 Cic. _in Verr._ i. 42, 107.

474 Sym. _Ep._ vi. 67; cf. Suet. _Octav._ lxiv.; _Or. Henz._ 2677, 4629,

4629, lanifica, pia, pudica, casta, domiseda.

475 Macrob. _Sat._ iii. 14, 11.

476 Friedl. i. 312; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 240.

477 Lucr. iv. 1160; Juv. vi. 192.

478 Plut. _Pomp._ lv.

479 Suet. _Gram. Ill._ 16.

480 Ov. _Ars Am._ ii. 282.

481 Mart. xii. 98, 3; cf. Sen. _Ad Helv._ xvii.; _Ad Marc._ xvi.

482 Claud. _Laus Serenae_, 146.

483 Sen. _Ad Marc._ 4.

484 Epict. _Fr._ liii.

485 Tac. _Ann._ iv. 53; cf. Plin. _H. N._ vii. 8, 46.

486 Mart. x. 35; vii. 69.

487 Sid. Apoll. _Carm._ ix. 261.

_ 488 C.I.G._ 4725-31.

489 Juv. vi. 403; cf. 434.

490 Suet. _Octav._ lxxxiv.

491 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 37, novum sane et moribus veterum insolitum,

feminam signis Romanis praesidere.

492 D. Cass. lxvi. 14; cf. Suet. _Vesp._ xvi.; Krause, _De Suet.

Fontibus_, p. 75.

493 Tac. _Ann._ iii. 33; cf. i. 64; i. 69, sed femina [_i.e._ Agrippina]

ingens animi munia ducis per eos dies induit, etc.

_ 494 Or. Henz._ 6000, 4036, 5158, 4643, 5134, 3774, 2417, 4055, 4056,

7207, 3815.

_ 495 Ib._ 3738, 3773, 6992.

_ 496 Ib._ 3740.

497 Suet. _Galba_, v.

498 Lamprid. _Heliogab._ iv.; cf. Lamprid. _Aurelian._ xlix.

499 Mau, _Pompeii_ (Kelsey Tr.), p. 479.

500 Juv. ii. 31; iv. 34; xiii. 38; vi. 394; vii. 194.

501 Liv. xxix. 14.

_ 502 Ib._ xxxix. 8; cf. Lafaye, _Culte des Div. d’Alexandrie_, c. iii.

503 Apul. _Met._ xi. 817; Suet. _Octav._ xciii.; D. Cass. liii. 2.

504 Catull. x. 26; Tibull. i. 3, 23; cf. Juv. xiii. 93.

505 Ov. _Ars Am._ i. 77.

506 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 347.

507 Juv. vi. 547.

508 Tac. _Hist._ v. 2, 4; Juv. xiv. 97.

509 Sen. _Fr._ 42 (in Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, vi. 11), victi victoribus

leges dederunt.

510 Cf. Meriv. vi. 6.

511 Suet. _Claud._ xxv.

512 Tac. _Hist._ i. 22; Duruy, iv. 505.

513 Suet. _Dom._ xv.; D. Cass. lxvii. 14; Ren. _Les Év._ p. 228.

514 Juv. xiv. 96; vi. 544; iii. 15; Ren. _Les Év._ p. 234.

515 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 32.

516 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. p. 332; cf. Plin. _Ep._ vii. 24.

517 Suet. _Ill. Gram._ xvi.

518 Friedl. i. 314; _Inscr. Or._ 2656, 2668, 4803.

519 Mart. iv. 13—

Diligat illa senem quondam: sed et ipsa marito,

Tunc quoque cum fuerit, non videatur anus.

Plut. _Conj. Praec._ xliv. xxxiv.; Plin. _Ep._ iv. 19; vi. 4; vii.

5.

520 Sen. _Fr._ xiii. de Matrimonio, formosus assecla et procurator

calamistratus, etc., sub quibus nominibus adulteri delitescunt; cf.

S. Hieron. _Ep._ 54, § 13. S. Jerome is evidently imitating Seneca;

cf. _Or._ 639, Mart. v. 61.

521 Juv. vi. 460; Sen. _Fr._ 51.

522 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iii. 35, Luc. _Alex._ 44.

523 Tac. _Hist._ i. 81, erat Othoni celebre convivium primoribus feminis

virisque. D. Cass. lx. 7.

524 Suet. _Calig._ xxxvi.

525 Ov. _Ars Am._ i. 67, Friedl. i. 281.

526 Tac. _Germ._ 19, nec corrumpere et corrumpi saeculum vocatur.

527 Suet. _Octav._ xliv.

528 Ov. _Ars Am._ i. 139—

Proximus a domina, nullo prohibente, sedeto.

_ 529 Trist._ ii. 503—

Nec satis incestis temerari vocibus aures:

Adsuescunt oculi multa pudenda pati.

Cf. 515.

530 Mart. iii. 86 says of his poems—

Non sunt haec mimis improbiora: lege.

531 Suet. _Octav._ xliv.

532 Juv. vi. 62.

533 Suet. _Dom._ vii.; _Tib._ xxxiv.

534 D. Cass. lx. 22, 28.

535 Suet. _Dom._ iii.; D. Cass. lxvii. 3.

536 Capitol. _M. Anton._ xix.

_ 537 Ib._ xxiii. mores matronarum conposuit diffluentes, etc.

538 Juv. vi. 281.

539 Suet. _Vesp._ xi. auctor senatui fuit decernendi ut quae se alieno

servo junxisset ancilla haberetur; cf. Mart. vi. 39; _C. Th._ iv. 9,

1.

_ 540 Or. Henz._ 2669, 4653, 7383.

541 Momms. _R. H._ ii. 414 sqq.

_ 542 Ib._ 469; cf. Plut. _Cato_, xxiii.

543 Mahaffy, _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 127.

544 Suet. _Octav._ 89; _Tib._ 21.

545 Id. _Tib._ 71, sermone Graeco, quanquam alioquin promptus et

facilis, non tamen usquequaque usus est.

546 Suet. _Calig._ xxi. xxxiv.

547 Mahaffy, _The Greek World_, p. 255.

548 Suet. _Claud._ xlii.

_ 549 Ib._ xxv.

_ 550 Ib._ xlii.

551 Id. _Nero_, lv. erat illi aeternitatis perpetuaeque famae cupido.

Cf. xxiv.

552 Id. _Vesp._ xviii.

553 Id. _Dom._ xx.

554 And many in the first century, Plin. _Ep._ iv. 3; viii. 4, 1;

Friedl. iii. 360; Martha, _Les Moralistes sous l’Empire Rom._ p.

267; Teuffel, _R. Lit._ § 342; Mackail, _R. Lit._ 232.

555 Plut. _Cato_, c. xxii.; Claud. _In Eutrop._ ii. 137, 339.

556 Juv. iii. 85.

557 Juv. iii. 62 sqq.

_ 558 Ib._ iii. 69-77.

_ 559 Ib._ i. 104.

_ 560 Ib._ iii. 72, viscera magnarum domuum dominique futuri.

_ 561 Ib._ iii. 60.

562 Suet. _Ill. Gram._ i. ii. antiquissimi doctorum qui iidem et poëtae

et semigraeci erant (Livium et Ennium dico), etc.; Strab. vi. 3, 5;

A. Gell. xvii. 17, i.

563 Suet. _Ill. Gram._ iv.

_ 564 Ib._ xx. xix. xvi. xv.

565 Suet. _Ill. Gram._ xiii. Staberius ... emptus de catasta.

_ 566 Ib._ xiii.

_ 567 Ib._ xviii. xxiii.

_ 568 Ib._ xxiii.

_ 569 Ib._ xvii.; cf. Quintilian, iv. Prooem. 2; cf. Juv. viii. 186-97.

570 Plin. _H. N._ xxix. 17.

571 Suet. _Jul. Caes._ xlii.

572 D. Cass. liii. 30; Plin. _H. N._ xxix. 4; _Or. Henz._ 2983.

573 Juv. x. 221; Petron. 42; D. Cass. lxxi. 33; lxix. 22; Mart. ii. 16;

v. 9; vi. 31; vi. 53; Tac. _Ann._ xi. 31, 35.

574 Mart. i. 31; i. 48; viii. 74.

575 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 231.

576 Epict. ii. 23, 30, 27.

577 Suet. _Otho_, iv. vi.

578 Id. _Dom._ xiv. xv.; cf. _Tib._ xiv.; _Nero_, xxxvi.

579 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 14.

580 Juv. iii. 100.

581 Luc. _De Merc. Cond._ c. 16, 19.

582 Mart. i. 104, ii. 68.

583 Juv. i. 100; v. 17; Mart. xii. 18—

Dum per limina te potentiorum

Sudatrix toga ventilat, etc.;

iii. 7, 36; Suet. _Nero_, xvi; _Dom._ vii.

584 Mart. ii. 79; Juv. v. 17.

585 Juv. i. 100—

Jubet a praecone vocari

Ipsos Trojugenas.

586 Mart. ii. 43; iii. 38, 12, pallet cetera turba fame; Juv. iii. 153,

161; xi. 40.

587 Momms. _R. H._ ii. 374 (Tr.).

588 Mart. iv. 5; v. 56—

Artes discere vult pecuniosas?

Fac discat citharoedus aut choraules.

Si duri puer ingeni videtur,

Praeconem facias, vel architectum;

Juv. vii. 104; x. 226; Petron. 46, destinavi illum artificii docere,

aut tonstreinum aut praeconem etc.

589 Juv. vii. 38 sqq.

590 Mart. ii. 43; iv. 40; v. 42, quas dederis, solas semper habebis

opes.

591 Juv. vii. 104.

_ 592 Ib._ vii. 180.

_ 593 Ib._ vii. ad fin.

_ 594 Ib._ vii. 121 sqq.

595 Juv. iii. 182; Martha, _Moralistes sous l’Emp._ p. 400.

596 Mart. ii. 57.

597 Juv. vi. 353.

598 Petron. 116, in hac urbe nemo liberos tollit ... aut captantur aut

captant.

_ 599 e.g._ Regulus, Plin. _Ep._ ii. 20.

600 Juv. xii. 100; i. 36; Mart. v. 39; Plin. _Ep._ ii, 20; Petron. 140.

601 Juv. i. 112; Petron. 88, pecuniae cupiditas haec tropica instituit.

602 Juv. iii. 164.

_ 603 Ib._ 131, 103; i. 26; iv. 98; Mart. ii. 29, iii. 29; v. 13, 35.

604 Suet. _Octav._ xliii.-v.; _Calig._ xviii.; _Claud._ xxi; _Nero_, xi.

xii.; _Titus_, vii.; _Dom._ iv.; D. Cass. 65. 25; Spart. _Hadr._

vii. D. Cass. 68. 10, 15; Capitol. _M. Anton._ vi.; but cp. Suet.

_Tib._ xlvii.; Tac. _Hist._ ii 62, D. Cass. 66. 15; Suet. _Octav._

xliv.; D. Cass. 54. 2; 68. 2; Capitol. _Anton. P._ xii.

605 Victor. _Epit._ 12; Spart. _Hadr._ vii. § 12; Capitol. _M. Anton._

xxvi.; _Ant. P._ viii.; D. Cass. 68. 5; _Orelli Henz._ 4365, 7244;

Friedländer, _Petron. Einleit._ 49; Duruy, v. 429; iv. 787;

Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 208; cf. Plin. _Ep._ ix. 30.

606 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 62; ii. 47, 48.

607 Salv. _De Gub. Dei_, v. 30; _Ad Eccles._ iv. 22.

608 On the Augustales _v._ _Orell. Henz._ ii. p. 197; iii. p. 427;

Friedländer, _Cena Trim. Einl._ p. 39; Marq. _Röm. Staatsverw._ i.

513 sqq.; Nessling, _De Seviris Augustalibus._

609 v. 13, 6, et libertinas arca flagellat opes; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 27, § 5,

patrimonium libertini.

610 Petron. _Sat._ 48.

611 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 27, si separarentur libertini manifestam fore

penuriam ingenuorum.

612 Plin. _Paneg._ 88.

613 Id. _Ep._ vii. 29; viii 6.

614 Tac. _Germ._ 25, liberti non multum supra servos sunt, raro aliquod

momentum in domo, nunquam in civitate.

615 Mart. ii. 29; iii. 29; xi. 37; iii. 82; v. 14.

616 Suet. _Ill. Gram._ xiii., xvii., xx.; cf. Marq. _Priv._ i. 158.

617 Sen. _Ep._ 47, § 1; _De Clem._ i. 18, 3; _De Ben._ iii. 21; _Ep._

77, § 31; Plin. _Ep._ viii. 16, 1; iii. 19, 7; ii. 17, 9; cf. Juv.

xiv. 16.

618 Sen. _Ep._ 47, servi sunt, immo humiles amici. Cf. Macrob. _Sat._ i.

11, 12; Eurip. _Ion_, 854; _Helen._ 730; Wallon, _L’Esclav._ iii.

22.

_ 619 v._ supra, p. 92.

620 D. Cass. 69. 16; _C. Th._ xiii. 1, 21; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i 197.

621 Juv. xiv. 270.

622 Juv. iii. 32.

623 Suet. _Vesp._ xxiii.

624 Stat. _Silv._ iii. 3, 83, Tu toties mutata ducum juga rite tulisti

Integer, etc.

625 Juv. iii. 153, Nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se, Quam quod

ridiculos homines facit; 164.

626 Id. i. 104.

627 Id. i. 26; iv. 108.

628 Juv. iii. 173.

629 Id. iv. 5, 23; vii. 180.

630 Id. xiv. 91, Ut spado vincebat Capitolia nostra Posides; cf. Suet.

_Claud._ xxviii.; Plin. _H. N._ xxxi. 2.

631 Juv. iii. 34 sqq.

632 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 37; xii. 25, 65; xi. 29; Suet. _Octav._ lxvii.; D.

Cass. lix. 29.

633 Suet. _Jul. Caes._ lxxvi.; cf. Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 56 sqq.

634 For such a career cf. _Or. Henz._ 6344.

635 Suet. _Octav._ lxvii.

636 Tac. _Ann._ iv. 6.

_ 637 Ib._ xiv. 39.

638 Suet. _Nero_, xxiii.

639 D. Cass. lxiv. 3; Suet. _Galba_, xiv.; Plut. _Galba_, c. 17.

640 D. Cass. lii. 25; Tac. _Hist._ i. 58, Vitellius ministeria

principatus per libertos agi solita in equites Romanos disponit.

641 Suet. _Vitell._ xii.

642 Id. _Vesp._ xvi.

643 Id. _Dom._ vii. quaedam ex maximis officiis inter libertinos

equitesque communicavit.

644 Plin. _Paneg._ 88.

645 Spart. _Hadr._ iv., xxi.; Macé, _Suétone_, p. 91.

646 Capitol. _Ant. P._ vi., xi.

647 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 56.

_ 648 Ib._ i. p. 83.

649 Sen. _Ad Polyb._ vi. vii.

650 Sen. _Ad Polyb._ xi.

651 Statius, _Silv._ iii. 3.

_ 652 Ib._ 66, Tibereia primum Aula tibi—Panditur.

_ 653 Ib._ 60.

_ 654 Ib._ 70.

_ 655 Ib._ 86.

_ 656 Ib._ 100.

_ 657 Ib._ 145.

658 Mart. vi. 83; Stat. _Silv._ iii. 160.

659 As to the form of his name _v._ Markland’s _Statius_, p. 238.

660 Macé, _Suétone_, p. 91; cf. Tac. _Ann._ xi. 33.

661 Macé, 92, 93; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 86, 87.

662 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 12; _C.I.L._ vi. 798; Macé, pp. 89, 115.

663 Macé, pp. 90, 116.

664 Stat. _Silv._ v. 1, 80.

_ 665 Ib._ v. 118 sqq.

_ 666 Ib._ v. 210.

667 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 88.

668 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 30, 37, 88.

669 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 57; xiii. 1.

_ 670 Ib._ xii. 25, 65.

_ 671 Ib._ xiii. 23.

_ 672 Ib._ xii. 53; Plin. _Ep._ viii. 6.

673 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 25, 65.

_ 674 Ib._ xiii. 14.

_ 675 Ib._ xiv. 65; Suet. _Nero_, xxxv.; D. Cass. 62. 14.

676 Marq. _Röm. St._ ii. p. 55; Duruy, v. p. 598; Friedl. _Sittengesch._

i. p. 192; cf. Olympiod. _ap._ Phot. § 44 (Müll. _Frag. Hist. Gr._

iv.).

677 Ael. Lamprid. _Heliogab._ x.; cf. Capitol. _Anton. P._ xi.; Suet.

_Claud._ xxviii.

678 Plin. _H. N._ xxxi. 2; xxxvi. 12.

679 Statius, _Silv._ i. 5, 36; Mart. vi. 42, et certant vario decore

saxa.

680 Mart. viii. 68.

681 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 29.

682 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 75; _Or. Henz._ 6344.

683 Claud. _In Eutrop._ ii. 137.

684 Plin. _Paneg._ 88.

685 Suet. _Nero_, xv. in curiam libertinorum filios diu non admisit.

686 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 38; xii. 53.

687 Suet. _Galba_, xiv.; Tac. _Hist._ ii. 57; iv. 39.

688 Mart. iii. 29; v. 8, 14, 35, 23; cf. Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 212.

689 Suet. _Claud._ c. xxviii.

_ 690 Dig._ xxiii. 2, 44.

691 Statius, iii. 3, 115.

692 Id. v. 1, 53; Tac. _Hist._ v. 9; Suet. _Claud._ xxviii. Felicem ...

Judaeae proposuit—trium reginarum maritum.

693 Catull. x. 26; Tibull. i. 3, 33; Ov. _Ars Am._ iii. 635; cf. _Amor._

i. 8, 73; iii. 9, 33.

694 Tac. _Ann._ xi. 29.

_ 695 Ib._ xiii. 12, 46; xiv. 2; Suet. _Nero_, xxviii. Acten libertam

paullum abfuit quin justo matrimonio sibi conjungeret.

696 Suet. _Nero_, l.

697 D. Cass. lxvi. 14.

698 Luc. _Imag._ 10. See Croiset’s _Lucien_, p. 273, on the _Imagines_

as illustrating Lucian’s power as a critic of art.

699 Xen. _Mem._ iii. 11; Plat. _Menex._ c. iv.

700 Cf. Friedl. _Sittengesch._ i. 82.

701 Suet. _De Ill. Gram._ xxi.

702 Marq. _Priv._ i. 189; Denis, _Idées Morales_, ii. 208; Spart.

_Hadr._ xvii.

703 Sen. _De Ben._ iii. 21; _Ep._ 47; Plin. _Ep._ ii. 17, 9; viii. 16;

cf. Marq. _Priv._ i. 175.

_ 704 Or._ 2808.

_ 705 Ib._ 2874.

_ 706 Ib._ 2816.

_ 707 Ib._ 2862.

708 Sen. _De Clem._ i. 18.

709 Marq. _Priv._ i. 174.

710 Sen. _Ep._ 80, § 4, peculium suum quod comparaverunt ventre fraudato

pro capite numerant.

711 Apul. _Met._ x. 14; cf. Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 397.

712 v. 22, 10, negat lasso janitor esse domi; Sen. _Nec. Inj._ xiv.

cubicularii supercilium.

713 Momms. _R. H._ ii. 380 (Tr.)

714 Marq. _Priv._ i. 162 sq.

_ 715 C. Th._ ix. 30, 2; ii. 30, 2.

716 Marq. _Priv._ i. p. 163.

717 Petron. _Sat._ 76.

718 Marq. _Priv._ i. 165.

_ 719 Ib._ p. 178, n.

720 Mart. v. 70; cf. vii. 64.

721 Liv. xxi. 63, quaestus omnis patribus indecorus visus; D. Cass. 69.

16; cf. _C. Th._ xiii. 1, 4; _v._ Godefroy’s note.

722 Plut. _Cat. Maj._ 21.

723 Petron. 77, sustuli me de negotiatione et coepi libertos foenerare.

724 Id. 77, assem habeas, assem valeas.

725 Id. 43, paratus fuit quadrantem de stercore mordicus tollere:—in

manu illius plumbum aurum fiebat.

726 Petron. 76.

727 Id. 50

_ 728 Or._ 1175; cf. Teuffel, _Rom. Lit._ ii. § 300, n. 4.

729 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 18, 19.

730 Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 2, 8.

731 Sidon. Apoll. _Carm._ ix. 268.

732 Sidon. Apoll. _Carm._ xxiii. 155, et te Massiliensium per hortos

sacri stipitis, Arbiter, colonum Hellespontiaco parem Priapo, etc.

733 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 8; xiii. 2; xv. 45, 60, 65; Tac. _Hist._ iii. 65.

734 Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 257, ce n’est pas la coutume qu’on mette son

idéal près de soi.

735 Petron. 88, at nos vino scortisque demersi ne paratas quidem artes

audemus cognoscere, sed accusatores antiquitatis vitia tantum

docemus et discimus. This rather applies to the higher cultivated

class.

736 Petron. 118; cf. Boissier, _L’Opp._ 213.

737 Petron. 70, 67.

738 Juv. vi. 115; Suet. _Nero_, xxvi.

739 Teuffel. _Rom. Lit._ § 300, n. 1.

740 Petron. 118, 119; cf. Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 239. Other proofs of the

date of the _Satiricon_ are the occurrence of names like Apelles and

Menecrates, c. 64, 73; cf. Suet. _Calig._ 33; _Nero_, 30; Friedl.

_Cena Trim. Einl._ 9; the reflections on decline of oratory, _Sat._

1; cf. Tac. _Dial. Or._ c. 35; the invention of a peculiar glass,

which belongs to the reign of Tiberius, cf. Plin. _H. N._ xxxvi. 66;

D. Cass. 57. 21 ad fin.

741 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 18, vigentem se ac parem negotiis ostendit.

742 Plin. _H. N._ xxxvii. 7 (20), T. Petronius consularis moriturus

invidia Neronis, ... trullam myrrhinam HS.c̅c̅c̅ emptam fregit.

743 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 19, sed flagitia principis et novitatem cujusque

stupri perscripsit atque obsignata misit Neroni.

744 Petron. 115, si bene calculum ponas, ubique naufragium est.

745 Id. 88. For a favourable estimate of the _Satiricon_, cf. Schiller’s

_Gesch. röm. Kaiserzeit_, i. 469, 470.

746 See Boissier’s remarks, _L’Opp._ p. 228.

747 Mart. v. 2; iii. 68; cf. Mahaffy, _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p.

298.

748 Teuffel, _Rom. Lit._ i. p. 239; Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 5.

_ 749 Ib._ p. 5.

750 Sidon. Apoll. _Carm._ ix. 268; xxiii. 155.

751 Petron. 81, cf. Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 6. Puteoli is excluded by

the complaints of municipal decay in c. 44: Naples, by the fact that

the town is a Roman colony (44, 57); Cumae was the only town in this

region which had Praetors. Cf. _Or. Henz._ 1498, 2263; Petron. 65.

752 Petron. _Sat._ 1, 2.

753 Tac. _De Or._ c. 31, 35.

_ 754 Rep._ vi. p. 492 A.

755 Petron. _Sat._ 83.

_ 756 Ib._ 114.

_ 757 Ib._ 116, nihil aliud est nisi cadavera quae lacerantur aut corvi

qui lacerant.

_ 758 Ib._ 117.

759 Petron. _Sat._ 124.

_ 760 Ib._ 140.

_ 761 Ib._ 141.

_ 762 Ib._ 75, 76.

_ 763 v._ Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ p. 7. His cognomen Maecenatianus

marks him as a slave of the friend of Augustus who died 8 B.C.

Trimalchio would therefore be born _circ._ 18 B.C. (_Sat._ 71, 29,

75). He was perhaps over seventy at the time of the dinner (_Sat._

27, 77), which may therefore be placed about 57 A.D.

764 Petron. _Sat._ 48.

_ 765 Ib._ 77.

_ 766 Ib._ 38, scripsit ut illi ex India semen boletorum mitteretur.

_ 767 Ib._ 53.

_ 768 Ib._ 71; cf. Friedl. _Cena Trim._ p. 308.

769 Petron. _Sat._ 27.

770 Petron. _Sat._ 29.

_ 771 Ib._ 31.

_ 772 Ib._ 32.

_ 773 Ib._ 33.

_ 774 Ib._ 35.

_ 775 Ib._ 40.

_ 776 Ib._ 60; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 90, § 15, laquearia ita coagmentat ... ut

totiens tecta quotiens fercula mutentur.

_ 777 Sat._ 34; Cic. _Brut._, lxxxiii. The Consulship of Opim. was B.C.

121.

778 Petron. 48; on private and public libraries, cf. Sen. _De Tranq._ c.

ix.; Plin. _Ep._ i. 8, § 2; ii. 17, § 8; iii. 7, § 7; iv. 28, § 1;

Suet. _Vit. Pers._; Luc. _Adv. Indoct._ 1, 16; Mart. vii. 17, 1;

Suet. _J. Caes._ xliv.; _Octav._ xxix.; Marq. _Priv._ i. 114;

Gregorov. _Hadr._ (Tr.) p. 210; Macé, _Suétone_, p. 220; Sid. Apoll.

ii. 9.

779 Petron. 52.

780 Id. 59.

781 Id. 41; cf. Epict. iii. 23; Plin. _Ep._ i. 13; iii. 18, 4; vi. 15;

Mart. iii. 44, 45; 50.

782 Sen. _Brev. Vit._ xii. 2; _Or. Henz._ 3838; Mart. iv. 39; Marq.

_Priv._ ii. 688: Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. 84.

783 Petron. 53.

784 Id. 62, 63; cf. Apul. _Met._ i. 8.

785 Petron. 68.

786 Id. 52.

787 Petron. 38, 43.

788 Id. 43, in manu illius plumbum aurum fiebat.

789 Id. 38, Collibertos ejus cave contemnas, valde succosi sunt. _v._

Friedl. _Cena Trim._ p. 223.

790 Petron. 38.

791 Id. 42.

792 Id. 42, medicus nihil aliud est quam animi consolatio. For similar

opinions of the medical profession, cf. Petron. 56; D. Cass. lxix.

22, lxxi. 33; Mart. vi. 31; vi. 53; ii. 16; Epict. iii. 23, § 27;

Juv. iii. 77; Luc. _Philops._ c. 21, 26; _Adv. Indoct._ c. 29; Marq.

_Priv._ ii. 779. Sen. gives a higher idea of the craft, _De Ben._

vi. 16; cf. Apul. _Met._ x. 8, where the doctor rejects the base

proposals made to him.

793 Petron. 42, planetus est optime, etiam si maligne illum ploravit

uxor.

794 Id. 43.

795 Id. 43, noveram hominem olim oliorum, et adhuc salax est. On the

phrase olim oliorum _v._ Friedl. _Cena Trim._ p. 237.

796 Petron. 44.

797 Id. 44, haec colonia retroversus crescit tanquam coda vituli. This

passage is used to prove that Puteoli cannot be Trimalchio’s town.

Friedl. _Cena Trim._ p. 239.

798 Petron. 44 _ad fin._ itaque statim urceatim plovebat.

799 Id. 45. On the meaning of Centonarius _v._ Marq. _Priv._ ii. 585.

They had a great number of Collegia, often leagued with the Fabri;

_v._ _Henz. Ind._ pp. 171-72; _C. Th._ xiv. 8.

800 For the cost of such shows, _v._ _Or._ 81; _C.I.L._ ii. _Suppl._ p.

1034; Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ p. 58; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii.

p. 136.

801 Petron. 46, quid iste argutat molestus?

802 Petron. 46 _ad fin._; cf. Mart. v. 56; Juv. vii. 5, 176.

803 Petron. 57.

804 Id. 64.

805 Id. 67.

806 Id. 70.

807 Id. Ephesum tragoedum coepit imitare—Sonst unbekannt, Friedl. _Cena

Trim._ 306.

808 Cf. _Or. Henz._ 4070, 7321; Petron. 71, valde enim falsum est vivo

quidem domos cultas esse, non curari eas ubi diutius nobis

habitandum est.

_ 809 v._ the monument of C. Munatius Faustus at Pompeii, _C.I.L._ x.

1030. But Mau, p. 415 (Tr.), interprets it differently from Friedl.

_Cena Trim._ p. 307.

810 See the monument of the surgeon oculist of Assisi, _Or._ 2983, who

records the amount he gave for his freedom, his benefactions, and

his fortune. _v. C.I.L._ v. 4482, the monument of Valerius Anteros

Asiaticus, a Sevir Aug. of Brescia.

811 Plin. _H. N._ xxvi. 2 (26); xxviii. 6 (57), plerique (suadent)

anulum e sinistra in longissimum dextrae digitum transferre.

812 Petron. 75, ad hanc me fortunam frugalitas mea perduxit.

813 Id. 78; cf. Sen. _De Brev. Vit._ xx. 3, where a similar scene is

described. Turannius—componi se in lecto et velut exanimem a

circumstante familia plangi jussit.

814 Some of Pliny’s older friends, the elder Pliny, Quintilian,

Spurinna, Verginius Rufus, go back to the age which Juvenal

professes to attack (i. 170). But, although Juvenal mentions few

names of his own generation, such as Isaeus, Archigenes, and Marius

Priscus, a comparison between his subjects and those of Martial

shows that they were dealing with the same social facts. Cf.

Teuffel, _R. Lit._ ii. § 326, n. 5; Nettleship, _Lectures and

Essays_, p. 124 sqq.

815 Momms. _Plin._ (Morel), p. 7; Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii. 77;

Nettleship, _Lectures and Essays_, 131.

816 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 28.

817 Mart. iii. 68, 86; v. 2.

818 Ov. _Amor._ iii. 4, 2.

819 Ov. _Trist._ ii. 212, 346, 353, Vita verecunda est, Musa jocosa

mihi; 497.

820 Tac. _De Or._ 28, non in cella emptae nutricis sed gremio ac sinu

matris educabatur; A. Gell. xii. 1.

821 Quintil. i. 2, 4, 8; nostras amicas, nostros concubinos vident.

822 Stob. _Flor._ vi. 61; Suet. _Nero_, xxvii.; cf. Denis, _Idées

Morales, etc._, ii. p. 134.

823 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 16; iii. 5; iv. 19; vi. 4; vii. 5.

824 Tac. _Agric._ 4.

825 Plin. _Ep._ i. 14.

826 Tac. _Ann._ iii. 55, sed praecipuus adstricti moris auctor

Vespasianus erat; Suet. _Vesp._ ix.; cf. Schiller, _Gesch. Röm.

Kaiserz._ ii. 506; Duruy, iv. 646; Renan, _Les. Év._ 140, 381;

_L’Antéchr._ 494.

827 Pliny is pleased with the virtuous monotony, _Ep._ iii. i. § 2, me

autem ut certus siderum cursus ita vita hominum disposita delectat,

senum praesertim; cf. iii. 5.

828 Momms. _Plin._ (Morel), p. 32.

829 The Caecilii were probably established at Como from 59 B.C.; cf.

Catull. 35; Plin. _Ep._ iv. 30, 1; vii. 32, 1; vi. 24, 5; ix. 7;

Momms. _Plin._ p. 33 (Morel).

830 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 1; vi. 10.

831 Tac. _Hist._ i. 8, 52; ii. 49.

832 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 20, 5. He was in his eighteenth year when the famous

eruption of Vesuvius took place 79 A.D., D. Cass. lxvi. 21 sq.

833 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 13, 3.

834 Rendall, xiii. in Mayor’s ed. Plin. _Ep._ iii.; Plin. _H. N._ ii. 85

(199).

835 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 5; _Hist. Nat. Praef._ 3; Suet. _Vit. Plin._ He was

56 at his death in A.D. 79; cf. Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ i. 119, 420.

836 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 5, § 13; Persius, who was eleven years younger than

the elder Pliny, shows a character of the same type, cf. Pers.

_Sat._ ii. 71-74; iii. 66 sqq.; cf. Martha, _Les Moralistes sous

l’Emp._ p. 131 sqq.

837 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 5.

_ 838 Praef. H. N._ § 17; cf. § 18, profecto enim vita vigilia est.

839 Plin. _Ep._ i. 14; cf. Tac. _Agr._ iv.; Juv. iii. 165.

840 Plin. _Ep._ iii. i; ii. 7; i. 12; v. 11.

841 Cf. Pliny’s letter to Calpurnia’s aunt, _Ep._ iv. 19, quae nihil in

contubernio tuo viderit nisi sanctum honestumque; cf. viii. 5; v.

16.

842 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 78; iv. 81.

843 Cf. _Or._ 746, 2364.

844 Suet. _Vesp._ ii. locum incunabulorum assidue frequentavit, manente

villa qualis fuerat olim, etc.

_ 845 Ib._ viii. ix.

846 D. Cass. lxvi. 8, Suet. _Vesp._ xvi., cf. Meriv. vii. 274; cf.

Schiller, _Gesch. röm. Kaiserzeit_, p. 515.

847 Suet. _Vesp._ lx.; _Or._ 746, sacr. aedium restitutori, 1460, 1868,

2364, D. Cass. lxvi. 10.

848 Suet. _Vesp._ xvii.

_ 849 Ib._ xix.

_ 850 Ib._ xviii.; continued by Hadrian, Spart. xvi.; by Ant. Pius,

Capitol. xi.; by Alex. Severus, Lamprid. xliv.; cf. _C. Th._ xiii.

3, 1, 2, 3; Eum. _Or. pro Scholis_, c. 11.

_ 851 v._ _Rom. Soc. in the Last Century of the Western Empire_ (1st

ed.), p. 355.

852 Mommsen, _Rom. Prov._ (Tr.) i. p. 76.

853 Pliny probably came to Rome about 72 A.D. Rendall, xiv.; in Mayor’s

Pliny, _Ep._ iii.; cf. Quintil. _Prooem._ i.

854 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 14, 10; vi. 6, 3; vi. 32.

855 Quintil. _Inst. Or._ i. 2, 6; cf. Plin. _Ep._ iii. 3, 4, cui in hoc

lubrico aetatis non praeceptor modo sed custos etiam rectorque

quaerendus est; cf. _Ep._ iv. 13, 4, ubi enim pudicius contineantur

quam sub oculis parentum; cf. Tac. _Dial. de Or._ 28.

856 Quintil. _Inst. Prooem._ i. 9-11; ii. 2, 15; xii. 1, 1; xii. 7, 7,

non convenit ei, quem oratorem esse volumus, injusta tueri scientem.

_ 857 Ib._ vi. _Prooem._ 4.

858 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 13, hunc ego, cum simul studeremus, arte

familiariterque dilexi, etc.

_ 859 Ib._ v. 14; _Paneg._ 91, 92; cf. Momms. _Plin._ p. 64.

860 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 6.

_ 861 Ib._ vii. 16, 2; i. 10, 3; cf. Momms. p. 52. Pliny’s service with

the iii. Gallica was later than September, A.D. 81.

862 Plin. _Ep._ i. 10, 4; cf. Tac. _Agr._ iv.

863 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 11, 5.

_ 864 Ib._ i. 10; cf. Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ v. 37, 40; vi. 8.

865 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 26, 4.

_ 866 Ib._ iii. 11, 2; Suet. _Dom._ x.; D. Cass. lxvii. 10; cf. Momms. p.

59, where the date of Pliny’s praetorship is fixed.

867 Suet. _Dom._ x.

868 Plin. _Ep._ i. 14; cf. iii. 11, 3.

_ 869 Ib._ iii. 16; cf. vii. 19; ix. 13.

870 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 34.

871 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 19, 4; for the character of Helvidius Priscus, cf.

Tac. _Hist._ iv. 5.

872 Suet. _Vesp._ xv.; D. Cass. lxvi. 12; cf. Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii.

98.

873 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 16, 7.

874 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 21; D. Cass. lxii. 26.

875 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 12; xvi. 21, 22; cf. D. Cass. 61. 15.

876 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 26.

877 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 19.

878 Renan, _Les Évangiles_, p. 142, treats the philosophic opposition as

a mere aristocratic reaction; cf. pp. 287, 382. Boissier, _L’Opp._

p. 103; Schiller, _Gesch. d. röm. Kaiserz._ pp. 509, 536.

879 Plin. _Ep._ v. 8, 8; Momms. p. 52.

880 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 1; iv. 16; vi. 23, 2.

_ 881 Ib._ i. 20, 7.

_ 882 Ib._ vi. 33, 8-11.

_ 883 Ib._ iv. 16.

_ 884 Ib._ iv. 19, 3. disponit qui nuntient sibi quem assensum, quos

clamores excitarim, quem eventum judicii tulerim.

_ 885 Ib._ vi. 11.

_ 886 Ib._ ii. 14, 4.

887 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 2, 6.

888 For the career and character of M. Aquilius Regulus, _v._ Tac.

_Hist._ iv. 42; Plin. _Ep._ i. 5; i. 20, 15; ii. 11; ii. 20; iv. 2;

vi. 2; and Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 193.

889 Mart. i. 13, 83, 112, Cum tibi sit sophiae par fama et cura deorum,

etc.

890 Mart. vii. 31.

_ 891 Ib._ vi. 38; vi. 64, 11.

_ 892 Ib._ vii. 16.

893 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 7, § 4.

_ 894 Ib._ i. 20, 15; cf. references to the archaic literary taste of the

day in Mart. v. 10.

895 Plin. _Ep._ v. 12.

_ 896 Ib._ vi. 2, 5.

_ 897 Ib._ ii. 20.

_ 898 Ib._ iv. 2.

899 For the light which this throws on the production of books in that

age, _v._ Haenny, _Schriftsteller u. Buchhändler_, pp. 39-41.

900 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 10, 4; iii. 7, 14, quatenus nobis denegatur diu

vivere, relinquamus aliquid quo nos vixisse testemur; v. 5, 4; v. 8,

2, me autem nihil aeque ac diuturnitatis amor sollicitat; cf. vii.

20.

901 Stat. _Silv._ ii. 2.

902 Mart. ii. 7; v. 30; iii 20; iv. 23; v. 23. For the same breadth of

accomplishment in the fifth century, cf. Sidon. Apoll. _Carm._ v.

97; ii. 156; xxiii. 101; _Rom. Soc. in the Last Cent. of the Western

Empire_ (1st ed.), p. 375.

903 Mart. vi. 60.

_ 904 Ib._ iv. 14.

905 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 21. This book is dated by Mommsen 101 A.D. (_Plin._

p. 14, Morel; _v._ App. C, p. 95); cf. Friedländer’s _Martial_,

“Chronologie der Epigr. Mart.” p. 66.

906 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 8, 4; v. 12, est mihi cum Cicerone aemulatio.

_ 907 Ib._ vii. 30.

908 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 24, reverere gloriam veterem et hanc ipsam

senectutem quae in homine venerabilis, in urbibus sacra.

_ 909 Ib._ vii. 4, 2, Qualem? inquis. Nescio; tragoedia vocabatur.

_ 910 Ib._ vii. 4, 3.

_ 911 Ib._ iv. 14, cf. Ov. _Trist._ ii. 365, who makes pretty much the

same excuse to Augustus.

912 Plin. _Ep._ v. 3.

913 Cf. Nettleship, _Lectures and Essays_, 2nd Series, p. 39.

_ 914 Ep._ iii. 13, 5; vii. 17.

_ 915 Ep._ iii. 18; cf. ii. 19.

916 Teuffel, _R. Lit._ § 387; Mackail, _Lat. Lit._ p. 264; _Rom. Soc. in

the Last Cent. of the W. Empire_ (1st ed.), p. 357.

917 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 15.

_ 918 Ib._ 1, 20. It is curious that this praise of amplitude should be

addressed to Tacitus; cf. Nipperdey, _Einleit._ xxxiv.

919 Macrob. _Sat._ v. 1, 7; Sidon. Apoll. i. 1, 1; iv. 22, 2, ego Plinio

ut discipulus assurgo.

920 Sym. _Ep._ v. 85. Seeck, _Prol._ xlv.

921 Momms. _Plin._ (Tr.) p. 2; cf. Haenny, _Schriftsteller_, etc. p. 19.

922 Plin. _Ep._ i. 1; vii. 28; i. 15; viii. 1; Macé, _Suétone_, p. 87.

923 Momms. _Plin._ p. 4.

_ 924 Ib._ pp. 7, 24; Teuffel, § 335, 1.

925 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 18, 5; viii. 12, literarum senescentium reductor;

Stat. _Silv._ i. Prooem.; _Petron._ 88; cf. Sidon. Apoll. _Ep._

viii. 8; ii. 14; vii. 15; ii. 10, 1.

926 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 17, § 5.

_ 927 Ib._ vii. 17; v. 12.

_ 928 Ib._ vii. 20; viii. 7.

_ 929 Ib._ vii. 20; ix. 23, ad hoc illum “Tacitus es an Plinius?”

_ 930 Ib._ vi. 16, 2.

_ 931 Ib._ iii. 21, 6, at non erunt aeterna quae scripsit; non erunt

fortasse; ille tamen scripsit tanquam essent futura.

_ 932 Ib._ iii. 7, scribebat carmina majore cura quam ingenio.

933 Mart. vii. 63; Tac. _Hist._ iii. 65.

_ 934 v._ Teuffel, _R. Lit._ § 315, n. 5, and the opinions collected by

Mayor, _Plin._ iii. p. 120.

935 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 7, 3.

_ 936 v._ Mayor, _Plin._ iii. p. 114, for a learned note on suicide in

the early Empire.

937 Pliny, _Ep._ iv. 23, 3. For a similar ideal in the fifth century,

_v._ _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, p.

165 (1st ed.).

938 Plin. _Ep._ v. 8, § 1.

939 For a good example cf. Plin. _Ep._ iii. 15.

940 Capitol. _Ant. P._ 1.

941 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 3.

_ 942 Ib._ iv. 18; cf. viii. 4.

943 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 11; ii. 18, 36; Plin. _Ep._ i. 5; ii. 7; iii. 1,

scribit et quidem utraqua lingua, lyra doctissima. Spurinna was 77,

at the date of this letter, A.D. 101-102; Momms. p. 11.

944 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 27; cf. ix. 8.

_ 945 Ib._ vi. 15; ix. 22.

946 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 21.

_ 947 C.I.L._ vi. 798; _Or._ 801. He was Secretary (ab Epistulis) under

Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan; cf. Macé, _Suétone_, pp. 91, 93, 115.

948 Plin. _Ep._ i. 17; viii. 12. Cf. C. Fannius, who wrote a history of

the victims of Nero, Plin. _Ep._ v. 5. He died _circ._ 106, Macé, p.

82.

949 Plin. _Ep._ v. 8. For similar unwillingness, cf. Sidon. Apoll. _Ep._

iv. 22.

950 Plin. _Ep._ i. 3.

_ 951 Ib._ viii. 4; ix. 33.

952 Mart. iv. 33; vi. 14.

953 Momms. _Plin._ p. 13, puts his birth in 77 A.D.; but cf. Macé, p.

35, who places it in the year 69; see too Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ ii.

67. The indications in Suet. are _Domit._ xii.; _Ill. Gramm._ iv.;

_Nero_, lvii.

954 Macé, p. 83; Peter, ii. 69; cf. Krause, _De Sueton. Fontibus._

955 For the authorities, _v._ Macé, p. 29.

956 From 97 to 101 A.D., _ib._ pp. 53-57.

957 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 8.

_ 958 Ib._ i. 24; of the year 97. On the meaning of _contubernalis_,

Suetonius being 28, and Pliny 35 years of age, _v._ Macé, p. 50.

959 Plin. _Ad Traj._ 94; cf. Macé, p. 50.

960 Plin. _Ep._ i. 18.

961 Macé, p. 68; Plin. _Ep._ v. 10; Momms. _Plin._ p. 18.

962 Macé, p. 69.

963 Macé, p. 90. For the disgrace of Suetonius, _v._ Spart. _Hadr._ xi.

2.

964 Plin. _Paneg._ 53.

965 See _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, p.

348 sq. (1st ed.).

966 Virg. _Aen._ vi. 848 sq.

967 Ov. _Trist._ iv. 128; Hor. _Carm._ ii. 20; Friedl. _Sittengesch._

iii. p. 299.

968 Mau, _Pompeii_ (Tr.), 486, 488; _C.I.L._ ii. 4967.

969 Tac. _De Or._ 13, auditis in theatro Virgilii versibus surrexit

universus populus, etc.

970 Petron. _Sat._ 68.

971 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 18, 4; viii. 12, 1; cf. Seneca’s complaints of his

time, _Ep._ 95, § 23; 100; Petron. 83-4.

972 Tac. _Dial. de Or._ 20; Mart. v. 10; cf. Suet. _Octav._ 86,

Cacozelos et antiquarios, ut diverso genere vitiosos, pari fastidio

sprevit; Pers. i. 69 sq.; Sen. _Ep._ 114. For Hadrian’s preference

of Ennius to Virgil, etc., _v._ Spart. _Hadr._ c. 16; A. Gell. xii.

2; Macé, p. 96; Martha, _Les Moralistes sous l’Empire Rom._ p. 184.

973 Sen. _Ep._ 114, § 13, duodecim tabulas loquuntur.

974 Tac. _Dial. de Or._ 20.

975 Tac. _De Or._ 12.

_ 976 Ib._ 9, 10.

977 Suet. _Dom._ iv.

978 Stat. v. 3, 225; cf. Suet. _Claud._ xi. A Greek comedy in honour of

Germanicus was performed.

979 Suet. _Ner._ xii. Suetonius says it was the first of the kind. It

was called “Neronia.”

_ 980 Or._ 2603, to L. Val. Pudens, erected by his fellow-citizens in

A.D. 110. He was only 13. _v._ Teuffel, § 314, n. 4; Friedl.

_Sittengesch._ iii. p. 324.

981 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 2; ix. 11, 2; Mart. vii. 8. Cf. Haenny, _Schriftst.

u. Buchh._ ii. p. 24 sqq.

982 Epict. iii. 23, § 11.

983 Mart. iii. 44, 45; iv. 81.

984 Juv. i. 2; iii. 9.

985 Petron. _Sat._ 90, 91, 115.

986 Plin. _Ep._ i. 13; ii. 19; iv. 5; 27; v. 12; vi. 17, 21; viii. 21.

987 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 17.

_ 988 Ib._ iv. 27.

_ 989 Ib._ iii. 18; iv. 5.

_ 990 Ib._ i. 13, 2; vi. 17; viii. 12, 1.

_ 991 Ib._ vii 17, 7, quia in numero ipso est quoddam magnum conlatumque

consilium. Cf. Arist. _Pol._ iii. 11, _διὸ καὶ κρίνουσιν ἄμεινον οἱ

πολλοὶ καὶ τὰ τῆς μουσικῆς ἔργα καὶ τὰ τῶν ποιητῶν_.

992 Sidon. Apoll. _Ep._ ii. 14; vii. 15; i. 6.

993 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 12. Seneca was even more pessimist, cf. _Ep._ 95,

§ 23; 100; _De Brev. V._ xiii. 1.

994 Plin. _Ep._ i. 9; quot dies quam frigidis rebus absumpsi! cf. the

social life of Symmachus, _Roman Society in the Last Century of the

Western Empire_, p. 128 sq. (1st ed.).

995 Sen. _De Tranq._ xii.; Juv. iii. xi. Mart. xii. 18.

996 Plin. _Ep._ i. 9; iv. 1.

997 Mart. iii. 58.

998 Plin. _Ep._ v. 6, § 7, 8; i. 3; ix. 7 § 4.

_ 999 Ep._ viii. 8; cf. Virg. _Georg._ ii. 146; once visited by Caligula,

Suet. _Calig._ 43.

1000 Plin. _Ep._ i. 6, solitudo ipsumque illud silentium quod venationi

datur magna cogitationis incitamenta sunt.

_ 1001 Ib._ iii. 1, § 7.

_ 1002 Ib._ vii. 25.

1003 Sidon. Apoll. _Ep._ i. 6; ii. 14; vii. 15.

1004 Stat. _Silv._ ii. 2, 22, spumant templa salo.

1005 Plin. _Ep._ v. 6.

_ 1006 Ib._ ii. 17, § 27.

1007 Stat. _Silv._ ii. 2, 53; cf. iii. 1, 124.

_ 1008 Ib._ i. 3, 20-37.

1009 Imposed by Trajan on candidates for office, Plin. _Ep._ vi. 19. This

was a repetition of former enactments, _e.g._ Suet. _Tib._ 48. It

was revived again by M. Aurelius, Capitol. xi. Exclusion from

commerce necessitated investments in land. Plin. _Ep._ iii. 19, sum

prope totus in praediis, aliquid tamen foenero. In A.D. 106 the

price of land was rising, _Ep._ vi. 19; but cf. iii. 19 (A.D. 101);

see Friedl. i. p. 197.

1010 Sen. _De Benef._ vii. 10, 5; _Ep._ 89, § 20; Mart. v. 13, 7; Petron.

_Sat._ 76, 77; Stat. _Silv._ ii. 6, 62.

1011 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 17; v. 6; ix. 7; iv. 1; iv. 13.

1012 Mart. vii. 31.

1013 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 7.

1014 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. 64.

1015 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 17; Stat. _Silv._ ii. 2, 76.

1016 Plin. ii. 17, § 16.

1017 Stat. _Silv._ i. 3, 29.

1018 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 17, § 24.

1019 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. 87.

1020 Plin. _Ep._ v. 6.

1021 Stat. _Silv._ ii. 2, 85; i. 5, 36; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. 65.

1022 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 6; cf. the taste of Silius Italicus, iii. 7, 8;

Petron. _Sat._ 50, 88; Mahaffy, _Greek World_, etc., p. 139 sq.

1023 Stat. _Silv._ i. 3, 50; ii. 2, 63 sq.; Mart. iv. 39.

1024 Friedl. iii. 196; cf. Croiset, _Lucien_, c. ix. p. 265; Marq.

_Priv._ ii. 611.

1025 Plin. _Ep._ v. 6, 7; cf. ii. 17, § 3.

_ 1026 Ib._ ii. 17, § 15; v. 6, § 33.

1027 Suet. _Nero_, xxvii.; Friedl. iii. 77 sqq.

1028 Plin. _Ep._ ix. 36; iii. 1.

_ 1029 Ib._ iii. 5, § 15.

_ 1030 Ib._ iii. 1.

_ 1031 Ib._ ix. 36, § 6.

1032 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 1.

_ 1033 Ib._ iii. 19.

_ 1034 Ib._ § 7. This estate was once worth HS.5,000,000; it was now

offered for HS.3,000,000, _i.e._ £25,000; cf. _Ep._ iv. 6; ii. 4, 3.

The letter iii. 19 belongs to the year 101 A.D.; but in _Ep._ vi. 19

(106 A.D.) it appears that the price of land was rising, owing to

competition, and Pliny advises Nepos to sell his Italian estates and

buy others in the provinces; cf. vi. 3, 1.

_ 1035 Ep._ ix. 37, medendi una ratio, si non nummo sed partibus locem;

cf. J. S. Mill, _Pol. Econ._ bk. ii. c. 8, 1; A. Young, _Travels in

France_, p. 18.

1036 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 2; ix. 37, 3.

_ 1037 Ib._ viii. 16; cf. the Lex Coll. Cultorum Dianae et Antinoi, _Or.

Henz._ 6086. The slave member is permitted to dispose of his

funeraticium by will. Marq. _Priv._ i. 189.

1038 Sen. _Ep._ 31; 47; 77; _De Clem._ i. 18, 3; _De Ben._ iii. 21; Juv.

xiv. 16; D. Chr. _Or._ x.; Spart. _Hadr._ 18, § 7; Boissier, _Rel.

Rom._ ii. 358; Denis, _des Idées Morales_, etc., ii. 208 sq.;

Wallon, _L’Esclav._ i. c. 11; Marq. i. 189.

_ 1039 Ep._ vii. 32. Fabatus seems to have been a model country squire;

cf. _Ep._ iv. 1; v. 11; vi. 12; vii. 11; viii. 10.

_ 1040 Ib._ viii. 1.

_ 1041 Ib._ v. 19; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 27, § 6; Friedl. _SG._ iii. 89; Marq.

_Priv._ i. 158.

1042 Plin. _Ep._ v. 19.

1043 Mart. i. 44; iii. 49; Juv. v. 25 sqq.; cf. Sen. _De Ben._ vi. 33, §

4.

1044 Plin. _Ep._ ii. 6.

_ 1045 Or. Henz._ 2862, 2874, 6389.

1046 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 14.

_ 1047 Ib._ vi. 25; cf. the similar fate of Lampridius, at the close of

the Western Empire in Gaul, Sid. Apoll. _Ep._ viii. 11. § 10.

1048 Sen. _Ep._ 4, § 8; 107, 5.

1049 See a great mass of instances and authorities collected, with his

unique learning, by Mayor, _Plin._ iii. pp. 114, 115; cf. Boissier,

_L’Opp._ p. 212.

1050 Sen. _Ep._ 24, § 11; 58, § 36; 70, § 8; 117, § 22; _De Prov._ ii.

10; vi. 7; _De Ira_, iii. 15; Epict. i. 24; cf. ii. 15; iii. 24; M.

Aurel. x. 8; x. 32; cf. Mommsen, _De Coll._ p. 100.

1051 Sen. _Ep._ 70, § 21, dum hoc constat praeferendam esse spurcissimam

mortem servituti mundissimae.

_ 1052 Ib._ 58, § 36, non adferam mihi manus propter dolorem: hunc tamen

si sciero perpetuo mihi esse patiendum, exibo; non propter ipsum,

sed quia impedimento mihi futurus est ad omne propter quod vivitur

... prosiliam ex aedificio putri ac ruenti.

1053 Plin. _Ep._ i. 22, 10; Aristo was a fine type of the puritan pagan,

an “imago priscae frugalitatis.”

_ 1054 Ib._ iii. 7, 1. For similar instances, _v._ Sen. _Ep._ 70, § 6;

Tac. _Ann._ xi. 3; Suet. _Tib._ 53; Petron. 111; Epict. ii. 15.

1055 Plin. _Ep._ ix. 13, 6; cf. iv. 17, 4; vii.

_ 1056 Ib._ i. 12, 10. It is characteristic of the time that his last word

was _κέκρικα_.

_ 1057 Ib._ vi. 24.

1058 Pliny boasts of idealising his friends; vii. 28, agnosco crimen....

Ut enim non sint tales quales a me praedicantur, ego tamen beatus

quod mihi videntur.

1059 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 18; iv. 21; viii. 10, 11, neque enim ardentius tu

pronepotes quam ego liberos cupio; cf. iv. 15, 3, fecunditate uxoris

frui voluit eo saeculo quo plerisque etiam singulos filios orbitatis

praemia graves faciunt.

_ 1060 Ib._ iii. 3, in hac licentia temporum.

_ 1061 Ib._ iv. 25, proximis comitiis in quibusdam tabellis multa

jocularia atque etiam foeda dictu ... inventa sunt.

_ 1062 Ib._ viii. 23, 3, ipsi sibi exempla sunt.

_ 1063 Ib._ vii. 24, she was born about A.D. 27, in the reign of Tiberius.

Ummidia had the virtue of liberality; she built an amphitheatre and

temple for Casinum, _Or. Henz._ 781.

1064 Plin. _Ep._ vii. 28, 2.

1065 Cf. _Ep._ v. 14, on his relations with Cornutus Tertullus: quae

societas amicitiarum artissima nos familiaritate conjunxit.

1066 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 6; vi. 32; in which he offers a dowry to

Quintilian’s daughter in the most delicate way; cf. Juv. iii. 215;

xv. 150; Sen. _De Benef._ ii. 21, 5; iv. 11, 3; Tac. _Ann._ iv. 62;

yet cf. the judgment of D. Chrys. _Or._ vii. § 82; Denis, _Idées

Morales_, ii. 175 sqq.

1067 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 23, 2; vi. 11, 3; i. 12, 12; ii. 1, 8 (of

Verginius Rufus), sic candidatum me suffragio ornavit, etc., iii. 1,

6 (of Spurinna), quibus praeceptis imbuare!

1068 Plin. _Ad Traj._ 87, 94.

1069 Id. _Ep._ vi. 29.

_ 1070 Ib._ iii. 3.

1071 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 11.

_ 1072 Ib._ vi. 26.

_ 1073 Ib._ iv. 15. Fundanus’s consulship is mentioned in two

inscriptions, _Or._ 1588, 2471. There is a difficulty about the

dates which is discussed in Momms. _Plin._ p. 17, n. 3. Fundanus

does not appear in the _Fasti_.

1074 Sen. _Ad Marc._ xiii. xiv.; _Ad Helv._ xvi.

_ 1075 Ad Marc._ xvi. par illis, mihi crede, vigor, etc. _Ad Helv._ xvii.

4, cf. Plut. _Conj. Praec._ xlviii. _φαρμάκων ἐπῳδὰς οὐ προσδέξεται

(ἡ γυνὴ) τοῖς Πλάτωνος ἐπᾳδομένη λόγοις, κτλ._; cf. Juv. vi. 450;

Mart. vii. 69.

1076 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 19, § 4.

1077 Plin. _Ep._ v. 16.

1078 Seneca and Paulina, Tac. _Ann._ xv. 64; Plutarch, _Ad Uxorem_, iv.

v.

1079 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 4, 5, 7.

1080 Id. _Ad Traj._ 121, 122.

1081 Cic. _De Off._ ii. 18 (63), atque haec benignitas etiam reipublicae

est utilis, redimi e servitute captos, locupletari tenuiores.

1082 Hor. _Sat._ ii. 2, 103—

Cur eget indignus quisquam, te divite?

1083 Sen. _Ep._ 47, § 1, 31; _De Benef._ iii. 21; _De Clem._ i. 18, 3;

_De Ira_, iii. 24.

1084 Sen. _Ep._ 95, § 52.

1085 Sen. _Benef._ iv. 5; iv. 26; iv. 28, Di multa ingratis tribuunt.

1086 Juv. xiv. 16; vi. 219, 476.

1087 Id. xiv. 31.

1088 Id. xiii. 190.

1089 Juv. xv. 133.

_ 1090 Or. Henz._ 6042.

1091 Cic. _De Off._ i. 14; Sym. _Ep._ ii. 78; ix. 126; Olympiod. § 44

(Müller, _Fr. H. Gr._ iv. p. 68); cf. Boeckh, _Public Ec. of Athens_

(Trans. Lewis), pp. 458, 520, 578.

1092 Marq. _Priv._ i. 178 n. 10; cf. Juv. ii. 117; Mart. vii. 64, dominae

munere factus eques; Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 34.

1093 Suet. _Vesp._ 18; Spart. _Hadr._ 16, § 8; Capitol. _Ant. P._ 11, §

3.

1094 D. Cass. 68. 2; Victor, _Epit._ 12.

_ 1095 Or. Henz._ 6664; Plin. _Paneg._ 28, hi subsidium bellorum,

ornamentum pacis publicis sumptibus aluntur. Duruy, iv. 784;

Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 211; Kratz, _De Benef., a Traj. collatis_,

p. 11.

1096 Plin. _Ep._ x. 62. The letter reveals an unwillingness among the

people of Bithynia to become debtors to the public treasury.

1097 Cf. Tac. _Ann._ iv. 27, minore in dies plebe ingenua; iii. 25; cf.

Meriv. viii. 353.

1098 Spart. _Hadr._ 7.

1099 Capitol. _Ant. P._ 8.

1100 Id. _M. Aurel._ 26; cf. Capitol. _Pertin._ 9. He found the interest

on Trajan’s foundation nine years in arrear. Lamprid. _Alex. Sev._

57, 7; his charity children were called Mammaeani; Kratz, p. 11.

_ 1101 Or. Henz._ 6694 to a man who left Tibur his sole heir; 3733 ob

munificentiam; 3765, 3766, 3882, 7190, 6993, 7001, 781; cf.

Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. 1 sqq. _ἄριστα δὲ ἀνθρώπων πλούτῳ

ἐχρήσατο_. Plin. _H. N._ xxix. 4 (8); Friedländer, _Cena Trim.

Einl._ 46 sq.

1102 Plin. _Ep._ i. 3, § 1, Comum meae deliciae; v. 11, 2; iv. 13,

respublica nostra pro filia vel parente.

_ 1103 v._ the inscr. in Momms. _Plin._ p. 31.

1104 Plin. _Ep._ i. 8; v. 7; _Or._ 1172.

1105 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 13.

_ 1106 Ib._ vii. 18; _Or._ 1172.

1107 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 1; cf. ix. 12.

_ 1108 Ib._ vi. 32.

_ 1109 Ib._ i. 19.

_ 1110 Ib._ iii. 11.

_ 1111 Ib._ ii. 4.

_ 1112 Ib._ vi. 3.

1113 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einleit._ p. 48.

_ 1114 Or. Henz._ 114.

1115 Boissier, _Promenades Archæologiques_, p. 330, ce qui nous échappe

c’est la vie de province.

1116 Hor. _Carm._ iii. 4, 9.

1117 Mart. iv. 55, 11; xii. 18, 9; i. 50.

1118 It must, however, be said that Virgil has preserved much of local

religious sentiment. Cf. Sellar, _Virgil_, p. 365 sq.

1119 Virg. _Ecl._ ii. 48; _Georg._ ii. 466 sqq.; iii. 324-338, et saltus

reficit jam roscida luna; cf. Sellar, _Virgil_, pp. 166-167.

_ 1120 Aen._ vii. 630 sqq.; Sellar, p. 80.

1121 Plin. _Ep._ i. 3; i. 6; i. 9; vii. 30; ix. 36. Mart. iii. 58; i. 56;

iv. 66; iv. 90; vi. 43.

1122 Hor. _Carm._ i. 17.

1123 Juv. iii.

_ 1124 v._ _Rom. Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, p.

128 sq. (1st ed.); Sym. i. 101; ii. 26; v. 78. Cf. Auson. _Idyl._ x.

20, 155, 189.

1125 Mart. xii. 18—

Dum per limina te potentiorum

Sudatrix toga ventilat, vagumque

Major Caelius, et minor fatigat.

1126 Ov. _Trist._ ii. 196; iii. 2, 21, Roma domusque subit, desideriumque

locorum; cf. Hor. _Sat._ ii. 7, 28.

1127 Mart. xii. _Praef._ illam judiciorum subtilitatem, illud materiarum

ingenium, bibliothecas, theatra, conventus, quasi destituti

desideramus.

1128 Juv. iii. 173 sqq.

1129 Illustrations may be found in Plaut. _Mil. Glor._ 653; _Captiv._

879; _Trinum._ 609; _Bacch._ 24; Cic. _Phil._ iii. 6, 15, videte

quam despiciamur omnes qui sumus e municipiis, id est, omnes plane;

Tac. _Ann._ iv. 3, seque ac majores et posteros municipali adultero

foedabat.

1130 Juv. x. 100; cf. Cic. _post Red. in Sen._ 17; Hor. _S._ i. 5, 34,

Insani ridentes praemia scribae, etc.

_ 1131 Or._ xiv. (223), 391, (Jebb. i. p. 223), _μία δὲ αὔτη κατέχει ἔρις,

ὅπως ἔτι καλλίστη καὶ ἡδίστη ἑκάστη φανείται· πάντα δὲ μεστὰ

γυμνασίων, κρηνῶν, προπυλαίων, νεῶν, δημιουργίων, διδασκάλων._

1132 Aristid. _Or._ xiv. (225), 393-4, _ἡ γῆ πᾶσα οἷον παράδεισος

ἐγκηκόσμηται._

1133 Aelian, _V. Hist._ ix. 16, _ᾤκησαν καὶ πόλεις τὴν Ἰταλίαν πάλαι ἑπτὰ

καὶ ἐνηνήκοντα καὶ ἑκατὸν πρὸς ταῖς χιλίαις_; Jos. _B. J._ ii. 16.

1134 Arnold, _Rom. Prov. Administration_, p. 203.

_ 1135 H. N._ iii. 4.

1136 Momms. _Rom. Prov._ i. 73.

_ 1137 Ib._ p. 168; Tac. _Ann._ i. 36; Marq. _Röm. Staatsverw._ i. 121;

Bury, _Rom. Emp._ p. 83.

_ 1138 C. Theod._ xiii. 3, 11.

1139 Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 125.

1140 Tac. _Hist._ i. 67; _v._ the dedication of a temple to Isis by a

magistrate of Baden and his wife and daughter; _Or._ 457.

1141 Marq. i. 155, in keiner andern Provinz lässt sich die Entwickelung

der römischen Städteanlagen so genau verfolgen als in Dacien.

Arnold, _R. Prov. Admin._ p. 205.

_ 1142 Or. Henz._ 5287.

_ 1143 Vit. Soph._ ii. 3.

1144 Arnold, p. 205; Marq. i. 199.

1145 Tac. _Ann._ iv. 55; Strab. xii. 578.

_ 1146 H. N._ v. 60; Friedl. _SG._ iii. 110.

1147 Aristid. _Or._ xiv. 223 (392), _πόλις ἐγκαλλώπισμα τῆς ὑμετέρας

γέγονεν ἡγεμονίας_.

1148 Cf. Victor, _Vit._ i. 7; v. 9; Friedl. _SG._ iii. 110; _v._ Migne,

_Patrol. Lat._ t. lviii. 270, notitia Africae.

_ 1149 C.I.L._ viii. 2355; Cagnat, _L’Armée Rom. d’Afrique_, p. 582;

Boissier, _L’Afr. Rom._ p. 180.

_ 1150 Or. Henz._ 5326.

1151 Boissier, _L’Afr. Rom._ p. 187.

_ 1152 C.I.L._ viii. 2388; Hieron. _Ep._ 107, § 1; Macrob. _Sat._ i, 2,

15.

_ 1153 C.I.L._ viii. 2403; _Suppl._ ii. 17903; _Suppl._ i. 12058. This

inscription, from an obscure place, shows how an original honorarium

of HS. 1600 was finally increased by voluntary generosity to HS.

12,000.

_ 1154 Ib._ 2341, 17838.

_ 1155 C.I.L._ viii.; _Suppl._ ii. 17831.

1156 Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 45; Bury, _Rom. Emp._ p. 77; Arnold, _Rom. Prov.

Admin._ p. 210.

_ 1157 Or. Henz._ 3720, 3800, 3801, 3056, 3057, 3804.

1158 Tac. _Ann._ i. 15; Momms. _Röm. St._ ii. 1002; Duruy, v. pp.

336-346; Gréard, _Plut._ 221, 237; Plut. _Reip. Ger. Pr._ c. 17, 19.

The first curatores civitatum are heard of in the reigns of Nerva

and Trajan; cf. Marq. i. 510, n. 10.

1159 Suet. _Tib._ 32; Tac. _Ann._ iv. 6; Suet. _Nero_, x.; _Otho_, iii.

provinciam administravit moderatione singulari; _Vitell._ v.

Vespasian had to increase burdens, Suet. xvi.; Tac. _Hist._ ii. 84;

as to Trajan, cf. Plin. _Paneg._ 20; Suet. _Dom._ 8. Nero, it is

true, is said to have encouraged plunder (Suet. _Nero_, 32; Plin.

_H. N._ 18, 6). Yet the general prosperity was undisturbed,

Boissier, _L’Opp._ 170; Arnold, _Rom. Prov. Admin._ 135; Gréard,

_Plut._ 199.

1160 See a crowd of inscriptions to Domitian and Commodus in remote

places in Africa; cf. _C.I.L._ viii. 1016, 1019; 10570, 8702, in

which Commodus is described as indulgentissimus princeps, etc.

1161 Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 517 sq.; Arnold, p. 212.

_ 1162 Henz._ iii. _Ind._ p. 156; Inscr. 2322, 6980, 4983; Marq. _Röm.

St._ i. 477. There were consuls at Tusculum and Beneventum. But the

grand style was ridiculed by Cicero, _In Pis._ xi. 24.

1163 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 31; xvi. 22, diurna per provincias, per exercitus

curatius leguntur. Peter, _Gesch. Litt._ i. 212; Macé, _Suétone_, p.

191; Marq. _Priv._ i. 88; cf. _C.I.L._ viii. 11813; Lamprid. _Com._

15.

1164 Plin. _Ep._ ix. 11, 2; Mart. vii. 88.

1165 Sen. _Ep._ 28, 104; Luc. _Tox._ 27; _De Dips._ 6; _Philops._ 33;

_Alex._ 44; Epict. _Dis._ iii. 13.

1166 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iii. 50, vi.; D. Chrys. _Or._ 36.

1167 Hudemann, _Gesch. des röm. Postwesens_, p. 8 sq.; Marq. _Röm. St._

i. 417; Friedl. _SG._ ii. 8.

_ 1168 Or. Henz._ 4093, 2413, 5163, 6983.

1169 Suet. _Jul. Caes._ 57.

1170 Plut. _Galba_, 7.

1171 Mart. x. 104; cf. Hor. _S._ i. 5, 104.

1172 Friedl. _SG._ ii. 12 sqq.

1173 Aristid. _Or._ xxiv. 537; cf. Hor. _S._ i. 6, 105.

1174 Sen. _Ep._ 123, § 7.

1175 Cf. Suet. _Nero_, xliv. xxx.; Sen. _Ep._ 87, § 9; 123.

1176 Plin. _Ep._ iii. 5, 15; cf. Suet. _Claud._ xxxiii.; Friedl. _SG._

ii. 19.

1177 Apul. _Met._ i. 7; i. 17; Sidon. Apoll. _Ep._ viii. 11. Cf. _Rom.

Soc. in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, p. 172 (1st ed.);

Friedl. ii. 20.

1178 Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 17, 199, 214, 317; Arnold, _Prov. Adm._ 203.

1179 Arn. 205, 208; Marq. i. 114, 118.

1180 Marq. i. 14.

1181 Id. i. 155.

1182 Boissier, _L’Afr. Rom._ p. 104.

1183 See the history of this legion in Cagnat, _L’Armée Rom. d’Afrique_,

p. 148 sqq. _C.I.L._ viii., Momms. _Praef._ xix. sq. The legion was

first stationed at Thevesta.

_ 1184 Or. Henz._ 5319; _C.I.L._ viii. 2532, 10048; _v._ Mommsen, p. 21.

For the date of this visit, _v._ Cagnat, p. 154. _Vit. Hadr._ 12,

13.

1185 Herodian, iii. 8; cf. Cagnat, p. 451.

_ 1186 C.I.L._ viii. 2611; _Or. Henz._ 7408.

1187 Cagnat, 365, 453; cf. _C.I.L._ viii. 3015.

1188 Cagnat, 481-87; Marq. ii. 544.

1189 Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 499; Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 29; Plin. _Ep._

i. 19; Boissier, _L’Afr. Rom._ p. 195.

_ 1190 Or. Henz._ 3721; Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 30.

_ 1191 Or. Henz._ 6989, 7001, 7199, ob duplam sportulam collatum sibi,

4020, 3703.

1192 Hartmann, _De Exilio_, pp. 58 sq.; Duruy, _Hist. Rom._ vi. 643.

_ 1193 Or. Henz._ 946, 3708.

_ 1194 Ib._ 7192.

_ 1195 Or. Henz._ 3703, 3706, 4009, 3937, 3704, 3725, 4020; Plin. _Ep._ x.

111; cf. Ohnesseit, _De Jure Municip._ 41.

1196 Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 472.

_ 1197 Or. __Henz._ 7421; _Lex Mal._ §§ 53, 55.

1198 Mau, 376, 388-89 (Tr.).

1199 Claudium iivir. animula facit, _C.I.L._ iv. 425, 677, 644.

1200 Petron. _Sat._ 45, ferrum optimum daturus est, sine fuga, carnarium

in medio, etc.

1201 The title of the highest magistracy varied a good deal: cf. Marq.

_Röm. St._ i. 475, 89, _Or. Henz._ iii. _Ind._ 154.

1202 Marq. i. 485; _Henz. Ind._ p. 157. Often described as iivir

quinquennalis, or iivir censoria potestate quinq. etc., or shortly

quinquennalis; cf. _Or. Henz._ 3882, 3721.

1203 Arnold, _Prov. Adm._ pp. 225, 226.

_ 1204 Or. Henz._ 643.

_ 1205 Lex Malag._ § 51; _Or._ 7421; Marq. i. 475; _C. Th._ xii. 5, 1.

_ 1206 C.I.L._ viii. 2341, 17838.

1207 Marq. i. 499 n. 13.

_ 1208 Or. Henz._ 7080, 7082, 3811, 3817, 3882.

_ 1209 Ib._ 3817; cf. Spart. _Hadr._ c. 19.

_ 1210 Lex Urson._ § 103.

1211 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 28; Duruy, v. 349 sqq.

_ 1212 Lex Malag._ § 60 sq.

1213 See _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, bk.

iii. c. 2.

1214 There is one case in _Or. Henz._ 2279.

_ 1215 v._ _Or. Henz._ vol. iii. _Ind._ p. 152.

1216 Plin. _Ep._ i. 19; at Como the census was HS.100,000; cf. Petron.

_Sat._ 44.

1217 The Curia is sometimes designated as Cviri, _Or. Henz._ 764, 3737,

1552. Or., however, interprets CV. as Civium universorum in 764.

1218 Ohnesseit, _De Jure Municip._ p. 55; Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 504.

1219 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 13, 9.

_ 1220 e.g._ _Or. Henz._ 3703, 7190.

1221 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 31.

1222 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 22. This autocratic act was the abolition of the

games at Vienne by a duumvir.

_ 1223 Lex Urson._ § 129.

_ 1224 Ib._ § 99; Ohnesseit, _De Jure Municip._ p. 51.

_ 1225 Ib._ p. 53; _Lex Urson._ §§ 96, 97, 130.

1226 Mart. iii. 29; v. 14; v. 23; Juv. i. 28; iii. 131, 159.

_ 1227 Or. Henz._ 7002, 7018, 3785, 3789, 3798, 3733, 3747.

_ 1228 Ib._ 2287, 3714, 3851.

1229 Pers. iii. 77; Juv. xvi.

1230 In the Inscr. they are mentioned after the decurions and before the

plebs; cf. _Or. Henz._ 4009, 3807, 1167. On the distinction between

the Augustales and the Seviri Aug. _v._ Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 514;

Ohnesseit, _De Jure Munic._ 46; Nessling, _De Seviris Aug._ Marq.

says, scheinen die Augustales als lebenslängliche Mitglieder des

Collegiums, die Seviri als jährlich wechselnde Beamte desselben zu

betrachten zu sein.

1231 Marq. i. 513; Ohnesseit, p. 46; cf. _Or. Henz._ 3959, 7089; Tac.

_Ann._ i. 54, 73.

1232 Petron. 65, 71.

_ 1233 Or._ 2983; _C.I.L._ v. 4482.

_ 1234 Or. Henz._ 3917, 3924, 1561, 7092, 4077, 3127, 4020, 5655, 2374.

1235 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 37.

_ 1236 Or. Henz._ 3787-8; 7103.

1237 Petron. _Sat._ 65.

_ 1238 Or. Henz._ 6983.

_ 1239 Ib._ 4044, 7094.

_ 1240 Ib._ 7112.

_ 1241 C.I.L._ ix. 58.

1242 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 42.

1243 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 8, 6.

1244 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 43.

1245 Tac. _Ann._ xii. 58.

1246 Sueton. _Vesp._ 13; Tac. _Ann._ ii. 47; cf. Nipperdey’s note

referring to the monument erected to Tiberius in A.D. 30, at

Puteoli.

1247 Petron. 44.

1248 Suet. _Vesp._ xviii. Latinis Graecisque rhetoribus annua centena

constituit.

1249 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 13.

1250 Herodot. iii. 131.

1251 Strab. iv. c. i. 5 (181), _σοφιστὰς γοῦν ὑποδέχονται ... κοινῄ

μισθούμενοι καθάπερ καὶ ἰατρούς_.

1252 Marq. _Priv._ ii. 777.

_ 1253 Or. Henz._ 3994, 4017.

_ 1254 Or. Henz._ 3716, 6709, 7146.

1255 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ iii. 116; _C.I.L._ ii. pp. 89-96.

1256 Plin. _Ad Traj._ 17.

_ 1257 Ib._ 54, 55, 23.

_ 1258 Ib._ 47.

_ 1259 Ib._ 17.

_ 1260 Ib._ 39.

_ 1261 Ib._ 37.

1262 Plin. _Ad Traj._ 38.

_ 1263 Ib._ 33.

_ 1264 Ib._ 110; cf. Marq. _Röm. St._ i. 522.

1265 Plin. _Ad Traj._ 112, 114, 116.

_ 1266 Ib._ 79.

_ 1267 Ib._ 116.

_ 1268 Or. Henz._ 7001; Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 53; corruption,

however, by means of hospitality is expressly forbidden by the _Lex

Urson._ § 132; _C.I.L._ ii. _Suppl._ p. 852.

1269 Plin. _Ad Traj._ 96.

1270 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ 33; Gréard, _Plut._ pp. 246-7.

1271 The different classes of Curatores, which must be carefully

distinguished, are clearly given by Arnold, _Prov. Admin._ 236. Cf.

_Or. Henz._ 3899, 3902, 3989. For a good example of the function of

the Curator, cf. _Or._ 3787.

1272 For the sources of these, cf. Marq. _Röm. St._ ii. p. 96.

1273 Mau, _Pompeii_ (Eng. Tr.), p. 16.

1274 Mau, _Pompeii_ (Eng. Tr.), p. 15.

1275 Petron. _Sat._ 38.

1276 Mau, p. 143.

1277 Id. p. 111.

1278 Mau, p. 124.

1279 Id. pp. 147, 206.

1280 Id. p. 164.

_ 1281 Or. Henz._ 7008, 7010.

1282 Duruy, v. 396.

_ 1283 Or._ 781.

1284 Plin. _H. N._ xxix. 5.

1285 Duruy, v. 396.

1286 Plin. _l.c._

1287 D. Chrys. _Or._ 46 (519).

1288 Tac. _Hist._ iii. 34, reposita fora templaque munificentia

municipum.

1289 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. 1; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. p. 120.

1290 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. 5.

_ 1291 Ib._ ii. 6.

1292 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. 3.

_ 1293 C. Theod._ ix. 17, 5; _Nov. Valent._ 5.

_ 1294 Or. Henz._ 6993, 7013, 7190, 6622, 2287, 6985, 3325.

_ 1295 Ib._ 6994.

_ 1296 Ib._ 6983.

_ 1297 Or. Henz._ 7013.

_ 1298 C.I.L._ viii. 5366; she received the honour of five statues in

return.

_ 1299 Or. Henz._ 2287.

_ 1300 Ib._ 3325.

_ 1301 Ib._ 3772.

1302 Boissier, _L’Opp._ p. 44.

1303 See _Rom. Soc. in the Last Century of the Western Empire_ (1st ed.),

p. 202.

1304 Suet. _Nero_, xvi.

1305 Suet. _Vesp._ ix.; D. Cass. lxvi. 10.

1306 Suet. _Tit._ vii. nemine ante se munificentia minor.

1307 Suet. _Domit._ v.

1308 Plin. _Paneg._ 51.

1309 D. Cass. lxviii. 7, 15; Plin. _Paneg._ 29, 51.

1310 Ael. Spart. _Hadr._ c. 29.

_ 1311 Ib._ c. 19, § 10, eaque omnia propriis auctorum nominibus

consecravit.

1312 On the sportula at this time, cf. Suet. _Nero_, xvi., _Dom._ vii.;

Marq. _Pr._ i., 207 sq.; Momms. _De Coll._ p. 109.

1313 Plut. _Caes._ 55, _ἑστιάσας μὲν ἐν δισμυρίοις καὶ δισχιλίοις

τρικλίνοις ὁμοῦ σύμπαντας_: D. Cass. 43, 21, 3.

1314 Plin. _Ep._ i. 3, triclinia illa popularia.

1315 Petron. 71.

_ 1316 Or. Henz._ 7115, 1368, 4088, 4115.

_ 1317 Ib._ 3882.

_ 1318 Or. Henz._ 3868.

_ 1319 Ib._ 6211.

1320 Marq. _Priv._ i. 210; Petron. 45; _Or._ 842; Momms. _Colleg._ p.

110.

_ 1321 Or. Henz._ 3394; cf. Suet. _Calig._ 18.

_ 1322 Or. Henz._ 3738.

_ 1323 C.I.L._ x. 5853; Friedl. _Cena Trim._ p. 55.

_ 1324 Lex Urson._ § 132.

1325 Philostr. _Vit. Soph._ ii. 1.

1326 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 142; cf. Jul. Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. x.

1327 Suet. _Tit._ vii.

1328 D. Cass. 68. 15, _καὶ θέας ἐν τρισὶ καὶ εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν ἡμέραις

ἐποίησεν ... καὶ μονομάχοι μύριοι ἠγωνίσαντο_.

1329 Salv. _De Gub. Dei_, vi. § 69.

1330 Aug. _Conf._ vi. 8; cf. Sym. _Ep._ ii. 46.

1331 Tac. _Ann._ i. 76, _vili_ sanguine nimis gaudens.

1332 Suet. _Calig._ xxxv.

1333 Calpurn. _Ecl._ vii. 24 sqq.

Vidimus in caelum trabibus spectacula textis

Surgere, Tarpeium prope despectantia culmen—

... Sic undique fulgor

Percussit: stabam defixus et ore patenti,

Cunctaque mirabar, etc.

1334 Sen. _De Brev. Vit._ viii.; _Ep._ 95, § 33; Plut. _Reipubl. Ger.

Pr._ c. 29; Luc. _Dem._ c. 57.

1335 Plin. _Ep._ iv. 22.

1336 Suet. _Nero_, iv.

1337 D. Cass. 66. 15; cf. M. Aur. vi. 46.

1338 D. Cass. 68. 10 and 15, 66. 25; Suet. _Nero_, xi.; Suet. _Dom._ iv.

1339 D. Cass. 67. 1; cf. Friedl. ii. 202.

1340 Plin. _Ep._ vi. 34; _Paneg._ 33.

1341 Petron. 45.

1342 Strabo, v. c. 4, 13.

1343 Mau, 206, 207.

1344 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 17.

1345 Mau, 152.

1346 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 206.

1347 Mau, 216, 217. The words in one of these, flaminis Neronis Caesaris

Aug. fili, fix the date between 50 and 54 A.D.

1348 Mau, 217, 218.

_ 1349 Ib._ 411.

_ 1350 Ib._ 220; Juv. vi. 82 sqq.; cf. Mart. v. 24.

1351 Friedl. ii. 189.

_ 1352 Ib._ ii. 92.

1353 Tac. _Ann._ iv. 62.

_ 1354 Or. Henz._ 2532.

_ 1355 Ib._ 2530.

_ 1356 Ib._ 6148; _C.I.L._ x. 1074, 6012. This was given _postulante

populo_.

_ 1357 Or. Henz._ 5963, 5972, 2531; _C.I.L._ x. 228.

1358 Tac. _Hist._ ii. 70-72.

_ 1359 Ib._ iii. 84.

_ 1360 Or. Henz._ 3725, 6156; Strab. xvii. 1, 10; Friedl. ii. 204, 378

sqq.

1361 Apul. _Met._ x. 18; cf. iv. 13.

1362 Plut. _Reipubl. Ger. Pr._ 30; Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 21.

1363 Luc. _Dem._ 57; cf. Mahaffy, _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 271.

_ 1364 Or. Henz._ 2373, 7037, 148, 2532.

1365 Mart. iii. 59, 16.

_ 1366 Or. Henz._ 81.

1367 Petron. 45.

1368 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 137, Doch diese Summe erscheint gering im

Vergleich mit der kolossalen Verschwendung, mit der die Schauspiele

in der letzten Zeit der Republik gegeben wurden; cf. _C.I.L._ ii.

6278 (_Suppl._ p. 1032).

_ 1369 Or. Henz._ 2530; 2533; Friedl. _Cena Trim._ p. 58; Cic. _Ad Att._

12, 2.

1370 Suet. _Tib._ vii.

1371 Petron. 45.

1372 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 202; Suet. _Vitell._ xii. circumforaneo

lanistae vendidit.

1373 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 192.

1374 Petron. 45; D. Cass. 60. 30.

1375 D. Cass. 74. 2.

1376 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 196.

1377 D. Cass. 66. 15; Spart. _Hadr._ 14; cf. Suet. _Calig._ xxxiv.

1378 Lamprid. _Com._ xi.; cf. viii.; Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 150.

1379 Suet. _Jul. Caes._ xxxix.; Juv. vi. 252.

1380 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 198.

_ 1381 Or. Henz._ 2571, 2572; _C.I.L._ x. 7364; xii. 5836.

1382 Mau, _Pompeii_, p. 219 sq.

1383 Sen. _Ep._ 70, § 20; Tac. _Ann._ xv. 46. Sym. _Ep._ ii. 46; cf.

Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 211.

1384 Sen. _De Prov._ iv.

1385 Epict. _Diss._ i. 29, § 37.

1386 Friedl. _Sittengesch._ ii. 204.

_ 1387 Or. Henz._ 2566.

_ 1388 Ib._ 2571.

_ 1389 Or. Henz._ 2572-9; _C.I.L._ xii. 3329.

_ 1390 Or. Henz._ 2573-5; D. Cass. 72. 22.

1391 Juv. iii. 158.

_ 1392 C.I.L._ x. 1074.

_ 1393 Or. Henz._ 3721.

_ 1394 Ib._ 7008, 7010; cf. 7082, where a youth of twenty had been iivir

quinquennalis, and had given a gladiatorial show. Cf. 3714, quaestor

designatus est annorum xxiiii., 3745, 3246, 3768.

_ 1395 Ib._ 3764.

_ 1396 Ib._ 3773, 4036, 82, 5134; cf. 3744.

_ 1397 Or. Henz._ 3709, 3750; _C.I.L._ xii. 3203, 3219.

1398 Plut. _Reipubl. Ger. Pr._ c. 27.

_ 1399 Or. Henz._ 6992.

_ 1400 Ib._ 3811, 3722, 6999, 7007, 7004 (honore usus inpensam remisit),

7011, 7190, 4100.

_ 1401 Ib._ 3865, ex aere collato; 6996.

1402 This seems clear from Plut. _Reip. Ger. Pr._ c. 31, _καὶ μὴ

δανειζόμενον οἰκτρὸν ἅμα καὶ καταγέλαστον εἶναι περὶ τὰς

λειτουργίας_.

1403 Plut. _Reip. Ger. Pr._ c. 18; cf. c. 10.

1404 Plin. _Ep._ x. 113; 79.

1405 Plut. _Reip. Ger. Pr._ c. 18.

1406 Philostr. _Apoll. T._ iv. 5.

1407 Plut. _Reip. Ger. Pr._ c. 32; cf. Gréard, _Morale de Plut._ p. 230.

1408 Philostr. _Apoll. T._ v. 41, 10; cf. Gréard, p. 227.

1409 Plut. _Reip. Ger. Pr._ c. 15.

_ 1410 Ib._ c. 27, 29, 30, 20.

_ 1411 Or. Henz._ 4007 (Canusium), 2391 (Praeneste), 4491 (Pisa), 3898

(Bergamum), 3787 (Caere). For places out of Italy, cf. _C.I.L._ xii.

3212 (datus a Trajano); viii. 2403, 2660 (Timgad and Lambesi); iii.

3485 (Aquincum); ii. 484 (Emerita); 4112 (Tarraco); cf. x.; ii. p.

1158; Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. 11.

_ 1412 Or. Henz._ 3787, placuit tibi scribi an in hoc quoque et tu

consensurus esses.

1413 A.D. 113, as the names of the consuls show.

1414 See _Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_, p.

208 sqq. (1st ed.).

1415 M. Aurel. vi. 46; vii. 3; ix. 30.

_ 1416 Or. Henz. Ind._ 151; _C.I.L._ xii. p. 940; _Or. Henz._ 3763, 7170

(consensus plebis); _C.I.L._ xii. 3185 (ex postulatione populi); x.

5067, 1030, 8215, 3704.

1417 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 48; Hi (_i.e._ plebs) magistratuum et primi

cujusque avaritiam increpantes.

_ 1418 C.I.L._ iv. 202, 710, 787.

1419 Marq. _Priv._ i. 159, 160; Duruy, _Hist. des Rom._ v. 631; Athen.

vi. 272 D.

1420 Suet. _Octav._ 40; D. Cass. 55. 13.

_ 1421 Or. Henz._ iii. _Ind._ p. 180.

_ 1422 Or. Henz._ 4148, 4143, 4268, 4154. For the provinces of _C.I.L._

ii. Suppl. p. 1171; viii. p. 1102; x. 1163; xii. p. 943.

_ 1423 Or. Henz._, 4148, Marcia margaritaria de Via Sacra legavit ...

libertis libertabusque suis....

1424 Juv. i. 24; x. 224; Mart. iii. 16, 59.

1425 Duruy, v. 637.

1426 S. Hieron. _Ep._ 108, § 3.

_ 1427 Roman Society in the Last Century of the Western Empire_ (1st.

ed.), p. 193.

1428 Momms. _De Coll._ (Morel) p. 28 sq.; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 278;

Plut. _Numa_, c. 17, _ἦν δὲ διανομὴ κατὰ τὰς τέχνας αὐλητῶν,

χρυσοχόων, κτλ._

1429 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 76.

1430 Suet. _Caes._ 42; _Octav._ 32.

1431 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 84.

1432 Plin. _Ep._ x. 34.

1433 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 17, re ad patres relata ... collegia quae contra

leges instituerant dissoluta.

1434 Vop. _Aurel._ c. 38.

_ 1435 Or. Henz._ 6086; cf. Momms. _De Coll._ p. 98; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._

ii. 313; Duruy, v. 408.

1436 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 87.

1437 Lamprid. _Alex. Sev._ c. 33; cf. Duruy, v. 408.

_ 1438 Or. Henz._ 4841, Elysiis campis floreat umbra tibi; but cf. 4793,

manus levo contra deum qui me innocentem sustulit; 4796, Dii irati

aeterno somno dederunt.

_ 1439 Ib._ 4662, Qutia Silvana Uxor virum expecto meum.

_ 1440 Ib._ 2677, 2655, 4626, 4639, 4848, Domum servavit, lanam fecit.

Dixi, abei.

_ 1441 Ib._ 4775.

_ 1442 Ib._ 2669, 4653, 2413, 2414.

_ 1443 Or. Henz._ 2815, 2817, 4687, 4777, 4653.

_ 1444 Ib._ 4852, effugi crimen longa senecta tuum.

_ 1445 Ib._ 4816, balnea, vina, Venus corrumpunt corpora nostra, sed vitam

faciunt. Vixi; quod comedi et ebibi tantum meum est. Non fui, fui;

non sum, non curo; 4807, 7407, 7387.

_ 1446 Ib._ 4795, 7406.

_ 1447 Ib._ 4836.

_ 1448 Ib._ 4416.

_ 1449 Ib._ 4417.

_ 1450 Ib._ 4781, 4783, 4.

_ 1451 Or. Henz._ 4386, 4357, 4360, 4362, 4388, 4396, 4423, 4425, 4427.

_ 1452 Ib._ 6086. Ex S.C.P.R. quibus coire convenire collegiumque habere

liceat qui stipem menstruam conferre volent in funera, in id

collegium coeant neque sub specie ejus collegii nisi semel in mense

coeant, etc.

1453 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 313.

1454 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 87.

_ 1455 Or. Henz._ 2399, 2400.

_ 1456 Ib._ 4079.

_ 1457 Ib._ 4093.

_ 1458 Ib._ 4073, Loc. sep. convictor. qui una epulo vesci solent.

_ 1459 Ib._ 6086; Momms. _De Coll._ p. 98; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. p.

309 sqq.; Duruy, v. 412.

_ 1460 Or. Henz._ 6086; Col. ii., placuit ut quisquis servus ex hoc

collegio liber factus fuerit, etc.

1461 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 99; Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. p. 309.

1462 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 104.

_ 1463 Or. Henz._ 2417; Junio Rufino Cos. _i.e._ A.D. 153; Momms. p. 73.

1464 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 93.

1465 They have their ordo, plebs, decuriones, quinquennales, curatores,

honorati, patroni, quaestores, etc.; _v._ _Henz. Ind._ p. 176 sqq.

1466 Herodot. v. 66.

1467 Tac. _Hist._ iii. 32, tempus quoque mercatus ditem alioqui coloniam

majore opum specie complebat.

1468 Friedl. _Cena Trim. Einl._ p. 63.

1469 Apul. _Met._ i. 5.

1470 Momms. _Rom. Prov._ i. 74.

_ 1471 Or. Henz._ 178; Tac. _Hist._ iv. 5.

_ 1472 C.I.L._ ii. 2423.

_ 1473 Ib._ iii. 1500.

_ 1474 Ib._ x. 1634, 1579.

_ 1475 Ib._ iii. 365, 444, 455, 6051.

1476 Suet. _Claud._ xviii.; cf. Merivale, vi. 126 sq.

1477 Juv. xiv. 276.

1478 Philostr. _Apoll. Tyan._ iv. 34.

_ 1479 Or. Henz._ 6111, 6835.

_ 1480 Ib._ 4109.

_ 1481 Ib._ 6414, 2211, 4095, 4100, 4096; _C.I.L._ x. 5928, 1493; iii.

4045, 5678.

_ 1482 Or. Henz._ 2401.

_ 1483 C.I.L._ iv. 575, 581.

_ 1484 Or. Henz._ 4063, 4072, 4087, 7007.

_ 1485 Or. Henz._ 4243, 7205, 6950.

_ 1486 Ib._ 7007, 7254, 4110, 6950.

_ 1487 Ib._ 3655, 6029, 3178.

_ 1488 Ib._ 4093, 7206.

_ 1489 Ib._ 4105, 2619, 4113, 4112, 2625.

1490 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. p. 286.

_ 1491 Dig._ L. 7.

1492 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 287.

_ 1493 Or. Henz._ 6302.

_ 1494 Ib._

_ 1495 C.I.L._ iii. 2, 6150.

_ 1496 Ib._ ii. 6004.

_ 1497 Or. Henz._ 2863, Hilara viva rogavit ut ossa sua in olla Midaes

coicerentur cum mort. esset.

_ 1498 C.I.L._ iii. 6077, _v._ note.

_ 1499 Or. Henz._ 2386, 4938, 4123.

1500 Such as that in _Or. Henz._ 6086.

_ 1501 Or. Henz._ 6010, Colleg. Capitolinorum, etc.; cf. Cic. _Ad Quint.

Fratr._ ii. 5.

1502 Rutil. Namat. i. 63.

_ 1503 Or. Henz. Ind._ p. 154 sqq.

_ 1504 Ib._ 4068, 4107.

_ 1505 Ib._ 6127, 7181, 7182, 3217, 4138 (_v._ Orelli’s note to this

Inscription), 4071; _C.I.L._ x. p. 1163; iii. (2) p. 1180.

_ 1506 Or. Henz._ 2863, 7183, 5372.

_ 1507 Or._ 2417, ut ne plures adlegantur quam numerus s. s. etc.;

_C.I.L._ ii. 1167, collegio hominum centum dumtaxet constituto. Cf.

Plin. x. 33, where the coll. fabrorum is to be limited to 150.

1508 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 295.

_ 1509 Or. Henz._ 4055.

_ 1510 Ib._ 4054, 2417, 4056.

1511 The ranks are mingled, however, in _Or._ 2394; _C.I.L._ iii. 633.

1512 D. Cass. 60. 6, _τά τε καπελεῖα ἐς ἃ συνιόντες ἔπινον κατέλυσε,

κτλ._

_ 1513 Or. Henz._ 4088, 3298, 2279, 3787, 4085.

_ 1514 Ib._ 2417, solarium tectum junctum in quo populus collegi s. s.

epuletur.

_ 1515 Ib._ 4070.

_ 1516 Or. Henz._ 65, 900, 4088; cf. 4107, 4366.

_ 1517 Ib._ 2416, 4057.

_ 1518 Ib._ 4068.

_ 1519 Ib._ 2502.

_ 1520 Ib._ 2400, 4093.

_ 1521 C.I.L._ iii. 1, 633.

1522 Marq. _Priv._ i. 203.

_ 1523 Or. Henz._ 4082, 4118.

_ 1524 Ib._ 4082, 194, 73, 4077, 6654, 4109, 4069; _C.I.L._ iii. 1, 1209,

1497, 1051; x. 228; 1696; 3910.

_ 1525 Or. Henz._ 7007, 4109.

_ 1526 C.I.L._ iii. 1968; _Or. Henz._ 3927, 3321, 6275.

_ 1527 Or. Henz._ 4133.

_ 1528 Ib._ 7116, 3914, 3923, 4080, qui facultates suas coll. reliq.

_ 1529 Ib._ 4109; 194, 4069, 4071, 4094, 7194.

_ 1530 Ib._ 4109.

_ 1531 Ib._ 3724, honore usus impensam remisit; cf. 7011, 6992, 7190, so

_passim_.

_ 1532 C.I.L._ ii. 2102.

_ 1533 Or. Henz._ 4371, 4070, 4400, 7365; cf. Marq. _Pr._ i. 370.

_ 1534 Or. Henz._ 4456 aediculae in quibus simulacra, etc., 4510, 4400

area quae ante se est maceria cincta long. p. x̅l̅i̅i̅x̅., lat. p.

x̅x̅x̅i̅x̅., 7365, 4337, 4070, 4085.

_ 1535 Ib._ 4366 ejusque mausolei claves duae penes aliquem libertorum

meorum ... sint, 4637, 4353.

_ 1536 Ib._ 6206.

_ 1537 Ib._ 4366.

_ 1538 Or. Henz._ 3999, 4076, 4107, 4088.

_ 1539 Ib._ 3999.

_ 1540 Ib._ 6085.

_ 1541 Ib._ 7215 (A.D. 149).

1542 Macrob. _Sat._ iii. 13, 11-13.

1543 Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ ii. 319; Marq. _Pr._ i. 208; Hor. _Ep._ i. 14,

21.

1544 Momms. _De Colleg._ p. 109; cf. _Or._ 2385 (panem vinum et sportulas

dedit), 3949.

_ 1545 Or. Henz._ 2417.

1546 Fl. Apolloni Proc. Aug. qui fuit a pinacothecis.... Optimi piissimi,

etc.

_ 1547 Or. Henz._ 6086, quisquis ex hoc collegio servus defunctus fuerit,

etc.; cf. the composition of the club in _Or._ 2394.

_ 1548 Ib._ ut quieti et hilares diebus solemnibus epulemur, etc.

_ 1549 Or. Henz._ 4107.

1550 S. Paul. Nol. _Carm._ xxvii. 547-585; S. Aug. _Ep._ 32; _Serm._ v.

_ 1551 De Coll._ p. 3.

_ 1552 Or. Henz._ 2417, 4055, 2392, 3774, 3815, 1485, 4134.

_ 1553 Ib._ 2417, Item viii K. Mart. die Karae cognationis eodem loco

dividerent sportulas, etc.

_ 1554 Or. Henz._ 2399, 4073, 4093.

_ 1555 C.I.L._ i. 1406; ii. 5927.

1556 Momms. _De Coll._ p. 102; Plin. _Ep._ viii. 16.

1557 For the contempt for slaves in the fourth and fifth centuries, _v._

S. Hieron. _Ep._ 54, § 5; Salv. _De Gub. Dei_, iv. 26. For humaner

sentiment, cf. Macrob. _Sat._ i. 11, 12 sqq.; _C. Theod._ ix. 6, 2,

3, vii. 13, 8; ix. 7, 4; ix. 9, 1; ix. 12, 1.

1558 Plin. _Ep._ viii. 16, § 1; on the more humane feeling to slaves, cf.

Sen. _Ep._ 47; _De Ira_, iii. 24, 32; _De Clem._ i. 18; _De Ben._

iii. 18, 19, 20; Juv. xiv. 16; Spart. _Hadr._ c. 18; Wallon,

_L’Esclav._ i. c. 11; Marq. _Pr._ i. 177.

1559 Cagnat, _L’Armée Rom._ pp. 457 sqq.

1560 Veget. ii. 20.

1561 D. Cass. 65. 22; Capitol. _M. Ant._ c. 7; D. Cass. 73. 8; Cagnat, p.

459; Marq. _Röm. St._ ii. pp. 136, 543.

1562 Cf. Marcian ap. Momms. _De Coll._ p. 87, neve milites collegia in

castris habeant.

1563 Cagnat, p. 463.

_ 1564 C.I.L._ viii. 2552-7.

1565 Cagnat, pp. 467, 540; cf. Boissier, _L’Afr. Rom._ p. 111. _C.I.L._

viii. 2554, optiones scholam suam cum statuis et imaginibus domus

div. ex largissimis stipendiis ... fecerunt, etc.

_ 1566 C.I.L._ viii. 2552, 3, 4; 2557, iii. 3524; _Henz._ 6790; Cagnat, p.

472; Marq. _Röm. St._ ii. 544.

1567 Cagnat, p. 474.

1568 The Cornicines of the 3rd Legion at Lambesi paid an entrance fee of

750 denarii (_Scamnari nomine_). The anularium on retirement, and

the funeraticium, were each 500 _denarii_. It would seem that there

must have been a considerable surplus. _C.I.L._ viii. 2557.

_ 1569 Or. Henz._ 6086, universi consentire debemus ut longo tempore

inveterescere possimus; cf. 4357, 4360, 4366, 4386, 4395.

1570 The diptych, which has been singularly preserved, was found in a

deserted mine or quarry about 1780, along with some other private

documents of a commercial character; _v._ _C.I.L._ iii. p. 213, and

921. The dates range from 131 to 167 A.D. Cf. _Or. Henz._ 6087;

Schiller, _Gesch. der röm. Kaiserzeit_, i. 2, p. 643.

1571 See Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, 13, 14, Jener dualistische

Idealismus, welchen Plato begründet, und auch Aristoteles nicht

grundsätzlich überwunden hatte, führt in letzter Beziehung auf

nichts anderes zurück, als auf den Gegensatz des Inneren und

Aeusseren des Denkens und der gegenständlichen Welt.... Es war nur

ein Schritt weiter in dieser Richtung, wenn die nacharistotelische

Philosophie den Menschen in grundsätzlicher Abkehr von der

Aussenwelt auf sich selbst wies, um in seinem Innern die

Befriedigung zu suchen, etc.

1572 See Luc. _Eun._ c. 3, _συντέτακται ἐκ βασιλέως μισθοφορά τις οὐ

φαύλη κατὰ γένη τοῖς φιλοσόφοις, Στοϊκοῖς λέγω, κτλ._ Cf. Capitol.

_M. Ant._ c. 3; Philostr. _Apoll._ T. i. 7, § 8.

1573 Zeller, iii, 1, 16.

_ 1574 Ib._ 493-5; Überweg, _Hist. of Phil._ i. 220; Cic. _De Nat. Deor._

i. c. 17; _De Fin._ i. c. 9.

1575 Bussell, _School of Plato_, p. 264; Zeller, iii. 1; p. 8, 9.

1576 On pessimism in the reign of Augustus, _v._ Boissier, _Rel. Rom._ i.

p. 241. Cf. Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 8; _De Ben._ i. 10; _Ad Marc._ 20,

22; Tac. _Hist._ ii. 37; Petron. 88.

1577 Cf. Epict. iii. 13, §§ 9, 10, where the contrast between the “pax

Romana” and moral unrest is drawn.

1578 Zeller, iii. 1, pp. 12, 14, cf. Baur, _Ch. Hist._ i. p. 14 (Tr.).

1579 Cic. _Tusc._ iii 3, est profecto animi medicina philosophia, Sen.

_Ep._ 22, vena tangenda est; _Ep._ 53, Epict. iii. 23, § 30,

_ἰατρεῖόν ἐστι τὸ τοῦ φιλοσόφου σχολεῖον_.

1580 Sen. _Ep._ 94, § 5, § 22.

_ 1581 Ep._ 64, § 8.

1582 Plut. _De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. 8; Epict. iii. 23, § 23.

1583 Plut. _De Rect. Rat. Aud._ c. 12.

1584 Plut. (?) _De Lib. Ed._ c. 14.

1585 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, 487; Plut. _Aemil. P._ c. vi.;

Plin. _H. N._ xxxv. 135; Polyb. xxxii. 10. But cf. Mahaffy on

Zeller’s view, in _Greek World under Roman Sway_, p. 67.

1586 Sen. _Ad Marc._ 4.

1587 Luc. _De Merc. Cond._ 2, 4, 25.

1588 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 16, etiam sapientiae doctoribus tempus impertiebat

post epulas, utque contraria adseverantium discordia frueretur;

Spart. _Hadr._ 15.

1589 Sen. _De Tranq._ xiv. § 7.

1590 Tac. _Ann._ xvi. 34.

1591 Zeller, iii. 1, 656, 663.

1592 Epict. iii. 23, §§ 24-34; i. 4, § 9, _οὗτος, φησίν, ἤδη δι’ αὐτοῦ

δύναται Χρύσιππον ἀναγιγνώσκειν. Εὖ, νὴ τοὺς θεούς, προκόπτεις

ἄνθρωπε. Ποίαν προκοπήν;_

1593 Tertull. _De An._ c. 20, Seneca saepe noster; S. Hieron. _Adv.

Jovin._ i. 49.

1594 S. Hieron, _Adv. Jovin._ i. 29; _De Scrip. Eccl._ 12; S. Aug. _Ep._

153, cujus etiam ad Paulum apostolum leguntur epistolae.

1595 The worst about Seneca is collected in D. Cass. 61. 10. But cf. the

attack of P. Suillius, Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 42 and xiv. 52.

1596 Sen. _Ad Helv._ xix. § 2.

1597 Sen. _Ep._ 108, §§ 13-17.

_ 1598 Ep._ 108, § 22. He abandoned Pythagorean abstinence, as suspicious,

during the persecution of eastern cults; cf. Suet. _Tib._ 36.

1599 D. Cass. 59. 19.

_ 1600 Ib._ 60. 8; 61. 10; Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 42, schol. Juv. v. 109.

1601 D. Cass. 61. 4; Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 2. Dion suggests an intrigue with

Agrippina, 61. 10.

1602 Sen. _De Clem._ i. 5, 8.

1603 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 2, quo facilius ... voluptatibus concessis

retinerent, etc.

_ 1604 Ib._ xiii. 42; D. Cass. 61. 10.

1605 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 52, mors Burri infregit Senecae potentiam, etc.

1606 Tac. _Ann._ xiv. 54.

_ 1607 Ib._ xv. 56 sqq.

1608 Sen. _Ep._ 55; _De Tranq._ 1 and 2.

1609 Sen. _Ep._ 108, §§ 17-22.

1610 Cf. Baur, _Ch. Hist._ i. p. 16 (Tr.).

1611 D. Cass. 61. 10.

1612 Tac. _Ann._ xiii. 13; xiv. 7; and 11, sed Seneca adverso rumore

erat, quod oratione tali confessionem scripsisset.

1613 Sen. _Ep._ 77, § 16, ecquid habes propter quod expectes? Voluptates

ipsas quae te morantur consumpsisti.... Nihil tibi luxuria tua in

futuros annos reservavit intactum: cf. _Ep._ 89, § 21; 90, § 42.

_ 1614 De Ira_, ii. 8.

_ 1615 Ep._ 90, §§ 38-41.

_ 1616 Ep._ 49, § 5, non vaco ad istas ineptias: ingens negotium in

manibus est; _Ep._ 75, § 5, non delectent, verba nostra, sed prosint

... non quaerit aeger medicum eloquentem; _Ep._ 88, § 36, plus scire

quam sit satis, intemperantiae genus est. Cf. _Ep._ 71, § 6.

_ 1617 Ep._ 89, § 8, nec philosophia sine virtute est, nec sine

philosophia virtus.

_ 1618 Ep._ 66, § 12.

_ 1619 Ep._ 89, § 13; 117, §§ 30, 31.

_ 1620 Ep._ 48, § 8; 75, § 6.

_ 1621 Ep._ 64, § 3; 58, § 26.

_ 1622 De Vita B._ xiii, where he defends Epicurus.

_ 1623 Ep._ 64, § 8.

_ 1624 Ep._ 88, § 37, § 20.

_ 1625 Ep._ 88, § 2, unum studium vere liberale est quod liberum facit,

etc.

_ 1626 Ib._ § 39; cf. _Ep._ 88.

_ 1627 Ep._ 89; 66, § 33; 58, § 8.

_ 1628 Ib._ 71, § 6, erige te et relinque istum ludum literarium

philosophorum qui rem magnificam ad syllabas vocant, etc.

1629 Teuffel, ii. § 284, n. 6; cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p.

623.

1630 Zeller, iii. 1, p. 56.

_ 1631 Ep._ 117, § 19; _Nat. Quaest. Prol._; _Ep._ 65, § 15; cf. Zeller,

iii. 1. 622.

_ 1632 Nat. Quaest._ v. 15; cf. _Ep._ 88, § 15.

_ 1633 Nat. Quaest. Prol._ § 11, formicarum iste discursus est in augusto

laborantium.... Punctum est istud in quo navigatis, in quo bellatis;

Sursum ingentia spatia sunt, etc.; cf. Macrob. _Som. Scip._ i. 16, §

6.

1634 Sen. _Ep._ 73, § 13, sic deus non vincit sapientem felicitate

etiamsi vincit aetate.

1635 Cf. Pl. _Phaed._ 79 D; Arist. _Eth._ ix 8, § 7.

_ 1636 Ep._ 102, § 26, dies iste, quem tanquam extremum reformidas,

aeterni natalis est ... discutietur ista caligo et lux undique clara

percutiet ... nulla serenum umbra turbabit. Cf. _De Imit._ iii. 48,

§ 1, O supernae civitatis mansio beatissima! O dies aeternitatis

clarissima, quam nox non obscurat, sed summa Veritas semper

irradiat! Lucet quidem Sanctis perpetua claritate splendida, sed non

nisi a longe et per speculum peregrinantibus in terra.

_ 1637 Nat. Quaest._ iii. Praef., non praeterit me quam magnarum rerum

fundamenta ponam senex.

_ 1638 Ib._ ii. 59, § 2.

_ 1639 Ib._ iii, § 18.

_ 1640 Ib._ i. 17, § 8, An tu existimas auro inditum habuisse Scipionis

filias speculum cum illis dos fuisset aes grave?

_ 1641 Nat. Quaest._ ii. 59, § 3.

_ 1642 Ib._ iii. 1, § 1.

_ 1643 Ib._ vi. 32.

_ 1644 Ib._ vii. 30, § 1.

_ 1645 Ib._ vii. 30, § 3, quam multa praeter hos per secretum eunt nunquam

humanis oculis orientia?

_ 1646 Ib._ § 5, multa venientis aevi populus ignota nobis sciet, multa

saeculis tunc futuris, cum memoria nostra exoleverit, reservantur.

_ 1647 Ib._ vii. 31.

_ 1648 De Benef._ i. 10.

1649 Sen. _De Ira_, ii. 8, 9; _Ad Marc._ ii. 11, 17, 20; Tac. _Hist._ ii.

37; Petron. _Sat._ 88; M. Aurel. v. 33; v. 10.

1650 Sen. _Ep._ 77, § 6; 24, § 25; 89, § 21; 95, § 16; _De Tranq._ c. i.

_ 1651 Ep._ 48, § 8.

_ 1652 Ep._ 71, § 27; 94, § 50; _Ad Marc._ 24, § 5; _Ep._ 79, § 12, tunc

animus noster habebit quod gratuletur sibi, cum emissus his

tenebris, in quibus volutatur, non tenui visu clara perspexerit ...

et caelo redditus suo fuerit; Zeller, iii. i. 637.

_ 1653 Ep._ 79, § 12; 102, § 22, per has mortalis aevi moras illi meliori

vitae longiorique proluditur, §§ 26, 28; _Ep._ 73, § 15, Deus ad

homines venit, etc. But cf. Zeller, iii. 1, 650; and for a different

view, Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie in ihrem Verhältn. zum

Stoicismus_, etc. pp. 20-32. That Burgmann’s is the truer view

appears from Sen. _Ep._ 95, § 49; 65, § 9; _De Clem._ i. 5, § 7; _De

Benef._ ii. 29, § 4; _De Prov._ v. 10; _De Ira_, ii. 28, § 1; _Ep._

41, § 2.

_ 1654 Ep._ 95, § 10.

_ 1655 Ib._ § 57, rursus voluntas non erit recta nisi habitus animi rectus

fuerit, etc.

_ 1656 De Vit. Beat._ xii. § 4, nec aestimant, voluptas illa Epicuri quam

sobria et sicca sit, sed ad nomen ipsum advolant quaerentes

libidinibus suis patrocinium aliquod ac velamentum. Cf. _Ep._ 18, §

14; 16, § 7; 22, § 13; 28, § 9.

_ 1657 Ad Helv._ viii. § 3, quisquis formator universi fuit, sive ille

deus est potens omnium, sive incorporalis ratio ingentium operum

artifex, sive divinus spiritus per omnia aequali intentione

diffusus, sive fatum et immutabilis causarum inter se cohaerentium

series. Cf. _N. Quaest._ ii. 45, § 2.

_ 1658 Ep._ 71, § 14.

_ 1659 Ep._ 57, § 8; 66, § 12; 117, § 2.

1660 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, 122; cf. _Nat. Quaest._ ii. 45,

§ 2.

_ 1661 De Prov._ i. ii. § 6; _De Ira_, ii. 27; _De Benef._ ii. 29; _Ep._

73, § 16.

_ 1662 Ep._ 57, § 8, animus qui ex tenuissimo constat, deprehendi non

potest, etc.

1663 Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 41.

_ 1664 Ep._ 65, § 24, quem in hoc mundo deus obtinet, hunc in homine

animus.

1665 Pl. _Phaed._ 83 C, D; 79 B; D; cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii.

183; iii. 2, p. 634; Sen. _Ep._ 71, § 27.

_ 1666 Nat. Quaest._ iii. 30, § 8, sed illis quoque innocentia non

durabit—cito nequitia subrepit.

_ 1667 Ep._ 120, § 14; 65, § 16, nam corpus hoc animi pondus ac poena est;

premente illo urgetur, in vinculis est, etc. _Ad Polyb._ ix. § 6,

omnis vita supplicium est; _Ad Marc._ xx. § 2.

_ 1668 Ib._ 22, § 3.

_ 1669 Ep._ 24, § 18, mors nos aut consumit aut eximit; _Ep._ 36, § 10;

102, § 23; _De Prov._ vi. § 6; _Ad Marc._ 25, § 1; _ib._ 19, § 5;

20, § 2, quae efficit ut nasci non sit supplicium; cf. Epict. ii. 1;

iii. 10; iii. 13; iv. 1; M. Aurel. viii. 18; vi. 28; iii. 3; ix. 3.

_ 1670 Ep._ 53, § 11, est aliquid quo sapiens antecedat deum; cf. _Ep._

59, § 16, talis est sapientis animus, qualis mundus super lunam;

semper illic serenum est; 72, § 8.

_ 1671 Ep._ 74, § 1; 62, § 3, brevissima ad divitias per contemptum

divitiarum via est; 59, § 14.

_ 1672 Ep._ 74, §§ 6-12; cf. M. Aurel. v. 15, _νῦν δὲ ὅσῳ περ πλείω τις

ἀφαιρῶν ἑαυτοῦ τούτων ἢ καὶ ἀφαιρούμενός τι τούτων ἀνέχηται, τοσῷδε

μᾶλλον ἀγαθός ἐστι_: Epict. ii. 16, § 18; iii. 3, § 14.

1673 Sen. _Ep._ 31, § 10; 74, § 14 aut ista bona non sunt, quae vocantur,

aut homo felicior deo est, etc.

_ 1674 Ep._ 67, § 14.

_ 1675 Ep._ 66, § 12, ratio autem nihil aliud est quam in corpus humanum

pars divini spiritus mersa.

_ 1676 Nat. Quaest._ ii. 36; _De Prov._ 5, § 8, eadem necessitate et deos

adligat ... ille ipse omnium conditor scripsit quidem fata, sed

sequitur; semper paret, semel jussit.

_ 1677 Ep._ 95, § 57; cf. 116, § 7, satis natura dedit roboris si illo

utamur.

_ 1678 Ep._ 73, § 15, non sunt di fastidiosi: adscendentibus manum

porrigunt; _Ep._ 83, § 1, nihil deo clusum est; _Ep._ 43, § 5, O te

miserum si contemnis hunc testem.

_ 1679 Ep._, 90, § 38 sqq. avaritia omnia fecit aliena et in angustum ex

immenso redacta paupertatem intulit, et multa concupiscendo omnia

amisit.

_ 1680 Ib._ § 46, non fuere sapientes;... ignorantia rerum innocentes

erant.

1681 Sen. _Ep._ 66, § 13 sqq.; 113, § 14, Cic. _Tusc._ iv. 15, 34; Plut.

_Virt. Mor._ c. 2; Zeller, iii. 1, p. 224.

1682 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 235; Plut. _De Prof. in

Virt._ i. _ὥστε τὸν πρωΐ κάκιστον ἑσπέρας γεγονέναι κράτιστον κτλ._;

_Adv. St._ c. x.; cf. Sen. _Ep._ 76, § 19.

1683 Hor. _Sat._ i. 3, 124; Sen. _Ep._ i. 1, 106; cf. _Ep._ 73, § 13;

Aelian, _Var. Hist._ iv. 13; Luc. _Vit. Auct._ c. 20, _μόνος οὗτος

σοφός, μόνος καλός, μόνος ανδρεῖος βασιλεὺς ῥήτωρ, κτλ._

1684 Sen. _De Benef._ i. 10, § 1, hoc majores nostri questi sunt, hoc nos

querimur, hoc posteri nostri querentur, eversos mores regnare

nequitiam, in deterius res humanas labi. Cf. _Ad Polyb._ c. iv.

_ 1685 De Ira_, ii. 8, § 1, istic tantumdem esse vitiorum quantum hominum.

1686 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 637; cf. p. 249. Cf. Martha,

_Mor. sous l’Emp._ p. 62. On Seneca’s relation to the old Stoic

theology, _v._ Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 42 sq.

1687 Sen. _De Vit. Beat._ c. 22.

_ 1688 Ep._ 74, § 17; 87, § 29 sq.: _De Ben._ v. 13, § 1 sq.; Zeller, iii.

1, p. 638.

_ 1689 εὐπάθειαι_, cf. _De Brev. Vit._ xiv. § 2; _De Ira_, ii. 2-4;

Zeller, iii. 1, p. 216.

_ 1690 De Tranq._ vii. § 4, ubi enim istum invenies quem tot seculis

quaerimus? Pro optimo est minime malus. _Ep._ 42, § 1.

_ 1691 Ep._ 90, § 44 sqq.

_ 1692 Ep._ 72, §§ 6-11.

_ 1693 Ep._ 75, § 8 sqq.

_ 1694 Ep._ 72, § 8 sapiens laetitia fruitur maxima, continua, sua.

_ 1695 Ep._ 57, § 3, non de me loquor, qui multum ab homine tolerabili,

nedum a perfecto absum: cf. _Ep._ 89, § 2.

_ 1696 Ad Polyb._ ii. § 1; _Ep._ 53, § 4; 56 §§ 1-3.

_ 1697 Ep._ 24; esp. § 14.

_ 1698 Ep._ 53, § 7, quo quis pejus se habet, minus sentit.

_ 1699 Ep._ 94, §§ 55, 56.

_ 1700 Ep._ 112, vitia sua et amat simul et odit.

_ 1701 Ep._ 29.

_ 1702 Ep._ 28, § 1.

_ 1703 Ep._ 13, § 4 sq.; _Ep._ 24, § 11.

_ 1704 Ep._ 117, § 31; 75, § 6.

_ 1705 Ep._ 13, § 17, quid est turpius quam senex vivere incipiens?

_ 1706 Ep._ 24.

_ 1707 Ep._ 95, § 49.

_ 1708 Ep._ 94, § 5, digiti puerorum tenentur et aliena manu per literarum

simulacra ducuntur.

_ 1709 Ep._ 11, § 8; Plut. _De Pr. Virt._ xv.

_ 1710 Ep._ 25, § 1.

1711 S. Hieron. _Ep._ 127, §§ 5-7; _Ep._ 118, § 5; Sulp. _Sev._ ii. 13, §

7.

1712 Sen. _Ep._ 36, § 1, illum objurgant quod umbram et otium petierit;

_Ep._ 123, § 15, illos quoque nocere nobis existimo, qui nos sub

specie Stoicae sectae hortantur ad vitia: hoc enim jactant solum

sapientem et doctum esse amatorem.

1713 Sen. _Ep._ 123, § 10. Cf. _Inscr. Or. Henz._ 4806, 4807, 4816.

_ 1714 De Tranq._ i.

_ 1715 Ib._ i. §§ 13-15, nec aegroto nec valeo;... In omnibus rebus haec

me sequitur bonae mentis infirmitas. _Ib._ § 17, rogo, si quod habes

remedium quo hanc fluctuationem meam sistam, dignum me putes qui

tibi tranquillitatem debeam.

_ 1716 Ep._ 7, § 8; 19, § 2.

_ 1717 Ep._ 68, ipsum otium absconde; jactandi autem genus est nimis

latere.

_ 1718 Ep._ 43, § 4; cf. 83, § 1; 10, § 2, mecum loquor ... cave ne cum

homine malo loquaris.

_ 1719 Ep._ 10, § 5, turpissima vota dis insusurrant; cf. Pers. _Sat._ ii.

7-18; Sen. _Ep._ 41, § 1.

_ 1720 Ep._ 11, § 8; 104, § 21, vive cum Chrysippo, cum Posidonio.

_ 1721 Ep._ 6, § 1; _Ep._ 28; _Ep._ 50, § 4; Plut. _De Prof. in Virt._ c.

xi. _τὸ πάθος λέγειν καὶ τὴν μοχθηρίαν ἀποκαλύπτειν οὐ φαῦλον ἂν εἴη

προκοπῆς σημεῖον_.

_ 1722 De Ira_, iii. 36, § 3.

_ 1723 Ep._ 32, § 2, in tanta brevitate vitae quam breviorem inconstantia

facimus, etc.; _Ep._ 99, § 11, intelleges etiam in longissima vita

minimum esse quod vivitur.

_ 1724 Ep._ 56, § 15; 51, § 5.

_ 1725 Ep._ 51, § 4; 104, § 20, si vis peregrinationes habere jucundas,

tuum comitem sana.

_ 1726 Ep._ 17, § 5; 18, § 8; _Ep._ 87, § 1; cf. Martha, p. 42.

_ 1727 Ep._ 96, § 5.

_ 1728 Ep._ 78, § 16, 4, nos quoque evincamus omnia, quorum praemium non

corona nec palma est, etc.

_ 1729 De Vit. Beat._ vii. § 4; _Ep._ 83, § 27.

_ 1730 Ep._ 37.

_ 1731 Ep._ 96; 98, §§ 2, 7.

_ 1732 De Prov._ iii. § 4.

_ 1733 Ep._ 24, § 13, rebus persona demenda est.

_ 1734 Ib._ § 18; cf. _Ep._ 36, § 10; _Ep._ 30, § 17; _Ep._ 58, § 27; cf.

Epict. ii. 1.

_ 1735 De Prov._ vi. § 6; _Ad Marc._ 25; _Ep._ 102, §§ 23-26, Per has

mortalis aevi moras illi meliori vitae longiorique proluditur.

_ 1736 Ep._ 24, § 11.

_ 1737 Ep._ 24, § 20; _Ep._ 36.

_ 1738 Ep._ 93, § 2, longa est vita si plena est; cf. 101, § 10, singulos

dies singulas vitas puta.

_ 1739 De Brev. Vit._ viii. § 1.

_ 1740 Ib._ x.

_ 1741 Ib._ ix. § 4, pueriles adhuc animos senectus opprimit.

1742 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 329, der Stoiker ist zu

gebildet ... um den Werth der wissenschaftlichen Weltbetrachtung zu

verkennen.

1743 Cf. Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 277, die Philosophie

immer nur die geschichtlich vorhandenen Zustände abspiegele.

1744 Burgmann, _Seneca’s Theologie_, p. 26.

_ 1745 Ep._ 109, § 10; 9, § 15.

_ 1746 De Otio_, iv.; _Ep._ 68, § 2; cf. S. Aug. _De Civ. Dei_, xi. 1.

1747 Zeller, _Phil. der Griech._ iii. 1, p. 274; Stob. _Flor._ 45, 29;

Sen. _Ep._ 29, § 11.

_ 1748 Ep._ 19, § 6, subduc cervicem jugo tritam.

_ 1749 De Otio_, iii. § 2, accedet ad rempublicam nisi si quid impedierit.

_ 1750 Ib._ viii. § 1, interrogo ad quam rempublicam sapiens sit

accessurus, ad Athenas in qua Socrates damnatur, etc.; cf. Diog.

Laert. v. 1.

_ 1751 Ib._ vii. § 131.

1752 Sen. _Ep._ 9, § 13.

_ 1753 Ep._ 109, § 3 sqq.

1754 Epict. _Diss._ iii. 22, § 69.

1755 Epict. _Diss._ i. 9, § 1 sqq. _ἢ τὸ τοῦ Σωκράτους, μηδέποτε πρὸς τὸν

πυθόμενον, ποδαπός ἐστι, εἰπεῖν ὅτι Ἀθηναῖος ἢ Κορίνθιος, ἀλλ’ ὅτι

Κόσμος_.

1756 M. Aurel. iii. 11; vi. 44, _πόλις καὶ πατρὶς ὡς μὲν Ἀντωνίνῳ μοι ἡ

Ῥώμη, ὡς δὲ ἀνθρώπῳ ὁ Κόσμος_.

1757 Sen. _Ep._ 95, § 52; cf. M. Aurel. iv. 4, _ὁ κόσμος ὡσανεὶ πόλις

ἐστί_: Epict. _Diss._ i. 13, § 3; Cic. _De Leg._ i. 7, 23, ut jam

universus hic mundus una civitas sit communis deorum atque hominum

existimanda.

1758 Sen. _Ep._ 47, § 2, alteri vivas oportet, si vis tibi vivere; _Ep._

55, non sibi vivit qui nemini.

_ 1759 De Otio_, iii. § 5.

_ 1760 De Benef._ iv. 18, § 2, nudum et infirmum societas munit.

_ 1761 De Ira_, i. 5, § 2.

_ 1762 De Ira_, ii. 10, § 5 sqq.

_ 1763 Ib._ ii. 8 and 9; _Ep._ 90, § 9 sqq.; _N. Quaest._ v. 15.

_ 1764 Ib._ ii. 10, §§ 6-8.

_ 1765 De Clem._ i. 6, § 3, peccavimus omnes.

_ 1766 De Ira_, ii. 28, § 8, aliena vitia in oculis habemus, a tergo

nostra sunt.

_ 1767 De Ben._ iv. 4 and 5; iv. 28; _De Ira_, iii. 26.

_ 1768 De Ira_, ii. 28.

_ 1769 Ib._ iii. 5, ingens animus et verus aestimator sui non vindicat

injuriam quia non sentit.... Ultio doloris confessio est.