─────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────┬────────────_Municipal housecleaning

City │How is Efficiency │ System and │ Organization of

│ of Employees │ Method of │ Street Cleaning

│ Checked Up? │ Street │ Force

│ │ Cleaning │

│ │ │

─────────────┼──────────────────┼──────────────┼─────────────────

Buffalo │Supervisor. │Residential, │

│ │ hand and │

│ │ machine │

│ │ sweeping; │

│ │ business, │

│ │ flushing and│

│ │ White Wings.│

Beacon │ │ │

Binghamton │ │Swept at │

│ │ night. │

│ │ │

Cincinnati │Foreman’s field │Residential, │Foremen, drivers,

│ reports. │ flushing │ helpers, broom-

│ │ followed by │ men and White

│ │ guttermen; │ Wings.

│ │ business, │

│ │ flushing │

│ │ followed by │

│ │ White Wings.│

│ │ Flushing at │

│ │ night except│

│ │ in winter. │

│ │ Streets not │

│ │ flushed are │

│ │ broomed by │

│ │ gangs. │

Cambridge │None. │Residential, │

│ │ swept twice │

│ │ year; │

│ │ business, │

│ │ once a week.│

Chicago │Supervision by │Residential, │

│ ward │ block │

│ superintendent │ system; each│

│ and section │ man has │

│ foreman. │ section to │

│ │ clean. │

│ │ Business the│

│ │ same. │

Camden │ │ │

Columbus │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │

Cortland │Complaints of │ │

│ residents. │ │

Dunkirk │ │ │

Denver │Supervision. │Residential, │

│ │ sweepers; │

│ │ business, │

│ │ White Wings │

│ │ and │

│ │ flushers. │

Elmira │ │Residential, │

│ │ day flushing│

│ │ and gang │

│ │ picking; │

│ │ business, │

│ │ night │

│ │ flushing and│

│ │ day patrol. │

Fall River │None. │Daily patrol │

│ │ in business │

│ │ section; │

│ │ scrap │

│ │ gutters in │

│ │ residential │

│ │ twice a │

│ │ year. │

Grand Rapids │ │ │

Hudson │ │ │

Jamestown │ │ │

│ │ │

Kansas City │Monthly, grades by│Residence, │In gangs under

│ commissioner to │ winter, hand│ foreman and

│ civil. │ sweeping; │ district

│ │ summer, │ superintendent.

│ │ flushing. │

│ │ Business, │

│ │ service. │

│ │ flush at │

│ │ night. │

Kingston │ │ │

Los Angeles │Thorough │Patrol system.│Five foremen in 5

│ supervision. │ │ districts.

│ │ │

Louisville │ │ │

Lowell │ │Residential, │Foreman, 8 men,

│ │ patrol; │ two teams in

│ │ business, │ residential.

│ │ patrol and │ Foreman, 8 men,

│ │ machine │ 2 teams,

│ │ sweeping. │ machine sweeper

│ │ │ and sprinkler.

Lynn │By foreman. │ │

Lackawanna │Foreman. │Sweeper, │One gang for each

│ │ sprinkler, │ ward.

│ │ push brooms.│

Little Falls │ │ │7 sweepers with

│ │ │ one street

│ │ │ superintendent.

Milwaukee │ │ │

Middletown │ │A section │

│ │ assigned to │

│ │ sweeper; │

│ │ flushed │

│ │ after hand │

│ │ sweeping. │

Mechanicville│None. │Hand sweeping.│One man on given

│ │ │ beat.

New York City│Officers. │Hand and │District

│ │ machine │ superintendent,

│ │ sweeping, │ section

│ │ hose and │ foreman,

│ │ machine │ assistant

│ │ flushing, │ section

│ │ squeegeeing,│ foreman,

│ │ litter │ sweepers,

│ │ picking. │ drivers.

│ │ │

New Orleans │ │Smooth │

│ │ surfaces │

│ │ flushed │

│ │ daily. Hand │

│ │ broom men │

│ │ follow │

│ │ flushers. │

│ │ Business │

│ │ section │

│ │ cleaned at │

│ │ night by │

│ │ flushers and│

│ │ hand │

│ │ cleaning. │

New Bedford │ │ │

Newark │ │Ten districts.│

│ │ Number of │

│ │ men assigned│

│ │ to each │

│ │ according to│

│ │ size of │

│ │ district. │

Norwich │None. │Sweep to │Sweeper team,

│ │ gutters, │ wagon team.

│ │ shovel into │

│ │ piles and │

│ │ then into │

│ │ wagons. │

New Rochelle │Supervision of │By hand broom.│

│ Commissioner and│ │

│ time keeper. │ │

Niagara Falls│By 2 deputy │Residential, │

│ superintendents.│ sweeping; │

│ │ business, │

│ │ flushing. │

Newburgh │ │ │

Oakland │Patrolmen visited │Small gangs on│Gangs of 6 to 8

│ once or twice │ macadam, │ men under sub-

│ daily by │ occasional │ foreman.

│ foreman; │ flushing │ Directed by

│ contract work │ after wet- │ district

│ inspected daily.│ weather. │ superintendent

│ │ Machine │ of streets on

│ │ sweeping and│ macadam. Patrol

│ │ patrol. │ and machine

│ │ │ sweeping.

Oswego │ │Pick-up │

│ │ sweeper, │

│ │ flushing and│

│ │ hand │

│ │ sweeping. │

Ogdensburg │By foremen. │Residential │

│ │ sprinkled │

│ │ and machine │

│ │ swept; │

│ │ business │

│ │ patrolled │

│ │ and flushed.│

Philadelphia │Inspectors │Blockmen │Machines followed

│ supervised by │ assigned to │ by gangs and

│ district │ sections by │ carts and

│ engineers. │ chief of │ wagons, number

│ │ bureau; │ depending on

│ │ patrol duty.│ length of haul

│ │ Inlets │ to dump, season

│ │ cleaned, │ of the year and

│ │ county roads│ traffic.

│ │ cleaned. │

Providence │Foreman’s daily │Residential, │Residential,

│ report of │ gangs; │ foreman, 17 men

│ neglect of duty.│ business, │ and 10 single

│ │ patrol. │ teams;

│ │ │ business,

│ │ │ patrol in

│ │ │ charge of

│ │ │ foreman.

Rochester │ │Residential, │

│ │ gang and │

│ │ patrol; │

│ │ business, │

│ │ patrol. │

Rensselaer │ │ │

Reading │ │ │

Richmond │ │ │

│ │ │

St. Louis │ │ │

│ │ │

San Francisco│Time cards, trip │ │Residential,

│ cards, │ │ gangs of

│ efficiency cards│ │ foremen, 3

│ as to │ │ laborers and 2

│ attendance, │ │ teams each.

│ sobriety and │ │ Business,

│ obedience. │ │ blockmen,

│ │ │ night-gangs of

│ │ │ 2 foremen, 9

│ │ │ laborers and 8

│ │ │ double teams.

Salt Lake │ │White Wings │

City │ │ and │

│ │ flushing. │

Springfield │Foreman calls on │Residential, │Individuals and

│ each man several│ crosswalk │ gangs.

│ times daily. │ sweepers, │

│ │ machine │

│ │ cleaning, │

│ │ gutter │

│ │ scraping. │

│ │ Business, │

│ │ squeegeeing,│

│ │ flushing, │

│ │ patrol. │

Seattle │Reports from │Residential, │Residential,

│ foremen and │ flushing, │ under sub-

│ district │ sweeping and│ foreman;

│ foremen. │ patrol; │ business, under

│ │ business, │ district

│ │ flushing and│ foreman.

│ │ patrol. │

Scranton │ │Business, hand│

│ │ and machine │

│ │ sweeping and│

│ │ flushing. │

│ │ Residential │

│ │ hand and │

│ │ machine │

│ │ sweeping. │

Troy │ │Smooth streets│

│ │ flushed, │

│ │ rough │

│ │ streets and │

│ │ brick, │

│ │ machine │

│ │ swept. │

│ │ Patrol. │

Utica │ │ │

Washington │Unit cost, │Residential, │Assistant

│ conditions, │ machine and │ superintendent,

│ observation. │ hand │ chief

│ │ cleaning, │ inspector,

│ │ squeegeeing,│ foremen,

│ │ flushing, │ working force.

│ │ oiling and │

│ │ sprinkling. │

│ │ Business, │

│ │ patrol, │

│ │ squeegeed or│

│ │ flushed. │

─────────────┴──────────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────────

─────────────┬──────────────┬──────────────────┬────────────────────

City │ Innovations │ How Are Machines │ Gallons Water Used

│ that Have │ Routed? │ per 1,000 Sq. Yds

│ Reduced Cost │ │ Cleaned

│ of Cleaning │ │

│ │ ├────────┬───────────

│ │ │Flushing│ Squeegee

│ │ │Machine │

│ │ │ │

─────────────┼──────────────┼──────────────────┼────────┼───────────

Buffalo │ │By districts. │ │

│ │ │ │

Beacon │ │ │ │

Binghamton │Will clean │Usually in │ 500.│No horses.

│ between 11 │ batteries of │ │

│ P.M. and 7 │ three. │ │

│ A.M. when │ │ │

│ traffic is │ │ │

│ light and │ │ │

│ few autos │ │ │

│ are parked. │ │ │

Cincinnati │ │3 men to each │ 844.│Yes.

│ │ route. │ │ Private

│ │ │ │ contract.

│ │ │ │

Cambridge │No. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Chicago │ │ │ 400.│65.

│ │ │ │

Camden │ │ │ │

Columbus │ │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │ │

Cortland │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Dunkirk │ │ │ │

Denver │Sweep streets │According to │ │

│ before │ nature of dirt. │ │

│ flushing. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Elmira │ │ │ │400. No.

│ │ │ │

Fall River │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Grand Rapids │ │ │ │

Hudson │ │ │ │

Jamestown │ │Two routes, north │ │

│ │ and south side │ │

│ │ of city. │ │

Kansas City │No. │Districts. │5,000,000 daily for

│ │ │ all flushing except

│ │ │ squeegeeing.

│ │ │

Kingston │ │ │ │

Los Angeles │Routed all men│ │ 4,900.│Wagons.

│ or assigned │ │ │

│ to each │ │ │

│ route to │ │ │

│ increase │ │ │

│ from │ │ │

│ business │ │ │

│ center out. │ │ │

Louisville │ │ │ │

Lowell │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Lynn │No. │ │ │

Lackawanna │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Little Falls │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Milwaukee │ │ │ │

Middletown │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Mechanicville│ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

New York City│Motorized a │Area and traffic │ │

│ section │ conditions. │ │

│ known as │ │ │

│ model │ │ │

│ district; │ │ │

│ systematized│ │ │

│ machine │ │ │

│ sweeping, │ │ │

│ squeegeeing │ │ │

│ and hose │ │ │

│ flushing │ │ │

│ covered │ │ │

│ parts. │ │ │

New Orleans │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

New Bedford │ │ │ │

Newark │Men held │ │ │

│ responsible │ │ │

│ for these │ │ │

│ districts. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Norwich │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

New Rochelle │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Niagara Falls│ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Newburgh │ │ │ │

Oakland │Readjusted │Swept 2,3,4 and 6 │ │

│ patrol │ times weekly. 2 │ │

│ routes; │ and 3 times │ │

│ substituted │ schedules │ │

│ hand patrol │ adjacent to 4 │ │

│ for suction │ and 6 times │ │

│ sweeper. │ schedules. │ │

│ │ │ │

Oswego │ │By yardage. │ │

│ │ │ │

Ogdensburg │Flushing. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Philadelphia │Street │Batteries of 2 or │ 300.│250.

│ cleaning │ 3. │ │

│ parade │ │ │

│ annually. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Providence │ │Divide into 6 │ │

│ │ sections. │ │

│ │ │ │

Rochester │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Rensselaer │ │ │ │

Reading │ │ │ │

Richmond │Elgin machine │ │ │

│ sweeping in │ │ │

│ residential │ │ │

│ section. │ │ │

St. Louis │By scrubbing │ │ │

│ business │ │ │

│ districts │ │ │

│ streets │ │ │

│ nightly cost│ │ │

│ reduced 40¢.│ │ │

│ per great │ │ │

│ square. │ │ │

San Francisco│ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Salt Lake │ │ │ │Wagons and

City │ │ │ │ some

│ │ │ │ horses.

Springfield │ │ │ │Some.

│ │ │ │

Seattle │Flushing is │ │ │

│ most │ │ │

│ economical. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Scranton │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Troy │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Utica │ │By districts. │ │

Washington │ │By foremen, │ 1,500.│162.

│ │ subject to │ │

│ │ superintendent’s│ │

│ │ approval. │ │

│ │ │ │

─────────────┴──────────────┴──────────────────┴────────┴───────────

─────────────┬───────────┬────────────────────────────────

City │ City Own │ Street Sprinkling

│Horses and │

│ Wagons? │

│ │

│ ├───────────┬───────────┬────────

│ │ Sprinkle │ Sq. Yds. │Driver’s

│ │Streets for│ Sprinkled │ Daily

│ │Laying Dust│During Year│Wage[14]

│ │ Only? │ │

─────────────┼───────────┼───────────┼───────────┼────────

Buffalo │Yes. │Yes. │ 18,000,000│

│ │ │ │

Beacon │ │ │ │

Binghamton │By private │ │ │

│ contract.│ │ │

│ │ │ │

Cincinnati │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Cambridge │Yes. │Yes. │ │

│ │ │ │

Chicago │No. │No. │ │

│ │ │ │

Camden │ │ │ │

Columbus │ │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │ │

Cortland │ │Yes. │ 86,133.│ 4.00.

│ │ │ │

Dunkirk │ │ │ │

Denver │No. │Yes. │ │ 2.25.

│ │ │ │

Elmira │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Fall River │ │Some. │ │ 2.65.

│ │ │ │

Grand Rapids │ │Yes. │ 236 miles.│

Hudson │ │Yes. │ 358,000│ 2.10

Jamestown │Yes. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Kansas City │Yes, some │By contract│ │

│ hired. │ No. │ │

│ │ │ │

Kingston │Yes. │ │ │

Los Angeles │Yes. │447 miles, │ │

│ │ 40′ │ │

│ │ width. │ │

│ │ │ │

Louisville │Yes. │ │ │

Lowell │Yes. │Yes. │ │ 2.50.

│ │ │ │

Lynn │Yes. │Yes. │ │ 3.04.

Lackawanna │No. │Yes. │ 313,550.│

│ │ │ │

Little Falls │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Milwaukee │ │ │ │

Middletown │Yes. │Yes. │ │

│ │ │ │

Mechanicville│Wagons. │Yes. │ │

│ │ │ │

New York City│Yes. │Contractor.│ │

│ │ │ │

New Orleans │ │ │ │ 2.00

│ │ │ │

New Bedford │Yes. │Yes. │ │ 2.50.

Newark │ │No. │ │

│ │ │ │

Norwich │Wagons. │Yes. │ │ 1.60.

│ │ │ │

New Rochelle │Yes. │Yes. │ │ 2.25.

│ │ │ │

Niagara Falls│Wagons. │Some. │ │

│ │ │ │

Newburgh │Yes. │ │ │

Oakland │Yes. │Macadam │ │$2.25 to

│ │ streets. │ │ $3.00

│ │ │ │

Oswego │No. │No. │ │

│ │ │ │

Ogdensburg │No. │Some. │ │ 1.75.

│ │ │ │

Philadelphia │No. │Yes. │ │

│ │ │ │

Providence │Yes. │No. │ │

│ │ │ │

Rochester │No. │Yes. │ │

│ │ │ │

Rensselaer │No. │Yes. │ │

Reading │ │ │ │

Richmond │No. │Yes. │ │

│ │ │ │

St. Louis │Yes, │Yes, by │ 14,000,000│

│ flushers │ contract.│ │

│ hired. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

San Francisco│No. │Yes. │382,344,303│

│ │ │ │

Salt Lake │Yes. │150 miles. │ │

City │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Springfield │ │ │ │ 30¢.

│ │ │ │ hour.

│ │ │ │

Seattle │Yes. │No. │ │

│ │ │ │

Scranton │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Troy │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Utica │No. │No. │ │

Washington │Yes. │Some │ │ 2.25.

│ │ macadam │ │ 1.75.

│ │ unpaved │ │

│ │ and │ │

│ │ streets. │ │

│ │ │ │

─────────────┴───────────┴───────────┴───────────┴────────

Table I (h)

STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)

─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────

City │ STREET SPRINKLING

├────────┬─────────────┬────────────┬────────

│ Daily │Total Annual │Paid out of │Paid by

│Cost per│ Cost of │ City’s │Abutting

│Team[14]│ Street │ General │Property

│ │ Sprinkling │ Fund? │Owners?

│ │ │ │

─────────────┼────────┼─────────────┼────────────┼────────

Buffalo │ │ $10,000.00│ │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Beacon │ │ │ │

Binghamton │ │ │ │

Cincinnati │ │ │ │

Cambridge │ │40,000.00[15]│No. │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Chicago │ │ │ │

Camden │ │ │ │

Columbus │ │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │ │

Cortland │ │ 948.68│ │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Dunkirk │ │ │ │

Denver │ $2.50│ 80,227.95│Yes. │

│ │ │ │

Elmira │ │ │ │

Fall River │ 6.00│ 2,809.24│No. │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Grand Rapids │ │ 25,131.23│ │

Hudson │ │ 1,500.00│Yes. │

Jamestown │ │ │ │

Kansas City │ │ │ │

Kingston │ │ │ │

Los Angeles │ 4.45│ │ │No.

│ │ │ │

Louisville │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Lowell │ 6.00│ │$17,000 │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Lynn │ │ 24,061.77│ │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Lackawanna │ 4.75│ │ │Yes.

Little Falls │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Milwaukee │ │ 60,310.05│5,205.28[17]│Most.

│ │ │ │

Middletown │ │ │No. │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Mechanicville│ 5.00│ 1,200.00│Yes. │

New York City│ │ │ │

New Orleans │ │ │ │

New Bedford │ │ 3,061.59│Yes. │

Newark │ │ │ │

Norwich │ 5.00│ 1,700.00│No. │50%

New Rochelle │ │ 1,202.32│Yes. │

Niagara Falls│ 5.00│ 2,000.00│Yes. │

Newburgh │ │ │ │

Oakland │ 5.00–│ 43,651.95│Yes. │

│ 6.00│ │ │

Oswego │ │ │ │

Ogdensburg │ 4.00│ │ │Yes.

Philadelphia │ │ 24,367.14│Yes. │

Providence │ │ │ │

Rochester │ │ 42,271.73│ │Yes.

│ │ │ │

Rensselaer │ │ │ │

Reading │ │ │ │

Richmond │ │ │ │

St. Louis │ │ 250,000.00│ │Yes.

│ │ │ │

San Francisco│ │ │Yes. │No.

Salt Lake │ 4.50│ 25,000.00│Yes. │

City │ │ │ │

Springfield │ │ 13,493.68│Yes. │

│ │ │ │

Seattle │ │ │ │

Scranton │ │ │ │

Troy │ │ │ │

Utica │ │ │ │

Washington │ 3.55│ 4,633.58│Yes. │

─────────────┴────────┴─────────────┴────────────┴────────

─────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────

City │ STREET SPRINKLING

├────────────────────┬─────────────┬──────────

│ Method of │Total Gallons│ Average

│Assessment. Who Pays│ Used a Year │ Rate of

│ for Street │ for │Assessment

│ Intersections? │ Sprinkling │ per Foot

│ │ │Front for

│ │ │Sprinkling

─────────────┼────────────────────┼─────────────┼──────────

Buffalo │No charge for │ 7,500,000│ 10¢

│ intersections. │ │

Beacon │ │ │

Binghamton │ │ │

Cincinnati │ │ │

Cambridge │4¢. front foot each │ 15,000,000│ 4¢.

│ side; │ │

│ intersections │ │

│ sections not │ │

│ counted. │ │

Chicago │ │ │

Camden │ │ │

Columbus │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │

Cortland │City pays for │ 6,470│ 5¢.

│ intersections. │ │

Dunkirk │ │ │

Denver │ │ 311,364,000│

│ │ │

Elmira │ │ │

Fall River │Intersections paid │ 4,403,200│ 2¢.

│ by city. │ │

Grand Rapids │ │ 117,821,750│

Hudson │ │ │

Jamestown │ │ │

Kansas City │ │ │

Kingston │ │ │

Los Angeles │ │ 40,000 tanks│

│ │ per month,│

│ │each tank 550│

│ │ gallons.│

Louisville │City pays for │ │ 5.5¢.

│ intersections.[16]│ │

Lowell │No pay for │ │ 5¢.

│ intersections. │ │

Lynn │per foot front in │ │

│ residential; 8¢. │ │

│ in business. │ │

Lackawanna │ │ │

Little Falls │ │ │

│ │ │

Milwaukee │Assessed to property│ │ 1.6¢.[18]

│ owners. │ │

Middletown │City pays for │ │

│ intersections ½c. │ │

│ per front foot per│ │

│ week. │ │

Mechanicville│ │ 8,000,000│

New York City│ │ │

New Orleans │ │ │

New Bedford │ │ │

Newark │ │ │

Norwich │ │ │ 3¢.

New Rochelle │ │ 1,100,509│

Niagara Falls│ │ │

Newburgh │ │ │

Oakland │ │ 10,197,400│

│ │ Cu. Ft.│

Oswego │ │ │

Ogdensburg │ │ │

Philadelphia │ │ │

Providence │ │ │

Rochester │ │ │

│ │ │

Rensselaer │ │ │

Reading │ │ │

Richmond │ │ │

St. Louis │Special tax 4¢. per │1,727,362,500│ 4¢.

│ foot front. │ │

San Francisco│ │ │

Salt Lake │ │ │

City │ │ │

Springfield │ │ │

│ │ │

Seattle │ │ │

Scranton │ │ │

Troy │ │ │

Utica │ │ │

Washington │ │ │

─────────────┴────────────────────┴─────────────┴──────────

─────────────┬─────────────────────────────

City │ STREET SPRINKLING

├─────────────┬───────────────

│ Does This │Do Corporations

│Include Cost │ Sprinkle

│ of Water or │ Streets on

│is Water Non-│ Which the

│ assessable? │ Trolley Cars

│ │ Run?

─────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────

Buffalo │Yes. │On two streets.

│ │

Beacon │ │

Binghamton │ │

Cincinnati │ │

Cambridge │No. │No.

│ │

Chicago │ │

Camden │ │

Columbus │ │

Cleveland │ │

Cortland │Yes. │No.

│ │

Dunkirk │ │

Denver │City pays $25│No.

│ a year for │

│ hydrant for│

│ all │

│ purposes. │

Elmira │ │No.

Fall River │Non- │No.

│ assessable.│

Grand Rapids │ │Yes.

Hudson │ │

Jamestown │ │

Kansas City │ │

Kingston │ │

Los Angeles │ │No.

│ │

Louisville │Yes. │No.

│ │

Lowell │No cost. │No.

│ │

Lynn │ │

│ │

Lackawanna │ │

Little Falls │Non- │No.

│ assessable.│

Milwaukee │Non- │

│ assessable.│

Middletown │Non- │No.

│ assessable.│

│ │

Mechanicville│ │No.

New York City│ │

New Orleans │ │

New Bedford │ │ [19]

Newark │ │

Norwich │Yes. │No.

New Rochelle │ │Yes.

Niagara Falls│ │Yes.

Newburgh │ │

Oakland │ │Few cases.

│ │

Oswego │ │No.

Ogdensburg │ │No.

Philadelphia │ │No.

Providence │ │

Rochester │ │Pays

│ │ proportionate

│ │ cost.

Rensselaer │ │

Reading │ │

Richmond │ │

St. Louis │Non- │

│ assessable.│

San Francisco│ │At times.

Salt Lake │ │

City │ │

Springfield │Yes. │Yes, $100 a

│ │ mile.

Seattle │ │Yes.[20]

Scranton │ │

Troy │ │No.

Utica │ │

Washington │ │

─────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────

Table I (j)

STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)

─────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────

City │ COST DATA

─────────────┼─────────┬────────────┬────────────┬─────────────

│ Street │ Yearly │ Total Cost │Salaries and

│Cleaning │ Contract │ of Street │ Wages

│ Done by │ Price │ Cleaning │

│ City or │ │ Year, │

│Contract │ │Exclusive of│

│ │ │Snow Removal│

─────────────┼─────────┼────────────┼────────────┼─────────────

Buffalo │City. │ │ $146,517.43│ $84,499.70

Beacon │City. │ │ │

Binghamton │City. │ │ │

Cincinnati │City. │ │ 186,847.17│

Cambridge │City. │ │ 59,300.00│ 47,500.00

Chicago │City. │ │ │

Camden │City. │ │ 26,056.80│

Columbus │City. │ │ 126,897.19│ 94,180.68

│ │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Cortland │City. │ │ 31,000.00│

Dunkirk │Contract.│ 2.8¢. per│ │

│ │ Sq. Yd per│ │

│ │ season.│ │

Denver │City. │ │ 108,296.60│

│ │ │ │

Elmira │City. │ │ 11,748.20│ 10,047.18

Fall River │City. │ │ 53,867.80│

Grand Rapids │City. │ │ │

Hudson │City. │ │ 1,400.00│

Jamestown │City. │ │ 5,638.70│ 3,983.67

Kansas City │City. │ │ 200,000.00│ 170,000.00

Kingston │City. │ │ 9,500.00│ 9,300.00

Los Angeles │City. │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Louisville │City. │ │ 80,819.80│

Lowell │City. │ │ │

Lynn │City. │ │ 29,298.85│

Lackawanna │City. │ │ │

Little Falls │City. │ │ │

Milwaukee │City. │ │ 238,335.00│

│ │ │ including│

│ │ │ sprinkling.│

Middletown │City. │ │ 3,975.65│

New York City│City. │ │7,643,936.74│ 5,380,620.63

New Orleans │City. │ │ 322,000.00│

New Bedford │City. │ │ 60,478.81│

Newark │City. │ │ 268,732.54│ 237,213.15

Norwich │City. │ │ │

New Rochelle │City. │ │ 37,665.71│ 34,974.67

Niagara Falls│City. │ │ 118,000.00│

Newburgh │City. │ │ 9,000.00│

Oakland │Both. │ $44,663.44│ 74,951.32│25.969.25[25]

Oswego │City. │ │ 4,231.41│ 3,226.01

Ogdensburg │City. │ │ 4,428.66│

Philadelphia │Contract.│1,232.847.00│ │

Providence │City. │ │ │

Rochester │City. │ │ 183,783.44│

Rensselaer │City. │ │ 2,740.00│

Reading │Contract.│ Three year│ │

│ │basis $12.90│ │

│ │ per city│ │

│ │ square,│ │

│ │ length 540│ │

│ │ ft. $35,000│ │

│ │ a year.│ │

Richmond │City. │ │ Not│

│ │ │ separated│

│ │ │from garbage│

│ │ │ and ash│

│ │ │ collection.│

St. Louis │City. │ │ 527,000.00│

│ │ │ │

San Francisco│City. │ │ 350,400.00│

Salt Lake │City. │ │ │

City │ │ │ │

Springfield │City. │ │ 243,952.86│

Seattle │City. │ │ 148,456.56│

Scranton │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │

Troy │City. │ │ │

Utica │City. │ │ │

Washington │City. │ │ 264,869.70│

─────────────┴─────────┴────────────┴────────────┴─────────────

─────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

City │ COST DATA

─────────────┼──────────┬───────────┬───────────┬──────────┬──────────

│ New │Repairs and│ Other │ Cost per │ Average

│Appliances│Maintenance│ Expenses │1,000 Sq. │ Cost per

│ │ of │ │ Yds. │Sq. Yd. of

│ │Appliances │ │ Street │ Hand

│ │ │ │ Cleaning │ Sweeping

│ │ │ │ Done │

─────────────┼──────────┼───────────┼───────────┼──────────┼──────────

Buffalo │$17,233.42│ $44,784.41│ │ 28¢.│ 30¢.

Beacon │ │ │ │ │

Binghamton │ │ │ │ │

Cincinnati │ │ │ │ .00035│

Cambridge │ 500.00│ 300.00│ $11,000.00│ │

Chicago │ │ │ │ │

Camden │ │ 238.09│ │ │

Columbus │ │ │ │ │ .388¢.

│ │ │ │ │

Cleveland │ │ │ │ │.42786 per

│ │ │ │ │ Gr. Sq.

Cortland │ │ │ │ │

Dunkirk │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

Denver │ │ │ │ One-sixth│ 15–100 of

│ │ │ │of a mill.│ a mill.

Elmira │ 1,000.00│ 711.52│ │ 0.397│ 0.321

Fall River │ │ │ │ │

Grand Rapids │ │ │ │ │

Hudson │ │ │ │ │

Jamestown │ │ 1,655.03│ │ │ .1464¢.

Kansas City │ │ 30.000.00│ │ │

Kingston │ 100.00│ 50.00│ 50.00│ │

Los Angeles │ │ │ │ │ .069 to

│ │ │ │ │ .285 per

│ │ │ │ │ day.[23]

Louisville │ │ │ │ │

Lowell │ │ │ │ │

Lynn │ │ │ │ │

Lackawanna │ │ │ │ │

Little Falls │ │ │ │ │

Milwaukee │ │ │ │ │ 26.2¢-

│ │ │ │ │35.3¢.[23]

│ │ │ │ │

Middletown │ │ │ │ │

New York City│ │ │ │ │

New Orleans │ │ │ │ │

New Bedford │ │ │ │ │

Newark │ │ │ │ │

Norwich │ │ │ │ │

New Rochelle │ │ 2,245.79│ 445.25│ 26¢.│ .027¢.

Niagara Falls│ │ 20,000.00│ 10,000.00│ │

Newburgh │ │ │ │ │

Oakland │ │ 436.75│3881.88[25]│.00366[26]│ .201[23]

Oswego │ 517.79│ 457.61│ │ │

Ogdensburg │ │ │ │ │

Philadelphia │ │ │ │ │ 17.8¢[23]

Providence │ │ │ │ │

Rochester │ │ │ │ │

Rensselaer │ │ │ │ │

Reading │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

Richmond │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

St. Louis │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ │ │

San Francisco│ 6,000.00│ │ │ │

Salt Lake │ │ │ │ │

City │ │ │ │ │

Springfield │ │ │ │ │ .00035

Seattle │ │ │ │ │

Scranton │ │ │ │ │ 17 to

│ │ │ │ │ 35¢.[23]

Troy │ │ │ │ │

Utica │ │ │ │ │

Washington │ │ │ │ │$ .156[23]

─────────────┴──────────┴───────────┴───────────┴──────────┴──────────

─────────────┬─────────────────────────────

City │ COST DATA

├─────────────┬───────────────

│Average Cost │ Average Cost

│ per Sq. Yd. │per Sq. Yd. of

│ of Machine │Squeegeeing[21]

│Flushing[21] │

│ │

─────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────

Buffalo │ │

Beacon │ │

Binghamton │ │

Cincinnati │ │

Cambridge │ │

Chicago │ │

Camden │ │

Columbus │ .617 per Gr.│

│ Sq.[22]│

Cleveland │ .15388 per│

│ Gr. Sq.[22]│

Cortland │ │

Dunkirk │ │

│ │

Denver │ 13–100 of a│

│ mill.│

Elmira │ 0.0815│

Fall River │ │

Grand Rapids │.0385[23][24]│

Hudson │ │

Jamestown │ │

Kansas City │ │

Kingston │ │

Los Angeles │ .16 to│

│ .21[23]│

│ │

Louisville │ │

Lowell │ │

Lynn │ │

Lackawanna │ │

Little Falls │ │

Milwaukee │ 25.5¢.[23]│

│ │

Middletown │ │

New York City│ │

New Orleans │ │

New Bedford │ │

Newark │ │

Norwich │ │

New Rochelle │ │

Niagara Falls│ │

Newburgh │ │

Oakland │ │

Oswego │ │

Ogdensburg │ │

Philadelphia │ 16¢.[23]│ 18¢.[23]

Providence │ │

Rochester │ │

Rensselaer │ │

Reading │ │

│ │

Richmond │ │

│ │

St. Louis │ 1.25 per Gr.│ 92¢. per Gr.

│ Sq.│ Sq.

San Francisco│ │

Salt Lake │ │

City │ │

Springfield │ │ .00017

Seattle │ │

Scranton │ 18¢.[23][22]│

│ │

Troy │ │

Utica │ │

Washington │ $.262[23]│ .150[23]

─────────────┴─────────────┴───────────────

Table I (k)

STREET CLEANING IN AMERICAN CITIES (Continued)

─────────────┬──────────────────┬──────────────┬─────────────────