[1] Cp. his experiences at the Wartburg. See Kostlin-Kawerau, I, 439
ff.
[2] Carlstadt, without authority, preached, administered the sacrament
and brought about the upheaval in the _parish_ church--Luther's own.
He was archdeacon and preacher at the _castle_ church. See Muller,
_Luther und Karlstadt_, 69 and passim.
[3] In the _Open Letter to the Christian Nobility_ and the _Babylonian
Captivity_. See pp. 125 f., 136 f., and 215 f. of this volume.
[4] Right to speak.
[5] Power to do.
[6] Melanchthon.
[7] See above, p. 61.
[8] Justus Jonas, provost at the castle church.
[9] Gabriel Zwilling, an Augustinian, who, next to Carlstadt, was the
leader in forcing the reforms which Luther is here discussing. See
Introduction, p. 388.
[10] Was Luther led by the name of Gabriel to add a last touch by the
mention of the other archangel, in the thought of St. Paul, that even
an angel from heaven cannot change the Gospel, Gal. 1:8. See note in
_Weimar Ed._, Xc, 438. See also a similar outburst in a letter to
Johann Lang in 1516, six years previous, where Gabriel Biel's name
furnished the incitement. Enders, I, 54; Smith, I, 42.
[11] Namely, of the monasteries.
[12] A monastic order, founded 1084, noted or the strictness of its
rule.
[13] The Iconoclastic controversy in the Eastern church, which called
forth the Seventh Ecumenical Council at Nice in 787, whose decrees
were favorable to images in the churches. The controversy, which raged
for over a century, was finally settled in 843. Since the promulgation
of this decree the First Sunday in Lent has been celebrated annually
as the "Feast of Orthodoxy." See _Realencyk._, III, 222 ff.
[14] See above, p. 309.
[15] i. e., Castor and Pollux.
[16] Luther's great objection to the mass was its turning of the
Sacrament into a sacrifice. This view of the mass was for him an utter
perversion of the gospel, and, therefore, comes under the category of
essentials. See Vol. I, pp. 309 ff., and above, pp. 211 ff.
[17] See above, p. 407, note 1.
[18] Cf. above, p. 282.
[19] In the canon law, C. 12, X, _de poenitentiis_.
[20] On the last four paragraphs, cf. above, pp. 15 f.
[21] On this title, see Introduction, p. 389.
[22] "Let there be judgment and righteousness." To keep judgment is to
accuse and condemn ourselves; but to do righteousness is to trust in
the mercy of God.
[23] The treatise _Von der Beichte, ob die der Papst Macht habe zu
gebieten_, written during the sojourn on the Wartburg. See _Weimar
Ed._, VIII, 129; _Erl. Ed._, XXVII, 318.
[24] See above, p. 394.