LATER FICTION: THE DOMESTIC NOVEL
No such homogeneity as marked the works of Mrs. Haywood's first decade
of authorship can be discovered in the productions of her last fifteen
years. The vogue of the short romantic tale was then all but exhausted,
her stock of scandal was no longer new, and accordingly she was obliged
to grope her way toward fresh fields, even to the barren ground of the
moral essay. But besides the letters, essays, and conduct books, and the
anonymous pamphlets of doubtful character that may have occupied her pen
during this period, she engaged in several experiments in legitimate
prose fiction of various sorts, which have little in common except their
more considerable length. Although the name of Mrs. Eliza Haywood was
not displayed upon the title-pages nor mentioned in the reviews of these
novels, the authorship was not carefully concealed and was probably
known to the curious. The titles of nearly all of them were mentioned by
the "Biographia Dramatica" in the list of the novelist's meritorious
works.
The earliest and the only one to bear the signature of Eliza Haywood at
the end of the dedication was borrowed from the multifarious and
unremarkable literary wares of Charles de Fieux, Chevalier de Mouhy.
"The Virtuous Villager, or Virgin's Victory: Being The Memoirs of a very
Great Lady at the Court of France. Written by Herself. In which the
Artifices of designing Men are fully detected and exposed; and the
Calamities they bring on credulous believing Woman, are particularly
related," was given to the English public in 1742 as a work suited to
inculcate the principles of virtue, and probably owed its being to the
previous success of "Pamela."[1] In the original a dull and spiritless
imitation of Marivaux, the work was not improved by translation, and met
naturally the reception due its slender merits. But along with the
English versions of Le Sage, Marivaux, and the Abbé Prévost, "The
Virtuous Villager" helped to accustom the readers of fiction to two
volume novels and to pave the way for the numerous pages of Richardson.
Not more than a year from the time when the four duodecimos of "Pamela"
introduced kitchen morality into the polite world, the generosity of
prominent men and women was directed toward a charity recently
established after long agitation.[2] To furnish suitable decorations for
the Foundling Hospital in Lamb's Conduit, Hogarth contributed the unsold
lottery tickets for his "March to Finchley," and other well-known
painters lent their services. Handel, a patron of the institution, gave
the organ it still possesses, and society followed the lead of the men
of genius. The grounds of the Foundling Hospital became in Georgian days
a "fashionable morning lounge." Writers of ephemeral literature were not
slow to perceive how the wind lay and to take advantage of the interest
aroused by the new foundation. The exposed infant, one of the oldest
literary devices, was copiously revived, and during the decade when the
Hospital was being constructed mention of foundlings on title-pages
became especially common. A pamphlet called "The Political Foundling"
was followed by the well-known "Foundling Hospital for Wit and Humour"
(1743), by Mrs. Haywood's "Fortunate Foundlings" (1744), by Moore's
popular comedy, "The Foundling" (1748), and last and greatest by "The
History of Tom Jones, a Foundling" (1749), not to mention "The Female
Foundling" (1750).
Eliza Haywood's contribution to foundling literature relates the history
of twins, brother and sister, found by a benevolent gentleman named
Dorilaus in the memorable year 1688. Louisa is of the tribe of Marianne,
Pamela, and Henrietta, nor do her experiences differ materially from the
course usually run by such heroines. Reared a model of virtue, she is
obliged to fly from the house of her guardian to avoid his
importunities. After serving as a milliner's apprentice long enough to
demonstrate the inviolability of her principles, she becomes mistress of
the rules of politeness at the leading courts of Europe as the companion
of the gay Melanthe. Saved from an atrocious rake by an honorable lover,
whom she is unwilling to accept because of the humbleness of her
station, she takes refuge in a convent where she soon becomes so popular
that the abbess lays a plot to induce her to become a nun. But escaping
the religious snare, she goes back to Paris to be claimed by Dorilaus as
his real daughter. Thus every obstacle to her union with her lover is
happily removed.
Horatio, meanwhile, after leaving Westminster School to serve as a
volunteer in Flanders, has encountered fewer amorous and more military
adventures than usually fell to the lot of Haywoodian heroes. His
promising career under Marlborough is terminated when he is taken
captive by the French, but he is subsequently released to enter the
service of the Chevalier. He then becomes enamored of the beautiful
Charlotta de Palfoy, and in the hope of making his fortune equal to
hers, resolves to cast his lot with the Swedish monarch. In the Saxon
campaign he wins a commission as colonel of horse and a comfortable
share of the spoils, but later is taken prisoner by the Russians and
condemned to languish in a dungeon at St. Petersburg. After many
hardships he makes his way to Paris to be welcomed as a son by Dorilaus
and as a husband by his adored Charlotta.
In describing Horatio's martial exploits Mrs. Haywood may well have
learned some lessons from the "Memoirs of a Cavalier." The narrative is
direct and rapid, and diversified by the mingling of private escapades
with history. Too much is made, of course, of the hero's personal
relations with Charles XII, but that is a fault which few historical
novelists have known how to avoid. The geographical background, as well
as the historical setting, is laid out with a precision unusual in her
fiction. The whole map of Europe is the scene of action, and the author
speaks as one familiar with foreign travel, though her passing
references to Paris, Venice, Vienna, and other cities have not the full
vigor of the descriptions in "Peregrine Pickle."
From the standpoint of structure, too, "The Fortunate Foundlings" is an
improvement over the haphazard plots of Mrs. Haywood's early romances,
though the double-barreled story necessitated by twin hero and heroine
could hardly be told without awkward interruptions in the sequence of
one part of the narrative in order to forward the other. But the author
doubtless felt that the reader's interest would be freshened by turning
from the amorous adventures of Louisa to the daring deeds of Horatio,
while a protagonist of each sex enabled her to exhibit at once examples
of both male and female virtue. And in spite of inherent difficulties,
she succeeded to some extent in showing an interrelation of plots, as
where Dorilaus by going to the north of Ireland to hear the dying
confession of the mother of his children, thereby misses Horatio's
appeal for a ransom, and thus prevents him from rejoining Marlborough's
standard. But there is nothing like Fielding's ingenious linking of
events and careful preparation for the catastrophe, nor did Mrs. Haywood
make much out of the hint of unconscious incest and the foundling motif
which her book has in common with "Tom Jones." Occasionally also she
cannot refrain from inserting a bit of court gossip or an amorous page
in her warmest manner, but the number of intercalated stories is small
indeed compared to that in a romance like "Love in Excess," and they are
usually dismissed in a few paragraphs. Here for the first time the
author has shown some ability to subordinate sensational incident to the
needs of the main plot.
When Mrs. Haywood's inclination or necessities led her back to the novel
four years later, she produced a work upon a still more consistent, if
also more artificial plan than any of her previous attempts. "Life's
Progress through the Passions: or, the Adventures of Natura" avowedly
aims to trace the workings of human emotion. The author's purpose is to
examine in "what manner the passions operate in every stage of life, and
how far the constitution of the _outward frame_ is concerned in the
emotions of the _internal faculties_," for actions which we might admire
or abhor "would lose much of their _eclat_ either way, were the secret
springs that give them motion, seen into with the eyes of philosophy and
reflection." Natura, a sort of Everyman exposed to the variations of
passion, is not the faultless hero of romance, but a mere ordinary
mortal. Indeed, the writer declares that she is "an enemy to all
_romances, novels_, and whatever carries the air of them ... and as it
is a _real_, not _fictitious_ character I am about to present, I think
myself obliged ... to draw him such as he was, not such as some sanguine
imaginations might wish him to have been."
The survey of the passions begins with an account of Natura's birth of
well-to-do but not extraordinary parents, his mother's death, and his
father's second marriage, his attack of the small-pox, his education at
Eton, and his boyish love for his little play-mate, Delia. Later he
becomes more seriously compromised with a woman of the streets, who
lures him into financial engagements. Though locked up by his displeased
father, he manages to escape, finds his lady entertaining another
gallant, and in despair becomes a regular vagabond. Just as he is about
to leave England, his father discovers him and sends him to make the
grand tour under a competent tutor.
In Paris the tutor dies, and the young man is left to the exercise of
his own discretion. Benighted in a wood, he finds shelter in a monastery
of noble ladies, where both the abbess and her sister fall in love with
him. After fluctuating between the two, he tries to elope with the
sister, is foiled by the abbess, and sets off again upon his travels. In
Italy he hears of his father's difficulties and starts for home, but
enters the French service instead. He is involved with a nobleman in an
attempt to abduct a lady from a nunnery, and would have been tortured
had not the jailor's wife eloped with him to England. There he enters
Parliament and is about to contract a fortunate marriage when he
incautiously defends the Chevalier in conversation, fights a duel, and,
although his antagonist is only wounded, he finds his reputation
blighted by the stigma of Jacobitism. After a long illness at Vienna
where he is pestered by Catholic priests, he recovers his health at Spa,
and falls in love with a young English girl. Her parents gladly give
their consent, but Maria seems unaccountably averse to the match. And
when our hero is assaulted by a jealous footman, he perceives that the
lady has fixed her affections on a lower object. Natura on his return to
England prospers and marries happily, but his joy is soon destroyed by
the death of his father and of his wife in giving birth to a son.
Consumed by ambition, the widower then marries the niece of a statesman,
only to discover what misery there is in a luxurious and unvirtuous
wife.
Natura soon experiences the passions of melancholy, grief, and revenge.
His son dies, and his wife's conduct forces him to divorce her. In the
hope of preventing his brother from inheriting his estate he is about to
marry a healthy country girl when he hears that his brother is dead and
that his sister's son is now his heir. Thereupon he buys off his
intended bride. At his sister's house he meets a young matron named
Charlotte, for whom he long entertains a platonic affection, but finally
marries her and has three sons. Thereafter he sinks into a calm and
natural decline and dies in his sixty-third year.
"Thus I have attempted to trace nature in all her mazy windings, and
shew life's progress through the passions, from the cradle to the
grave.--The various adventures which happened to Natura, I thought,
afforded a more ample field, than those of any one man I ever heard,
or read of; and flatter myself, that the reader will find many
instances, that may contribute to rectify his own conduct, by pointing
out those things which ought to be avoided, or at least most carefully
guarded against, and those which are worthy to be improved and
imitated."
The obvious and conventional moral ending and the shreds of romance that
still adhere to the story need not blind us to its unusual features.
Besides insisting upon the necessity for psychological analysis of a
sort, the author here for the first time becomes a genuine novelist in
the sense that her confessed purpose is to depict the actual conditions
of life, not to glorify or idealize them. As Fielding was to do in "Tom
Jones," Mrs. Haywood proclaims the mediocrity of her hero as his most
remarkable quality. Had she been able to make him more than a lay figure
distorted by various passions, she might have produced a real character.
Although at times he seems to be in danger of acquiring the romantic
faculty of causing every woman he meets to fall in love with him, yet
the glamor of his youth is obscured by a peaceful and ordinary old age.
Artificial in design and stilted in execution as the work is, it
nevertheless marks Eliza Haywood's emancipation from the traditions of
the romance.[3]
In "The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless" (1751) she reached the full
fruition of her powers as a novelist. Her heroine, like Natura, is
little more than a "humour" character, whose prevailing fault is denoted
by her surname.[4] Though not fundamentally vicious, her heedless
vanity, inquisitiveness, and vivacity lead her into all sorts of follies
and embarrassments upon her first entry into fashionable life in London.
Among all the suitors who strive to make an impression upon her heart
Mr. Trueworth alone succeeds, but her levity and her disregard of
appearances force him to think her unworthy of his attentions. Meanwhile
her guardian's wife, Lady Mellasin, has been turned out of the house for
an egregious infidelity, and Betsy is left to her own scant discretion.
After somewhat annoying her brothers by receiving men at her lodgings,
she elects under family pressure to marry a Mr. Munden, who quickly
shows himself all that a husband should not be. Eventually she has to
abandon him, but demonstrates her wifely devotion by going back to nurse
him through his last illness. Mr. Trueworth's mate in the interim has
conveniently managed to succumb, his old passion revives, and exactly
upon the anniversary of Mr. Munden's death he arrives in a chariot and
six to claim the fair widow, whose youthful levity has been chastened by
the severe discipline of her unfortunate marriage. Told in an easy and
dilatory style and interspersed with the inevitable little histories and
impassioned letters, the story attained the conventional bulk of four
duodecimo volumes.
As Mr. Austin Dobson has pointed out,[5] Mrs. Haywood's novel is
remarkable for its scant allusions to actual places and persons. Once
mention is made of an appointment "at General Tatten's bench, opposite
Rosamond's pond, in St. James's Park," and once a character refers to
Cuper's Gardens, but except for an outburst of unexplained virulence
directed against Fielding,[6] there is hardly a thought of the
novelist's contemporaries. Here is a change indeed from the method of
the _chronique scandaleuse_, and a restraint to be wondered at when we
remember the worthies caricatured by so eminent a writer as Smollett.
But even more remarkable is the difference of spirit between "Betsy
Thoughtless" and Mrs. Haywood's earlier and briefer romances. The young
_romancière_ who in 1725 could write, "Love is a Topick which I believe
few are ignorant of ... a shady Grove and purling Stream are all Things
that's necessary to give us an Idea of the tender Passion,"[7] had in a
quarter of a century learned much worldly wisdom, and her heroine
likewise is too sophisticated to be moved by the style of love-making
that warmed the susceptible bosoms of Anadea, Filenia, or Placentia. One
of Betsy's suitors, indeed, ventured upon the romantic vein with no very
favorable results.
"'The deity of soft desires,' said he, 'flies the confused glare of
pomp and public shews;--'tis in the shady bowers, or on the banks of a
sweet purling stream, he spreads his downy wings, and wafts his
thousand nameless pleasures on the fond--the innocent and the happy
pair.'
"He was going on, but she interrupted him with a loud laugh. 'Hold,
hold,' cried she; 'was there ever such a romantick description? I
wonder how such silly ideas come into your head--"shady bowers! and
purling streams!"--Heavens, how insipid! Well' (continued she), 'you
may be the Strephon of the woods, if you think fit; but I shall never
envy the happiness of the Chloe that accompanies you in these fine
recesses. What! to be cooped up like a tame dove, only to coo, and
bill, and breed? O, it would be a delicious life, indeed!'"[8]
Thus completely metamorphosed were the heroines of Mrs. Haywood's
maturest fiction. Betsy Thoughtless is not even the innocent, lovely,
and pliable girl typified in Fielding's Sophia Western. She is eminently
hard-headed, inquisitive, and practical, and is justly described by Sir
Walter Raleigh as "own cousin to Roderick Random."[9]
Whether she may be considered also the ancestor of Evelina must briefly
be considered. Dunlop, who apparently originated the idea that "Betsy
Thoughtless" might have suggested the plan of Miss Burney's novel,
worked out an elaborate parallel between the plots and some of the chief
characters of the two compositions.[10] Both, as he pointed out, begin
with the launching of a young girl on the great and busy stage of life
in London. Each heroine has much to endure from the vulgar manners of a
Lady Mellasin or a Madam Duval, and each is annoyed by the malice and
impertinence of a Miss Flora or the Misses Branghton. Through their
inexperience in the manners of the world and their heedlessness or
ignorance of ceremony both young ladies are mortified by falling into
embarrassing and awkward predicaments. Both in the same way alarm the
delicacy and almost alienate the affections of their chosen lovers. "The
chief perplexity of Mr. Trueworth, the admirer of Miss Thoughtless,
arose from meeting her in company with Miss Forward, who had been her
companion at a boarding-school, and of whose infamous character she was
ignorant. In like manner the delicacy of Lord Orville is wounded, and
his attachment shaken, by meeting his Evelina in similar society at
Vauxhall. The subsequent visit and counsel of the lovers to their
mistresses is seen, however, in a very different point of view by the
heroines." The likeness between the plots of the two novels is indeed
sufficiently striking to attract the attention of an experienced hunter
for literary parallels, but unfortunately there is no external evidence
to show that Miss Burney ever read her predecessor's work. One need only
compare any two parallel characters, the common profligate, Lady
Mellasin, for instance, with the delightfully coarse Madam Duval, to see
how little the author of "Evelina" could have learned from the pages of
Mrs. Haywood.
But if it deserves scant credit as a model for Miss Burney's infinitely
more delicate art, "Betsy Thoughtless" should still be noticed as an
early attempt to use the substance of everyday life as material for
fiction. It has been called with some justice the first domestic novel
in the language. Although the exact definition of a domestic novel
nowhere appears, the term may be understood--by expanding the French
_roman à la tasse de thé_--as meaning a realistic piece of fiction in
which the heroine serves as chief protagonist, and which can be read
with a teacup in one hand without danger of spilling the tea. Mrs.
Haywood indeed drew upon her old stock of love scenes tender or
importunate, duels, marital disputes, and elopements to lend interest to
her story, but except for the mock-marriage with a scoundrelly valet
from which the imprudent Betsy is rescued in the nick of time by her
former lover, no passage in the four volumes recommends itself
particularly either to sense or to sensibility. There are few high
lights in "Betsy Thoughtless"; the story keeps the even and loquacious
tenor of its way after a fashion called insipid by the "Monthly Review,"
though the critic finally acknowledges the difficulty of the task, if
not the success of the writer. "In justice to [our author], however,
this may be further observed, that no other hand would, probably, have
more happily finished a work begun on such a plan, as that of the
history of a young inconsiderate girl, whose little foibles, without any
natural vices of the mind, involve her in difficulties and distresses,
which, by correcting, make her wiser, and deservedly happy in the end. A
heroine like this, cannot but lay her historian under much disadvantage;
for tho' such an example may afford lessons of prudence, yet how can we
greatly interest ourselves in the fortune of one, whose character and
conduct are neither amiable nor infamous, and which we can neither
admire, nor love, nor pity, nor be diverted with? Great spirit in the
writer, and uncommon beauties in the expression, are certainly necessary
to supply the deficiency of such a barren foundation."[11] Neither of
the latter qualities was at the command of the "female pen" that
composed "Betsy Thoughtless," but in spite of the handicap imposed by
the plan of her work and the deficiencies of her genius, she produced a
novel at once realistic and readable. Without resorting to the dramatic
but inherently improbable plots by which Richardson made his writings at
once "the joy of the chambermaids of all nations"[12] and something of a
laughing stock to persons capable of detecting their absurdities, Mrs.
Haywood preserved his method of minute fidelity to actual life and still
made her book entertaining to such a connoisseur of fiction as Lady Mary
Wortley Montagu.[13]Though rarely mentioned with entire approbation,
"Betsy Thoughtless" was widely read for fifty years after its
publication,[14] and undoubtedly deserves its place among the best of
the minor novels collected in Harrison's "Novelist's Library."
In the same useful repertory of eighteenth century fiction is the second
of Mrs. Haywood's domestic novels, only less famous than its
predecessor. Like her earlier effort, too, "The History of Jemmy and
Jenny Jessamy" (1753) contains a great number of letters quoted at full
length, though the narrative is usually retarded rather than developed
by these effusions. Yet all the letters, together with numerous
digressions and inserted narratives, serve only to fill out three
volumes in twelves. To readers whose taste for fiction has been cloyed
by novels full of incident, movement, and compression, nothing could be
more maddening than the leisurely footpace at which the story drags its
slow length along. No wonder, then, that Scott recorded his abhorrence
of the "whole Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy tribe," while to Coleridge and
Thackeray "Jemmy Jessamy stuff" was a favorite synonym for the emotional
inane.[15] But Mrs. Haywood made no pretense of interesting such
readers. In the running fire of comment on the narrative contained in
the lengthy chapter headings she confesses that her book "treats only on
such matters as, it is highly probable, some readers will be apt to say
might have been recited in a more laconick manner, if not totally
omitted; but as there are others, the author imagines much the greater
number, who may be of a different opinion, it is judged proper that the
majority should be obliged." She has no hesitation either in
recommending parts of the story that "cannot fail of giving an agreeable
sensation to every honest and good-natured reader," or in sparing him a
"digression of no consequence to the history" which may be "read or
omitted at discretion." But those who love to "read in an easy-chair,
either soon after dinner, or at night just going to rest," will find in
the tale "such things as the author is pretty well convinced, from a
long series of observations on the human mind, will afford more pleasure
than offence."
We have every reason to believe that what the novelist terms her
"distressful narrative" succeeded in its appeal to the Martha Buskbodys
of the generation, for even Goethe's Charlotte took a heartfelt interest
in the fortunes of Miss Jenny.[18] It was indeed so far calculated to
stir the sensibilities that a most touching turn in the lovers' affairs
is labeled "not fit to be read by those who have tender hearts or watry
eyes." But though popular with sentimental readers, the new production
was not wholly approved by the critic of the "Monthly Review."[17] He
finds the character and conduct of Miss Jessamy more interesting to the
reader than those of Miss Thoughtless, but he does not fail to point out
that the fable is equally deficient in plot and in natural incidents.
The history, in fact, though it does not want a hero, having like "The
Fortunate Foundlings" double the usual number of protagonists, has a
more uncommon want, that of a story.
When the novel begins, Jemmy, son of a landed gentleman, and his cousin
Jenny, daughter of a wealthy merchant, have long been affianced by their
respective parents, but each is left an orphan before their union can be
accomplished. Thereupon Jemmy leaves Oxford and comes up to London,
where he and Jenny indulge innocently, but with keen relish, in the
pleasures of the town.
But the numerous instances of marital levity and unhappiness that come
to their notice, make them decide to defer their marriage until they
have gained more knowledge of the world and of their own sentiments. In
pursuance of this delicate experiment each communicates to the other his
observations on the jealousy, discontent, and misery attending marriage.
Jenny notes how Mrs. Marlove's partiality for her froward maid promotes
discord in the family, and Jemmy is shocked to find the fair Liberia so
fond of cards that "though at present a profest enemy to religion, she
would be the greatest devotee imaginable, were she once persuaded there
were gaming-tables in heaven."
While the two lovers are thus engaged in a pleasant but indecisive daily
round of amusement, Bellpine, a false friend, tries to turn Jemmy's
affection to the fair musician, Miss Chit, in order to win Jenny for
himself, but failing in that, circulates rumors of Jemmy's attachment to
Miss Chit in hopes of alienating the lovers' regard. Emboldened by these
reports of Jemmy's change of heart, Sir Robert Manley pays his court to
Jenny on her way to Bath with her friends Miss Wingman and Lady Speck,
but she gently repulses him and will believe nothing to Jemmy's
disadvantage. She is saved from the rudeness of Celandine by the
intrusion of the gallant's jealous mistress, who faints when foiled in
her attempt to stab Jenny, but later relates the story of her ruin. This
narrative is enough to disgust Lady Speck with her foppish admirer and
to make her sensible of the merits of Mr. Lovegrove. In spite of
Bellpine's industrious slander and in spite of seemingly
incontrovertible proof of Jemmy's inconstancy, Jenny's faith in her
lover remains unshaken. After tedious delays he finally rejoins her in
London, but learning the full extent of Bellpine's treachery, he wounds
him seriously in a duel and is obliged to seek safety in France. After
causing the lovers untold anxiety, the injured man recovers, and Jenny
forestalls her lover's return by joining her friends on their wedding
journey to Paris. There she finds her adored Jessamy now fully sensible
of the merits of his treasure. He does not fail to press for a speedy
termination to their delays, and Jenny is not unwilling to crown his
love by a "happy catastrophe."
Besides being unwarrantably expanded by a wealth of tedious detail, the
novel has little merit as a piece of realism. The society of Lord
Humphreys and Lady Specks was not that in which Eliza Haywood commonly
moved, but she had lived upon the skirts of gay life long enough to
imitate its appearances. Although she exhibits the diamond tassels
sparkling in St. James's sun or the musk and amber that perfume the
Mall, she never penetrates beyond externalities. The sentiments of her
characters are as inflated as those of a Grandison and her picture of
refined society as ridiculously stilted as Richardson's own. The scene
whether in London, Bath, Oxford, or Paris, is described with more
attention to specific detail than appeared in her early romances, but
compared with the setting of "Humphrey Clinker" her glittering world
appears pale and unreal. Mrs. Haywood had so framed her style to suit
the short, rapid tale of passion that she never moved easily in the
unwieldy novel form. Consequently her best narrative is to be found in
the digressions, a chapter or two long, which are equivalent to little
histories upon the old model. In them the progress of the action is
unimpeded, compressed, and at times even sprightly.
Recognizing, perhaps, her inability to cope with a plot of any extent,
Mrs. Haywood adopted in her next novel a plan that permitted her to
include a pot-pourri of short narratives, conversations, letters,
reflections, and miscellaneous material without damaging the
comprehensive scheme of her story. Except that it lacks the consistent
purpose of traducing the fair fame of her contemporaries,[18] "The
Invisible Spy" (1755), written under the pseudonym of "Exploralibus," is
not essentially different in structure from the "Memoirs of a Certain
Island." Love is still the theme of most of the anecdotes, no longer the
gross passion that proves every woman at heart a rake, but rather a
romantic tenderness that inclines lovely woman to stoop to folly. From
the world of Lady Mellasin, Harriot Loveit, Mr. Trueworth, Lord Huntley,
Miss Wingman, and other Georgian fashionables that filled the pages of
"Betsy Thoughtless" and "Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy" we are transported
again to the pale company of Celadon, Alinda, Placentia, Adario,
Melanthe. A framework analogous to that in Le Sage's "Le Diable Boiteux"
takes the place of a plot. With a belt of invisibility and a recording
tablet, Exploralibus is able to collect whatever is affecting,
ludicrous, vicious, or otherwise noteworthy in the conversation,
actions, and manners of society. But the shadowy nature of the observer
fails to give to the necessarily disconnected incidents even the slight
unity possible in the adventures of a lap-dog, a cat, a mouse, a flea,
or a guinea. The contents of a single section of "The Invisible Spy" is
enough to show how little thought the author expended upon the sequence
of the narrative.
Book VI. Disguised as her husband, a villain carries off the young
Matilda from a masquerade and ruins her. Alexis sends her away to the
country and endeavors to forget her in the pleasures of the town. The
contents of a lady's pocket:--a catalogue of imaginary books attributed
to the initials of well known persons of quality; two letters, the first
from Philetes to excuse his attendance, and the other from Damon making
an appointment on the spot where the pocket was found. The foppish Miss
Loiter is contrasted with the well trained children of Amadea. Narcissa,
endeavoring to avoid marriage with the detested Oakly, is entrapped by
the brother of her waiting-maid, who though only a common soldier, poses
as Captain Pike.
Though the novel exhibits some pictures of life which at the time were
considered natural,[19] and some bits of satire rather extravagant than
striking, its appearance was a tacit admission of the failing of the
author's powers. Much experience of human nature Mrs. Haywood had
undoubtedly salvaged from her sixty years of buffeting about in the
world, but so rapid and complete had been the development of prose
fiction during her literary life that she was unable quite to comprehend
the magnitude of the change. Her early training in romance writing had
left too indelible a stamp upon her mind. She was never able to
apprehend the full possibilities of the newer fiction, and her success
as a novelist was only an evidence of her ability to create the image of
a literary form without mastering its technique. So at the maturity of
her powers she lacked a vessel worthy of holding the stores of her
experience, and first and last she never exceeded the permutations of
sensationalism possible in the short amatory romance.
Long after Mrs. Haywood's death in 1756 came out the last novel
presumably of her composing. "The History of Leonora Meadowson,"
published in two volumes in 1788, is but a recombination of materials
already familiar to the reading public. Leonora rashly yields to the
wishes of her first lover, weds another, and makes yet a second
experiment in matrimony before she finds her true mate in the faithful
Fleetwood, whom she had thought inconstant. Thus she is a near relation
of the thoughtless Betsy, and possibly a descendant of the much married
heroine of "Cleomelia." Another of Mrs. Haywood's earlier fictions, "The
Agreeable Caledonian," had previously been used as the basis of a
revision entitled "Clementina" (1768). The reviewer of "Leonora" in the
"Critical," though aware of the novel's shortcomings, still laments the
passing of "the author of Betsy Thoughtless, our first guide in these
delusive walks of fiction and fancy."[20]
"The spirit which dictated Betsy Thoughtless is evaporated; the fire
of the author scarcely sparkles. Even two meagre volumes could not be
filled, without a little History of Melinda Fairfax;--without the Tale
of Cornaro and the Turk,--a tale told twice, in verse and prose,--a
tale already often published, and as often read. Alas, poor author! we
catch with regret thy parting breath."
FOOTNOTES
[1]
A rival translation called _The Fortunate Countrymaid_ had already been
published in 1740-1, and may be read in the seventh tome of _The
Novelist's Magazine_ (Harrison). Clara Reeve speaks of both translations
as "well known to the readers of Circulating Libraries." _Progress of
Romance_ (1785), I, 130.
[2]
Austin Dobson, _Eighteenth Century Vignettes_, First Series, 44.
"Captain Coram's Charity."
[3]
In one other respect Natura belongs to the new rather than to the old
school: he takes genuine delight in the wilder beauties of the
landscape. "Whether you climb the craggy mountains or traverse the
flowery vale; whether thick woods set limits to the sight, or the wide
common yields unbounded prospect; whether the ocean rolls in solemn
state before you, or gentle streams run purling by your side, nature in
all her different shapes delights.... The stupendous mountains of the
Alps, after the plains and soft embowered recesses of Avignon, gave
perhaps a no less grateful sensation to the mind of Natura." Such
extraordinary appreciation in an age that regarded mountains as
frightful excrescences upon the face of nature, makes the connoisseur of
the passions a pioneer of the coming age rather than a survival of the
last.
[4]
J. Ireland and J. Nichols, _Hogarth's Works_, Second Series, 31, note.
"Mrs. Haywood's _Betsy Thoughtless_ was in MS entitled _Betsy Careless_;
but, from the infamy at that time annexed to the name, had a new
baptism." The "inimitable Betsy Careless" is sufficiently immortalized
in Fielding's _Amelia_, in Mrs. Charke's _Life_, and in Hogarth's
_Marriage à la Mode_, Plate III.
[5]
Austin Dobson, _Eighteenth Century Vignettes_, Third Series, 99.
[6]
"There were no plays, no operas, no masquerades, no balls, no publick
shews, except at the Little Theatre in the Hay Market, then known by the
name of F----g's scandal shop, because he frequently exhibited there
certain drolls, or, more properly, invectives against the ministry; in
doing which it appears extremely probable that he had two views; the one
to get money, which he very much wanted, from such as delighted in low
humour, and could not distinguish true satire from scurrility; and the
other, in the hope of having some post given him by those he had abused,
in order to silence his dramatick talent. But it is not my business to
point either the merit of that gentleman's performances, or the motives
he had for writing them, as the town is perfectly acquainted both with
his abilities and success, and has since seen him, with astonishment,
wriggle himself into favour, by pretending to cajole those he had not
the power to intimidate." _The Novelist's Magazine_, XIII, 23. Quoted by
Austin Dobson, _Op. cit._, 100.
[7]
Dedication of _The Fatal Secret_.
[8]
_The Novelist's Magazine_, XIII, 106. Quoted by W. Forsyth, _Novels and
Novelists of the Eighteenth Century_ (1871), 211.
[9]
W. Raleigh, _The English Novel_ (Fifth edition, 1910), 139.
[10]
J.C. Dunlop, _History of Prose Fiction_, edited by H. Wilson, II, 568.
[11]
_Monthly Review_, V, 393, October, 1751.
[12]
_Letters from the Lady Mary Wortley Montagu_, Everyman edition, 392.
[13]
_Letters from the Lady Mary Wortley Montagu_, Everyman edition, 457.
[14]
_Notes and Queries_, Series VIII, IX, 366. In Smollett's _Ferdinand
Count Fathom_, Chap. XXXIX, Captain Miniken recommends as "modern
authors that are worth reading" the _Adventures of Loveill, Lady Frail,
Bampfylde Moore Carew, Young Scarron_, and _Miss Betsy Thoughtless_. See
also A.L. Barbauld, _Correspondence of Samuel Richardson_ (1804), IV,
55-6, and the _Autobiography and Correspondence of Mary Granville, Mrs.
Delaney_ (1861), First series, III, 79, 214.
[15]
J.G. Lockhart, _Life of Scott_, Everyman edition, 34. Coleridge's
_Letters_, I, 368.
[16]
W. Scott, _Old Mortality_, Conclusion. Goethe's _Werke_ (E. Schmidt,
Leipsig, 1910), III, 17.
[17]
That the _Monthly's_ review of _Betsy Thoughtless_, complaining of that
novel's lack of "those entertaining introductory chapters, and
digressive essays, which distinguish the works of a _Fielding_, a
_Smollett_, or the author of _Pompey_ the little," rankled in the fair
novelist's memory is illustrated by a retort in her next work, _Jemmy
and Jenny Jessamy_, III, Chap. XVIII, which "contains none of those
beautiful digressions, those remarks or reflections, which a certain
would-be critick pretends are so much distinguished in the writings of
his two favorite authors; yet it is to be hoped, will afford sufficient
to please all those who are willing to be pleased." For the review of
_Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy_, see _Monthly Review_, VIII, 77.
[18]
A possible return to scandal-mongering should be noted. _Letters from
the Lady Mary Wortley Montagu_, Everyman edition, 461. "You should have
given me a key to the Invisible Spy, particularly to the catalogue of
books in it. I know not whether the conjugal happiness of the D. of B.
[Duke of Bedford] is intended as a compliment or an irony."
[19]
_Gentleman's Magazine_, XXIV, 560, December 1754.
[20]
_Critical Review_, LXV; 236, March 1788.
CHAPTER VIII
CONCLUSION
Though Eliza Haywood produced nothing which the world has not willingly
let die, yet at least the obituary of her works deserves to be recorded
in the history of fiction. Of the many kinds of writing attempted by her
during the thirty-six years of her literary adventuring none, considered
absolutely, is superior to the novels of her last period. "Betsy
Thoughtless" contains at once her best developed characters, most
extensive plot, and most nearly realistic setting. But before it was
sent to press in 1751, Richardson, Fielding, and Sarah Fielding had
established themselves in public favor, and Smollett was already known
as their peer. Even in company with "David Simple" Eliza Haywood's most
notable effort could not hope to shine. The value, then, of what is, all
in all, her best work is greatly lessened by the obvious inferiority of
her productions to the masterpieces of the age. As a writer of amatory
romances and scandal novels, on the contrary, Mrs. Haywood was surpassed
by none of her contemporaries. The immense reputation that she acquired
in her own day has deservedly vanished, for though her tales undoubtedly
helped to frame the novel of manners, they were properly discarded as
useless lumber when once the new species of writing had taken tangible
form. Perhaps they are chiefly significant to the modern student, not as
revealing now and then the first feeble stirrings of realism, but as
showing the last throes of sensational extravagance. The very extreme to
which writers of the Haywoodian type carried breathless adventure, warm
intrigue, and soul-thrilling passion exhausted the possibilities of
their method and made progress possible only in a new direction.
On the technical development of the modern novel the _roman à clef_ can
hardly have exercised a strong influence. Nor can the lampoons in Mrs.
Haywood's anthologies of scandal be valued highly as attempts to
characterize. To draw a portrait from the life is not to create a
character, still less when the lines are distorted by satire. But the
caricaturing of fine ladies and gentlemen cannot have been without
effect as a corrective to the glittering atmosphere of courtly life that
still permeated the pages of the short, debased romances. The characters
of the scandal novels were still princes and courtiers, but their
exploits were more licentious than the lowest pothouse amours of picaros
and their doxies. The chivalrous conventions of the heroic romances had
degenerated into the formalities of gallantry, the exalted modesty of
romantic heroines had sunk into a fearful regard for shaky reputations,
and the picture of genteel life was filled with scenes of fraud,
violence, and vice. As the writers of anti-romances in the previous
century had found a delicately malicious pleasure in exhibiting
characters drawn from humble and rustic life performing the ceremonies
and professing the sentiments of a good breeding foreign to their social
position, so the scandal-mongering authors like Mrs. Haywood helped to
make apparent the hollowness of the aristocratic conventions even as
practiced by the aristocracy and the incongruity of applying exalted
ideals derived from an outworn system of chivalry to everyday ladies and
gentleman of the Georgian age. Undoubtedly the writers of _romans à
clef_ did not bargain for this effect, for they clung to their princes
and court ladies till the last, leaving to more able pens the task of
making heroes and heroines out of cobblers and kitchen wenches. But in
representing people of quality as the "vilest and silliest part of the
nation" Mrs. Haywood and her ilk prepared their readers to welcome
characters drawn from their own station in society, and paved the way
for that "confounding of all ranks and making a jest of order," which,
though deplored by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu,[1] was nevertheless a
condition of progress toward realism.
Quite apart from the slight merit of her writings, the very fact of Mrs.
Haywood's long career as a woman of letters would entitle her to much
consideration. About the middle of the seventeenth century women
romancers, like women poets, were elegant triflers, content to add the
lustre of wit to their other charms. While Mme de La Fayette was gaining
the plaudits of the urbane world for the _délicatesse_ of "La Princesse
de Clèves" and the eccentric Duchess of Newcastle was employing her
genius upon the fantastic, philosophical "Description of a New World,
called the Blazing World" (1668), women of another stamp were beginning
to write fiction. With the advent of Mme de Villedieu in France and her
more celebrated contemporary, Mrs. Behn, in England, literature became a
profession whereby women could command a livelihood. The pioneer
_romancières_ were commonly adventuresses in life as in letters, needy
widows like Mrs. Behn, Mme de Gomez, and Mrs. Mary Davys, or cast
mistresses like Mme de Villedieu, Mile de La Force, and Mrs. Manley, who
cultivated Minerva when Venus proved unpropitious. But although the
divine Astraea won recognition from easy-going John Dryden and
approbation from the profligate wits of Charles II's court, her memory
was little honored by the coterie about Pope and Swift. When even the
lofty ideals and trenchant style of Mary Astell served as a target for
the ridicule of Mr. Bickerstaff 's friends,[2] it was not remarkable
that such authoresses as Mrs. Manley and Mrs. Haywood should be
dismissed from notice as infamous scribbling women.[3] Inded
[Transcriber's note: sic] the position of women novelists was anything
but assured at the beginning of the eighteenth century. They had to
support the disfavor and even the malign attacks of established men of
letters who scouted the pretensions of the inelegant to literary fame,
and following the lead of Boileau, discredited the romance as absurd and
unclassical. Moreover, the moral soundness of fictitious fables was
questioned by scrupulous readers, and the amatory tales turned out in
profusion by most of the female romancers were not calculated to
reassure the pious, even though prefaced by assertions of didactic aim
and tagged with an exemplary moral. Nevertheless the tribe of women who
earned their living chiefly by the proceeds of their pens rapidly
increased.[4]
Mrs. Haywood, as we have seen, looked to the booksellers for support
when her husband disclaimed her. Of all the amazons of prose fiction who
in a long struggle with neglect and disparagement demonstrated the
fitness of their sex to follow the novelist's calling, none was more
persistent, more adaptable, or more closely identified with the
development of the novel than she. Mrs. Behn and Mrs. Manley must be
given credit as pioneers in fiction, but much of their best work was
written for the stage. Eliza Haywood, on the other hand, added little to
her reputation by her few dramatic performances. She achieved her
successes first and last as a writer of romances and novels, and unlike
Mrs. Aubin and her other rivals continued to maintain her position as a
popular author over a considerable period of time. During the thirty-six
years of her activity the romances of Defoe and of Mrs. Jane Barker gave
place to the novels of Richardson, Fielding, and Smollett, yet the
"female veteran" kept abreast of the changes in the taste of her public
and even contributed slightly to produce them. Nor was her progress
accomplished without numerous difficulties and discouragements. In spite
of all, however, Mrs. Haywood remained devoted to her calling and was
still scribbling when the great Dr. Johnson crowned the brows of Mrs.
Charlotte Lennox to celebrate the publication of "The Life of Harriot
Stuart" (1750). After such recognition a career in letters was open to
women without reproach. Though unlaureled by any lexicographer, and
despised by the virtuous Mrs. Lennox,[5] Mrs. Haywood, nevertheless, had
done yeoman service in preparing the way for modest Fanny Burney and
quiet Jane Austen. Moreover she was the only one of the old tribe of
_romancières_ who survived to join the new school of lady novelists, and
in her tabloid fiction rather than in the criminal biography, or the
_voyage imaginaire_, or the periodical essay, may best be studied the
obscure but essential link between the "voluminous extravagances" of the
"Parthenissa" kind and the hardly less long-winded histories of "Pamela"
and "Clarissa."
FOOTNOTES
[1]
_Letters from the Lady Mary Wortley Montagu_, Everyman edition, 422.
[2]
_Tatler_, Nos. 32, 59, 63.
[3]
See also Horace Walpole, _Letters_, edited by Mrs. P. Toynbee, I, 354.
[4]
Only rarely did women like Mary Astell or Mrs. Elizabeth Rowe become
authors to demonstrate a theory or to inculcate principles of piety, and
still more seldom did such creditable motives lead to the writing of
fiction. Perhaps the only one of the _romancières_ not dependent in some
measure upon the sale of her works was Mrs. Penelope Aubin, who in the
Preface to _Charlotta Du Pont_ (dedicated to Mrs. Rowe) declares, "My
Design in writing, is to employ my leisure Hours to some Advantage to my
self and others ... I do not write for Bread."
[5]
The salacious landlady in Mrs. Lennox's _Henrietta_ tries to discourage
the heroine from reading _Joseph Andrews_ by recommending Mrs. Haywood's
works, "... 'there is Mrs. Haywood's Novels, did you ever read them?
Oh! they are the finest love-sick, passionate stories; I assure you,
you'll like them vastly: pray take a volume of Haywood upon my
recommendation.'--'Excuse me,' said Henrietta," etc. _The Novelist's
Magazine_ (Harrison), XXIII, 14.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
A LIST OF MRS. HAYWOOD'S WRITINGS
I. COLLECTED WORKS
A. The Works of Mrs. Eliza Haywood; Consisting of Novels, Letters,
Poems, and Plays.... In Four Volumes. For D. Browne Junr., and S.
Chapman. 1724. 8vo. 4 vols.
Vol. I. Love in Excess, ed. 5; Vol. II. The British Recluse, ed. 2,
The Injur'd Husband, ed. 2, The Fair Captive, ed. 2 (ed. I, Chicago);
Vol. III. Idalia, ed. 2, Letters from a Lady of Quality to a
Chevalier, ed. 2; Vol. IV. Lasselia, ed. 2, The Rash Resolve, ed. 2, A
Wife to be Lett, Poems on Several Occasions.
B.M. (12611. ce. 20). University of Chicago. Daily Journal, 12
Aug. 1723, 3 vols.; 31 Jan. 1724, 4 vols.
B. Secret Histories, Novels and Poems. In Four Volumes. Written by Mrs.
Eliza Haywood.... For D. Browne, Jun., and S. Chapman. 1725. 12mo. 4
vols.
Daily Journal, 23 Dec. 1724, "just published."
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, Jun., and S.
Chapman. 1725. 12mo. 4 vols.
Vol. I. Love in Excess, ed. 6; Vol. II. The British Recluse, ed. 3,
The Injur'd Husband, ed. 3, Poems on Several Occasions, ed. 2; Vol.
III. Idalia, ed. 3, The Surprise, ed. 2, The Fatal Secret, ed. 3.
Fantomina; Vol. IV. The Rash Resolve, ed. 3, The Masqueraders,
Lasselia, The Force of Nature.
B.M. (12612. ce. 8). Yale. Daily Post, 6 Aug. 1725, "lately
published."
[Another issue of Vols. II, III.] For D. Browne, jun., and S. Chapman.
1725. 12mo. 2 vols.
Vol. I is a duplicate of Vol. III, Vol. II of Vol. II of the preceding
issue.
B.M. (12614. c. 14).
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For A. Bettesworth and C. Hitch,
D. Browne, T. Astley, and T. Green. 1732. 12mo. 4 vols.
B.M. (012612. df. 48).
[Another edition.] The Fourth Edition. For R. Ware, S. Birt, D.
Browne, C. Hitch, S. Austen. 1742. 12mo. 4 vols.
B. M. (12614. e. 13).
C. Secret Histories, Novels, &c. Written or translated by Mrs. Eliza
Haywood. Printed since the Publication of the four Volumes of her Works.
For D. Browne. 2 vols.
Vol. I. The Distrest Orphan, The City Jilt, The Double Marriage,
Letters from the Palace of Fame, The Lady's Philosopher's Stone; Vol.
II. Memoirs of the Baron de Brosse, 2 parts, Bath-Intrigues, The
Masqueraders, Part II, The Perplex'd Dutchess.
Daily Post, 2 Nov. 1727.
D. Haywood's (Mrs.) Select Collection of Novels and Histories. Written
by the most celebrated Authors, in several languages. All new translated
from the originals, by several hands. London. 1729. 12mo. 6 vols.
Sir George Cockrane, Catalogue of the Library at Abbotsford, 1838,
Maitland Club, Vol. XLV, p. 139. I have not found a copy of this
work.
II. SINGLE WORKS
1. Adventures of Eovaai, Princess of Ijaveo. A Pre-Adamitical History.
Interspersed with a great Number of remarkable Occurrences, which
happened, and may again happen, to several Empires, Kingdoms,
Republicks, and particular Great Men. With some Account of the Religion,
Laws, Customs, and Policies of those Times. Written originally in the
Language of Nature, (of later Years but little understood.) First
translated into Chinese, at the command of the Emperor, by a Cabal of
Seventy Philosophers; and now retranslated into English, by the Son of a
Mandarin, residing in London. For S. Baker. 1736. 12mo.
Dedicated to the Duchess Dowager of Marlborough.
Bodl. (250. q. 232). Gentleman's Magazine, July 1736.
[Another issue.] The Unfortunate Princess, or, the Ambitious
Statesman. Containing the Life and Surprizing Adventures of the
Princess of Ijaveo. Interspers'd with several curious and entertaining
Novels. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood. For T. Wright. 1741. 12mo.
B.M. (12604. bb. 20). Columbia. Gentleman's Magazine, Nov. 1740.
2. The Agreeable Caledonian: or, Memoirs of Signiora di Morella, a Roman
Lady, Who made her Escape from a Monastery at Viterbo, for the Love of a
Scots Nobleman. Intermix'd with many other Entertaining little Histories
and Adventures which presented themselves to her in the Course of her
Travels, etc. For R. King: And sold by W. Meadows, T. Green, J. Stone,
J. Jackson, and J. Watson. 1728, 1729. 8vo.
The Dedication to Lady Elizabeth Henley is signed Eliza Haywood.
Bodl. (Godw. Pamph. 2121/6, 7). Peabody Institute, Baltimore. Part
I. Daily Post, 21 June 1728. Part II. Daily Journal, 10 Jan. 1729.
[Another issue.] Clementina; or the History of an Italian Lady, who
made her Escape from a Monastery, for the Love of a Scots Nobleman.
For Noble. 1768. 12mo.
Monthly Review, May 1768.
3. The Arragonian Queen. A Secret History. For J. Roberts.
Dedicated to Lady Prances Lumley.
Daily Journal, 11 Aug. 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Roberts. 1724. 8vo.
University of Chicago. Daily Post, 16 Oct. 1724.
[Another edition?] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, and sold by E.
Nutt.
Daily Post, 4 Jan. 1727, "lately published, written by Mrs. Eliza
Haywood."
4. Bath-Intrigues: in four Letters to a Friend in London.... For J.
Roberts. 1725. 8vo.
Letters signed J.B. Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's
additional Works, 1727.
B.M. (1080. i. 42). Daily Post, 16 Oct. 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition?
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For J. Roberts. 1725.
Daily Post, 5 March 1725.
5. La Belle Assemblée: or, the Adventures of Six Days. Being a Curious
Collection of Remarkable Incidents which happen'd to some of the First
Quality in France. Written in French for the Entertainment of the King,
and dedicated to him By Madam de Gomez. Translated into English.
Compleat, in Three Parts. For D. Browne, jun., and S. Chapman.
From the French of Madeleine Angélique Poisson de Gomez.
Part I. Daily Journal, 26 Aug. 1724. Part II. Daily Journal, 26
Oct. 1724. Part III. Daily Post, 9 Dec. 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. Compleat, in Three Parts. For
D. Browne junr.; and S. Chapman. 1725. 8vo. 3 vols.
B.M. (12511. f. 25). Daily Journal, 21 June 1725.
[Another volume.] The 2d and last volume. For D. Browne, S. Chapman,
and W. Bickerton.
The three parts first issued comprise Vol. I, ed. 2.
Daily Journal, 27 July 1726.
[Another edition.] La Belle Assemblée; or, the Adventures of Twelve
Days.... The Second Edition, Adorn'd with Copper-Plates. For D.
Browne, W. Bickerton, and W. Pote. 1728. 12mo. 2 vols.
B.M. (635. a. 27, 28). Daily Post, 4 March 1728.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, W. Bickerton, T.
Astley, and F. Cogan. 1735. 12mo. 4 vols.
B.M. (12512. c. 12), Vol. IV only.
[Another edition.] The Third Edition?
[Another edition.] The Fourth Edition. For J. Brotherton, J. Hazard,
W. Meadows, T. Cox, W. Hinchcliffe, D. Browne, W. Bickerton, T.
Astley, S. Austen, L. Gilliver, R. Willock, and F. Cogan. 1736. 12mo.
4 vols.
B.M. (12512. c. 12), Vols. I-III only.
[Another edition.] The Fifth Edition. For D. Browne, etc. 1743. 12mo.
4 vols.
Boston Public Library.
[Another edition.] The Sixth Edition. For D. Browne, J. Brotherton, W.
Meadows, R. Ware, H. Lintot, T. Cox, T. Astley, S. Austen, J. Hodges,
and E. Comins. 1749. 12mo. 4 vols.
Brown University.
[Another edition.] The Seventh Edition. 1754. 12mo. 4 vols.
Malkan Catalogue.
[Another edition.] The Eighth Edition. For H. Woodfall, W. Strahan, J.
Rivington, E. Horsfield, G. Keith, W. Nichol, C. and R. Ware, M.
Richardson, J. and T. Pote, and T. Burnet. 1765. 12mo. 4 vols.
B.M. (12330. f. 17). Boston Public Library.
6. The British Recluse: or, the Secret History of Cleomira, Suppos'd
Dead. A Novel.... By Mrs. Eliza Haywood, Author of Love in Excess; or,
the Fatal Enquiry. For D. Browne, Jun; W. Chetwood and J. Woodman; and
S. Chapman. 1722. 8vo.
Boston Public Library. Daily Post, 16 April 1722.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, Jun., W.
Chetwood and J. Woodman, and S. Chapman. 1722. 8vo.
B.M. (635. f. 11/4). Daily Conrant, 24 Dec. 1722.
The third and fourth editions are a part of Secret Histories,
etc., 1725, 1732.
[Another edition.] The British Recluse.... And The Injur'd Husband:
Or, The Mistaken Resentment. Two Novels. Written by Mrs. Eliza
Haywood.... The Third Edition. Dublin: For J. Watts. 1724. 8vo.
B.M. (12611. f. 10).
7. The City Jilt: or, the Alderman turn'd Beau. A Secret History.... For
J. Roberts. 1726.
Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's additional Works, 1727.
Daily Journal, 24 June 1726.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Roberts. 1726. 8vo.
B.M. (012611. e. 13). Daily Post, 30 Sept. 1726, "a new edition."
[A pirated edition?] Printed by T. Bailey, at the Ship and Crown,
Leadenhall-street, where Tradesmans Bills are printed at the
Letter-press, and off Copper-plates, [**Symbol: three asterisks] Where
Maredant's Antiscorbutic Drops are Sold at Six Shillings the Bottle,
which Cures the most inveterate Scurvy, Leprosy, &c. [n.d.]
B.M. (12611. ee. 3).
CLEMENTINA, see The Agreeable Caledonian.
8. Cleomelia: or, the Generous Mistress. Being the Secret History of a
Lady Lately arriv'd from Bengall, A Kingdom in the East-Indies. By Mrs.
Eliza Haywood. To which is added, I. The Lucky Rape: Or, Fate the Best
Disposer. II. The Capricious Lover: Or, No Trifling with a Woman.... For
J. Millan, and sold by J. Roberts, T. Astley, W. Meadows, J. Mackeuen,
H. Northcock. 1727. 8vo.
Daily Post, 5 Dec. 1726.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Millan, and sold by J.
Roberts, H. Northcock. 1727. 8vo.
Bodl. (Godw. Pamph. 1308).
9. Dalinda: or, the Double Marriage. Being the Genuine History of a very
Recent, and Interesting Adventure. Addressed to all the Young and Gay of
both Sexes.... For C. Corbett, and G. Woodfall. 1749. 12mo.
Probably by Mrs. Haywood.
B.M. (012611. e. 41). Gentleman's Magazine, June 1749.
10. The Disguis'd Prince: or, the Beautiful Parisian. A True History,
Translated from the French. For T. Corbett, and Sold by J. Roberts.
1728, 1729. 8vo.
The Dedication to Lady Lombe is signed Eliza Haywood.
From the French of the Sieur de Préchac or Mme de Villedieu.
B.M. (12511. h. 5), Part I only. Harvard, 2 parts. Part I, Daily
Post, 16 Aug. 1728. Part II, Daily Journal, 14 May 1729.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For T. Corbett, and sold by J.
Roberts. 1733. 8vo.
Bodl. (Godw. Pamph. 1231/4).
11. The Distress'd Orphan, or Love in a Mad-House. 1726?
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Roberts. 1726. 8vo.
A second edition was advertised for D. Browne as a part of Mrs.
Haywood's additional Works, Daily Post, 4 Jan. 1727.
University of Chicago.
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For J. Roberts. 1726. 8vo.
B.M. (12611. f. 14).
[A revision.] Love in a Madhouse; or, the History of Eliza Hartley.
The Distressed Orphan. Written by herself after her happy Union with
the Colonel. For T. Sabine. [n.d.] 8vo.
1770? (B.M. Catalogue). 1810 (Miss Morgan).
B.M. (12403, aa. 34/2).
12. The Double Marriage: or, the Fatal Release. A True Secret History.
For J. Roberts. 1726. 8vo.
Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's additionalWorks, 1727.
University of Chicago. Daily Journal, 5 Aug. 1726.
13. The Dumb Projector: Being a Surprizing Account of a Trip to Holland
made by Mr. Duncan Campbell. With the Manner of his Reception and
Behaviour there. As also the various and diverting Occurrences that
happened on his Departure. For W. Ellis, J. Roberts, Mrs. Billingsly, A.
Dod, and J. Fox. 1725. 8vo.
Written as a letter, signed Justicia.
B.M. (G. 13739/2). Copy owned by Professor Trent.
Daily Journal, 10 May 1725.
14. L'Entretien des Beaux Esprits. Being the Sequel to La Belle
Assemblée. Containing the following Novels.... Written for the
Entertainment of the French Court, by Madam de Gomez, Author of La Belle
Assemblée. For F. Cogan, and J. Nourse. 1734. 12mo. 2 vols.
The Dedication to "the High Puissant and most noble Prince," Charles
Seymour, Duke of Somerset, is signed Eliza Haywood. From the French of
Madeleine Angelique Poisson de Gomez.
B.M. (12512. c. 13).
15. Epistles for the Ladies.... For T. Gardner. 1749, 1750. 8vo. 2 vols.
B.M. (8416. dd. 34). Columbia. Gentleman's Magazine, Nov. 1748,
&c.
[Another edition.] A New Edition. For T. Gardner.
Advertised in The History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy, 1753.
[Another edition.] Epistles for Ladies. A New Edition. For H. Gardner.
1776. 12mo. 2 vols.
Yale.
16. The Fair Captive: a Tragedy. As it is Acted By His Majesty's
Servants. For T. Jauney and H. Cole. 1721. Svo.
Dedicated to Lord Viscount Gage.
B.M. (162. h. 18). Columbia.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, and S. Chapman.
1724.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Works, 1724.
17. The Fair Hebrew: or, a True, but Secret History of Two Jewish
Ladies, Who lately resided in London. For J. Brindley, W. Meadows and J.
Walthoe, A. Bettesworth, T. Astley, T. Worral, J. Lewis, J. Penn, and R.
Walker. 1729. 8vo.
Advertised as by Mrs. Haywood in Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-
Lunenburgh, 1729.
B.M. (635. f. 11/8). Daily Post, 29 Jan. 1729.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Brindley, W. Meadows and
J. Walthoe, A. Bettesworth, T. Astley, T. Worral, J. Lewis, J. Penn
and R. Walker. 1729. Svo.
B.M. (12614. d. 8).
18. Fantomina: or, Love in a Maze. Being a Secret History of an Amour
between two Persons of Condition. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood. For D. Browne
jun, and S. Chapman. 1725.
Included in the various editions of Secret Histories, etc.
19. Fatal Fondness: or, Love its own Opposer. (Being the Sequel of The
Unequal Conflict.) A Novel. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood.... For J. Walthoe,
and J. Crokatt. 1725. 8vo.
Sir John Soane's Museum. University of Chicago.
Daily Post, 19 May 1725.
20. The Fatal Secret: or, Constancy in Distress. By the Author of the
Masqueraders; or, Fatal Curiosity. For J. Roberts. 1724.
Dedicated to (Sir) William Yonge.
Daily Journal, 16 May 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Roberts. 1724. 8vo.
University of Chicago. The third edition with separate title-page
and imprint is a part of Secret Histories, etc., 1725.
THE FEMALE DUNCIAD, see Irish Artifice.
21. The Female Spectator. For T. Gardner. 1745. 8vo. 4 vols.
The monthly parts, April, 1744, to May, 1746 (two months omitted), bound
up with a general title-page, but each part retains its separate
title-page and imprint. Books I-VI, 1744; VII-XX, 1745; XXI-XXIV, 1746.
Vol. I dedicated to the Duchess of Leeds, Vol. II to the Duchess of
Bedford, Vol. III to the Duchess of Queensberry and Dover, Vol. IV to
the Duchess Dowager of Manchester.
B.M. (94. c. 12-15).
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For George and Alexander Ewing.
Dublin. 1747. 12mo. 4 vols.
Columbia.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For T. Gardner. 1748. 12mo. 4
vols.
B.M. (P.P. 5251. ga). Harvard.
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For T. Gardner. 1750. 12mo. 4
vols.
Harvard.
[Another edition.] The Fourth Edition?
[Another edition.] The Fifth Edition. For T. Gardner. 1755. 12mo. 4
vols.
Boston Public Library, Vol. I only.
[Another edition.] The Sixth Edition?
[Another edition.] The Seventh Edition. For T. Gardner. 1771. 12mo. 4
vols.
B.M. (P.P. 5251. g). Boston Public Library.
[A French translation.] La Nouvelle Spectatrice. Paris. 1751. 4 parts
in 2 vols. 12mo.
"Traduction abregée avec gout," by Jean-Arnold Trochereau de la
Berliere.
P. Larousse, Grand Dictionnaire Universel, 1873.
ADDENDUM:
The Female Spectator. Glasgow. 1775. 4 vols. 12mo.
Catalogue of Cadmus Book Shop, New York.
22. The Force of Nature: or, the Lucky Disappointment: A Novel. By Mrs.
Eliza Haywood.
Included in the various editions of Secret Histories, etc.
23. The Fortunate Foundlings: Being the Genuine History of Colonel
M----rs, and his Sister, Madam du P----y, the Issue of the Hon. Ch----es
M----rs, Son of the late Duke of R--L--D. Containing Many wonderful
Accidents that befel them in their Travels, and interspersed with the
Characters and Adventures of Several Persons of Condition, in the most
polite Courts of Europe. The Whole calculated for the Entertainment and
Improvement of the Youth of both Sexes. For T. Gardner. 1744. 12mo.
B.M. (12614. eee. 16). Gentleman's Magazine, Feb. 1744.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition?
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For T. Gardner. 1748. 12mo.
Yale.
24. Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh. A Tragedy. As it is Acted
at the Theatre-Royal in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields.... By Mrs. Eliza Haywood.
For W. Mears, and J. Brindley. 1729. 8vo.
Dedicated to Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales.
B.M. (643. e. 1). Boston Public Library.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For W. Mears, and J. Brindley.
1729. 8vo.
B.M. (162. h. 19). Yale.
25. The Fruitless Enquiry. Being a Collection of Several Entertaining
Histories and Occurrences, Which Fell under the Observation of a Lady in
her Search after Happiness. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood, Author of Love in
Excess.... For J. Stephens. 1727. 12mo.
Dedicated to Lady Elizabeth Germain.
Bodl. (8vo. B. 433. Line.). Peabody Institute. Daily Post, 24 Feb.
1727.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. By the Author of the History of
Miss Betsy Thoughtless. For T. Lowndes. 1767. 12mo.
B.M. (1208. e. 31). Yale.
[An abridgment.] A Collection of Novels, selected and revised by Mrs.
Griffith. For G. Kearsly. 1777. 12mo. 2 vols.
The Fruitless Enquiry occupies pp. 159-267 of Vol. II.
B.M. (12614. cc. 14). Boston Public Library.
26. The History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy. In Three Volumes. By the
Author of Betsy Thoughtless. For T. Gardner. 1753. 12mo. 3 vols.
B.M. (12611. b. 23). Yale. Gentleman's Magazine, Dec. 1752.
[Another edition.] Dublin: For R. Main. 1753. 12mo. 3 vols.
B.M. (12611. b. 23), Vols. II and III only.
[Another edition.] For Harrison and Co. 1785. 8vo. 3 vols.
In Vol. XVII of The Novelist's Magazine.
B.M. (1207. e. 7). New York Public Library.
27. The History of Leonora Meadowson. By the Author of Betsy
Thoughtless. For Noble. 1788. 12mo. 2 vols.
Halkett and Laing. Critical Review, March 1788.
28. The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless, In Four Volumes. For T.
Gardner. 1751. 12mo. 4 vols.
B.M. (recently acquired from the Huth Sale, Part III). New York
Public Library. Gentleman's Magazine, Oct. 1751.
[Another edition.] Dublin. 1751. 12mo. 4 vols. in 2. J. Tregaskis
Catalogue.
[Another edition.] Dublin: Printed by Oli. Nelson. 1765. 12mo. 4 vols.
in 2.
Yale.
[Another edition.] The Fourth Edition. For L. Gardner. 1768. 12mo. 4
vols. in 2.
South Kensington Museum. Columbia.
[Another edition.] For Harrison and Co. 1783. 8vo. 4 vols.
In Vol. XIII of The Novelist's Magazine.
B.M. (1207. c. 12). New York Public Library.
ADDENDUM:
Etourdie ou Histoire de Mis Betsy Tatless, Traduite de l'Anglois.
Paris. 1754. 3 parts in 2 vols. Bound for Mme du Barry, with her arms
impressed on the sides. Southeby, Wilkinson, and Hodge Sale, Dec.
11,1913.
29. The Husband. In Answer to The Wife. For T. Gardner. 1756. 12mo.
B.M. (836. c. 6). Yale.
30. Idalia: or, the Unfortunate Mistress. A Novel. Written by Mrs. Eliza
Haywood. For D. Browne junr; W. Chetwood; and S. Chapman. 1723. 8vo.
B.M. (12614. d. 10). Daily Journal, 24 April 1723. Parts II and
III which compleats the whole, Daily Journal, 21 June 1723.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, junr; W.
Chetwood; and S. Chapman. 1723. 8vo.
Advertised in The Rash Resolve, 1724. Included with separate
title-page and imprint in Mrs. Haywood's Works, 1724. The third
edition is a part of Secret Histories, etc., 1725.
31. The Injur'd Husband: or, the Mistaken Resentment. A Novel. Written
by Mrs. Eliza Haywood.... For D. Browne, W. Chetwood and J. Woodman, and
S. Chapman. 1723. 8vo.
Dedicated to Lady Howe.
B.M. (recently acquired from the Huth Sale, Part III). Daily
Courant, 24 Dec. 1722.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, W. Chetwood and
J. Woodman, and S. Chapman. 1723. 8vo.
Advertised in The Rash Resolve, 1724. Included with separate
title-page and imprint in Mrs. Haywood's Works, 1724. The third
edition is a part of Secret Histories, etc., 1725.
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. Dublin: For J. Watts. 1724. 8vo.
B.M. (12611. f. 10). See The British Recluse.
32. The Invisible Spy. By Exploralibus. For T. Gardner. 1755. 12mo. 4
vols.
[Note: A 3 vol. edition, 1755, entered in a catalogue of John Orr,
Edinburgh, (Autumn, 1914).]
B.M. (12612. d. 14). Brown University. Gentleman's Magazine, Nov.
1754.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For T. Gardner. 1759. 12mo. 2
vols.
Bodl. (Hope 8vo. 535, 6). Yale.
[Another edition.] Dublin. 1766. 12mo. 2 vols.
B.M. (12614. ff. 21).
[Another edition.] By Explorabilis. A New Edition. For H. Gardner.
1773. 12mo. 2 vols.
Yale.
[Another edition.] For Harrison and Co. 1788. 8vo. 2 vols.
In Vol. XXIII of The Novelist's Magazine.
B.M. (1207. c. 3/3). New York Public Library.
33. Irish Artifice; or, The History of Clarina. A Novel. By Mrs. Eliza
Haywood.
A part of The Female Dunciad, For T. Read, 1728, 8vo.
B.M. (T. 857/2).
34. The Lady's Philosopher's Stone; or, The Caprices of Love and
Destiny: an Historical Novel. Written in French by M. L'Abbé de Castera;
And now Translated into English. For D. Browne, Junr.; and S. Chapman.
1725. 8vo.
From the French of Louis Adrien Duperron de Castera. Dedicated to Lord
Herbert. Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's additional Works,
1727.
B.M. (12614. dd. 19). Daily Post, 22 Jan. 1725.
35. Lasselia: or, the Self-Abandon'd. A Novel. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood.
For D. Browne, jun., and S. Chapman.
Dedicated to the Earl of Suffolk and Bindon.
Daily Journal, 30 Oct. 1723.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne junr., and S.
Chapman. 1724. 8vo.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Mrs. Haywood's Works,
1724. The third edition is a part of Secret Histories, etc., 1725.
B.M. (12613. c. 26/1).
36. A Letter from H---- G----g, Esq. One of the Gentlemen of the
Bedchamber to the Young Chevalier, and the only Person of his own
Retinue that attended him from Avignon, in his late Journey through
Germany, and elsewhere; Containing Many remarkable and affecting
Occurrences which happened to the P---- during the course of his
mysterious Progress. To a Particular Friend.... Printed, and sold at the
Royal-Exchange, Temple-Bar, Charing Cross, and all the Pamphlet-Shops of
London and' Westminster. 1750. 8vo.
A. Lang, History of English Literature (1912), p. 458, attributes this
work to Mrs. Haywood.
B.M. (10806. b. 20). Monthly Review, Jan. 1750.
[A French translation.] Lettre de H.... G.... G Ecuyer, un des
Gentilshommes de la Chambre du jeune Chevalier de S. George & la seule
personne de sa Cour qui I'ait accompagné d' Avignon dans son voyage en
Allemagne & autres Lieux. Contenant Plusieurs aventures touchantes &
remarquables qui sont arrivées à ce Prince pendant le cours de son
voyage secret. A un Ami particulier. Traduit de l'Anglois par M.
l'Abbé *** A Londres. 1757.
B.M. (10804. a. 16).
37. Letters from a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier. Translated from the
French. By Mrs. Haywood. For W. Chetwood. 1721. 8vo.
With "A Discourse concerning Writings Of this Nature. By Way of Essay."
From the French of Edme Boursault. Published by subscription.
Columbia. Daily Post, 26 Dec. 1720.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne and S. Chapman.
1724. 8vo.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Mrs. Haywood's Works,
1724.
38. Letters from the Palace of Fame. Written by a First Minister in The
Regions of Air, to an Inhabitant of this World. Translated from an
Arabian Manuscript.... For J. Roberts. 1727. 8vo.
Included in the two additional volumes of Mrs. Haywood's Works, 1727.
B.M. (635. f. 11/7), incomplete, 24 pp. only. A complete copy is
owned by Professor Trent. Daily Post, 30 Sept. 1726.
39. The Life of Madam de Villesache. Written by a Lady, who was an
Eye-witness of the greater part of her Adventures, and faithfully
Translated from her French Manuscript. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood.... For W.
Feales; and sold by J. Roberts. 1727. 8vo.
Dedicated to Mrs. Heathcote.
B.M. (12331. bbb. 42/2). Daily Post, 26 April 1727.
40. Life's Progress through the Passions: or, the Adventures of Natura.
By the Author of The Fortunate Foundlings. For T. Gardner. 1748. 12mo.
B.M. (12614. e. 19). Yale. Gentleman's Magazine, April 1748.
41. Love in Excess; or, the Fatal Enquiry. Part I.
Issued probably toward the end of 1719 for Chetwood and Roberts, but I
have found no advertisement of it.
Love in Excess; or, the Fatal Enquiry, A Novel, Part the Second. By Mrs.
Haywood. For W. Chetwood, and Sold by J. Roberts, [n.d.] 8vo.
Prefixed is a poem by Richard Savage, 2 pp.
Pickering and Chatto, Catalogue of English Prose Literature.
Love in Excess; or, the Fatal Enquiry. Part III. By Mrs. Haywood. For W.
Chetwood, and J. Roberts. 2 s.
Daily Post, 26 Feb. 1720.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition?
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For W. Chetwood. 1721.
Daily Post, 29 May, 1721.
[Another edition.] The Fourth Edition. For D. Browne, W. Chetwood, and
S. Chapman. 1722.
Post Boy, 22-24 Feb. 1722.
[Another edition.] The Fifth Edition. For D. Browne, jun., and S.
Chapman. 1724.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Mrs. Haywood's Works,
1724.
Daily Journal, 13 April 1724.
[Another edition.] First Edition. Dublin: For J. Watts. 1724. 12mo.
With The British Recluse and The Injur'd Husband, 2 vols.
[Another edition.] The Sixth Edition. For D. Browne, jun., and S.
Chapman. 1725.
Included in Secret Histories, etc., 1725.
Columbia.
42. Love in its Variety: Being a Collection of Select Novels. Written in
Spanish by Signior Michel Ban Dello [?]; made English by Mrs. Eliza
Haywood. For W. Feales, and J. Jackson. 1727.
Daily Post, 26 June 1727.
[Another edition?] Mrs. Haywood's Love in its Variety; or, Select
Novels. For T. Lowndes. 2 s. 6 d.
Advertised in The Fruitless Enquiry, 1767.
43. Love-Letters on All Occasions Lately passed between Persons of
Distinction, Collected by Mrs. Eliza Haywood. For J. Brindley, R.
Willock, J. Jackson, J. Penn, and F. Cogan. 1730. 8vo.
Dedicated to Mrs. Walpole, Relict of the Honourable Galfridus Walpole.
B.M. (1086. f. 27), with the bookplate of Lady Elizabeth Germain.
Daily Journal, 14 Jan. 1730.
44. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots: Being the Secret History of her Life,
and the Real Causes of all Her Misfortunes. Containing a Relation of
many particular Transactions in her Reign; never yet Published in any
Collection.... Translated from the French, By Mrs. Eliza Haywood. For D.
Browne Junior; S. Chapman; and J. Woodman and D. Lyon. 1725. 8vo.
Translated from fifteen or sixteen known authors, (B.M. Catalogue).
B.M. (10805. aaa. 19). Daily Post, 2 July 1725.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, etc. 1726. 8vo.
Advertised in La Belle Assemblée, 1743.
Columbia. Daily Post, 23 Feb. 1726.
45. The Masqueraders; or Fatal Curiosity: being the Secret History of a
Late Amour. For J. Roberts. 1724. 8vo.
Dedicated to Colonel Stanley.
B.M. (12614. d. 14). Daily Post, 10 April 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Roberts. 1724.
Daily Journal, 24 April 1724.
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. For J. Roberts. 1724.
Included in Secret Histories, etc., 1725.
Daily Journal, 15 July 1724.
[Note: These were probably bogus editions. Ed. 2 was advertised as
"just publish'd" in The Double Marriage, 1726.]
[Part II.] The Masqueraders; or Fatal Curiosity: Being the Secret
History of a Late Amour. Part II. For J. Roberts. 1725. 8vo.
Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's additional Works, 1727.
University of Chicago. Daily Post, 21 Jan. 1725.
46. Memoirs of a Certain Island Adjacent to the Kingdom of Utopia.
Written by a Celebrated Author of that Country. Now translated into
English. For the Booksellers of London and Westminster. 1725, 1726. 8vo.
2 vols.
Advertised as "in the press" in Mrs. Haywood's Works,1724, Vol. I.
B.M. (12613. g. 18). University of Illinois. (Both vols. with
Keys.) Vol. I, Daily Post, 8 Sept. 1724. Vol. II, Daily Journal, 3
Nov. 1725, with a new ed. of Vol. I.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For the Booksellers of London
and Westminster. 1726. 8vo. 2 vols.
Daily Post, 2 Mar. 1726.
47. Memoirs of the Baron de Brosse, Who was Broke on the Wheel In the
Reign of Lewis XIV. Containing, An Account of his Amours. With Several
Particulars relating to the Wars in those Times. Collected from
Authentic Authors, and an Original Manuscript. For D. Browne, Jun., and
S. Chapman. 1725, 1726. 8vo.
Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's additional Works, 1727.
B.M. (1201. g. 3). Part I, Daily Post, 23 Dec. 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, Jun., and 8.
Chapman. 1725, 1726. 8vo.
B.M. (G. 14732/2).
48. The Mercenary Lover: or, the Unfortunate Heiresses. Being a True,
Secret History of a City Amour, In a certain Island adjacent to the
Kingdom of Utopia. Written by the Author of Memoirs of the said Island.
Translated into English.... For N. Dobb. 1726. 8vo.
B.M. (12611. i. 16). Daily Post, 10 Feb. 1726.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For N. Dobb. 1726.
Advertised in Reflections on the Various Effects of Love, 1726.
[Another edition.] The Third Edition. By the Author of Reflections on
the various Effects of Love.... To which is added, The Padlock: Or, No
Guard without Virtue. A Novel. For N. Dobb. 1728. 12mo.
Half-title:--"The Mercenary Lover: and the Padlock. Two Historical
Novels. By E.H."
B.M. (12316. bbb. 38/3).
THE NEW UTOPIA, see Memoirs of a Certain Island.
49. The Opera of Operas; or Tom Thumb the Great. Alter'd from the Life
and Death of Tom Thumb the Great. For W. Eayner. 1733. 8vo.
Fielding's Tragedy of Tragedies with songs by William Hatchett and Eliza
Haywood.
Boston Public Library (Barton Collection).
THE PADLOCK, see The Mercenary Lover, the third edition.
50. The Parrot. With a Compendium of the Times. By the Authors of The
Female Spectator. For T. Gardner. 1746. 8vo.
Issued originally in weekly parts, 2 Aug.-4 Oct. 1746. (9 numbers.)
B.M. (P.P. 5253. b). Yale.
51. The Perplex'd Dutchess; or, Treachery Rewarded: Being some Memoirs
of the Court of Malfy. In a Letter from a Sicilian Nobleman, who had his
Residence there, to his Friend in London. For J. Roberts. 1728. 8vo.
Included in the two volumes of Mrs. Haywood's additional Works, 1727.
The title-page bears a quotation from her tragedy, The Fair Captive.
Daily Post, 2 Oct. 1727. Dobell Catalogue (Mar. 1915).
[Another edition.] To which is added Innocence Preserv'd. A Novel.
Dublin: S. Powell, for G. Risk and W. Smith. 1727. 12mo.
A. Esdaile, English Tales and Eomances (1912), p. 284.
52. Persecuted Virtue: Or, The Cruel Lover. A True Secret History. Writ
at the Request of a Lady of Quality. For J. Brindley, and sold by W.
Meadows, and H. Whitridge, T. Worrall, R. Francklin, J. Watson.
Advertised as by Mrs. Haywood in Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-
Lunenburgh, 1729.
Daily Post, 23 Nov. 1728.
53. Philidore and Placentia: or, L'Amour trop Delicat. By Mrs.
Haywood.... For T. Green, and Sold by J. Roberts. 1727. 8vo.
Dedicated to Lady Abergavenny.
Brown University. Part I, Daily Journal, 24 July 1727.
54. Poems on Several Occasions. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood.
Included with no separate title-page in Mrs. Haywood's Works, 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, jun., and S.
Chapman. 1725. 12mo.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Secret Histories,
etc., 1725.
55. A Present for a Servant-Maid: or, the Sure Means of gaining Love and
Esteem.... To which are Added, Directions for going to Market; Also, For
Dressing any Common Dish, whether Flesh, Fish, or Fowl. With some Rules
for Washing, &c. The Whole calculated for making both the Mistress and
the Maid happy. For T. Gardner. 1743. 8vo.
B.M. (1037. g. 20). Gentleman's Magazine, June 1743.
[Another edition.] Dublin: Re-printed by and for George Faulkner.
1743. 8vo.
New York Public Library.
[Another edition.] Dublin: For George Faulkner. 1744. 8vo.
B.M. (8409. d. 8/1). New York Public Library.
[Another edition.] For T. Gardner. 1745. 8vo.
Yale.
[A revision.] A new Present for a Servant-Maid: containing Rules for
her moral Conduct, both with respect to herself and her Superiors: the
whole Art of Cookery, Pickling, and Preserving, &c. With Marketing
Tables, and Tables for casting up Expences, &c. By Mrs. Haywood.
Pearch, &c. 1771. 12mo.
Monthly Review, April 1772.
56. The Rash Resolve: or, the Untimely Discovery. A Novel. In Two Parts.
By Mrs. Eliza Haywood.... For D. Browne, junr.; and S. Chapman. 1724.
8vo.
Dedicated to Lady Rumney.
B.M. (recently acquired from the Huth Sale, Part III).
Daily Journal, 12 Dec. 1723.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne junr., and S.
Chapman. 1724. 8vo.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Mrs. Haywood's
Works, 1724. The third edition is a part of Secret Histories, etc.,
1725.
B.M. (12613. c. 26/2).
57. Reflections on the Various Effects of Love, According to the
contrary Dispositions of the Persons on whom it operates. Illustrated
with a great many Examples of the good and bad Consequences of that
Passion. Collected from the best Ancient and Modern Histories.
Intermix'd with the latest Amours and Intrigues of Persons of the First
Rank of both Sexes, of a certain Island adjacent to the Kingdom of
Utopia. Written by the Author of The Mercenary Lover, and Memoirs of the
said Island.... For N. Dobb. 1726. 8vo.
B.M. (635. f. 11/6), incomplete, 16 pages only. Daily Journal, 13
April 1726.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For N. Dobb. 1726. 8vo.
B.M. (12614. d. 17).
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Millan, and sold by J.
Roberts, T. Astley, W. Meadows, and H. Whitridge, Mrs. Dodd, and Mrs.
Graves. In Two Parts. 1727.
Daily Journal, 5 July 1727.
58. The Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of
Carimania. For the Booksellers of London and Westminster. 1727. 8vo.
Yale. Daily Journal, 24 Sept. 1726.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition Corrected. For the Booksellers
of London and Westminster. 1727. 8vo.
B.M. (838. c. 7), with a Key.
59. Secret Memoirs Of the late Mr. Duncan Campbel, The Famous Deaf and
Dumb Gentleman. Written By Himself, who ordered they should be publish'd
after his Decease. To which is added, An Appendix, by Way of Vindication
of Mr. Duncan Campbel, against that groundless Aspersion cast upon him,
That he but pretended to be Deaf and Dumb. For J. Millan; and J.
Chrichley. 1732. 8vo.
Mrs. Haywood may have had a hand in this production.
B.M. (10825. bbb. 26).
60. A Spy upon the Conjurer: or, a Collection Of Surprising
Stories, With Names, Places, and particular Circumstances relating to
Mr. Duncan Campbell, commonly known by the Name of the Deaf and Dumb
Man; and the astonishing Penetration and Event of his Predictions.
Written to my Lord---- by a Lady, who for more than Twenty Years past;
has made it her Business to observe all Transactions in the Life and
Conversation of Mr. Campbell. Sold by Mr. Campbell at the Green-Hatch in
Buckingham-Court, Whitehall; and at Burton's Cofee-House, Charing Cross.
1724. 8vo.
B.M. (G. 13535). Harvard. Daily Post, 19 Mar. 1724.
[Another edition.] A Spy on the Conjurer: or, a Collection Of
Surprizing and Diverting Stories, With Merry and Ingenious Letters. By
Way of Memoirs of the Famous Mr. Duncan Campbell, demonstrating the
astonishing Foresight of that Wonderful Deaf and Dumb Man. The Whole
being Moral and Instructive. Written to my Lord---- by a Lady, who,
for Twenty Years past, has made it her Business to observe all
Transactions in the Life and Conversation of Mr. Campbell. Revised by
Mrs. Eliza Haywood. The Second Edition. For T. Corbet. 1724. 8vo.
Brown University. Daily Post, 21 Aug. 1724.
[Another edition.] A Spy upon the Conjurer.... Revised by Mrs. Eliza
Haywood. For J. Peele. 1724. 8vo.
Copy owned by Professor Trent.
[Another edition.] A Spy on the Conjurer.... Revised by Mrs. Eliz.
Haywood. For W. Ellis, J. Brotherton, J. Batly, T. Woodward, J. Fox.
1725. 8vo.
This omits the words "The Second Edition." These four issues consist
of identical sheets bound up with different title-pages.
B.M. (613. f. 2). Daily Journal, 25 Jan. 1725.
61. The Surprise: or, Constancy Rewarded. By the Author of the
Masqueraders; or, Fatal Curiosity. For J. Roberts. 1724.
Dedicated to Sir Richard Steele.
Daily Journal, 23 July 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Roberts. 1724.
Daily Journal, 7 Sept. 1724.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne, jun.; and S.
Chapman. 1725.
Included with separate title-page and imprint in Secret Histories,
etc., 1725.
62. The Tea-Table: or, A Conversation between some Polite Persons of
both Sexes, at a Lady's Visiting Day. Wherein are Represented The
Various Foibles, and Affectations, which form the Character of an
Accomplish'd Beau, or Modern Fine Lady. Interspersed with several
Entertaining and Instructive Stories. By Mrs. Eliza Haywood. For J.
Roberts. 1725. 8vo.
B.M. (635. f. 11/5). Daily Post, 7 May 1725, "just published."
[Another edition.] The Fourth Edition. London: Printed, and Dublin
Re-Printed by W. Wilmot for E. Hamilton. 1725. 8vo.
Columbia.
[Part II.] The Tea-Table: Or, a Conversation between some polite
Persons of both Sexes.... By Mrs. Elizabeth Haywood. Part II. For J.
Roberts. 1725. 8vo.
Bodl. (Godw. Pamph. 1308). Daily Post, 25 Mar. 1726.
63. The Unequal Conflict; or, Nature Triumphant: A Novel. By Mrs. Eliza
Haywood. For J. Walthoe, and J. Crokatt. 1725. 8vo.
For a sequel to The Unequal Conflict, see Fatal Fondness.
B.M. (recently acquired from the Huth Sale, Part III).
Yale. Daily Post, 10 Mar. 1725.
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For J. Walthoe. 1726.
Daily Journal, 17 Feb. 1726.
THE UNFORTUNATE PRINCESS, see Adventures of Eovaai.
64. The Virtuous Villager, or Virgin's Victory: Being The Memoirs of a
very Great Lady at the Court of France. Written by Herself. In which the
Artifices of designing Men are fully detected and exposed; and the
Calamities they bring on credulous believing Woman, are particularly
related. Translated from the Original, by the Author of La Belle
Assemblee. In Two Volumes. For F. Cogan. 1742. 12mo. 2 vols.
From the French of Charles de Fieux, Chevalier de Mouhy. The Dedication
to Mrs. Crawley is signed Eliza Haywood.
B.M. (12612. dd. 3).
65. The Wife. By Mira, One of the Authors of the Female Spectator, and
Epistles for Ladies. For T. Gardner. 1756. 12mo.
B.M. (836. c. 5). Harvard. Gentleman's Magazine, Dec. 1755.
[Another edition?] For T. Gardner. 1756.
B.M. (8416. de. 1).
[Another edition.] For T. Gardner. 1762. 12mo.
Arthur Header Catalogue.
66. A Wife To be Lett: A Comedy. As it is Acted at the Theatre-Royal in
Drury-Lane, By his Majesty's Servants. Written by Mrs. Eliza Haywood.
For D. Browne junr, and S. Chapman. 1724. 8vo.
Included in Mrs. Haywood's Works, 1724.
B.M. (12613. e. 26/3). Boston Public Library (Barton Collection).
[Another edition.] The Second Edition. For D. Browne; and Sold by J.
Osborn. 1729. 12mo.
New York Public Library.
[Another edition.] For W. Feales; And Sold by J. Osborn. 1735. 12mo.
B.M. (11775. b. 44). Yale.
[An abridgment.] The Comedy of a Wife to be Lett, or, the Miser Cured,
compressed into Two Acts, by Ann Minton. For A. Seale; Ann Minton; and
all booksellers. 1802. 8vo.
B.M. (11779. b. 84).
67. The Young Lady. No. 1, 2, 3. By Euphrosine. For T. Gardner. 2d.
each.
Euphrosine, like Mira, was the name of one of the Female Spectator Club.
This was probably Mrs. Haywood's last piece of writing.
Gentleman's Magazine, Jan. 1756.
III. WORKS ATTRIBUTED TO MRS. HAYWOOD
68. The History of Cornelia. For A. Millar. 1750. 12mo.
Arthur Header Catalogue.
69. Matrimony, a Novel, containing a series of Interesting Adventures.
1755. 8vo. 2 vols.
A re-issue of The Marriage Act (1754) by John Shebbeare (D.N.B.).
Arthur Header Catalogue.
70. Memoirs of the Court of Lilliput. Written by Captain Gulliver.
Containing an Account of the Intrigues, and some other particular
Transactions of that Nation, omitted in the two Volumes of his Travels.
Published by Lucas Bennet.... For J. Roberts. 1727. 8vo.
Attributed to Mrs. Haywood by Pope.
B.M. (12510. aaa. 5). Daily Journal, 11 Jan. 1727. A second
edition was advertised for Roberts on 6 Feb. 1727 (Daily Post).
71. The Pleasant and Delightful History of Gillian of Croydon:
Containing, Her Birth and Parentage: Her first Amour, with the sudden
Death of her Sweetheart: Her leaving her Father's House In Disguise, and
becoming Deputy to a Country Midwife; with a very odd and humoursome
Adventure before a Justice of the Peace, for screening a Child under her
Hoop-petticoat: Her discovery of a Love-Intrigue between her Mistress's
Daughter, and a perjur'd, false-hearted Young-man, which she relates in
the tragical History of William and Margaret: Her Account of a Country
Wedding in Kent; with several merry Passages which attended it.
Illustrated with suitable Cuts.
The Whole done much after the same Method as those celebrated Novels, by
MRS. ELIZA HAYWOOD. For A. Bettesworth. 1727. 12mo.
A chap-book, not by Mrs. Haywood.
B.M. (12410. a. 28).
IV. WORKS PUBLISHED BY MRS. HAYWOOD
At the end of the first volume of The Virtuous Villager, 1742, occurs
the following advertisement:
New Books, sold by Eliza Haywood, Publisher, at the Sign of Fame in
Covent-Garden.
I. The Busy-Body; or Successful Spy; being the entertaining History of
Mons. Bigand.... The whole containing great Variety of Adventures,
equally instructive and diverting.
II. Anti-Pamela, or Feign'd Innocence detected, in a Series of Syrena's
Adventures: A Narrative which has really its Foundation in Truth and
Nature.... Publish'd as a necessary Caution to all young Gentlemen. The
Second Edition.
CHRONOLOGICAL LIST
THE WRITINGS OF MRS. HAYWOOD WITH SOME CONTEMPORARY WORKS
[Note: Works by other writers are indicated by italics; doubtful
attributions by (?). Works never separately issued are enclosed in
parentheses. Translations are marked Tr.]
1719 Apr. 25 _Defoe: Robinson Crusoe, Pt. I._
Love in Excess, Pts. I, II.
_Mrs. Manley: The Power of Love, in Seven Novels (d.
1720)._
1720 Feb. 25 Love in Excess, Pt. III.
Apr. 30 _Defoe: Duncan Campbell._
Dec. 26 Tr. Letters from a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier (d.
1721).
1721 Mar. 4 The Fair Captive (acted).
1722 Jan. 27 _Defoe: Moll Flanders._
Apr. 16 The British Recluse.
Dec. 24 The Injur'd Husband (d. 1723).
1723 June 27 Idalia: or, the Unfortunate Mistress.
Aug. 12 Works, Vols. I, II, III.
Aug. 12 A Wife to be Lett (acted). Published Aug.20.
Nov. 1 Lasselia.
Dec. 16 The Rash Resolve (d. 1724).
1724 Jan. 31 Works, Vol. IV.
(Poems on Several Occasions.)
Mar. 14 _Defoe: The Fortunate Mistress (Roxana)._
Mar. 19 A Spy upon the Conjurer.
Apr. 10 The Masqueraders, Pt. I.
May 16 The Fatal Secret.
July 23 The Surprise.
Aug. 11 The Arragonian Queen.
Aug. 26 Tr. La Belle Assemblée, Pt. I.
Sept. 8 Memoirs of a Certain Island, Vol. I (d. 1725).
Oct. 16 Bath-Intrigues (d. 1725).
Oct. 26 Tr. La Belle Assemblée, Pt. II.
Dec. 9 Tr. La Belle Assemblée, Pt. III.
Dec. 23 Secret Histories, Novels and Poems, 4 vols. (d. 1725).
(Fantomina.)
(The Force of Nature.)
Dec. 23 Memoirs of the Baron de Brosse, Pt. I. (d. 1725).
1725 Jan. 21 The Masqueraders, Pt. II.
Jan. 22 Tr. The Lady's Philosopher's Stone.
Mar. 10 The Unequal Conflict.
May 7 The Tea-Table, Pt. I.
May 10 The Dumb Projector.
May 19 Fatal Fondness.
July 2 Mary Stuart.
Nov. 3 Memoirs of a Certain Island, Vol. II (d. 1726).
1726 The Distressed Orphan.
_Defoe: The Friendly Daemon._
Feb. 10 The Mercenary Lover.
Mar. 25 The Tea-Table, Pt. II.
Apr. 13 Reflections on the Various Effects of Love.
June 24 The City Jilt.
July 27 Tr. La Belle Assemblée, Vol. II.
Aug. 5 The Double Marriage.
Sept.24 The Court of Carimania (d. 1727).
Sept.30 Letters from the Palace of Fame (d. 1727).
Oct. _Swift: Travels of Lemuel Gulliver._
Dec. 5 Cleomelia (d. 1727).
1727 Jan. 9 The Court of Lilliput (?).
Feb. 24 The Fruitless Enquiry.
Apr. 26 The Life of Madam de Villesache.
June 26 Tr. Love in its Variety.
July 24 Philidore and Plaeentia, Pt. I.
Oct. 2 The Perplex'd Dutchess (d. 1728).
Nov. 2 Secret Histories and Novels printed since the publication
of her Works, 2 vols.
1728 (The Padlock.)
May 28 _Pope: The Dunciad._
June 21 The Agreeable Caledonian, Pt. I.
Aug. (Irish Artifice) in The Female Dunciad.
Aug. 17 Tr. The Disguis'd Prince, Pt. I.
Nov. 23 Persecuted Virtue.
1729 Select Collection of Novels and Histories, 6 vols. (?).
Jan. 10 The Agreeable Caledonian, Pt. II.
Jan. 29 The Fair Hebrew.
Mar. 4 Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh (acted).
May 14 Tr. The Disguis'd Prince, Pt. II.
1730 Jan. 14 Love-Letters on all Occasions.
1732 Secret Memoirs of the Late Mr. Duncan Campbel (?).
1733 May 31 The Opera of Operas (acted). Published in June.
1734 Tr. L'Entretien des Beaux Esprits, 2 vols.
1736 July Adventures of Eovaai.
1740 Nov. The Unfortunate Princess (d. 1741).
Nov. _Richardson: Pamela, Vols. I, II._
1741 June Anti-Pamela (?) Published by Mrs. Haywood.
Nov. Tr. The Busy-Body; or Successful Spy, 2 vols.(?) Published
by Mrs. Haywood.
1742 Tr. The Virtuous Villager, 2 vols.
Feb. _Fielding: Adventures of Joseph Andrews, 2 vols._
1743 June A Present for a Servant-Maid.
1744 Feb. The Fortunate Foundlings.
May _Sarah Fielding: David Simple._
1744 Apr.) The Female Spectator (published monthly) 4 vols.
1746 May)
1746 Aug. 2)The Parrot (published weekly).
Oct. 4)
1747 Nov. _Richardson: Clarissa, Vols. I, II._
1748 Jan. _Smollett: Adventures of Roderick Random, 2 vols._
Apr. _Richardson: Clarissa, Vols. Ill, IV._
Apr. Life's Progress through the Passions.
Dec. _Richardson: Clarissa, complete._
1749 Feb. _Fielding: History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, 6 vols._
June Dalinda.
Nov. Epistles for the Ladies, 2 vols. (d. 1749-50).
1750 Jan. A Letter from H--- Q--- g, Esq.
1750 Mar. _Johnson: The Rambler._
1752 Mar.
1750 Apr. The History of Cornelia (?).
Dec. _Mrs. Lennox: The Life of Harriot Stuart, 2 vols._
1751 Feb. _Smollett: Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, 4 vols._
Oct. The History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless, 4 vols.
Dec. _Fielding: Amelia, 4 vols._
1752 Mar. _Mrs. Lennox: The Female Quixote, 2 vols._
Dec. The History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy, 3
vols. (d. 1753).
1753 Nov. _Richardson: Sir Charles Grandison, Vols. I, II,
III, IV._
Dec. _Richardson: Sir Charles Grandison, Vols. V, VI._
1754 Nov. The Invisible Spy, 4 vols. (d. 1755).
1755 Dee. The Wife (d. 1756).
1756 The Husband.
Jan. The Young Lady, Nos. I, 2, 3, (?).
Feb. 25 Mrs. Haywood died.
1768 May Clementina.
1772 Apr. A New Present for a Servant Maid (d. 1771).
1778 Mar. The History of Leonora Meadowson, 2 vols.
INDEX
Addison, Joseph,
Adventures of _Eovaai_,
Adventures of _Lindamira_,
_Agreeable Caledonian, The_,
_Amelia_,
_Anti-Pamela_,
Applebee, E.,
_Apprentice's Monitor_,
_Arabian Nights, The_,
Arbuthnot, John,
_Arcadia, The Countess of Pembroke's_,
Argyle, John, Duke of,
_Arragonian Queen, The_,
Astell, Mary,
_Atalantis_, Mrs. Manley's _New_,
Aubin, Mrs Penelope,
Austen, Jane,
_Author to be Let, An_,
_Authors of the Town, The_,
Bandello, Matteo,
Barber, John,
Barker, Mrs. Jane,
_Bath-Intrigues_,
_Beggar's Opera, The_,
Behn, Mrs. Aphra,
_Belle Assemblée, La_
Bellenden, Mary,
Bennet, Lucas,
Bent, W.,
_Beraldus and Celemena_,
_Betsy Thoughtless_, see _History of Miss_
Bettesworth, Arthur,
_Blazing World, Description of a New World called the_,
Boccaccio, Giovanni,
Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas,
Bond, William,
Boursault, Edme,
Boyd, Mrs. Elizabeth,
Boyle, Robert,
_British Secluse, The_,
Brown, Thomas,
Browne, Daniel, Jr.,
Budgell, Eustace,
Burney, Fanny,
_Busy-Body, The_,
Butler, Mrs. Sarah,
Campbell, Duncan,
_Capricious Lover, The_,
_Captain Singleton_,
Careless, Betsy,
_Carimania, Court of_, see _Secret History_
Castera, Louis Adrien Duperron de,
_Catholic Poet, The_,
Centlivre, Mrs. Susannah,
Cervantes, Miguel de,
_Changeling, The_,
Chapman, Samuel,
Charke, Mrs. Charlotte,
Chesterfield, Lord,
Chetwood, William Bufus,
Chevalier, The Young,
Cibber, Theophilus,
_Citizen of the World, The_,
_City Jilt, The_,
Clarke, Dr. Samuel,
_Clarissa Harlowe_,
_Clélie_,
_Clementina_,
_Cleomelia_,
_Cléopâtre_,
Clio, see Fowke, Martha
Clive, Mrs. Kitty,
_Codrus; or the Dunciad dissected_,
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor,
_Colonel Jacque_,
_Comedy of a Wife to be Lett, The_,
Concanen, Matthew,
_Consolidator, The_,
Cooke, Thomas,
Corinna, see Thomas, Mrs.
_Court Intrigues_,
_Craftsman, The_,
_Curliad, The_,
Curll, Edmund,
_Cursory View of the History of Lilliput, A_,
_Dalinda_,
_Danger of Giving Way to Passion, The_,
D'Anvers, Caleb,
_David Simple_,
Davys, Mrs. Mary,
Dawson, Jemmy,
_Decameron, The_,
Dedications,
Defiant Heroines,
Defoe, Daniel,
Delany, Mrs.,
Dennis, John,
Desjardins, Hortense, see Villedieu, Mme de
_Diable Boiteux, Le_,
_Discourse concerning Writings of this Nature_,
_Disguis'd Prince, The_,
_Distress'd Orphan, The_,
Dobson, Austin,
Doddington, George Bubb,
_Double Marriage, The_,
Drake, Dr. Nathan,
Drury Lane Theater,
Dryden, John,
_Duchess of Malfi, The_,
Dufresny, Charles Rivière,
_Dumb Projector, The_,
_Dunciad, The_,
Dunlop, J.C.,
Durand-Bedacier, Mme,
_Entretien des Beaux Esprits, L'_,
_Epigrams on the Dunciad_,
_Epistles for the Ladies_,
_Espion turc, L'_,
Euphrosine,
_Evelina_,
_Exemplary Novels_,
Exploralibus,
_Fair Captive, The_,
_Fair Hebrew, The_,
_Fair Jilt, The_,
_Fantomina_
_Fatal Fondness_
_Fatal Secret, The_
_Female Dunces, The_
_Female Dunciad, The_
_Female Foundling, The_
_Female Page, The_, see _Sappy Unfortunate, The_
_Female Spectator, The_
_Ferdinand, Count Fathom_
Fidelia
Fielding, Henry
Fielding, Sarah
Fieux, Charles de, Chevalier de Mouhy
_Force of Nature, The_
_Fortunate Countrymaid, The_
_Fortunate Foundlings, The_
_Fortunate Mistress, The_
_Foundling, The_
Foundling Hospital, The
_Foundling Hospital for Wit and Humour, The_
Fowke, Martha
Fowler, Robert
Foxton, Mr.
_Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lunenburgh_
Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales
_Friendly Daemon, The_
_Fruitless Enquiry, The_
Gardner, Thomas
George II
Germain, Lady Elizabeth
_Gillian of Croydon, The Pleasant and Delightful History of_
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Goldsmith, Oliver
Gomez, Mme de
Goring, Henry
Gosse, Edmund
Griffith, Mrs. Elizabeth
Hackney, Iscariot
Handel, George Frederick
_Happy Unfortunate, The_
Hatchett, William
Haymarket Theater
Haywood, Charles
Haywood, Mrs. Eliza
Birth
Death
Elopement
Parentage
Plays
Publisher
Stage Career
Haywood, Valentine,
Hearne, Mrs. Mary
Henley, Lady Elizabeth
Henley, Orator
_Henrietta_
_Héros de Roman, Les_
Hervey, Lord
Hill, Aaron
_History of Betty Barnes, The_
_History of Cornelia, The_
_History of Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy, The_
_History of Leonora Meadowson, The_
_History of the Life and Adventures of Mr. Duncan Campbell, The_,
_History of the Life and Reign of Mary Stuart_,
_History of Miss Betsy Thoughtless, The_,
Hogarth, William,
Howard, Henrietta, Countess of Suffolk,
_Humphrey Clinker_,
Hurst, Capt.,
_Husband, The_,
_Idalia_,
_Illustre Parisienne, L'_,
_Injur'd Husband, The_,
_Intrigues galantes de la cour de France_,
_Invisible Spy, The_,
_Irish Artifice_,
_Ivanhoe_,
_Jemmy and Jenny Jessamy_, see _History of_
Johnson, Samuel,
_Joseph Andrews_,
Justicia,
_Key to the Dunciad_,
Kirkall, Elisha,
_Lady's Philosopher's Stone, The_,
La Faye, Charles de,
La Fayette, Mme de,
La Force, Mile de,
Lang, Andrew,
Lampe, Frederick,
_Lasselia_,
Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte,
_Letter from H---- G----, Esq., A_,
_Letters from a Lady of Quality to a Chevalier_,
_Letters from the Palace of Fame_,
_Letters written by Mrs. Manley_,
_Lettres nouvelles de M. Boursault_,
_Lettres Persanes_,
_Lettres Portugaises_,
_Life of Harriot Stuart, The_,
_Life of Madam de Villesache, The_,
_Life's Progress through the Passions_,
Lincoln's Inn Fields Theater,
Lodge, Thomas,
Lombe, Sir Thomas,
Lounsbury, T.E.,
_Love in Excess_,
_Love in its Variety_,
_Love-Letters on all Occasions_,
_Lover's Week, The_,
_Love's Posy_,
_Lucius_,
_Lucky Rape, The_,
Lumley, Lady Frances,
Mallet, David,
Manley, Mrs. Mary,
Marana, G.P.,
Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamblain de,
Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of,
_Marriage-Act, The_,
_Marriage à la Mode_,
_Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots_,
_Masqueraders, The_,
_Matrimony, a Novel_,
_Memoirs of the Baron de Brosse_,
_Memoirs of a Cavalier_,
_Memoirs of a Certain Island_,
_Memoirs of the Court of Lilliput_,
_Memoirs of Europe in the Eighth Century_,
_Memoirs of Miss Sydney Biddulph_,
_Mercenary Lover, The_,
Minton, Ann,
Mira,
_Moll Flanders_,
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley,
Moore, George,
Moore-Smith, James,
Morris, Bezaleel,
_Morte D'Arthur_,
_Mouche, La_,
_Mr. Campbell's Pacquet_,
Newcastle, Duchess of,
Ochihatou,
O'Hara, Kane,
_Old Mortality_,
_Opera of Operas_,
Oriental letters,
Oriental tales,
Orinda, The Matchless,
_Oroonoko_,
Osborne, Thomas,
_Padlock, The_,
_Pamela_,
_Parrot, The_,
_Parthenissa_,
_Paysanne Parvenue, La_
_Peregrine Pickle_,
_Perplex'd Dutchess, The_,
_Persecuted Virtue_,
Peterborough, Lord,
_Philidore and Plaaentia_,
_Pierre philosophale des dames, La_,
Pit, Journalist,
Pix, Mrs. Mary,
_Plain Dealer, The_,
_Pleasures of the Imagination, The_,
_Poems on Several Occasions_,
_Political Foundling, The_,
_Polly Honeycombe_,
_Pompey the Little_,
Pope, Alexander,
_Popiad, The_,
_Present for a Servant-Maid, A_,
Pretender, The,
_Princesse de Clèves, La_,
_Prude, The_,
Quin, James,
_Rape of the Lock, The_,
_Rash Resolve, The_,
Reeve, Clara,
_Reflections on the Various Effects of Love_,
_Religious Courtship, The_,
Restoration comedy,
Rich, John,
Richardson, Samuel,
_Rival Father, The_,
_Rival Modes, The_,
Roberts, James,
_Robinson Crusoe_,
_Rosalynde_,
Rowe, Mrs. Elizabeth,
Rowe, Nicholas,
_Roxana_, see _Fortunate Mistress, The_
Sappho,
Savage, Richard,
Scott, Sir Walter,
_Select Collection of Novels and Histories, Mrs. Haywood's_,
_Secret Histories, Novels and Poems_,
_Secret History of Mama Oello, The_,
_Secret History of the Present Intrigues of the Court of Carimania,
The_,
_Secret Memoirs of the late Mr. Duncan Campbel_,
Shadwell, Thomas,
_Shakespeare Restored_,
Shebbeare, John,
Sloane, Sir Hans,
Smollett, George Tobias,
South Sea bubble,
_Specimens of British Poetesses_,
_Spectator, The_,
_Spy upon the Conjurer, A_,
_Stage-Coach Journey to Exeter, A_,
Stanley, Col.,
_Statesman's Progress, The_,
Steele, Richard,
Sterling, James,
_Supernatural Philosopher, The_,
_Surprise, The_,
_Swift, Jonathan_,
_Tatler, The_,
_Tea-Table, The_,
Thackeray, William Makepeace,
Theobald, Lewis,
Thomas, Mrs.,
_Time's Telescope_,
_Timon of Athens_,
_Tom Jones_,
_Tragedy of Tragedies_,
_Turkish Spy, The_,
_Unequal Conflict, The_,
_Unfortunate Princess, The_,
_Utopia, see Memoirs of a Certain Island_
_Venice Preserved_,
Villedieu, Mme de,
_Virtuous Villager, The_,
Walpole, Horace,
Walpole, Sir Robert,
Welsted, Leonard,
_Wife, The_,
_Wife to be Lett, A_,
Woolston, Thomas,
_Works_, Mrs. Haywood's,
Yonge, Sir William,
_Young Lady, The_,