Herodotus, mentioning this king's expedition, and the victory gained

by him at Magdolus, (as he calls it,) says that he afterwards took the

city Cadytis, which he represents as situated in the mountains of

Palestine, and equal in extent to Sardis, the capital at that time not

only of Lydia, but of all Asia Minor. This description can suit only

Jerusalem, which was situated in the manner above described, and was

then the only city in those parts that could be compared to Sardis. It

appears besides, from Scripture, that Nechao, after his victory, made

himself master of this capital of Judea; for he was there in person,

when he gave the crown to Jehoiakim. The very name Cadytis, which in

Hebrew, signifies the holy, points clearly to the city of Jerusalem,

as is proved by the learned dean Prideaux.

10. _Psammis_.--His reign was but of six years' duration, and history

has left us nothing memorable concerning him, except that he made an

expedition into Ethiopia.

11. _Apries_.--In Scripture he is called Pharaoh-Hophra; and,

succeeding his father Psammis, reigned twenty-five years.

During the first year of his reign, he was as happy as any of his

predecessors. He carried his arms into Cyprus; besieged the city of

Sidon by sea and land; took it, and made himself master of all

Phoenicia and Palestine.

So rapid a success elated his heart to a prodigious degree, and, as

Herodotus informs us, swelled him with so much pride and infatuation,

that he boasted it was not in the power of the gods themselves to

dethrone him; so great was the idea he had formed to himself of the

firm establishment of his own power. It was with a view to these

arrogant conceits, that Ezekiel put the vain and impious words

following into his mouth: _My river is mine own, and I have made it

for myself_. But the true God proved to him afterwards that he had a

master, and that he was a mere man; and he had threatened him long

before, by his prophets, with all the calamities he was resolved to

bring upon him, in order to punish him for his pride.

12. _Amasis_.--After the death of Apries, Amasis became peaceable

possessor of Egypt, and reigned over it forty years. He was, according

to Plato, a native of the city of Sais.

As he was but of mean extraction, he met with no respect, and was

contemned by his subjects in the beginning of his reign. He was not

insensible of this; but nevertheless thought it his interest to subdue

their tempers by an artful carriage, and to win their affection by

gentleness and reason. He had a golden cistern, in which himself, and

those persons who were admitted to his table, used to wash their feet,

he melted it down, and had it cast into a statue, and then exposed the

new god to public worship. The people hastened in crowds to pay their

adorations to the statue. The king, having assembled the people,

informed them of the vile uses to which this statue had once been put,

which nevertheless was now the object of their religious prostrations;

the application was easy, and had the desired success; the people

thenceforward paid the king all the respect that is due to majesty.

He always used to devote the whole morning to public affairs, in order

to receive petitions, give audience, pronounce sentences, and hold his

councils; the rest of the day was given to pleasure, and as Amasis, in

hours of diversion, was extremely gay, and seemed to carry his mirth

beyond due bounds, his courtiers took the liberty to represent to him

the unsuitableness of such a behaviour; when he answered that it was

impossible for the mind to be always serious and intent upon business,

as for a bow to continue always bent.

It was this king who obliged the inhabitants of every town to enter

their names in a book kept by the magistrates for that purpose, with

their profession and manner of living. Solon inserted this custom

among his laws.

He built many magnificent temples, especially at Sais the place of his

birth. Herodotus admired especially a chapel there, formed of one

single stone, and which was twenty-one cubits in front, fourteen in

depth, and eight in height; its dimensions within were not quite so

large; it had been brought from Elephantina, and two thousand men were

employed three years in conveying it along the Nile.

_Amasis_ had a great esteem for the Greeks. He granted them large

privileges; and permitted such of them as were desirous of settling in

Egypt to live in the city of Naucratis, so famous for its harbour.

When the rebuilding of the temple of Delphi, which had been burnt, was

debated on, and the expense was computed at three hundred talents,

Amasis furnished the Delphians with a very considerable sum towards

discharging their quota, which was the fourth part of the whole

charge.

He made an alliance with the Cyrenians, and married a wife from among

them. He is the only king of Egypt who conquered the island of Cyprus,

and made it tributary. Under his reign Pythagorus came into Egypt,

being recommended to that monarch by the famous Polycrates, tyrant of

Samos, who had contracted a friendship with Amasis, and will be

mentioned hereafter. Pythagoras, during his stay in Egypt, was

initiated in all the mysteries of the country, and instructed by the

priests in whatever was most abstruse and important in their religion.

It was here he imbibed his doctrine of the metempsychosis, or

transmigration of souls.

In the expedition in which Cyrus conquered so great a part of the

world, Egypt doubtless was subdued, like the rest of the provinces,

and Xenophon positively declares this in the beginning of his

Cyropædia, or institution of that prince. Probably, after that the

forty years of desolation, which had been foretold by the prophet,

were expired, Egypt beginning gradually to recover itself, Amasis

shook off the yoke, and recovered his liberty.

Accordingly we find, that one of the first cares of Cambyses, the son

of Cyrus, after he had ascended the throne, was to carry his arms into

Egypt. On his arrival there, Amasis was just dead, and succeeded by

his son Psammetus.

13. _Rameses Miamun_, according to Archbishop Usher, was the name of

this king, who is called Pharaoh in Scripture. He reigned sixty-six

years, and oppressed the Israelites in a most grievous manner. _He set

over them taskmasters, to afflict them with their burdens, and they

built for Pharaoh treasure cities, Pithon and Raamses. And the

Egyptians made the children of Israel serve with rigour, and they made

their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar and in brick, and in

all manner of service in the field; all their service wherein they

made them serve, was with rigour_. This king had two sons, Amenophis

and Busiris.

14. _Amenophis_, the eldest, succeeded him. He was the Pharaoh under

whose reign the Israelites departed out of Egypt, and who was drowned

in his passage through the Red Sea. Archbishop Usher says, that

Amenophis left two sons, one called Sesothis, or Seaostris, and the

other Armais. The Greeks call him Belus, and his two sons, Egyptus and

Danaus.

15. _Sesostris_ was not only one of the most powerful kings of Egypt,

but one of the greatest conquerors that antiquity boasts of. He was at

an advanced age sent by his father against the Arabians, in order

that, by fighting with them, he might acquire military knowledge. Here

the young prince learned to bear hunger and thirst, and subdued a

nation which till then had never been conquered. The youth educated

with him, attended him in all his campaigns.

Accustomed by this conquest to martial toils he was next sent by his

father to try his fortune westward. He invaded Libya, and subdued the

greatest part of that vast continent.

His army consisted of six hundred thousand foot, and twenty thousand

horse, besides twenty thousand armed chariots.

He invaded Ethiopia, and obliged the nations of it to furnish him

annually with a certain quantity of ebony, ivory, and gold.

He had fitted out a fleet of four hundred sail, and ordering it to

sail to the Red Sea, made himself master of the isles and cities lying

on the coast of that sea. After having spread desolation through the

world for nine years, he returned, laden with the spoils of the

vanquished nations. A hundred famous temples, raised as so many

monuments of gratitude to the tutelar gods of all the cities, were the

first, as well as the most illustrious testimonies of his victories.

16. _Pheron_ succeeded Sesostris in his kingdom, but not in his glory.

He probably reigned fifty years.

17. _Proteus_ was son of Memphis, and according to Herodotus, must

have succeeded the first--since Proteus lived at the time of the siege

of Troy, which, according to Usher, was taken An. Mun. 2820.

18. _Rhampsinitus_ who was richer than any of his predecessors, built

a treasury. Till the reign of this king, there had been some shadow at

least of justice and moderation in Egypt; but, in the two following

reigns, violence and cruelty usurped their place.

19, 20. Cheops and Cephrenus, reigned in all one hundred and six

years. Cheops reigned fifty years, and his brother Cephrenus fifty-six

years after him. They kept the temples closed during the whole time of

their long reign; and forbid the offerings of sacrifice under the

severest penalties. They oppressed their subjects.

21. _Mycerinus_ the son of Cheops, reigned but seven years. He opened

the temples; restored the sacrifices; and did all in his power to

comfort his subjects, and make them forget their past miseries.

22. _Asychis_ one of the kings of Egypt. He valued himself for having

surpassed all his predecessors, by building a pyramid of brick, more

magnificent, than any hitherto seen.

23. _Busiris_, built the famous city of Thebes, and made it the seat

of his empire. This prince is not to be confounded with Busirus, so

infamous for his cruelties.

24. _Osymandyas_, raised many magnificent edifices, in which were

exhibited sculptures and paintings of exquisite beauty.

25. _Uchoreus_, one of the successors of Osymandyas, built the city of

Memphis. This city was 150 furlongs, or more than seven leagues in

circumference, and stood at the point of the Delta, in that part where

the Nile divides itself into several branches or streams. A city so

advantageously situated, and so strongly fortified, became soon the

usual residence of the Egyptian kings.

26. _Thethmosis_ or _Amosis_, having expelled the Shepherd kings,

reigned in Lower Egypt.[645]

FOOTNOTES:

[645] Rollin, vol. i. pp. 129-147.

* * * * *

CHAPTER VIII.

AFRICAN LANGUAGES.

In the language of the Kafirs, for example, not only the cases but the

numbers and genders of nouns are formed entirely by prefixes,

analogous to articles. The prefixes vary according to number, gender

and case, while the nouns remain unaltered except by a merely euphonic

change of the initial letters. Thus, in Coptic, from _sheri_, a son,

comes the plural _neu-sheri_, the sons; from _sori_, accusation,

_hau-sori_, accusations. Analogous to this we have in the Kafir _ama_

marking the plural, as _amakosah_ the plural of _kosah_, _amahashe_

the plural of _ihashe_, _insana_ the plural of _usana_. The Kafir has

a great variety of similar prefixes; they are equally numerous in the

language of Kongo, in which, as in the Coptic and the Kafir, the

genders, numbers, and cases of nouns are almost solely distinguished

by similar prefixes.

"The Kafir language is distinguished by one peculiarity which

immediately strikes a student whose views of language have been formed

upon the examples afforded by the inflected languages of ancient and

modern Europe. With the exception of a change of termination in the

ablative case of the noun, and five changes of which the verb is

susceptible in its principal tenses, the whole business of declension,

conjugation, &c., is carried on by prefixes, and by the changes which

take place in the initial letters or syllables of words subjected to

grammatical government."[646]

Resources are not yet in existence for instituting a general

comparison of the languages of Africa. Many years will probably elapse

before it will be possible to produce such an analysis of these

languages, investigated in their grammatical structure, as it is

desirable to possess, or even to compare them by extensive collections

of well-arranged vocabularies, after the manner of Klaproth's Asia

Polyglotta. Sufficient data however are extant, and I trust that I

have adduced evidence to render it extremely probable that a principle

of analogy in structure prevails extensively among the native idioms

of Africa. They are probably allied, not in the manner or degree in

which Semitic or Indo-European idioms resemble each other, but by

strong analogies in their general principles of structure, which may

be compared to those discoverable between the individual members of

two other great classes of languages, by no means connected among

themselves by what is called family relation. I allude to the

monosyllabic and the polysynthetic languages, the former prevalent in

Eastern Asia, the latter throughout the vast regions of the New World.

If we have sufficient evidence for constituting such a class of

dialects under the title of African languages, we have likewise

reason--and it is equal in degree--for associating in this class the

language of the ancient Egyptians.[647]

That the written _Abyssinian_ language, which we call _Ethiopick_, is

a dialect of old _Chaldean_, and sister of _Arabick_ and _Hebrew_; we

know with certainty, not only from the great multitude of identical

words, but (which is a far stronger proof) from the similar

grammatical arrangement of the several idioms: we know at the same

time, that it is written like all the _Indian_ characters, from the

left hand to the right, and that the vowels are annexed, as in

Devanagari, to the consonants; with which they form a syllabick system

extremely clear and convenient, but disposed in a less artificial

order than the system of letters now exhibited in the _Sanscrit_

grammars; whence it may justly be inferred, that the order contrived

by PANINI or his disciples is comparatively modern; and I have no

doubt, from a cursory examination of many old inscriptions on pillars

and in caves, which have obligingly been sent to me from all parts of

India, that the _Nagari_ and _Ethiopean_ letters had at first a

similar form. It has long been my opinion, that the _Abyssinians_ of

the _Arabian_ stock, having no symbols of their own to represent

articulate sounds, borrowed those of the black pagans, whom the

_Greeks_ call _Troglodytes_, from their primeval habitations in

natural caverns, or in mountains excavated by their own labour: they

were probably the first inhabitants of _Africa_, where they became in

time the builders of magnificent cities, the founders of seminaries

for the advancement of science and philosophy, and the inventors (if

they were not rather the importers) of symbolical characters. I

believe on the whole, that the _Ethiops_ of _Meroe_ were the same

people with the first _Egyptians_, and consequently, as it might

easily be shown, with the original _Hindus_. To the ardent and

intrepid MR. BRUCE, whose travels are to my taste, uniformally

agreeable and satisfactory, though he thinks very differently from me

on the language and genius of the Arabs, we are indebted for more

important, and, I believe, more accurate information concerning the

nations established near the _Nile_, from its fountains to its mouths,

than all _Europe_ united could before have supplied; but, since he has

not been at the pains to compare the seven languages, of which he has

exhibited a specimen, and since I have not leisure to make the

comparison, I must be satisfied with observing, on his authority, that

the dialects of the _Gafots_ and the _Gallas_, the _Agows_ of both

races, and the _Falashas_, who must originally have used a _Chaldean_

idiom, were never preserved in writing, and the _Amharick_ only in

modern times: they must, therefore, have been for ages in fluctuation,

and can lead, perhaps, to no certain conclusion as to the origin of

the several tribes who anciently spoke them. It is very remarkable, as

MR. BRUCE and MR. BRYAN have proved, that the _Greeks_ gave the

appellation of _Indians_ both to the southern nations of _Africk_ and

to the people, among whom we now live; nor is it less observable,

that, according to EPHORUS, quoted by STRABO, they called all the

southern nations in the world _Ethiopians_, thus using _Indian_ and

_Ethiop_ as convertible terms: but we must leave the gymnosophists of

Ethiopia, who seemed to have professed the doctrines of BUDDHA, and

enter the great _Indian_ ocean, of which their _Asiatick_ and

_African_ brethren were probably the first navigators.[648]

FOOTNOTES:

[646] Kafir Grammar, p. 3.

[647] Prichard, vol. ii. pp. 216, 217.

* * * * *

SHERBRO MISSION-DISTRICT, WESTERN AFRICA.

Western Africa is one of the most difficult mission-fields in the

entire heathen world. The low condition of the people, civilly,

socially, and religiously, and the deadly climate to foreigners, make

it indeed a hard field to cultivate. I am fully prepared to indorse

what Rev. F. Fletcher, in charge of Wesleyan District, Gold Coast,

wrote a few months ago in the following language: "The Lord's work in

western Africa is as wonderful as it is deadly. In the last forty

years more than 120 missionaries have fallen victims to that climate;

but to-day the converts to Christianity number at least 30,000, many

of whom are true Christians. In this district we have 6,000 church

members, and though they are poor, last year they gave over 5,000

dollars for evangelistic and educational work.

"_Sherbro Mission_ now has four stations and chapels and over forty

appointments, 112 church members, 164 seekers of religion, 75 acres of

clear land, with carpenter, blacksmith, and tailor shops, in and upon

which, twenty five boys are taught to labor, and where eleven girls

are taught to do all ordinary house work and sewing, with its four day

and Sunday schools, 212 in the former and more than that number in the

latter, and with an influence for good that now reaches the whole

Sherbro tribe, embracing a country at least fifty miles square and

containing about 15,000 people. The seed sown is taking deep root

there, and the harvest is rapidly ripening, when thousands of souls

will be garnered for heaven. Surely we ought to thank God for past

success and resolve to do much more for that needy country in the

future.

"We now have Revs. Corner, Wilberforce, Evans, and their wives, all

excellent missionaries, from America; then Revs. Sawyer, Hero, Pratt,

and their wives, Mrs. Lucy Caulker, and other native laborers, all of

whom are doing us good service. With these six ordained ministers, and

twice that number of teachers and helpers, who are devoting all their

time to the mission, the work is going forward gloriously. Still,

there should be new stations opened and more laborers sent out

immediately."[649]

FOOTNOTES:

[648] Asiatic Researches, vol. iii. pp. 4, 5.

[649] Twenty fifth Annual Report, United Brethren, 1881.

* * * * *

Part II

_SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES._

CHAPTER XV.

CONDITION OF SLAVES IN MASSACHUSETTS.

The following memorandum in Judge Sewall's letter book was called

forth by Samuel Smith, murderer of his Negro slave at Sandwich. It

illustrates the deplorable condition of servants at that time in

Massachusetts, and shows Judge Sewall to have been a man of great

humanity.

"The poorest Boys and Girls in this Province, such as are of

the lowest Condition; whether they be English, or Indians,

or Ethiopians: They have the same Right to Religion and

Life, that the Richest Heirs have.

"And they who go about to deprive them of this Right, they

attempt the bombarding of HEAVEN, and the Shells they throw,

will fall down upon their own heads.

"Mr. Justice Davenport, Sir, upon your desire, I have sent

you these _Quotations_, and my _own Sentiment_. I pray GOD,

the Giver and Guardian of Life, to give his gracious

Direction to you, and the other Justices, and take leave,

who am your brother and most humble servant,

"SAMUEL SEWALL.

"BOSTON, July 20, 1719.

"I inclosed also the _selling of Joseph_, and my Extract out

of the _Athenian Oracle_.

"To Addington Davenport, Esq., etc., going to Judge Sam'l

Smith of Sandwitch, for killing his Negro."[650]

_Petition of Slaves in Boston_.

On the 23d of June, 1773, the following petition was presented to the

General Court of Massachusetts, which was read, and referred to the

next session:--

PETITION OF SLAVES IN BOSTON.

PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY.

_To His Excellency, Thomas Hutchinson, Esq., Governor_--

"To the Honorable, His Majesty's Council, and to the

Honorable House of Representatives, in general court

assembled at Boston, the 6th day of January, 1773:--The

humble petition of many slaves living in the town of Boston,

and other towns in the province, is this, namely:--

That Your Excellency and Honors, and the Honorable the

Representatives, would be pleased to take their unhappy

state and condition under your wise and just consideration.

We desire to bless God, who loves mankind, who sent his Son

to die for their salvation, and who is no respecter of

persons, that he hath lately put it into the hearts of

multitudes, on both sides of the water, to bear our

burthens, some of whom are men of great note and influence,

who have pleaded our cause with arguments, which we hope

will have their weight with this Honorable Court.

We presume not to dictate to Your Excellency and Honors,

being willing to rest our cause on your humanity and

justice, yet would beg leave to say a word or two on the

subject.

Although some of the negroes are vicious, (who, doubtless,

may be punished and restrained by the same laws which are in

force against others of the King's subjects,) there are many

others of a quite different character, and who, if made

free, would soon be able, as well as willing, to bear a part

in the public charges. Many of them, of good natural parts,

are discreet, sober, honest and industrious; and may it not

be said of many, that they are virtuous and religious,

although their condition is in itself so unfriendly to

religion, and every moral virtue, except _patience_? How

many of that number have there been and now are, in this

province, who had every day of their lives embittered with

this most intolerable reflection, that, let their behavior

be what it will, neither they nor their children, to all

generations, shall ever be able to do or to possess and

enjoy any thing--no, not even _life itself_--but in a manner

as the _beasts_ that perish!

We have no property! we have no wives! we have no children!

we have no city! no country! But we have a Father in heaven,

and we are determined, as far as his grace shall enable us,

and as far as our degraded condition and contemptuous life

will admit, to keep all his commandments; especially will we

be obedient to our masters, so long as God, in his,

sovereign providence, shall _suffer_ us to be holden in

bondage.

It would be impudent, if not presumptuous, in us to suggest

to Your Excellency and Honors, any law or laws proper to be

made in relation to our unhappy state, which although our

greatest unhappiness, is not our _fault_; and this gives us

great encouragement to pray and hope for such relief as is

consistent with your wisdom, justice and goodness.

We think ourselves very happy, that we may thus address the

great and general court of this province, which great and

good court is to us the best judge, under God, of what is

wise, just and good.

We humbly beg leave to add but this one thing more we pray

for such relief only, which by no possibility can ever be

productive of the least wrong or injury to our masters, but

to us will be as life from the dead.[651]

FOOTNOTES:

[650] Slavery in Mass., pp 96, 97.

[651] Neil, pp. 39-41.

* * * * *

CHAPTER XIII.

THE COLONY OF NEW YORK.

1693, August 21st--All Indians, Negroes, and others not "listed in the

militia," are ordered to work on the fortification for repairing the

same, to be under the command of the captains of the wards they

inhabit. And £100 to be raised for the fortifications.

1722, February 20th.--A law passed by the common council of New York,

"restraining slaves, negroes, and Indians from gaming with moneys." If

found gaming with any sort of money, "copper pennies, copper

halfpence, or copper farthings," they shall be publickly whipped at

the publick whipping-post of this city, at the discretion of the

mayor, recorder, and aldermen, or any one of them, unless the owner

pay to the church wardens for the poor, 3s.

1731, November 18th--If more than three negro, mulatto, or Indian

slaves assemble on Sunday and play or make noise, (or at any other

time at any place from their master's service,) they are to be

publickly whipped fifteen lashes at the publick whipping-post.

* * * * *

NEW YORK.

Negro slavery, a favorite measure with England, was rapidly extending

its baneful influence in the colonies. The American Register, of 1769,

gives the number of negroes brought in slavery from the coast of

Africa, between Cape Blanco and the river Congo, by different nations

in one year, thus: Great Britain, 53,100; British Americans, 6,300;

France, 23,520; Holland, 11,300; Portugal, 1,700; Denmark, 1,200;

in all, 104,100, bought by barter for European and Indian

manufacturers,--£15 sterling being the average price given for each

negro. Thus we see that more than one half of the wretches who were

kidnapped, or torn by force from their homes by the agents of European

merchants (for such those who supply the market must be considered),

were sacrificed to the cupidity of the merchants of Great Britain; the

traffic encouraged by the government at the same time that the boast

is sounded through the world, that the moment a slave touches the

sacred soil, governed by those who encourage the slavemakers, and

inhabited by those who revel in the profits derived from murder, he is

free. Somerset, the negro, is liberated by the court of king's bench,

in 1772, and the world is filled with the fame of English justice and

humanity! James Grahame tells us that Somerset's case was not the

first in which the judges of Great Britain counteracted in one or two

cases the practical inhumanity of the government and the people: he

says, that in 1762, his grandfather, Thomas Grahame, judge of the

admiralty court of Glasgow, liberated a negro slave imported into

Scotland.

It was in vain that the colonists of America protested against the

practice of slave dealing. The governors appointed by England were

instructed to encourage it, and when the assemblies enacted laws to

prohibit the inhuman traffic, they were annulled by the vetoes of the

governors. With such encouragement, the reckless and avaricious among

the colonists engaged in the trade, and the slaves were purchased when

brought to the colonies by those who were blind to the evil, or

preferred present ease or profit to all future good. Paley, the

moralist, thought the American Revolution was designed by Providence,

to put an end to the slave trade, and to show that a nation

encouraging it was not fit to be intrusted with the government of

extensive colonies. But the planter of the Southern States have

discovered, since made free by that revolution, that slavery is no

evil; and better moralists than Paley, that the increase of slaves,

and their extension over new regions, is the duty of every good

democrat. The men who lived in 1773, to whom America owes her liberty,

did not think so.

Although resistance to the English policy of increasing the number of

negro slaves in America agitated many minds in the colonies,

opposition to the system of taxation was the principal source of

action; and this opposition now centered in a determination to baffle

the designs of Great Britain in respect to the duties on tea.

Seventeen millions of pounds of tea were now accumulated in the

warehouses of the East-India Company. The government was determined,

for reasons I have before given, to assist this mercantile company, as

well as the African merchants, at the expense of the colonists of

America. The East-India Company were now authorized to export their

tea free of all duty. Thus the venders being enabled to offer it

cheaper than hitherto to the colonists, it was expected that it would

find a welcome market. But the Americans saw the ultimate intent of

the whole scheme, and their disgust towards the mother country was

proportionably increased.

INDEX.

Abbott, Granville S., verses by, 111.

Adams, Abigail, views on slavery, 227.

Adams, John, views on slavery, 203;

letter to Jonathan Sewall on emancipation, 207.

Adams, Samuel, urges the consideration of the memorial of

Massachusetts Negroes, 234.

Adgai, see Crowther.

Africa, described, 14;

Negro tribes, 24, 25;

Negro kingdoms, 26, 28, 31;

natives engage in the slave-trade, 27;

laws, 30, 56, 57;

religion, 30, 81-84, 89, 90;

war between the different tribes, 35-39;

war with England, 41-43;

patriarchal government, 50, 54, 55;

villages described, 51, 52;

architecture, 51-53;

women reign in, 55, 56;

marriage, 57, 58;

polygamy, 58;

status of the natives, 58, 59;

warfare, 61, 62;

agriculture, 62, 63;

mechanic arts, 63-65;

languages, 66-70, 90, 459;

literature, 75-80;

colony founded at Sierra Leone, 86, 87;

and Liberia, 95, 97;

first emigrants to, 97;

republican government established, 100;

first constitution abolishing slavery in Liberia, 103-105;

weaker tribes chief source of slavery, 109, 120;

early Christianity in, 111;

earliest commerce for slaves between America and, 115;

slaves from Angola, 134;

shipload of slaves from Sierra Leone sold at Hispaniola, 138;

number of Negroes stolen from annually, 237;

slaves from, sold at Barbadoes, 259;

cities of, described, 450;

number of slaves brought from, 463.

See Negroes.

African Company, their charter abolished, 41:

see Royal African Company.

Akwasi Osai, king of Ashantee, invades Dahomey, 35;

his defeat and death, 36.

Alexander, James, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York,

151, 158, 166.

Alricks, Peter, resident of New York 1657, 250.

Amasis, king of Egypt, 457.

Amenophis, king of Egypt, 458.

America, introduction of Negro slaves, 116;

colonies declare independence, 412;

slavery in, 461;

slaves imported to British America, 463.

American Colonization Society locate a colony at Monrovia, 97.

American Revolution, service of Negroes in the army of the, 324, 334,

337, 342, 353, 362;

slavery during the, 402.

Ames, Edward B., remarks in favor of the government of Liberia, 99.

Angola, Africa, slaves imported from, 134.

Anne, queen of England, encourages the slave-trade, 140.

Anti-slavery societies, memorials to Congress, 437;

convention held at Philadelphia, 438.

Apoko, Osai, king of Ashantee, 36.

Appleton, Nathaniel, defends the doctrine of freedom for all, 204;

author of "Consideration on Slavery," 218.

Apries, king of Egypt, 456.

Argall, Samuel, engaged in the slave-trade, 116, 117.

Ashantee Empire, described, 34;

wars of, 35, 37-39;

revolt in, 36;

troubles with England, 41, 42;

massacre of women, 42;

government, 44.

Asia, idols with Negro features in, 17;

traces of the race, 18.

Asychis, king of Egypt, 458.

Attucks, Crispus, advertised as a runaway slave, 330;

figures in the Boston Massacre, 330;

his death and funeral, 331;

letter to Gov. Hutchinson, 332.

Aviia, tribe in Africa, 51.

Aviro, Alfonso de, discovers Benin in Africa, 26.

Babel, the tower of, built by an Ethiopian, 453.

Babylon, description of, 454.

Bancroft, George, views on slavery, 206.

Banneker, Benjamin, astronomer and philosopher, 386;

farmer and inventor, 387;

mathematician, 388;

his first calculation of an eclipse, 389;

letter to George Ellicott, 389;

character of, 390;

his business transactions, 391;

verses addressed to, 392;

letter to Mrs. Mason, 392;

his first almanac, 393;

letter to Thomas Jefferson, 394;

accompanies commissioners to run the lines of District of Columbia,

397;

his habits of studying the heavenly bodies, 397;

his death, 398.

Baptist missionaries in Liberia, 101.

Barbadoes, Negro slaves exchanged for Indians, 174;

a slave-market for New-England traders, 181;

Rhode Island supplied with slaves from, 269.

Barrère, Peter, treatise on the color of the skin, 19.

Barton, Col. William, captures Gen. Prescott, 366.

Bates, John, a slave-trader, 269.

Belknap, Jeremy, remarks on the slave-trials in Massachusetts, 232.

Benin, a kingdom in Africa, supplies America with slaves, 26;

discovered by the Portuguese and colonized, 26;

the king contracts to Christianize his subjects for a white wife,

27;

the kingdom divided, and slave-trade suppressed, 28.

Berkeley, Sir William, opposed to education and printing, 132.

Bermuda Islands, slaves placed on Warwick's plantation, 118, 119;

Pequod Indians exchanged for Negroes at, 173.

Bernard, John, governor of the Bermudas, 118.

Beverley, Robert, correction of his History of Virginia, 116.

Bill, Jacob, a slave-trader, 269.

Billing, Joseph, sued by his slave Amos Newport, 229.

Blumenbach, Jean Frederic, opinion in regard to the color of the

skin, 19.

Blyden, Edward W., defines the term "Negro," 12;

president of Liberia College, 102.

Board of Trade, circular to the governors of the English colonies,

relative to Negro slaves, 267;

reply of Gov. Cranston of Rhode Island, 269.

Bolzius, Henry, favors the introduction of slavery into Georgia, 321.

Boombo, a Negro chief of Liberia, 106.

Borden, Cuff, a Negro slave in Massachusetts, sued for trespass and

ordered to be sold to satisfy judgment, 278.

Boston, a slave-trader from, 181;

Negro prohibited from employment in manufacturing hoops, 196;

number of slaves in, 205;

instructs the representatives to vote against the slave-trade, 221;

Negroes charged with firing the town, 226;

articles for the regulation of Negroes passed, 226;

massacre in, 1770, 330;

Negroes on Castle Island, 376, 378.

Bowditch, Thomas Edward, commissioner to treat with the Ashantees,

39.

Bradley, Richard, attorney-general of New York, prosecutes the

Negroes, 166.

Bradstreet, Ann, frees her slave, 207.

Brazil, slaves sold to the Dutch, 136.

Brewster, Capt. Edward, banished by Capt. Argall, 117.

Brewster, Thomas, a slave-trader, 269.

Bristol County, Mass., a slave ordered to be sold, to satisfy

judgment against him for trespass, 278.

British army, Negroes in the, 87.

Brown, John, reproved by Virginia committee of 1775 for purchasing

slaves, 328.

Brown, Joseph, effect of climate on man, 46.

Bruce, James, discovers the ruins of the city of Meroe, 6.

Bunker Hill, Negroes in the battle of, 363.

Burgess, Ebenezer, missionary to Monrovia, 97.

Burton, Mary, testifies in the Negro plot at New York, 1741, 147,

148, 150, 158, 160, 162-164, 167, 168;

recompensed by the government, 170.

Busiris, king of Egypt, 458.

Butler, Nathaniel, commissioner for Virginia Company, 118.

Cade, Elizabeth, a witness in the Somersett case, 205.

Calanee, image of Buddha at, 17.

Caldwell, Jonas, killed at the Boston Massacre, 331.

Campbell, Sir Neill, determines the war with Ashantees, 43.

Canaan, the curse of, 444.

Canada, expedition from New York against, 143.

Candace, queen of the Ethiopians, 6.

Carey, Lot, vice-agent of Liberia, 101.

Carey, Peggy, implicated with Negro plot in New York, 1741, 147;

trial, 152;

found guilty, 152;

her evidence, 153;

sentenced to be hanged, 158.

Carr, Patrick, wounded at the Boston Massacre, 331.

Cartel, Edwin, a slave-trader, 269.

Carthage, description of, 452.

Castle Island, Boston, Negroes sent to the barracks at, 376;

list of the same, 378.

Cepharenus, king of Egypt, 458,

Ceylon, image of Buddha at, 17.

Chaillu, Paul B. Du, description of the Obongos, 46;

of the villages of Mandji and Ishogo, 51, 52.

Chambers, John, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, 151,

158, 166.

Charles V., grants a patent to import Negroes to America, 115.

Charleston, S.C., slave-market at, 299,

Negroes from, recaptured, 376;

list of, 378;

claimed by owners, 379.

Charlestown, Mass., Negro slaves executed at, in 1755, 226.

Chastellux, Marquis de, describes the bravery of Col. Greene's Negro

regiment at the battle of Rhode Island, 368.

Cheops, king of Egypt, 458.

Chibbu, Kudjoh, captured by the English, 42.

Chisholm, Major J, services in Ashantee mentioned, 41, 42.

Christy, David, describes the colony of Liberia, 107.

Cintra, Piedro de, discoverer of Sierra Leone, 85.

Clinton, Sir Henry, proclamation concerning fugitive Negroes, 1779,

357.

Codman, John, poisoned by his slave, 226.

Coleman, Elihu, author of "Testimony against making Slaves of Men,"

318.

Coney Island, N.Y., slave captured at, 343.

Congo Empire, Shinga queen of, 55.

Congress, see United-States Congress.

Connecticut, slavery in, 252-261;

Negro slaves introduced, 252;

number of Negroes in 1680, 253;

purchase and treatment of slaves and free persons, 253;

persons manumitting slaves, to maintain them, 254;

commerce with slaves prohibited, 255;

punishment of insubordinate slaves, 256;

social conduct regulated, 257;

punished for using profane language, 258;

number of slaves in 1730, 259;

Indian slaves prohibited, 250;

Indian and Negro slavery legalized, 259;

limited rights of free Negroes, 259;

Negro population in 1762, 260;

importation of slaves prohibited, 261;

number of slaves in 1715, 325;

enlistment of Negroes prohibited, 343;

enlisted, 345;

a Colored company recruited by David Humphreys, 361;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Continental army, condition of the, 334;

Negroes in the, 337;

Negro regiment raised for the, 342;

number of men supplied to the, 353;

return of Negroes in 1778, 362.

Continental Congress, prohibits the importation of Negroes, 325;

debate on the discharge of Negroes from the army, 335;

action on the enlistment of Negroes, 355;

resolution to establish courts to decide cases of captured slaves,

370;

action of the, relative to Negroes captured at sea, 373;

discussion on the, Western territory, 415, 416;

last meeting, 416.

Cooke, Nicholas, governor of Rhode Island, letters to Washington on

the enlistment of Negroes, 346, 349.

Cornwallis, Lord, proclamation offering protection to fugitive

Negroes, 358.

Cox, Melville B., missionary to Monrovia, 98.

Cranston, Samuel, letter to the board of trade, relative to Negro

slaves in Rhode Island, 269.

Croker, John, testimony in the Negro plot at New York, 168.

Crowther, Negro sold into slavery, 32;

set at liberty by the English, 33;

fitted for the ministry, returns to Africa as a missionary, 33.

Cuffe, John, sketch of, 202.

Cuffe, Paul, a distinguished Negro, 202.

Cush, ancestor of the Negro race, 10;

meaning of the term, 13.

Cushing, Nathan, his opinion, 1783, relative to the South-Carolina

Negroes, 381.

Cuvier, Baron, varieties of the human form, 3.

Cyrene, Africa, mentioned, 5;

described, 452.

Dahomey, a Negro kingdom of Africa, described, 28;

women serve in the army, 29;

laws, 30;

invaded by King Akwasi, 35.

Dalton, Richard, his slave reads Greek, 202.

Davis, Hugh, a white servant, flogged in Virginia, for consorting

with a Negro woman, 121.

Deane, Thomas, mentioned, 196.

Delaware, slavery in, 249-251;

settled by Danes and Swedes, 249;

slavery not allowed by the Swedes, 249;

conveyed to William Penn, 249;

granted a separate government, 249;

slavery introduced, 249;

first legislation on slavery, 250;

law for the regulation of servants, 250;

act restraining manumission of slaves, 250;

number of slaves in 1715, 325;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Denmark, engaged in the slave-trade, 463.

Denny, Thomas, representative of Leicester, Mass., instructed to vote

against slavery, 225.

Derham, James, a Negro physician of New Orleans, 400.

Desbrosses, Elias, testimony in the Negro plot in New York, 1741, 165.

"Desire," ship built for the slave-trade, 174.

Dodge, Caleb, of Beverly, Mass., sued by his slave, 231.

Dorsey, Charles W., character of Banneker, the Negro astronomer, 390.

Duchet, Sir Lionel, engaged in the slave-trade, 138.

Dummer, William, proclamation against Negroes of Boston, 226.

Dunmore, Lord, proclamation in regard to fugitive Negroes, 336;

condemned by the Virginia convention, 341;

his failure to enlist Negroes, 342.

Dupuis, M., appointed English consul to the court of Ashantee, 40.

Dutch man-of-war lands the first Negroes in Virginia, 118;

engage in the slave-trade, 124;

import slaves to New Netherlands, 135;

encourage the trade, 136;

settlement on the Delaware, 312.

Earl, John, his connection with the Negro plot at New York, 163.

East Greenwich, R.I., bridge built at, by Negro impost-tax, 275.

Egmont, Earl of, opposed to slavery in Georgia, 319.

Egypt, first settlers of, 6, 10;

Negro and Mulatto races in, 14;

slavery in, 17;

Negro civilization imitated by, 22;

the Ethiopian kings of, 454.

Elizabeth, Queen, of England, encourages the slave-trade, 138.

Elizabeth, N.J., police regulations, 286.

England, suppresses the slave-trade, 28, 31;

sends agricultural implements, machinery, and missionaries to

Africa, 32;

conduct in the Ashantee war, 38, 41, 42;

treaty with Ashantee, 42;

founds a colony in Sierra Leone, 86;

all slaves declared free on reaching British soil, 86;

declares slave-trade piracy, 87;

establishes a mission at Sierra Leone, 89;

women sent to Virginia, 119;

laws relating to slavery, 125;

sanctions the slave-trade, 138-140, 463;

courts decide in 1677 that a Negro slave is property, 190;

slavery recognized in, 203;

agrees to furnish Negroes to the West Indies, 236;

treaty with United States, 382.

Enoch, description of the city of, 453.

Ethiopia, war with Cæsar, 6;

natives same race as Egyptians, 6;

meaning of, 13;

cities of, described, 453;

kings rule Egypt, 454.

Fairfax, Va., meeting at, in 1774, pass resolutions against slavery,

327.

"Fanny," brig, arrives at Norfolk, Va., with slaves, 328.

Federal Constitution, proceedings of convention to frame the, 417.

Ferguson, Dr., describes character of the inhabitants of Sierra Leone,

90-93.

Folger, Elisha, captain of ship "Friendship," sued for recovery of a

slave, 231.

Forbes, Archibald, mentions Africans nine feet in height, 59.

Fox, George, views concerning slaves, 313.

France engaged in the slave-trade, 463.

Franklin, Benjamin, letter to Dean Woodward on the abolition of

slavery, 327;

address to the public on the abolition of slavery, 431.

Friends, see Quakers.

Fuller, Thomas, a Negro mathematician, 399.

Gage, Thomas, refuses to sign the bill to prevent the importation of

Negroes into Massachusetts, 235, 237.

Gates, Gen. Horatio, his order not to enlist Negroes, 334.

George III. in 1751 repeals the act declaring slaves real estate, 125.

Georgia, slavery in, 316-323;

colony of, established, 316;

slavery prohibited in, 316, 317;

discussion in regard to the admission of slavery, 318-322;

clandestine importation of Negroes, 320;

slavery established, 322;

history of slavery, 322;

number of slaves in 1715, 325;

importation of slaves prohibited, 440;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Germantown, Penn., memorial of Quakers against slavery in 1688, 313.

Glasgow, Scotland, a slave liberated in 1762, 463.

Goddard, Benjamin, protests against enlisting Negroes in Grafton,

Mass., 352.

Godfrey family of South Carolina, killed by a Negro mob, 299.

Gordon, William, letter on the emancipation of slaves, 402;

deposed as chaplain of the legislature of Massachusetts, 409.

Grafton, Mass., protest in 1778 against the enlistment of Negroes,

352.

Grahame, Judge Thomas, liberates Negro slave in Glasgow, Scotland,

463.

Gray, Samuel, killed at the Boston Massacre, 331.

Greece, Negro civilization imitated by, 22.

Greene, Col. Christopher, commands a Negro regiment in 1778 at battle

of Rhode Island, 368;

his death, 369.

Greene, Gen. Nathanael, letters to Washington on the raising of a

Negro regiment, 342;

on the enlistment of Negroes, the British army, 359;

at battle of Rhode Island, 368.

Greenleaf, Richard, sued by his slave, 204, 231.

Guerard, Benjamin, governor of South Carolina, letter to Gov. Hancock

relative to slaves recaptured from the British, 380.

Guyot, Arnold H., opinion on the diversity of the human race, 20.

Habersham, James, favors slavery in Georgia, 318, 321.

Ham, the progenitor of the Negro race, 8;

family of, 9, 11;

founder of the Babylonian empire, 9.

Hamilton, Alexander, letter to John Jay on the enlistment of Negroes,

354;

opinion in regard to slaves captured by the British, 381.

Hamilton, Dr., his connection with the Negro plot at New York, 160.

Hancock, John, letter on the condition of the South-Carolina Negroes

recaptured from the British, 378.

"Hannibal," sloop, Negroes captured from, 372.

Harcourt, Col. William, captures Gen. Charles Lee, 366.

Harper, ----, one of the founders of the colony at Cape Palmas,

Liberia, 95.

Harris, Rev. Samuel, describes bravery of Negro regiment at battle

of Rhode Island, 369.

Hawkins, Sir John, a slave-trader, 138.

"Hazard," armed vessel, recaptures Negroes, 376.

Hendrick, Cæsar, a slave, sues for his freedom, 204, 231.

Hessian officer, letter on the employment of Negroes in the army, 343.

Hillgroue, Nicholas, engaged in the slave-trade, 269.

Hispaniola, slaves from Sierra Leone sold at, 138.

Hobby, Mr., Negro in the army claimed by, 384.

Hogg, Robert, a merchant of New York, robbed by Negroes, 145.

Holbrook, Felix, petition of, for freedom, 133.

Holland, growth of slavery in New Netherlands, 134;

children of manumitted Negroes held as slaves to serve the

government of, 135;

slaves exchanged for tobacco, 136;

engaged in the slave-trade, 463.

Holt, Lord, his opinion that slavery was unknown to English law, 203.

Hopkins, John H., views of slavery, 7, 8.

Hopkins, Samuel, necessity of employing the Negroes in the American

army, 338.

Horsmanden, Daniel, one of the judges in the trial of the Negro plot

at New York, 1741, 148.

Hotham, Sir Charles, testimony in regard to the abolishment of slavery

in Liberia, 105, 106.

Hughson, John, his tavern at New York a resort for Negroes, 147;

his connection with the Negro plot, 147;

trial, 152, 157;

sentenced to be hanged, 158;

executed, 161.

Hughson, Sarah, her connection with the New York Negro plot, 152;

trial, 157;

respited, 164;

testimony, 165, 166, 168.

Human race, the unity of, 443.

Humphreys, David, recruits a company of colored infantry in

Connecticut, 361.

Hutchinson, a commissioner to treat with king of Ashantee, 39.

Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, refuses to sign bill to prevent the

importation of slaves from Africa, 223.

Indians, taxable, 122, 123;

not treated as slaves, 123;

declared slaves, 124, 125;

denied the right to appear as witnesses, 129;

act to baptize, 141;

proclamation against the harboring, 141;

alarmed on seeing a Negro, 173;

exchanged for Negroes, 173;

sent to Bermudas, 173;

held in perpetual bondage, 178;

marriage with Negroes, 180;

introduction of, as slaves, prohibited in Massachusetts, 186;

importation of, prohibited, 259, 311, 314;

slavery of, legalized, 259.

Ishogo villages in Africa described, 52.

Jacksonburgh, S.C., Negro insurrection at, 299.

Jamaica, slaves from, sold in Virginia, 328.

James, Gov., commissioner to treat with king of Ashantee, 39.

James City, Va., buildings destroyed, 126.

Jameson, David, volunteers to prosecute the negroes in New York, 151.

Japan, negro idols in, 17.

Jefferson, Thomas, author of instructions to the Virginia delegation

in Congress, 1774, on the abolition of slavery, 328;

letters to Dr. Gordon relative to the treatment of Negroes in

Cornwallis's army, 358;

to Benjamin Banneker, 396;

his recommendation in regard to slavery in the Western Territory,

416.

Jeffries, John P., declares there are no reliable data of the Negro

race, 15.

Johnson, David, accused of conspiracy in New York, 163.

Jones, William, his genealogy of Noah, 11.

Joseph, the selling of, a memorial by Samuel Sewall, 210;

answered by John Saffin, 214.

Josselyn, John, describes attempt to breed slaves in Massachusetts,

174.

Kane, William, accused of conspiracy in New York, 162;

testimony of, in the Negro plot, 162-164, 168.

Kench, Thomas, letters to the General Assembly of Massachusetts on

the enlistment of Negroes, 350, 351.

Kendall, Capt. Miles, deputy governor of Virginia, receives Negro

slaves in exchange for supplies, 118;

dispossessed of the same, returns to England to seek equity, 118;

portion of the Negroes allotted to him, 118;

none of which he receives, 119.

Kentucky, admitted into the Union, 437;

constitution revised, 441.

Keyser, Elizur, emancipates his slave, 207.

Knowls, John, confines James Sommersett on board his ship "Mary and

Ann," 205.

Knox, Thomas, South Carolina, recaptured slaves delivered to, 377.

Kudjoh Osai, king of Ashantee, 36.

Kwamina Osai, succeeds his father Kudjoh as king of Ashantee, 36.

"Lady Gage," a prize-ship with Negroes, 376.

Laing, Capt., his services in Ashantee, 42.

Latrobe, J.H.B., one of the founders of the colony at Cape Palmas,

Liberia, 95.

Laurens, Henry, letter to Washington on arming of the Negroes of

South Carolina, 353.

Laurens, John, endeavors to raise Negro troops in South Carolina, 356;

sails for France, 359;

letters to Washington on his return, urging the enlistment of

Negroes, 360.

Lawrence, Major Samuel, commands a company of Negro soldiers, 366.

Lechmere, Richard, sued by his slave, 230.

Lee, Gen. Charles, captured by the British, 366.

Leicester, Mass., representative of, instructed to vote against

slavery, 225.

Liberia, founded by Colored people from Maryland, 95;

population, 95, 97, 102;

refuge for Colored people, 96;

native tribes, 97, 98;

Christian mission founded, 98;

government, 99;

a republic, 100;

school and college established, 100;

churches, 101;

trade, 103;

first constitution, 103;

slavery and slave-trade abolished, 104;

treaty with England in regard to slavery, 104;

testimony of officers of the Royal Navy in regard to the

slave-trade at, 105;

revolt in, subdued, 106, 107.

Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, letter to Gov. Rutledge of South Carolina,

on the enlistment of Negroes, 359.

Livingstone, David, describes African wars, 50, 51;

status of the Africans, 58, 59;

skilful in the mechanic arts, 63, 64.

Locke, John, constitution prepared by, adopted in North Carolina, 302;

local governments of the South organised on his plan, 414.

Lodge, Abraham, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, 151.

Lodge, Sir Thomas, a slave-trader, 138.

Lowell, John, sues for the freedom of a slave in Newburyport, Mass.,

231.

Lybia, Africa, description of, 452.

MacBrair, R.M., author of a Mandingo grammar, 70.

McCarthy, Charles, appointed governor-general of Western Africa, 41;

war with the Ashantees, 41;

his defeat and death, 42.

Madison, James, letter to Joseph Jones, on the arming of the Negroes,

359.

Mahoney, Lieut., his description of a Negro idol at Calanee, 17.

Mandji, a village in Africa described, 51.

Mankind, unity of, 1, 7, 108, 443;

varieties of, 3.

Mansfield, Lord, decision in the case of the Negro Sommersett, 85,

205.

Marlow, John, affidavit in the Sommersett case, 206.

Maryland, appropriates money for the colony at Cape Palmas, 96;

slaves purchased to evade tax, 128;

slavery in, 238-248;

under the laws of Virginia, 238;

first legislation on slavery, 238;

population of, 238;

slavery established by statute, 240;

Act passed encouraging the importation of Negroes and slaves, 241;

impost on Negroes, slaves, and white persons imported into, 241;

duties on rum and wine, 243;

treatment of slaves and papists, 243;

convicts imported into, 243;

convict trade condemned, 244;

defended, 244;

slave-code, 246;

rights of slaves, 246;

law against manumission of slaves, 246;

Negro population, 246, 247;

white population, 247;

increase of slavery, 247;

number of slaves in 1715, 325;

Negroes enlist in the army, 352;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Maryland Colonization Society, found colony of Negroes at Cape Palmas,

Liberia, 95.

Mason, George, author of the Virginia resolutions of 1774 against

slavery, 327.

Mason, Susanna, addresses a poetical letter to Benjamin Banneker, 392.

Massachusetts, slavery in, 172-237;

earliest mention of the Negro in, 173;

Moore's history of slavery in, 173;

Pequod War the cause of slavery, 173;

slaves imported to, 174;

ship "Desire" arrives with slaves, 174, 176;

slavery established, 175;

first statute establishing slavery, 177;

made hereditary, 179;

kidnapped Negroes, 180, 182;

number of slaves, 183, 184;

tax on slaves, 185;

Negro population, 185;

introduction of Indian slaves prohibited, 186;

Negroes rated with cattle, 187, 188, 196;

denied baptism, 189;

Act in relation to marriage of Negro slaves, 191, 192;

slave-marriage ceremony, 192;

condition of free Negro, 194, 196;

Act to abolish slavery, 204;

slave awarded a verdict against his master, 204;

emancipation of slaves, 205;

legislation favoring the importation of white servants, and

prohibiting the clandestine bringing-in of Negroes, 208;

importation of Negroes not as profitable as white servants, 208,

209;

prohibitory legislation against slavery, 220;

proclamation against Negroes, 226;

slaves executed, 226;

transported and exchanged for small Negroes, 226;

slaves sue for freedom, 228-232;

Negroes petition for freedom, 233;

bill passed for the suppression of the slave-trade, 234, 235;

vetoed by Gov. Gage, 235;

number of slaves in, 325;

emancipation of slaves, 329;

enlistment of Negroes and emancipation of slaves prohibited, 329;

enlistment of Negroes opposed, 334, 351;

mode of enlisting Negroes, 352;

Negroes serve with white troops, 352;

number of men furnished to the army, 353;

act relative to captured Negroes, 370;

sale of captured Negroes prohibited, 371;

armed vessels from, recapture Negroes, 376;

act relative to prisoners of war, 379;

slaves petition for freedom, 404;

act against slavery, 405;

extinction of slavery, 429;

lawsuits brought by slaves, 430;

condition of slaves, 461.

Maverick, Samuel, attempts to breed slaves in Massachusetts, 174.

Maverick, Samuel, mortally wounded at the Boston Massacre, 331.

Mede, Joseph, his statement in regard to Ham corrected, 10.

Medford, Mass., representative of, instructed to vote against

slavery, 225.

Melville, John, his sermon on Simon mentioned, 6.

Menes, first king of Egypt, 454.

Meroe, Egypt, capital of African Ethiopia and chief city of the

Negroes, 6.

Methodist Episcopal Church, establishes a mission in Liberia, 98, 100.

Methodist Missionary Society appropriate money for the mission at

Monrovia, 98.

Mifflin, Warner, presents a memorial to Congress in 1792 for the

abolition of slavery, 437.

Mills, James, missionary to Monrovia, 97;

death, 97.

Missah Kwanta, son of the king of Ashantee, sent to England as a

hostage, 43.

Mississippi, slavery in Territory of, prohibited, 1797, 440.

Monroe, James, town of Monrovia named in honor of, 97.

Monrovia, Africa, founded, 97;

population, 97;

Christian mission established, 98, 99.

Moore, George H., his history of slavery in Massachusetts commended,

173;

mentioned, 180, 183;

remarks on the bill to prohibit the importation of slaves from

Africa, 224.

Morton, Samuel G., the sphinx a shrine of the Negro, 17.

Murphy, Edward, accused of conspiracy in New York, 163.

Murray, Joseph, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, 151,

158, 166.

Mycerinus, king of Egypt, 458.

"Nautilus," ship arrives at Sierra Leone with colony of Negroes, 86.

Nechao, king of Egypt, 455.

Negro plot in New York City, 1741, 143-170.

Negroes, members of the human family, 1, 5;

descendants of Ham, 3, 8;

represented in pictures of the crucifixion of Christ, 5;

an Ethiopian eunuch becomes a Christian, 6;

same race as Egyptian, 6;

Cush an ancestor, 10;

use of the term "Negro," 12, 13;

antiquity of the race, 14-19;

early military service, 15;

figured in a Theban tomb, 15, 16;

political and social condition, 16;

the Sphinx a shrine of, 17;

idols, 17, 18;

origin of color and hair, 19-21;

primitive civilization, 22;

decline, 24;

kingdoms, 26, 28, 31;

engage in the slave trade, 27;

women in the army, 29;

laws, religion, 30;

different tribes at war, 30-40;

war with England, 41-43;

the Negro type, 45-48;

physical and mental character affected by climate, 46, 47, 385,

448;

longevity, 46;

slaves the lower class, 47;

habits, 48;

susceptible to Christianity, 48;

idiosyncrasies of the, 50;

patriarchal government, 50, 54;

villages, 51, 52;

pursuits 51;

architecture, 51, 53;

women as rulers, 55, 56;

priests, 55;

laws, 56, 57;

marriage, 57, 58;

status, 58, 59;

nine feet in height, 59;

beauty of the, 60, 61;

warfare, 61, 62;

agriculture, 62, 63;

mechanic arts, 63-65;

languages, 66-70, 90;

literature, 75-80;

religion, 81-84, 89, 90;

free, leave for England, 86;

colony of, at Sierra Leone, 86;

serve in the British army, 87;

their condition in America, 96;

found colony at Liberia, 95;

first importance of, 109;

military abilities, 110;

early Christianity, 111;

earliest importation to America, 115;

in Virginia, 116, 118;

number of, in Virginia, 119, 120;

prohibition against, 121;

tax on female, 122, 123;

law of Virginia declares them slaves, 123, 124;

repeal of the Act declaring them real estate, 125;

duty on slaves in Virginia, 126-128;

traffic encouraged in Virginia, 128;

no political or military rights in Virginia, 128, 129;

denied the right to appear as witnesses, 129;

revolt of free, in Virginia, 130;

pay taxes, 131;

in the military service, 131;

intermarriage of, prohibited, 131;

denied education, 133;

children of manumitted, made slaves, 135, 136;

not allowed to hold real estate in New York, 142;

earliest mention of, in Massachusetts, 173;

held in perpetual bondage, 178;

condition of free, in Massachusetts, 194, 196;

importation of, not so profitable as white servants, 208;

Act encouraging the importation of, into Maryland, 241;

condition of free, in Maryland, 247;

limited lights of free, 259, 308, 315;

prohibited the use of the streets in Rhode Island, 264;

military employment of, 324;

excluded from the Continental Army, 335;

allowed to re-enlist, 337;

in Virginia join the British Army, 339;

cautioned against joining the latter, 340;

serve in the army with white troops in Massachusetts, 352;

efforts to enlist in South Carolina, 351;

company of, enlisted in Connecticut, 361;

return of, in the army, 1778, 362;

as soldiers, 1775-1783, 363;

at the battle of Bunker Hill, 363;

at battle of Rhode Island, 368;

valor of, 369;

sale of two captured, prohibited in Massachusetts, 371;

disposal of recaptured, 374, 376;

education of, prohibited, 385.

Newburyport, Mass, a slave sues for freedom, 231

New England Negroes leave for England, 86;

engaged in the slave trade, 174, 180;

see Massachusetts.

New Hampshire, Massachusetts exercises authority over, 309;

slavery in, 309-311;

Negro slave emancipated, 309;

instruction against importation of slaves, 309;

conduct of servants regulated, 319;

ill treatment of slaves, 311;

importation of Indian servants prohibited, 311;

ill treatment of servants and slaves prohibited, 311;

duration of slaves in, 311;

number of slaves in, 325;

slave population in 1790, 436.

New Jersey, slavery in, 282-288;

Act in regard to slaves, 282;

the colony divided, with separate governments, 283;

entertaining of fugitive servants, or trading with Negroes,

prohibited, 283;

Negroes and other slaves allowed trial by a jury, 283;

publicity in judicial proceedings, 285;

rights of government of surrendered to the queen, 285;

conduct of slaves regulated, 285;

impost tax on imported Negroes, 286, 287;

trials of slaves regulated, 286;

security required

for manumitted slaves, 287;

slaves prohibited from joining the militia, 288;

population, 1738-45, 288;

number of slaves in, 325;

slave population in 1790, 436.

New Netherlands, see New York.

Newport, Amos, a slave, sues for his freedom, 229.

Newport, R.I., Negroes and Indians prohibited the use of the streets,

264;

Negro slaves arrive, 269;

part of them sold, 269;

vessels fitted out for the slave-trade, 269;

streets repaired from the impost-tax on Negroes, 273, 275.

New York, slavery in, 134-171;

slaves imported from Brazil, 146;

laws relative to slavery, 139;

slaves the property of West-India Company, 139;

supply of slaves, 140;

Act for regulating slaves, 140;

Act to baptize slaves, 141;

expedition against Canada, 143;

governor of, claims jurisdiction over Pennsylvania, 312;

number of slaves in, 325;

Act for raising Negro troops, 352;

Negro soldiers promised freedom, 411;

slave population in 1790, 436;

bill for the gradual extinction of slavery, 440;

laws in regard to slaves, 463.

New York City, settled by the Dutch, 134;

growth of slavery under the Holland government, 134;

children of manumitted Negroes made slaves, 135, 136;

slaves imported from Brazil, 136;

captured by the English, 138;

laws on slavery, 139;

identical with Massachusetts, 139;

Gov. Dongan arrives, 139;

General Assembly meet, 139;

proclamation against the harboring of slaves, 141;

slaves forbidden the streets after nightfall, 141;

slave-market erected, 142;

Negro riot, 143;

Negro plot, 144-171;

house of Robert Hogg robbed, 145;

population, 145;

fire at Fort George, 145;

fires in, 146;

crew of Spanish vessel adjudged slaves, 146;

charged with firing houses, 146;

house of John Hughson, resort for Negroes, 147;

act against entertaining slaves, 148;

council meet, request governor to offer reward for incendiaries, 149;

Negroes deny all knowledge of the fires and plot, 149;

Supreme Court convened, 149;

trial of Negroes, 149;

Negroes hanged, 154;

fast observed in, 154;

Negroes arrested, 155;

chained to a stake, and burned, 157;

proclamation granting freedom to conspirators who would confess, 159;

Spanish Negroes sentenced to be hung, 161;

Hughson executed, 161;

Negroes hanged, 161, 169;

thanksgiving, 169;

Rev. John Ury executed, 169;

arrests for conspiracy, 170;

first session of Congress held at, in 1789, 426.

Nicoll, Benjamin, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, 151.

Nineveh, the city of, founded, 9-10.

Noddle's Island, Mass., slaves on, 176.

Non-Importation Act passed by Congress, 325.

Norfolk, Va., arrival of slaves at, 328.

North Carolina, slaves purchased in, to evade the tax, 128;

slavery in, 302-308;

situation of, favorable to the slave-trade, 302;

the Locke Constitution adopted, 302;

William Sayle commissioned governor, 303;

Negro slaves eligible to membership in the church, 304;

Church of England established in, 304;

rights of Negroes controlled by their masters, 304;

act respecting conspiracies, 305;

form of trying Negroes, 307;

ill treatment of Negroes, 307;

emancipation of slaves prohibited, 307;

limited rights of free Negroes, 308;

number of slaves in, 325;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Nott, John C., antiquity of the Negro, 15;

his social condition, 16.

Oates, Titus, his connection with the Popish plot, 144.

Obongos of Africa described, 46.

Ockote, Osai, king of Ashantee, his war with the English, 43.

Oglethorpe, John, first governor of Georgia, opposed to slavery, 316.

Ophir, Africa, description of, 452.

Opoko, Osai, king of Ashantee, 35.

Osymandyas, king of Egypt, 458.

Otis, James, speech in favor of freedom to the Negroes, 203.

Parsons, Theophilus, his opinion on the existence of slavery in

Massachusetts, 179, 180;

decision in the case of Winchendon _vs._ Hatfield, 232.

Pastorius, Francis Daniel, his memorial against slavery, 1688, 313.

Payne, John, missionary bishop of Africa, 100.

Pendleton, Edmund, letter to Richard Lee on the slaves of Virginia

joining the British army, 339.

Penn, William, Delaware conveyed to, 249;

grants the privilege of separate government, 249;

introduces bill for the regulation of servants, 314;

opposed to slavery, 314.

Pennsylvania, slavery in, 312-315;

government organized, 312;

Swedes and Dutch settlement, 312;

governor of New York claims jurisdiction over, 312;

first laws of, 312;

memorial against slavery, 313;

Penn presents bill for the better regulation of servants, 314;

tax on imported slaves, 314;

importation of Negroes and Indians prohibited, 314;

petition for the freedom of slaves denied, 314;

rights of the Negroes, 315;

tax on Negroes and Mulatto slaves, 315;

fears for the conduct of the slaves, 315;

number of slaves in, 325;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Pennsylvania Society for promoting the abolition of slavery,

address of the, 1789, 431.

Pequod Indians captured in war exchanged for Negroes, 173;

as slaves, 177.

Peters, John, married to Phillis Wheatley, 200.

Peters, Phillis, see Wheatley, Phillis.

Pheron, king of Egypt, 458.

Philadelphia, Federal Convention meet at, 417;

Anti-slavery Convention held at, 438;

see Pennsylvania.

Phut, Africa, description of, 452.

Pickering, Timothy, representative of Salem, Mass., instructed to

vote against the importation of slaves, 220.

Pinny, J.B., missionary to Liberia, 100.

Pitcairn, John, killed at Bunker Hill by a Negro soldier, 364.

Plant, Matthias, missionary of the Propagation Society in Mass., 189.

Po, Fernando, locates Portuguese colony in Africa, 26.

Poor, Salem, a Negro soldier, his bravery at Bunker Hill, 365.

Popish plot in England concocted by Titus Gates, 144.

Portugal, engages in the slave-trade, 26, 31, 463;

locates colony at Benin, Africa, 26, 27.

Prescott, Richard, captured by Lieut.-Col. Barton, 366.

Presbyterian Board of Missions establish missions in Liberia, 100.

Price, Arthur, arrested for theft in New York, 152;

testimony in the Negro plot, 152,154.

Prichard, John C., varieties of the human race, 4.

Prince, a Negro, assists in the capture of Gen. Prescott, 367.

Protestant Episcopal Church establishes first mission at Sierra Leone,

89;

in Liberia, 100.

Proteus, king of Egypt, 458.

Psammetichus, king of Egypt, 455.

Psammis, king of Egypt, 456.

Pul, Africa, description of, 452.

Quakers, opposed to slavery, 218;

memorial of, against slavery in Pennsylvania, 313;

the friends of the Negroes, 315;

memorial to Congress relative to slavery, 439.

Rameses, Miamun, king of Egypt, 458.

Raffles, T. Stanford, his researches on the Negro race, 19.

Reade, W. Winwood, describes patriarchal government of Africa, 55;

beauty of the Negro, 60, 61;

people of Sierra Leone, 87.

Revere, Paul, Negroes placed in his charge at Castle Island, Mass.,

377.

Rhampsinitus, king of Egypt, 458.

Rhode Island, slavery in, 262-281;

colonial government, 262;

Act of 1652 to abolish slavery not enforced, 262;

Negroes and Indians prohibited the use of the streets, 264;

impost-tax on slaves, 265;

entertainment of slaves prohibited, 266;

Negro slaves sold in, 269;

supply of Negroes from Barbadoes, 269;

vessels fitted out for the slave-trade, 269;

value of Negro slaves, 269;

list of militia-men, including white and black servants, 270;

clandestine importations and exportations of passengers, Negroes,

or Indian slaves prohibited, 371;

masters of vessels required to report the names and number of

passengers, 272, 274;

penalties for violating the impost-tax law on slaves, 272;

portion of the impost-tax on imported Negroes appropriated to

repair streets of Newport, 273;

disposition of the money raised by impost-tax, 275;

slaves imported into, 276;

impost-tax repealed, 277;

manumission of aged and helpless slaves regulated, 277;

Negro slaves rated as chattel property, 278;

masters of vessels prohibited from carrying slaves out of, 278;

importation of Negroes prohibited, 280;

population from 1730-1774, 281;

number of slaves in, 325;

act emancipating slaves on joining the army, 347;

protest against the enlistment of slaves, 348;

Negro troops engaged in the battle of, 368;

slave population in 1790, 436.

Ricketts, Capt., services in the Ashantee war, 42.

Roberts, J.J., president of Liberia, proclamation regarding

passports, 106.

Rockwell, Charles, describes Liberia, 96.

Roman Catholics denied the right to appear as witnesses in Virginia,

129;

treatment of, in Maryland, 243;

denounced by Oates, 144;

suspected in New York, 160, 162, 164, 167.

Rome, Negro civilization imitated by, 22.

Rommes, John, charged with burglary at New York, 148;

accused of being in the Negro plot, 153.

Royal African Company, charter abolished, 41;

ordered to send supply of slaves to New York, 140;

has sole right to trade on the coast of Africa, 316.

Royall, Jacob, imports Negro slaves into Rhode Island, 276.

Ruffin, Robert, a slave of, declared free for revealing plot of free

Negroes in Virginia, 130.

Rush, Benjamin, his opinion of James Derham the Negro physician, 401.

Ryase, Andrew, accused of conspiracy in New York, 163.

Sabachus, king of Ethiopia, 454.

Saffin, John, reply to Judge Sewall's tract, "The Selling of Joseph,"

214.

St. George's Bay Company organized, 86;

succeeded by the Sierra Leone Company, 86.

Salem, Mass, representative of, instructed to vote against the

importation of slaves, 220, 224;

Negro conspiracy, 227;

slaves sent to, 209, 376;

petition of slaves in, 462;

Negroes captured at sea advertised for sale, 372.

Salem, Peter, a Negro soldier, his bravery at Bunker Hill, 364.

Salisbury, Samuel Webster, author of an address on slavery, 1769,

218.

Saltonstall, Richard, petitions the General Court of Massachusetts

against stealing Negroes for slaves, 181.

Sandwich, Mass, representative of, instructed to vote against

slavery, 225.

Sargent, Nathaniel P., opinion, 1783, relative to South-Carolina

Negroes, 381.

Savage, Samuel P., letter, 1763, in regard to South Carolina Negroes,

377.

Sayle, William, commissioned governor of North Carolina, 302.

Schultz, John, testimony in the Negro plot at New York, 1741, 463.

Scotland, a Negro slave liberated in 1762, 403.

Scott, Bishop, letter on the government of Liberia, 99.

"Seaflower," ship, arrives at Newport, R.I., from Africa, with slaves,

269.

Seba, Africa, description of, 452.

Sesach, king of Egypt, 454.

Sesostris, king of Egypt, 458.

Sethon, king of Egypt, 454.

Sewall, Jonathan, letter to John Adams on the emancipation of slaves,

207.

Sewall, Joseph, sermon on the fires in Boston, 1723, 226.

Sewall, Samuel, protests against rating Negroes with cattle, 187;

his hatred of slavery, 210;

publishes his tract "The Selling of Joseph," 210;

father of the anti-slavery movement in Massachusetts, 217;

letter to Addington Davenport on the murder of Smith's slave, 1719,

461.

Shaftesbury, Earl of, in favor of introducing slavery into Georgia,

322.

Sharp, Granville, one of the founders of Sierra Leone colony, 86.

Sherbro, mission district, Western Africa, described, 460.

Shinga, queen of Congo, 55

Shishak, king of Ethiopia, 454.

Shodeke, king of Yoruba, Africa, 31.

Siam, negro idols in, 17.

Sicana, chief of the Kaffir tribe, a Christian and a poet, 80.

Sierra Leone, sends colony to Yoruba, Africa, 32;

discovered, 85;

Negro colony founded, 86,67;

attacked by French squadron, 87;

England takes possession of, 87;

population, 88, 90;

trade, 88;

Christian missions at, 89,90;

languages of colony, 90;

character of the inhabitants described by Gov. Ferguson, 90-93;

slaves from, sold at Hispaniola, 138.

Sierra Leone Company, organized, 86,

objects of, 87.

Simon, a negro, bears the cross of Jesus, 5.

Slavery, Hopkins's Bible views of, 7, 8;

in Egypt, 17,

in Africa, 25-27,

Lord Manfield's decision in the Sommersett case, 85;

colonization, the solution of, 97;

abolished in Liberia, 104, 105;

weaker tribes of Africa, chief source of, 109;

introduced in Virginia, 115, 116, 118;

made legal in Virginia, 123, 124;

growth of, in Virginia, 133;

growth in New York, 134;

sanctioned by the English, 138;

New York laws, 139;

made legal in New York, 140;

in Massachusetts, 172-237;

established, 175, 179;

first statute establishing, in United States, 177;

sanctioned by the church and courts, 178;

made hereditary in Massachusetts, 179;

growth of, in Massachusetts, 183;

recognized in England, 203;

act to abolish in Massachusetts, 204;

prohibitory legislation against, 220-225;

first legislation in Maryland, 235;

established by statute, 240;

increased in Maryland, 247;

introduced in Delaware, 249;

first legislation on, 250;

Indian and Negro, legalized in Connecticut, 259;

in New Jersey, 282;

established in South Carolina, 289;

perpetual, 290, 291;

in New Hampshire 309;

memorial against, in Pennsylvania, 313;

prohibited in Georgia, 316;

Gov. Oglethorpe's opinion on, 316;

discussion on the admission of, in Georgia, 318-322;

established in Georgia, 322;

Washington prevents resolutions against, 327;

legislation against, demanded, 403;

act against, in Massachusetts, 405;

progress of, during the Revolution, 411;

as a political and legal problem, 412;

recognized under the new government of United States, 414;

attempted legislation against, 415;

advocated by the Southern States, 418;

speeches delivered in the convention at Philadelphia on, 420;

in the Federal Congress, 427;

extinction of, in Massachusetts, 429;

Franklin's address for the abolition of, 431;

memorials to Congress for the abolition of, 432, 437;

bill for the gradual extinction of, in New York, 440;

firmly established, 441.

Slaves, social condition of white and black, 16;

the lower class of negroes, 47;

Lord Mansfield's decision in the Sommersett case, 85, 86;

declared free on reaching British soil, 86;

introduced in America, 115;

first introduced in Virginia, 116, 118;

on Somer Islands, 118;

number of, in Virginia, 119, 120, 132, 133;

prohibition against, 121;

special tax on female, 122, 123;

sold for tobacco, 122;

laws of Virginia in regard to, 123-125;

act repealed declaring them real estate, 125;

duty on, 126, 127;

purchased in Maryland and Carolina to evade the tax, 128;

tax on sales of, in Virginia, 128;

reduced, 128;

repealed, 128;

revived, 128;

traffic in, encouraged in Virginia, 128;

no political or military rights, 128, 129;

laws in Virginia, 129, 130;

value fixed on, when executed, 129;

laws of Virginia in regard to freedom of, 130;

presented to clergymen, 131;

prohibition against instructing, 132;

denied education, 132;

introduced in New York, 134;

West India Company trade in, 135;

manumitted in New York, 135;

children of the latter held as, 135;

imported from Brazil to New York, 136;

exchanged for tobacco, 136;

intermarry in New York, 137;

New York to have constant supply, 140;

Act to regulate, 140, 141;

Act to baptizse, 140;

against the harboring of, 141, 148;

forbidden the streets in New York, 141;

Negro riot, 143;

Negro plot, 144-171;

executed, 154, 161;

burned, 157;

Negroes exchanged for Indians, 173;

Indians sent to Bermudas, 173;

imported from Barbadoes to Massachusetts, 174;

ship "Desire" arrives with, 174, 176;

attempt to breed, in Massachusetts, 174;

sold in Massachusetts, 175;

issue of female, the property of their master, 180;

marriage of, 180, 191, 192;

sold at Barbadoes and West Indies, 181;

number in Massachusetts, 183, 184;

tax on, 185;

rated as cattle, 187, 188, 196;

denied baptism, 189;

marriage-ceremony, 192;

verdict awarded to a slave in Massachusetts, 204;

number in Boston, 205;

emancipated, 206;

executed in Massachusetts, 226;

transported and exchanged for small negroes, 226;

sue for freedom in Massachusetts, 228-232;

emancipated by England, 231;

slave-code of Maryland, 246;

laws against manumission of, 246, 250;

introduced in Connecticut, 252;

purchase and treatment of, 253;

persons manumitting to maintain them, 254;

commerce with, prohibited, 255;

importation of, prohibited, 259, 261;

impost-tax on, in Rhode Island, 265;

entertainment of, prohibited, 266;

letter of the board of trade relative to, 267;

Rhode Island supplied with, from Barbadoes, 269;

slaves sold in Rhode Island, 269;

value of, 269;

clandestine importation and exportation of, prohibited, 271;

Act relative to freeing Mulatto and Negro, in Rhode Island, 277;

rated as chattel property, 278;

masters of vessels prohibited from carrying Negro out of Rhode

Island, 280;

importation of, prohibited, 280;

allowed trial by jury, in New Jersey, 283;

impost-tax on, 286, 287;

prohibited from joining militia, 288;

regarded as chattel property in South Carolina, 292;

branded, 294;

life of, regarded as of little consequence, 296;

education of, prohibited, 298, 300;

overworking of, prohibited, 298;

insurrection, 299;

enlistment of, 300;

masters compensated for the loss of, 301;

rights of, controlled by the master in North Carolina, 304;

emancipation of, prohibited, 307;

New Hampshire opposed to the importation of, 309;

ill treatment of, prohibited, 311;

duration of, in New Hampshire, 311;

tax on, imported into Pennsylvania, 314, 315;

petition for freedom of, denied, 314;

number of slaves in the colonies 1715 and 1775, 325;

arrival of, at Virginia, from Jamaica, 328;

severe treatment of, modified, 329;

the Boston Massacre, 330;

in the Continental army, 333, 335;

excluded from the army, 335;

allowed to re-enlist, 337;

Lord Dunmore's proclamation freeing, 336;

join the British army, 339;

prohibited from enlisting in Connecticut, 343;

Rhode Island emancipates, on joining the army, 347;

protest against the same, 348;

masters of enlisted, recompensed, 349;

serve in the army with white troops, 352;

Act to enlist, in New York, 352;

efforts to enlist, in South Carolina, 357;

treatment of, by Cornwallis, 358;

exchanged for merchandise, 358;

disposal of recaptured, 374, 376, 379;

recaptured, sent to Boston, 376;

list of recaptured, 377;

held as personal property, 381, 384;

education of, prohibited, 385;

sale of, advertised, 403, 408;

in Massachusetts petition for freedom, 404;

rights of, limited in Virginia, 409;

who served in the army emancipated, 410;

promised their freedom in New York, 411;

impost-tax on, introduced in Federal Congress, 427;

lawsuits instituted by, in Massachusetts, 430;

number of, in United States, 1790, 436;

law for the return of fugitive, 438;

introduction of, prohibited into the Mississippi Territory, 440;

importation of, prohibited in Georgia, 440;

condition of, in Massachusetts, 461;

petition of, in Boston, 462;

Massachusetts laws in regard to, 463.

Slave-trade, commenced at Benin, Africa, 26;

natives of Africa engage in, 27;

suppressed by England, 28, 31;

at Yoruba, Africa, 31;

declared piracy by England, 87;

abolished in Liberia, 104, 105;

earliest commerce for slaves between Africa and America, 115;

introduced first in Virginia, 116, 118;

Dutch engage in the, 124, 135;

tax on the subjects of Great Britain in the, 127;

encouraged in Virginia, 128;

with Angola, Africa, 134;

encouraged by the Dutch, 135;

sanctioned by the English, 138;

encouraged by Queen Elizabeth, 138;

growth in New York, 140;

slave-market erected in New York, 142;

Indians exchanged for Negroes, 173;

in New England, 174;

ship "Desire" built for the, 174;

arrives with cargo of slaves, 174, 176;

on the coast of Guinea, 180;

increased in Massachusetts, 184;

abolished by England, 231;

bill for the suppression of, in Massachusetts, 235;

sanctioned in Rhode Island, 265, 273;

vessels fitted out for the, 269;

slave-market at Charleston, S.C., 299;

the situation of South Carolina favorable to the, 302;

progress during the Revolution, 402;

discussion in Congress on the restriction of the, 434;

act against the foreign, 438.

Slew, Jenny, a slave, sues for her freedom, 228.

Smeatham, Dr., one of the founders of the Sierra Leone colony, 86.

Smith, Hamilton, antiquity of the Negro race, 18.

Smith, Samuel, murders his Negro slave, 461.

Smith, William, volunteers to prosecute the Negroes in New York, 151,

158, 166.

Sommersett, James, a Negro slave, brought to England and abandoned by

his master, 85, 205;

discharged, 206.

Sorubiero, Margaret, connected with the New-York Negro plot, 1741,

147, 152, 153.

South Carolina, slaves purchased in, to evade the tax, 128;

slavery in, 289-301;

receives two charters from Great Britain, 289;

Negro slaves in, 289;

slavery legislation, 289;

slavery established, 289;

perpetual bondage of the Negro, 290, 291;

slaves regarded as chattel property, 292;

trial of slaves, 292;

increase of slave population, 292;

growth of the rice-trade, 292;

trade with Negroes prohibited, 293;

conduct of slaves regulated, 293;

punishment of slaves, 294;

branded, 294;

life of slaves regarded as of little consequence, 296;

fine for killing slaves, 296;

education of slaves prohibited, 298, 300;

permitted to be baptized, 298;

inquiry into the treatment of slaves, 298;

overworking of slaves prohibited, 298;

hours of labor, 298;

slave-market at Charleston, 299;

Negro insurrection, 299;

whites authorized to carry fire-arms, 300;

enlistment of slaves, 300;

Negroes admitted to the militia service, 300;

masters compensated for the loss of slaves, 301;

few slaves manumitted, 301;

little legislation on slavery from 1754-1776, 301;

effect of the threatened war with England, 301;

number of slaves in 1715 and 1775, 325;

efforts to raise Negro troops, 355;

Negroes desert from, 355;

recapture of Negroes from the British, 376;

slave population, 1790, 436.

Spain engaged in the slave-trade, 31;

her colonies in the West Indies to be furnished with Negroes, 237.

Stanley, Henry M., description of a journey through Africa, 72.

Staten Island, N.Y., a Negro regiment to be raised there, 342.

Stephens, Thomas, favors the introduction of slavery in Georgia, 319;

reprimanded, 320.

Stewart, Charles, owner of the Negro slave James Sommersett, 205.

Stone, S.C., a Negro insurrection at, 299.

Swain, John, suit to recover a slave, 231.

Swan, James, advocate of liberty for all, 204.

Swedes, settle on the Delaware River, 312.

Tacudons, king of Dahomey, 28.

Tarshish, Africa, description of, 452.

Taylor, Comfort, sues a slave for trespass, 278.

Teage, Collin, missionary to Liberia, 101.

Tembandumba, queen of the Jagas, 56.

Tharaca, king of Egypt, 454.

Thethmosis, king of Egypt, 459.

Thomas, John, letter to John Adams, 1775, on the employment of

Negroes in the army, 337.

Thompson, Capt, of ship "Nautilus," arrives at Sierra Leone with

Negroes, 86.

Timans, second king of Egypt, 454.

Tutu Osai, king of Ashantee, 34.

"Treasurer," ship, sails to West Indies for Negroes, 116;

arrives at Virginia, 117.

"Tyrannicide," armed vessel, re-captures Negroes, 376.

Uchoreus, king of Egypt, 459.

Undi, African chief, 50.

United States, condition of the Colored population before the war of

1861, 96;

first statute establishing slavery in, 177;

slave population, 1715 and 1775, 325;

confederation of the, 374;

treaty with England, 382;

the Tory party in favor of slavery, 413;

the Whigs the dominant party in the Northern States, 414;

slavery recognized under the new government of the, 414;

anti-slavery agitation in, 414;

plan for the disposal of the Western Territory, 416;

proceedings of Federal Convention, 417;

slave population in 1790, 436.

United-States Congress, action on the disposal of recaptured Negroes,

374;

first session at New York, 1789, 426;

proceedings, 427;

memorials to, for the abolition of slavery, 432, 437;

discussion in, on the restriction of the slave-trade, 433;

prohibits the introduction of slaves into the Mississippi Territory,

440.

Upton, Samuel and William, emancipate their father's slave, 207.

Ury, John, his connection with the New-York Negro plot, 1741, 160,

162, 163, 166;

executed, 169.

Utrecht, the treaty of, to provide Negroes for the Spanish West

Indies, 236.

Van Twiller, Wouter, charged with neglect of public affairs in

New Netherlands, 249;

owner of Negro slaves, 250.

Varick, Cæsar, charged with burglary at New York, 148.

Varnum, Gen. J.M., letter to Washington on the enlistment of Negroes,

346.

Vaughan, Col. James, Legislature of Rhode Island refund tax on two

child slaves imported by, 276.

Vermont, slave population, 1790;

admitted into the Union, 436.

"Victoria," ship, captures British privateer with Negroes, 376.

Virginia, slavery in, 115-133;

slaves first introduced, 116;

number of, 119;

forced on the colony, 119;

the first to purchase slaves, 119;

women purchased in England and sent to, 119;

number of slaves, 119, 120, 132, 133;

population, 120;

Assembly pass prohibition against Negroes, 121;

slavery legalized, 123;

Indians declared slaves, 124, 125;

Assembly protest against the repeal of the Act declaring Negroes

real estate, 125, 126;

impose duty on slaves and servants imported, 126, 127;

tax on slaves sold, 128;

reduced, 128, repealed, 128;

revived, 128;

prohibit Catholics, Indians, and Negro slaves to appear as

witnesses, 129;

pass act to value slave when executed, 129;

threatened revolt of the free Negroes, 130;

Act in regard to the freedom of slaves, 130;

number of slaves in 1715 and 1775, 325;

arrival of slaves in 1775, 328;

purchaser of the same reproved, 328;

instructions to delegation to Congress relative to the abolition

of slavery, 328;

Lord Dunmore's proclamation freeing slaves, 336;

Negroes join the British army, 339, 352;

declaration of convention against Dunmore's proclamation, 341;

number of slaves in Cornwallis's army, 358;

rights of slaves limited, 409;

slaves who served in the army emancipated, 410;

slave population, 1790, 436.

Walklin, Thomas, testimony in the Sommersett case, 205.

Warren, Joseph, oration on human liberty, 333.

Warwick, Earl of, slaves on his plantation at the Bermudas, 116, 118.

Washburn, Emory, views on the slavery laws of Massachusetts, 179.

Washington, George, acknowledges verses written by Phillis Wheatley,

200, 201;

presents Virginia resolutions of 1774 against slavery, 327;

takes command of the army, 334;

forbids the enlistment of Negroes, 334;

instructed to discharge all Negroes and slaves in the army, 335;

order of, against Negro enlistments, 336;

letter to Congress on admitting Negroes to the army, 337;

letter to Joseph Reed on Lord Dunmore's proclamation, 341;

letter to Gov. Cooke, 345;

letter to Henry Laurens, on the arming of the Negroes, 353;

letter to John Laurens on the failure to enlist Negroes in the

South, 360;

letter to Sir Guy Carleton relative to Negroes, 381;

to Gen. Putnam in regard to a Negro in the army claimed by his

owner, 384;

president of the Federal Convention, 417.

Watson, Capt., arrives at Norfolk, Va., with slaves, 328.

Wayne, Anthony, letter to Lieut.-Col. Meigs relative to Negroes

captured by him, 375.

Wesleyan Methodists establish mission at Sierra Leone, 90.

West India Company, trade in slaves, 135;

children of manumitted Negroes held as slaves by the, 135;

cost of the government of New Netherland to the, 136;

encourage commerce in slaves, 137;

slaves in New York the property of the, 139.

West Indies, Negroes captured and made slaves, 117, 118;

slaves sold at, 181;

England furnishes Negroes to the, 237.

Western Territory, plan for the disposal of the, 416;

slave population, 1790, 436.

Wheatley, Phillis, an African poetess, 197;

visits England, 198;

publishes her poems, 199;

marries John Peters, 200;

death of, 200;

poem to Washington, 200;

Washington's letter of acknowledgment, 201.

Whipple, John, sued by Jenny Slew, a slave, 228.

Whitefield, Rev. George, his plantation and Negroes in Georgia, 321.

Williams, George W., orations on "The Footsteps of the Nation,"

"Early Christianity in Africa," 111;

first colored graduate from Newton Seminary, 111;

ordination poem by Rev. Dr. Abbott, 111.

Wilson, D.A., principal of school at Liberia, 100.

Wilson, Jacob, on African languages, 67.

Wilkinson, Gardiner, discovers a Theban tomb with Negro scenes, 15;

condition of white and black slaves, 16.

Willson, Capt. John, charged with exciting slaves, 226.

Windsor, Thomas, master of ship "Seaflower," arrives at Newport,

R.I., with slaves from Africa, 269.

Winter, Sir William, a slave-trader, 138.

Worcester, Mass, representative instructed to vote against slavery,

220.

York, Duke of, conveys Delaware to William Penn, 249.

Yoruba, Africa, Negro kingdom, 31;

slave trade stopped, 31.

Zerah, king of Ethiopia, 454.