Plain tubing may be either of iron, brass, zinc, lead, tin plate, sheet
iron, papier mâché, indiarubber, guttapercha, leather, cotton, or
canvas.
Flexible sorts of the last five materials named are strengthened when
required by spiral wire, either inside or outside or imbedded in the
material; also, in the case of rubber, by canvas insertion; or by being
payed with yarn or wire, either wound or plaited round the exterior.
CAST IRON PIPES.
=1048 to 1053. Show sections and elevations= of forms of flanges
employed. =1053 has a small ~V~ space,= in which is inserted a ring of
guttapercha cord or soft lead. Used for heavy pressures.
=1054. Socket and spigot pipes.=
The ordinary earthenware socket drain pipes, flue pipes, &c., are
examples.
=1055. Socket and spigot pipes,= with tapered, bored, and turned joint.
=1056. Cup and ball joint= for uneven ground, &c.
=1057. Wrought iron pipes,= with cast iron flanges.
=1058. Diagonal universal joint.= See No. 1078.
=1059. Swivelling joint.= Coupling quickly opened or closed, faced with
rubber or leather.
=1060. Bayonet joint,= for hydrants, &c. See No. 963.
WROUGHT IRON PIPES.
=1061. Sheet iron flue pipes.=
=1062. Wrought iron pipe and screwed couplings.=
=1063. Wrought iron flange coupling.=
=1064. Reducing socket= or coupling.
[Illustration: 1041.-1064.]
=1065 & 1066. Elbows.=
=1067. Bend.=
=1068. Internal coupling= for handrailing, &c.
=1069. Patent lap-folded pipe.=
=1070. Long screw, coupling and back nut,= for making the last joint in
a series of pipes when the last piece cannot be screwed into both
joints.
=1071 to 1073. Screwed unions.= The nut may be as No. 1072 or 1073.
See also Section 78.
=1074 & 1075. Unions= with right and left-hand threads.
=1076. Expansion joint= plain.
=1077. Expansion joint= with gland and safety bolt to prevent the joint
blowing out.
~A~ bent ~U~-shaped tube of copper is sometimes used as an expansion
piece in a line of hot piping.
=1078. Royle’s patent diagonal universal joint,= by swivelling the
diagonal joint the pipes can be set at any angle from 0° to 90° to each
other.
=1079. Expanding pipes= with stuffing boxes at each joint, used for
conveying water, steam, or air to a movable engine or machine.
CONVEYORS.
=1080 & 1081. Wood troughs= sometimes lined with metal.
For conveying materials other than liquids, such as sand, coal, grain,
&c., the following contrivances are used:--
Endless bands of canvas, rubber, leather, &c., sometimes with flanges
like 1082.
Sloping wooden tubes or shoots.
=1082. Sectional conveyor,= endless, carried round pulleys like No.
1083.
=1083. Creeper,= an endless chain of boards or buckets sliding along a
fixed wood trough. See Ewart’s patent detachable drive chain, which is
fitted with special links for attachment of boards or buckets.
=1084. Worm and trough,= similar in principle to an archimedean screw.
See No. 1022.
Elevators for vertical or sloping conveyance usually consist of an
endless band of some flexible material or chain with a number of tin
or metal buckets attached at regular intervals (as No. 1086) like a
creeper, No. 1083, but working in an enclosed tube.
Pneumatic tubes. See Section 19. Valves for do., No. 1638.
=1085. Is an improved form of worm= having no centre shaft. “Patent
Anti-Friction Conveyor.”
=1086. Elevator,= or band and buckets, may be run in any position.
=1087 & 1088. Endless web and roller devices= for conveying sheets of
paper, for printing or folding.
See also Raising and Lowering, Section 69.
[Illustration: 1065.-1088.]