_fortuna adversa_—misfortune, adversity.
_res adversae, afflictae, perditae_—misfortune, adversity.
_in calamitatem incidere_—to be overtaken by calamity.
_calamitatem accipere, subire_—to suffer mishap.
_nihil calamitatis (in vita) videre_—to live a life free from all
misfortune.
_calamitatem haurire_—to drain the cup of sorrow.[1]
_omnes labores exanclare_—to drain the cup of sorrow.
_calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui_—to bring mishap, ruin on a person.
_calamitatibus affligi_—to be the victim of misfortune.
_calamitatibus obrui_—to be overwhelmed with misfortune.
_calamitatibus defungi_—to come to the end of one's troubles.
_calamitate doctus_—schooled by adversity.
_conflictari (cum) adversa fortuna_—to struggle with adversity.
_in malis iacere_—to be broken down by misfortune.
_malis urgeri_—to be hard pressed by misfortune.
_fortunae vicissitudines_—the vicissitudes of fortune.
_ancipites et varii casus_—the changes and chances of this life.
_sub varios incertosque casus subiectum esse_—to have to submit to the
uncertainties of fortune; to be subject to Fortune's caprice.
_multis casibus iactari_—to experience the ups and downs of life.
_ad omnes casus subsidia comparare_—to be prepared for all that may
come.
_varia fortuna uti_—to experience the vicissitudes of fortune; to have
a chequered career.
_multis iniquitatibus exerceri_[2]—to be severely tried by misfortune.
_fortunae telis propositum esse_—to be exposed to the assaults of fate.
_fortunae obiectum esse_—to be abandoned to fate.
_ad iniurias fortunae expositum esse_—to be a victim of the malice of
Fortune.
_fortunae cedere_—to acquiesce in one's fate.
_aliquem affligere, perdere, pessumdare, in praeceps dare_—to bring a
man to ruin; to destroy.
_praecipitem agi, ire_—to be ruined, undone.
_ad exitium vocari_—to be ruined, undone.
_ad interitum ruere_—to be ruined, undone.
_in perniciem incurrere_—to be ruined, undone.
_pestem alicui (in aliquem) machinari_—to compass, devise a man's
overthrow, ruin.
_perniciem (exitium) alicui afferre, moliri, parare_—to compass,
devise a man's overthrow, ruin.
_ab exitio, ab interitu aliquem vindicare_—to rescue from destruction.
[1] In Latin metaphor the verb only, as a rule, is sufficient to
express the metaphorical meaning—e.g. _amicitiam iungere cum aliquo_,
to be bound by the bands of affection to any one; _religionem
labefactare_, to undermine the very foundations of belief; _bellum
exstinguere_, to extinguish the torch of war; _cuncta bello ardent_,
the fires of war are raging all around; _libido consedit_, the storm
of passion has ceased; _animum pellere_, to strike the heart-strings;
_vetustas monumenta exederat_, the tooth of time had eaten away the
monuments.
[2] The first meaning of _exercere_ is to keep in motion, give no rest
to. Then, metaphorically, to keep busy, to harass—e.g. _fortuna
aliquem vehementer exercet_. Lastly, _exercere_ is used to express the
main activity in any branch of industry, thus, _exercere agros_, to
farm; _metalla_, to carry on a mining industry; _navem_, to fit out
ships, be a shipowner; _vectigalia_, to levy, collect taxes, used
specially of the _publicani_; _qui exercet iudicium_, the presiding
judge (_praetor_).