Another set of participles is used to describe or show the condition
or state of the "doer" of the action, namely "-anta", denoting
"incompleteness" or present time, "-inta", denoting "completeness" or
past time, and "-onta", denoting "action not yet begun", or future time,
as "Sur la arbo staras kantanta birdo (aux birdo kantanta"), On the tree
is a singing bird (or a bird singing); "En la venonta somero mi vizitos
vin", In the coming summer I shall visit you; "La pasinta nokto estis
tre pluva", The past night was very wet (rainy).
Mi estas mangxanta .......... I am (in the act of) eating.
Li estis mangxanta .......... He was eating.
Ni estos mangxantaj ......... We shall be eating.
Vi estus mangxantaj ......... You would be eating.
(Ke) ili estu mangxantaj .... (That) they may be eating.
Esti mangxanta .............. To be eating.
Estu mangxanta .............. Be (in the act of) eating.
Mi estas teninta ............ I am (in the state of) having
held, or, I have held.
Li estis teninta ............ He was (in the state of) having
held, or, he had held.
Ni estos tenintaj ........... We shall be (in the state of)
having held, or, we shall
have held.
Vi estus tenintaj ........... You would be (in the state of)
having held, or, you would
have held.
(Ke) ili estu tenintaj ...... (That) they may be (in the
state of) having held, or,
(that) they may have held.
Esti teninta ................ To be (in the state of) having
held, or, to have held.
Mi estas dironta ............ I am about (going) to say.
Li estis dironta ............ He was about (going) to say.
Ni estos dirontaj ........... We shall be about (going) to
say.
Vi estus dirontaj ........... You would be about (going)
to say.
(Ke) ili estu dirontaj ...... (That) they may be about
(going) to say.
Esti dironta ................ To be about (going) to say.
The participles are made into nouns by ending them with "o" instead of
"a", as "Kiam Nikodemo batas Jozefon, tiam Nikodemo estas la batanto,
kaj Jozefo estas la batato", When Nicodemus beats Joseph, then Nicodemus
is the beater, and Joseph is the one being beaten.
La batanto ...... The one who is beating.
La batinto ...... The one who was beating.
La batonto ...... The one who is about (going) to beat.
La batato ....... The one who is being beaten.
La batito ....... The one who has been beaten.
La batoto ....... The one who is about to be beaten.
Note that the participles which have "n" in the termination refer to the
"doer"; they are called "active" participles. Those without "n" refer to
the one to whom the action is done; they are "passive" participles.