LORD DUFFERIN (Frederick Blackwood), 1826-92: Governor-General
of Canada, 1872-8.
JACQUES CARTIER, 1491-1557: explored the St. Lawrence, 1535-42.
COUNT DE MONTS, 1560-1611: a Huguenot gentleman of the French
Court, had a patent for the colonisation of Acadia (Nova
Scotia) from 1603 to 1607.
SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN, 1567-1635: interested in Canada, 1603-35:
founded Quebec, 1608.
THOMAS JAMES, 1593-1635: a Bristol man.
LUKE FOX, 1586-1635: sailed from London.
SIEUR DE MAISONNEUVE: founder of Montreal and Governor there
for 22 years: died in 1676.
CHARLES DE MONTMAGNY: Governor of Canada, 1636-48, was opposed
to the settlement of Montreal.
COUNT DE FRONTENAC, 1620-98: Governor of Canada, 1672-82 and
1689-98. The strongest Governor during the French period.
FRANCIS PARKMAN, 1823-93: the most picturesque of American
historians: accurate as well as graphic.
MADELAINE VERCHÈRES: born 1678, married a second time in 1722,
date of death unknown.
LOUIS-HECTOR DE CALLIÈRES, 1646-1703: came to Canada as
Governor of Montreal in 1684: Governor-General at Quebec, 1699.
GILLES HOCQUART: Intendant of New France, 1731-48: an energetic
and able official.
SIEUR DE LA VÉRENDRYE, 1685-1749: explored to the west of
Canada, 1731-8. His sons are said to have sighted the Rockies
in 1742.
MAJOR CHARLES LAWRENCE administered the government of Nova
Scotia from 1753, became officially Governor in 1756: died in
1760.
HORACE WALPOLE, 1717-97: son of Sir Robert Walpole: wrote
several books, but is most famous for his letters. Most of
the letters here quoted were written to Sir Horace Mann, the
British envoy at Florence.
HENRY SEYMOUR CONWAY, 1721-95: was a soldier and statesman, who
had been much criticised for his failure in an expedition to
Rochfort in 1757.
LORD HOLDERNESS (Robert D'Arcy), 1718-78: Secretary of State,
1751-61.
JAMES WOLFE, 1727-59: military commander of the Quebec
expedition of 1759. On his death, George Townshend,
1724-1807, succeeded to the command at Quebec. He returned to
England and left the defence to James Murray, 1719-94. The
commander-in-chief in N. America was Jeffrey Amherst, 1717-97.
The Admiral at Quebec was Sir Charles Saunders, 1713-75.
MARQUIS DE MONTCALM, 1712-59: French General in North America,
1756-9.
SAMUEL HEARNE, 1745-92: made the first inland explorations
undertaken by the Hudson Bay Company, 1770-5.
SIR ALEXANDER MACKENZIE, 1755-1820: explored the Mackenzie
river, 1789, and crossed the Rockies to the Pacific in 1793.
Captain George Vancouver, R.N., 1758-98, was exploring the
coast at the same time.
LOUIS RODRIGUE MASSON, 1833-1903: a member of the Canadian
Senate and Lieut.-Governor of Quebec, collected and published
narratives by a number of traders in the service of the
North-West Company.
GEORGE HERIOT, 1766-1844: born in Jersey, became
Postmaster-General of Canada: was second in command at the
battle of Chateauguay in the War of 1812.
SIMON FRASER, 1776-1862: explored the Fraser river in 1808:
declined knighthood in 1811: died poor near Montreal.
JAMES FITZGIBBON, 1780-1863: born in Ireland: won the battle
of Beaver Dam, 1813: helped to put down the rebellion in Upper
Canada, 1837: returned to England later.
SIR PHINEAS RIALL, 1775-1850: commanded at the battle of
Chippawa: Governor of Grenada, 1816: knighted, 1833.
SIR GORDON DRUMMOND, 1771-1854: born at Quebec: fought as
colonel against the French in Egypt, 1801: won the battle of
Lundy's Lane, 1814: administrator of Lower Canada, 1815-6.
LORD SELKIRK (Thomas Douglas), 1771-1820: planted a colony
in Prince Edward Island in 1803: his colonists on the Red
River, 1815-6, twice driven out by the North-West Company, but
restored in 1817.
ROBERT SEMPLE, 1766-1816: born at Boston: travelled widely:
became Governor of the Hudson Bay Company's territories in 1815.
CUTHBERT GRANT, the leader of the attacking party, was a
Scottish half-breed.
JOHN GALT, 1779-1839: best known as a Scots novelist: visited
Canada in the interests of the Canada Company in 1824 and
1826-9.
THOMAS CHANDLER HALIBURTON, 1796-1865: a Nova Scotian: Judge of
the Supreme Court there: in _Sam Slick_ posed as a Connecticut
clockmaker pointing out the foibles and want of initiative of
the Nova Scotians: founded the American school of humour: later
came to England, and was a Member of Parliament, 1859-65.
LORD DURHAM (John George Lambton), 1792-1840: radical member of
Parliament: helped to prepare the Reform Bill: son-in-law of
Earl Grey, who carried the Bill: ambassador to Russia, Prussia,
and Austria: sent as Special Commissioner to Canada after the
rebellion of 1837: his Report is a "State paper on colonial
affairs which will live to all time" (Sir Charles Lucas).
JOSEPH HOWE, 1804-73: a distinguished Nova Scotian statesman,
who led the movement for responsible government in his native
province: became Lieut.-Governor of N.S., 1873.
LORD JOHN RUSSELL, 1792-1878: son of the sixth Duke of Bedford:
whig statesman: Home Secretary, 1835: Colonial Secretary, 1839:
Prime Minister, 1846: Foreign Secretary, 1852: Lord President
of the Council, 1854: Colonial Secretary, 1855: Foreign
Secretary, 1859: Prime Minister, 1865. The most important
period in his career is probably that of his ministry from 1846
to 1852.
SIR GEORGE SIMPSON, 1792-1860: Governor of the Hudson Bay
Company's territories, 1821-60: crossed North America, 1828:
made "overland" journey round the world, 1841-2.
JOHN ROBERT GODLEY, 1814-61: much interested in colonisation:
helped to found the Church of England Colony of Canterbury in
New Zealand, 1850: later became Under Secretary at War.
LORD ELGIN (James Bruce), 1811-63: Governor of Jamaica, 1842:
Governor-General of Canada, 1847-54: carried out Lord Durham's
plan of responsible government--he was Durham's son-in-law:
envoy to China, 1857-8 and 1860-1: Viceroy of India, 1862-3.
SIR GEORGE GREY (1799-1882), who was Colonial Secretary,
1854-5, and several times Home Secretary, was a nephew of the
Earl Grey who carried the Reform Act. He must not be confused
with the more famous Sir George Grey (1812-98), who was
Governor of South Australia, of New Zealand, and of Cape Colony.
SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD, 1815-91: born at Kingston, Ontario:
leader of his (Conservative) party, 1856-91: led the federation
movement, and became the first Prime Minister of the Dominion:
politically responsible for the construction of the Canadian
Pacific Railway: Prime Minister, 1878-91.
GEORGE BROWN, 1818-80: founder and editor of the Toronto
_Globe_: leader of the radical party, but formed a coalition
with Macdonald in order to carry Confederation, resigning as
soon as success was assured.
CHRISTOPHER DUNKIN, 1811-81: born in London, England: went to
Canada, 1836: he was at first an opponent, but later a strong
supporter, of Confederation: passed the Canada Temperance Act:
became a Judge of the Supreme Court of Quebec.
LORD STRATHCONA (Donald Smith), born in 1820 in Elginshire:
entered the service of the Hudson Bay Co. in 1838: Governor of
its territories, 1868: on the rebellion at the Red River in
1870, he succeeded in maintaining peace until the arrival of
troops under Lord Wolseley: financially responsible for the
making of the Canadian Pacific Railway: Governor of the Hudson
Bay Co. in London, 1889: raised to the peerage, 1897.
GARNET, LORD WOLSELEY, 1833-1913: Commander-in-Chief of the
British Army, 1895-1900: served in the Crimea and in India and
China: commanded in Ashanti and Egypt as well as in the Red
River expedition.
GEORGE MONRO GRANT, 1835-1902: Principal of Queen's University,
Kingston, 1877: President of the Imperial Federation League,
Ontario, 1889.
MISS E. PAULINE JOHNSON, "Tekahionwake," the descendant of
Indian chiefs, who were the loyal allies of the British, has
published several volumes of Canadian poetry.
SIR WILFRED LAURIER, born 1841, in Quebec: leader of the
Liberal party, 1887: Prime Minister, 1896-1911.
ROBERT LAIRD BORDEN, born 1854, in Nova Scotia: leader of the
Conservative party, 1901: Prime Minister, 1911.
CHARLES G. D. ROBERTS, Canadian poet, historian and novelist,
born in New Brunswick, 1860: has been a Professor in Nova
Scotia and an editor in New York.
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