I will give two examples of the homonymy.

Example 1.--A.: "You are not yet initiated into the mysteries of the

Kantian philosophy."

B.: "Oh, if it's mysteries you're talking of, I'll have nothing to do

with them."

Example 2.--I condemned the principle involved in the word _honour_

as a foolish one; for, according to it, a man loses his honour by

receiving an insult, which he cannot wipe out unless he replies with a

still greater insult, or by shedding his adversary's blood or his own.

I contended that a man's true honour cannot be outraged by what he

suffers, but only and alone by what he does; for there is no saying

what may befall any one of us. My opponent immediately attacked

the reason I had given, and triumphantly proved to me that when a

tradesman was falsely accused of misrepresentation, dishonesty, or

neglect in his business, it was an attack upon his honour, which in

this case was outraged solely by what he suffered, and that he could

only retrieve it by punishing his aggressor and making him retract.

Here, by a homonymy, he was foisting _civic honour_, which is

otherwise called _good name_, and which may be outraged by libel and

slander, on to the conception of _knightly honour_, also called _point

d'honneur_, which may be outraged by insult. And since an attack on

the former cannot be disregarded, but must be repelled by public

disproof, so, with the same justification, an attack on the latter

must not be disregarded either, but it must be defeated by still

greater insult and a duel. Here we have a confusion of two essentially

different things through the homonymy in the word _honour_, and a

consequent alteration of the point in dispute.

The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer; the Art of Controversy · 第 14 / 55 题