We had a narrow escape of losing our Pickwick and his familiar type. The
original notion was to have "a tall, long, thin man," and only for the
late Edward Chapman, who providentially thought of the Richmond
gentleman, Foster, we should have lost for ever the short, rotund
Pickwick that we so love and cherish. A long, thin Pickwick! He could
not be amiable, or benevolent, or mild, or genial. But what _could_ such
a selection mean? Why, that Boz saw an opening for humorous treatment in
introducing a purblind, foolish Professor, or scientist--one with
spectacles--prying into this and that, taking notes &c. As Winkle was
the sportsman, Tupman, the lover, Snodgrass, the poet, so Mr. Pickwick
was to be a sort of Pangloss or Dominie Sampson. His curiosity and love
of enquiry were to get him into scrapes, just as Mr. Winkle's sham
sportsmanship was to get him into embarrassments. In fact, the first
appearance in Seymour's plate--the scene with the cabman--shows him as
quite a different Pickwick; with a sour, cantankerous face; not in
"tights," but in a great coat; he is scarcely recognisable. Seymour was
then determined to show him after his own ideal. But when the poor
artist destroyed himself the great man was brought up to the fitting
type. So undecided were the parties about that type that the author had
to leave it altogether an open question--a _tabula rasa_--not announcing
that his hero was either tall or short, fat or lean, pale or rosy; all he
commits himself to in his opening chapter is that he was bald, that he
wore tights and gaiters, and, what is rather singular, _circular
spectacles_. I suppose, in contrast to the more elongated glasses.
It might be an interesting question for the "paper of questions," "Why
did Mr. Pickwick wear circular spectacles?" Was there any local
weakness? The artist never forgot this direction. In the author of the
Tittlebatian system, &c., the "circular spectacles" would impart a sort
of wise and owl-like stare. It was, of course, due to Chapman, the
publisher, and was another of his "happy suggestions."
This Mr. Foster, of Richmond--fortunately for himself--was not known to
be the original of "Pickwick," though many must have been struck by the
likeness, both in physique and costume, to the picture. It is not stated
that the features were copied, though, no doubt, Chapman would have
vividly described them also; and Seymour was so ready and deft with his
pencil that he must have certainly caught the likeness even from the
description. We could fancy him rapidly making trial sketches, "Is that
near it?" "No, fatter in the cheeks." "Is _that_?" "No, forehead a
little higher, more bald," and so on. I myself was at Richmond, having
just come from school, about ten years after the appearance of
Pickwick--and for aught I know may have seen this Foster promenading it
on the Hill. There was no particular interest then in Pickwick--which
was somewhat forgotten, the interest being absorbed in the newer and
brilliant works which Boz was bringing out. The society there was
thoroughly Pickwickian; there were many old-fashioned figures, including
the Mr. Jesse at whom the "Ponto" story was directed. We were gay
enough. The old Star and Garter was flourishing. There were the
Assembly Rooms at the Castle Inn, with "Almack's Balls"; barges coming
down on Regatta days, when people danced on the deck and feasted in the
cabin. There were private parties and dinners, and the old
Theatre--Kean's, with the manager's house adjoining--was still standing
on the Green, opening fitfully enough for a few nights, and then closing
as fitfully. There I saw "The Green Bushes." Such a little Bandbox as
it was! There were the two wooden staircases _outside_, of quaint
appearance. Mr. Tupman may have been then alive and walking on the
Terrace. He had retired there just twenty years before. He had probably
rooms on the Green, near Maid of Honour Row. This little sketch shows
clearly that Richmond is very nearly associated with Pickwick. But here
comes in another reminiscence of Richmond, for there rises before me,
about a dozen years after the appearance of the book, the image of a very
Pickwickian figure--bald and "circular," cozy, wearing a white tie and
glasses--a favourite gossip with all the ladies--no other indeed than
Maria Edgworth's brother. He was a florid, good-humoured personage, a
great talker, knew everybody in the place, and, like Mr. Pickwick, was an
old bachelor, and kept an important housekeeper. He was genial and
hospitable, would give parties, dinners, and dances. But the likeness in
physique was the oddest part.
As the outside of Foster, of Richmond, supplied Mr. Pickwick's outside
and habit as he lived, so his "in'ards," or character, was also turned to
profit and not wasted. And here suggests itself a very likely
speculation. This image of the Richmond Foster was before him; through
the book he thought of the old Beau and the ladies' protests. The
amorous element would not do for his hero, for whom he had other work;
but while he left the physique to Pickwick he certainly transferred the
_character_ to one of his leading figures. That this is not fanciful
will be seen. Mr. Chapman described Foster as "a fat old Beau": he was
very popular, or, it may be, exceedingly well off. And at a place like
Richmond he would be very _recherche_. But is it not exactly suggestive
of Tupman--this "fat old Beau" devoted to the ladies? ("Because you are
too old, sir; and too fat, sir," said his chief.) And on the first
opportunity he _did_ get into tights, viz., as the brigand. What is more
convincing is that at the close Boz sent Tupman back to Richmond whence
he came, and where we are carefully assured "he walks constantly on the
Terrace during the summer months with a youthful and jaunty air which has
rendered him the admiration of the numerous elderly dames of single
condition who reside in the vicinity." Seeing Mr. Foster's occupation, I
really think that this accounts for the novelist's selection of Richmond.
Mr. Chapman recalled that not even the persuasion of the Richmond ladies
could induce Mr. Foster, of Richmond, to forego his "tights" and
gaiters--and much amusement was caused by the idiosyncrasy. This
persistence, it is clear, was before Boz, who makes Mr. Pickwick abandon
his gaiters only at the Ball at Manor Farm, but we are distinctly told
"that it was the first time" he did so "within the memory of his oldest
friends." Thus we have Foster, of Richmond, brought into actual touch
with his double. Thus much for his physique, which, it is admitted, was
all that was drawn from Foster. But that friendly manner; that genial,
amiable nature which made him think "the whole world akin;" whence did
Boz import all that? I believe he found this genial, friendly type in
the very man who had suggested Foster, of Richmond, to him. That this is
not purely fanciful will be seen from an account of Edward Chapman kindly
supplied to me by one of his family.
"He was a short, stoutish person, very good-humoured, an affectionate
family man, unaffected, and fond of the country. But touching his
character; the first feature that came into my mind was his extreme
justice; in my very earliest years I remember being impressed by it--one
_felt_ it: all actions and motives were judged with a catholicity and
charity that made us trust him implicity, and I see my sister has the
same remembrance. He was naturally of a quiet, easy disposition; not
much of a talker, but when he spoke he was always worth listening to. I
see also she mentions his sense of humour, when his eyes would light up
with a merry twinkle. I never remember hearing him say an unkind word to
anyone. It is very pleasant to hear that papa is to be mentioned in
connection with Pickwick, and I will gladly tell you all I can regarding
my impressions of his character and tastes, &c. We only saw him for a
short hour in the evening when he was tired after his day's work and
little inclined to talk, but we always had a child-like instinct of his
great justice and impartiality--an impression that I retained all through
his life.
"Later on, at Tunbridge Wells, where we saw more of him, I learned to
admire his vast store of knowledge, as there was hardly a subject that I
asked for information on that he did not know a great deal about. Also
he had a great love of beauty in nature, and was never so happy as when
he had his favourite, shabby old hat on and a long stick, which he had
cut himself, in his hand, and poked about the grounds which surrounded
our house, inspecting the holly hedge and shrubs he had planted--in fact
it used to be a standing joke that he used to measure his holly bushes
every day to see how much they had grown in the night. He was perfectly
happy in such a life, as it suited his peaceful contented nature.
"He was a man who never used a rough word to anyone, but his remarks, if
he were angry, could sting sharply. He had a fund of quiet humour, like
a Scotchman, and his sallies told all the more, as they generally came
when least expected and without an effort. Later on, I travelled with my
mother and him for several years and benefited greatly through his
knowledge and love of art, and his recognition and appreciation of all
that was good and worthy of admiration in foreign lands and peoples. He
had a soft heart, too, and was always ready to help those who asked for
aid."
Next is introduced the prototype of Mr. Pickwick in a few touches:--
"There was an old family friend living at Richmond, named John Foster,
_not Forster_, who was quite a character, especially in his personal
appearance; it occurred to my father to introduce him to Dickens who had
just commenced the Pickwick Papers. Accordingly, they were invited to
meet one another at dinner, and, from this copy, Dickens turned out
Pickwick.
"The trial in Pickwick was not originally written as it is given to the
public. The number was just coming out and in the hands of "the reader"
(I believe John Forster was my father's reader at that time, and had been
educated for the Bar), when the following occurred: Dickens was going to
dine that evening at my father's house; they were waiting for dinner to
be announced, when a messenger came in a great hurry (I think it must
have been from the reader) to say that Dickens was wrong on a point of
law, and that something must be done at once as the number was on the eve
of publication, and the printers were waiting. They rang the bell,
ordered dinner to be put back, and placed pen and paper before Dickens
who set to work at once and re-wrote part of the trial, there and then;
it was given to the messenger waiting in the hall, and Dickens sat down
to dinner with a comfortable feeling that the publication had been saved
in time.
"I have given these anecdotes as we remember hearing them spoken about in
our home. I can picture the last one so well, the rapidity with which it
was done, the young author, my parents, and the pretty home in which it
took place.
"My father's marriage was a romantic one. Visiting at Hitchin, he fell
in love with his next door neighbour, a very pretty little Quakeress,
dressed in the Quaker fashion of those days; her father was a very strict
Friend, and was made very uneasy at the attentions of this London lover;
but Mary was bright and vivacious, and encouraged him, and many were the
interviews contrived by the young couple. Their rooms were on the same
floor, though in different houses; my father, behind a piece of
furniture, bored a hole through the dividing wall, and the lovers slipped
notes backwards and forwards by this means. I am not aware that the
simple-hearted parents ever found it out.
"But, at last, Mary was persuaded to leave her sheltered home and launch
out into the world by his side. They were married in the north of
England, from her brother's house; the bridegroom sending from London,
the day before the marriage, the dresses the little Quakeress was to robe
herself in when she slipped out of her garb. The fit must have been
greatly left to chance!
"Being full of tact and of engaging manners, she proved an excellent
hostess, and well fitted for the position she held.
"My father died 20th February, 1880, aged 76, and was buried at Hitchin,
beside my mother. He had long retired from business, and spent many
years abroad on account of my mother's health."
This pleasing sketch quite suggests the account given by Sterne of his
father. There is a quaint, old-world air about it--and the traits are
really those of Mr. Pickwick in his later development. We could imagine
the latter at Dulwich examining and measuring his holly bushes. It would
not be too fanciful to suppose that Boz--constantly with him, dining with
him, and consulting him on every point--must have been impressed, and
influenced too, by those amiable qualities, particularly by that
unaffected simplicity and good-will which is also so notable in his hero.
So the figure stands thus--first, the long, thin man with Dry-as-dust
tastes: then the short, round philanthropist, whose externals were
suggested by the Foster, of Richmond, the latter's "internals" being
transferred to Tupman. Not only do "Vith and Visdom" go together, but
also "Vith" and good humour and benevolence, which Boz felt were
necessary adjuncts to such a physique. Where was he to find these? Now,
we know how much Boz was inclined to draw from what was before his eyes.
It saved him trouble and also set his imagination at work. The Cheeryble
Brothers, each a _Pickwick redivivus_, were taken from the Grant
Brothers, merchants, at Manchester. And here he had this very
exceptional character daily before him, in the person of Edward Chapman.
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