_poena afficere aliquem_ (Off. 2. 5. 18)—to punish some one.
_animadvertere in aliquem_—to punish some one.
_punire aliquem_—to punish some one.
_ulcisci aliquem (pro aliqua re)_—to punish some one.
_poenas alicuius persequi_—to exact a penalty from some one.
_poenam petere, repetere ab aliquo_—to exact a penalty from some one.
_poenas expetere ab aliquo_—to exact a penalty from some one.
_supplicium sumere de aliquo_—to exact a penalty from some one.
_hanc poenam constituere in aliquem, ut..._—to ordain as punishment
that...
_graviter consulere in aliquem_ (Liv. 8. 13)—to deal severely with a
person.
_poenas (graves) dare alicui_—to be (heavily) punished by some one.
_poenas alicui pendere (alicuius rei)_—to be punished by some one (on
account of a thing).
_poenas dependere, expendere, solvere, persolvere_—to suffer punishment.
_poenam (alicuius rei) ferre, perferre_—to suffer punishment.
_poenam luere (alicuius rei)_ (Sull. 27. 76)—to be punished for a
thing, expiate it.
_luere_[1] _aliquid aliqua re_ (De Sen. 20)—to atone for something by...
_poenam subire_—to submit to a punishment.
_pecunia multare aliquem_—to condemn some one to a fine.
_multam irrogare alicui_ (Cic. Dom. 17. 45)—to impose a fine (used of
the prosecutor or the _tribunus plebis_ proposing a fine to be
ratified by the people).
_decem milibus aeris damnari_—to be fined 10,000 asses.
_in vincula (custodiam) dare aliquem_—to put some one in irons, chains.
_in vincula, in catenas conicere aliquem_—to put some one in irons,
chains.
_in carcerem conicere aliquem_—to throw some one into prison.
_capitis_ or _capite damnare aliquem_—to condemn some one to death.
_capitis absolvere aliquem_—to repeal a death-sentence passed on a
person.
_supplicium alicui decernere, in aliquem constituere_—to decree the
penalty of death.
_Solo capite sanxit, si quis..._ (Att. 10. 1)—Solon made it a capital
offence to...
_morte multare aliquem_ (Catil. 1. 11. 28)—to punish any one with death.
_supplicium sumere de aliquo_—to execute the death-sentence on a person.
_supplicio (capitis) affici_—to suffer capital punishment.
_ad palum deligare_ (Liv. 2. 5)—to bind to the stake.
_virgis caedere_—to beat with rods.
_securi percutere, ferire aliquem_—to execute a person, cut off his
head.
_in crucem agere, tollere aliquem_—to crucify.
_cruci suffigere aliquem_—to crucify.
_impune fecisse, tulisse aliquid_—to go unpunished.
_impunitum aliquem dimittere_—to let a person go scot-free.
_mortem_[2] _deprecari_ (B. G. 7. 40. 6)—to beg for life.
[1] To express the passive use _expiari_, e.g. _scelus supplicio
expiatum_.
[2] One can also say _vitam, salutem deprecari_, as _deprecari_ means
(1) to obtain by supplication, (2) to avert by supplication.