This is an original translation not only of the main body of the work
but also of a number of quotations from foreign authors. Page references
thus usually indicate the original foreign sources.
In so far as possible, however, I have availed myself of existing
translations and have referred to the following standard works:
Karl Marx: _Capital_, vol. i (transl. by Moore-Aveling, London, 1920);
vol. ii (transl. by E. Untermann, Chicago, 1907); vol. iii (transl.
by E. Untermann, Chicago, 1909)
_The Poverty of Philosophy_ (translator's name not given, London,
1936).
Sismondi's introduction to the second edition of _Nouveaux Principes_ is
quoted from M. Mignet's translation of selected passages by Sismondi,
entitled _Political Economy and the Philosophy of Government_, London,
1847. No English translation exists of Marx's _Theorien über den
Mehrwert_.
Unfortunately, not all the West European texts, and none of the
Russian--except Engels' correspondence with Nikolayon--were accessible
to me, and I regret having been unable to trace some quotations and
check up on others. In such cases, the English version follows the
German text and will at least bring out the point the author wanted to
make.
To save the reader grappling with unfamiliar concepts, I have converted
foreign currencies and measures into their English equivalents, at the
following rates:
20 _marks_--25 _francs_--$5--£1 (gold standard); 1 _hectare_--(roughly)
2·5 acres; 1 _kilometre_--5/8 mile.
I am glad of this opportunity to express my gratitude to Dr. W. Stark
and Mrs. J. Robinson for the helpful criticism and appreciation with
which my work has met.