Abella, city of Campania, 95
Accadian concept of the abyss, 34-35; sun myth, 155
Adjacent method in mythology, the, 83
Adonis represents revival of vegetation, 135
Aeracura, Celtic deity, 294
Æacus, son of Zeus and Ægina, 206
_Æneid_, Servius's commentary on the, 78
Ængus, Irish deity, 295
Æolus, Greek wind-god, 133
Ætiological (explanatory) myth, 15 _n_.; story of Orestes an, 79;
Jevons on, 86-87; Marett on, 89
African myth, Lang on, 71; ideas of future life, 216
After-life, ideas of, 195 _et seq._
Agamedes, builder of Apollo's palace, 121
Agave, mother of Pentheus, 243
Agni, Hindu fire-god, 52, 130, 131, 256, 259; birth of, 160
Agricultural gods, 113, 128-129
Ahriman, Persian evil principle, 169; Molina on, 310
Ahts Indians, beast myth of, 145; creation myth of, 147;
fire-stealing myth of, 149; flood myth of, 153
Ai and Edda, dwarfs in Norse myth, 262
Aimon Kondi, deity of Arawak Indians, 139, 179
Ainu (Japan), soul myth of, 152
A-Kikuyus, myth to account for customs and rites of, 157
Alatnir, Slavonic magical instrument, 208
Albiorix, Celtic (Gaulish) deity, 204
Algonquin Indians, belief in destruction by fire, 139; myth of birth
of gods of, 144; dualistic myths of, 145; dismemberment myth of, 146;
creation myth of, 147, 177; culture myth of, 150; fire myth of, 152;
belief in after-life of, 212
_Algonquin Legends of New England_, Leland's, 271
Allatu, Queen of Assyrian Hades, 201-202, 288
'All-Father,' gods and sky-gods; 74 _n_.; Lang's theory
of the, 67-71, 73-74
Alligator as totem of Muskhogean Indians, 307
Ama-terasu, Japanese sun-goddess, 120, 168, 260
Amaethon, British deity, 296
_Amei-malghen_, guardian spirits of Araucanian Indians, 311
Amen, Egyptian god, 114
America, anthropological theories applied to myth of, by Payne, 84;
mound-building in, 305-306; sun-worship in, 305. _See also_
Brazil, Mexico, South America, _etc._
American Indians, North, myths of, 31; flint-gods of, 26 _et seq._;
fire myths of, 139; myth of origin of man of, 143; place of reward of,
153; star myth of, 156; creation myths of, 174-186; ideas of
after-life among, 211-215; mythic writings of, 270
Ancestor-worship, 104, 110-112
Andaman Islanders, fire-stealing myth of, 149
Andes, thunder-gods of, 122-123
Animal worship in Egypt, 45
Animatism, definition of, 22 _n._
Animism, definitions, 17, 22, 52; Tylor on origin of, 23 _n_.; place
in mythic development, 31; Tylor's theory regarding, 58-59; causes of,
according to Spencer, 59-60; Lang's criticism upon theory of, 72-73;
universal nature of early, 82; and the supernatural idea of water, 97;
definite form of, developed in Egypt, 97; origin of, Elliot Smith's
theory of the, 97; distinction between, and polytheism, 109; animistic
conception of thunder, 122; and corn myth, 129-130
Animistic myth, classes of, 23
Anthropological school of mythology 51; its criticism of Müller's
theories, 52-53; recognizes gender-termination as survival
from animistic stage, 53; its position, 54-55; Tiele on, 65-66;
'ignorant camp-followers' of, 66
Anthropomorphism, 20, 110, 119, 125 _et seq._
Anti, Araucanian sun-deity, 315
_Antike Wald- und Feldkulte_, Mannhardt's, 53
Antis Indians, dismemberment myth of, 146; culture myth of, 150;
flood myth of, 153
Anu, Babylonian deity, 166, 251, 288
Anubis, Egyptian god, 285
Apep, night-serpent in Egyptian myth, 99
Aphrodite, mandrake cult of, 93; description of, 285
Apollo, as fire, 41; apple cult of, 93, 94-95; as mistletoe, 95;
origin of, 95; as sun-god, 119; solar myth of, 121; as wielder
of lightning spear, 124, 127; as guardian of crops, 129; Homer
on, 258; described, 283-284; Celtic gods equated with, 294;
Bilé equated with, 296
_Apo-ulmenes_, 309-310
Apple-trees, cult of, 95
Apsaras, Hindu nymphs, 291
Apsu, Babylonian monster, 34, 166, 296
Aqas Xenas Xena, American Indian myth of, 214
_Aradia, the Gospel of the Witches of Italy_, Leland's, 236
Araucanian (Chilean) Indians, 308 _et seq._; Peruvian
influence upon myth of, 309-310; deluge myth of, 310-311;
lack of worship among, 311; castes of priests among, 312;
beliefs regarding the soul among, 313; place of the dead
according to, 313; funeral practices of, 313-314
Arawaks of Guiana, fire myth of, 139, 152; legend of world-tree
among, 141; culture myth of, 150; flood myth of, 153; creation
myth of, 177-179
Arianrhod, British deity, 296
Arician grove, cult of, 76; priest of, as incarnation of
tree-spirit, 77. See also _Golden Bough_
Aricoute, Tupi-Guarani hero, 183
Arran, sacred stone of, 27
Artemis, as moon, 41; mugwort cult of, 93; as moon-goddess, 127;
Homer on, 258
Arthur, King, as sun-hero, 122; his Round Table as the sun, 122
Aruru, creatrix of Eabani in the Gilgamesh epic, 250
_Ascent of Olympus, The_, Harris's, 93
Aschochimi Indians, beast myth of, 145; flood myth of, 153
Ashtaroth, or Astarte, compared with Venus, 285
Askr and Embla, Norse Adam and Eve, 170
Asshur, Assyrian god, 286; described, 288
Assyrian Hades, 201-203
Astrology and myth, 202
Athapascan Indians, creation myth of, 147, 179;
fire-stealing myth of, 149
Athene, Homer on, 20, 258; the name, 47 _n._; as owl, 94;
described, 284-285
Atius Tirawa, Caddoan creative deity, 181
Attys, vegetation god, 135
Augustine, St, on myth, 43
Aurora, Greek divinity, 50
Australia, early isolation of, 36-37
Australians (aboriginal), myth of moon of, 19; Lang on, 68; beast
myth of, 145; dualistic myth, of, 146; myth of origin of man of,
148; culture myth of, 150; taboo myth of, 150; death myth of,
151; star myth of, 156
Avaggdu, British deity, 296
Aztecs, war-god of, 32, 298; fire myth of, 152; myth of place of
reward of, 154; sun myth of, 155; moon myth of, 156; abode
of dead of, 211; deities of, 299.
_See also_ Mexicans
B
BAAL, Bealltainn sacrifice believed to be to, 240
Babylonians, creation myth of, 34-35, 146, 165-166, 173; dualistic
myth of, 145; culture myth of, 149; deluge myth of, 153;
place of punishment of, 154; myth of journey through
Underworld of, 154; food of the dead myth of, 155;
sun myth of, 155; moon myth of, 155; star myth of, 156,
252-253; general description of myths of, 286
Bacchus, connected with the earth, 134; Leland on invocation to, 237
Bacon, Francis, his interpretation of myth, 45
Bakairi Indians, star myth of, 140; and Orion, 141; creation-myth of, 182
Balder, his journey to Hel, 196
Balor, Celtic god, 294-295
Banier, Abbé, historical treatment of myth, 45
Bast, Egyptian goddess, 110
Bat-god of Kakchiquel steals seeds of fire, 268
Bealltainn, Scottish festival of, 240 _et seq._
Beast myths, table of, 144
Beelzebub, Syrian deity, 44
Beetle as creative agency in Egypt and South America, 181, 183
Bel in Gilgamesh epic, 253
Belenos, Celtic (Gaulish) deity, 294
Belial, 44
Bellerophon, Hellenic sun-hero, 122
Bel-Merodach, Babylonian god, 34; description of, 287-288
Belus, supposititious connexion of, with Bealltainn festival, 241-242
Beowulf, myth of, 121-122
Berecyntia, goddess of Autun, 294
Bhaga, Indian deity, 256
Biblical narrative, how it colours myth, 37
Biblical creation story, 167
Bilé, British god, 242, 296
Bird myths, 31-32
Birth of gods myths, table of, 144
Blood, natural food of spirits, 106
Blue Jay, god of Chinook Indians, myths of, 31-32, 68, 301-302
Boag, Johnny, legend of, 234
Boat-language of Scottish fishers, 235
Bohemian festival, return of summer, 136
_Book of the Dead_, 246
Boreas, Harris on, 95; as wind in Greek myth, 133
Bornean ideas of after-life, 216-217
Bororo Indians and Milky Way, 141
Borvo, Celtic (Gaulish) god, 294
"Bragaræthur," the, a portion of the Edda, 260
Brahma, Hindu deity, 115, 256, 290-291; as creator, 160, 162;
his mythological side, 291
Brahmanas, savagery in, 20
Bran, British deity, 296
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Abbé, French translator of _Popol Vuh,_
187-188, 290
Brazilian Indians, earth myth of, 134; fire myth of, 139; moon
myth of, 156
Bres, Celtic god, 295
Bretons, fire-stealing myth of, 149
"Brewing of _Ægir_, The," Norse myth, 262
Brigit, Irish goddess, 296
Brinton, Professor D. G., his _Myths of the New World_, 190-191;
mentioned by Leland, 270
Britain, totems in, 28
British gods, 296 _et seq._
Brounger, myth of, 26; folk-song on, 27 _et seq._
Browny, a goblin, 44
Bryant, Jacob, his _Analysis of Ancient Mythology_, 46
Buddhists, place of reward of, 153
Bull-roarer, 19; gods evolved from, 24
Buri, Norse primeval deity, 170
Burnt-offerings to spirits, 106-107
Burry Man, the, 135-137
Bushmen, myth of Kwai Hemm among, 19; dismemberment myth
among, 146; creation myth of, 147; myth of origin of man of,
148; culture myth of, 150; death myth of, 151; star myth
of, 156; moon myth of, 156
Buyán, isle of, 208
C
CABRAKAN, earth-giant in Kiche myth, 265 _et seq._
Cadmus, Greek solar hero, 122
Cahrocs, fire-stealing myth of, 149
Californian Indian creation myths, 180
Camulos, Celtic (Gaulish) tribal god, 294
Carayas Indians, culture myth of, 150
Caribs (Bakairi), their name for Earth-Mother, 134; name for
Milky Way, 141; (of Guiana) star myth of, 142; (Antillean)
beast myth of, 145; dismemberment myth of, 146; culture myth
of, 150; flood myth of, 153; place of reward of, 154; place
of punishment of, 154; creation myths of, 182
Castor and Pollux, their human form, 156
Caturix, Gaulish war-god, 294
Celtic myth of origin of heroes, 149; culture myth, 150; place
of reward, 153; place of punishment, 154; adventures in
Underworld, 155; sun myth, 155; creation myth, 169, 194;
Otherworld, 209-210; mythic system described generally, 294
_et seq._
Centeotl, Mexican maize-god, 134
Central Africans, death myth of, 151
Centzon Mimizcoa, Mexican name for the star-spirits, 211
Cephalus as sun, 50
Cerberus, dog guardian of Latin Hades, 44
Ceremonies representing details of myths, 87
Cherokee Indians, culture myth of, 150
Chiapas Indians, culture myth of, 150
Chicomecohuatl, Mexican maize-goddess, 299
Childhood, conservatism of, 64
_Childhood of Fiction_, Macculloch's, 222
Chinese creation myth, 166-167, 193
Chinook Indians, myths of, 31, 300-304; beast myth of, 145; myth of
journey through Underworld of, 155; food of the dead myth of, 155;
idea of after-life among, 213-214; mythic system of, 300-304
Chippeway Indian belief in after-life, 212
Choctaw Indians, myths of, 304; creation myth of, 306-307;
Paradise of, 307; priests of, 308
Cingalese, soul myth of, 152
Cipactli animal in Mexican myth, 98
Classification of myth, 138 _et seq._
Codex Regius, MS. of the Edda, 261-262
Coem, hero of Tupi-Guarani Indians, 183
Comes, Natalis, his interpretation of myth, 45
Compact with gods, 112-113, 117-118
Comparative mythology, 47
Comparative religion, 13
Comparative tables of myths, 144-157
Complementary process in folklore, 233
Con or Cun, thunder-god of the Collao of Peru, 309, 310
Conservatism of childhood, 64
Cook, Professor A. B., 89
Copacahuana, fish-goddess of Peruvians, 125-126, 315
Corn-sheaf, rites connected with, 128
Corn-spirit, 113-114; distinction between, and god, 128;
abode of, 129-130; as ruler of Underworld, 218
Cosmic egg in Japanese myth, 168
Cosmogony generally, _see_ Chapter VI, pp. 158 _et seq.; also_
Creation myths
Cosmogonies, relationship of, 187-193
'Covent Garden' school of mythology, 75
Cox, Rev. Sir G. W., advocates universality of the sun myth, 50;
on relationship of mythology to folklore, 223
Coyote, evil principle in Maidu
Indian creation myth, 180
Creation myths generally, _see_ Chapter VI, pp. 158 _et seq_.;
Babylonian, 34-35, 165-166; table of, 146-147; Egyptian, 163-165;
Chinese, 166-167; Jewish, 167; Japanese, 168; Iranian, 169;
Celtic, 169; Norse, 170; Mexican, 171-172; Peruvian, 173; American
Indian, 174-186; South American, 177-179; relationship of, 187-193;
conclusions on, 192-194; of the Choctaw Indians, 306-307
_Creation Myths of Primitive America_, Curtin's, 174
Creuzer, on religious nature of myth, 46
Cronus, and savage element in Greek myth, 18; as principle of time, 41;
deposed by his sons, 206; shares sovereignty of Elysium with
Rhadamanthus, 207
_Cult of Othin_, Chadwick's, 198
_Cultes, mythes, et religions_, Reinach's, 85, 109
Culture-heroes, 119
Culture myths, 149-150
Çupay, Peruvian lord of the dead, 212, 218
Cupid and Psyche, myth of, 143
Curtin, Jeremiah, his _Creation Myths of Primitive America_
quoted, 174-177
Custom, reasons for its adoption inspired by tradition, 96
Customs or rites, myths of, classified, 157
Cythrawl, Celtic evil principle, 169-170
D
DAGDA, Irish deity, 295
Dakota Indians, soul myth of, 212
Dancing and myth, 238-239
Danu, Celtic goddess, 295
Darmesteter and meteorological myths, 51
Dea Domnann, Celtic goddess, 295
Dead, the, as gods, 42
Death, myths of, 142, 150-151
De Brosses, his explanation of myth, 45
Delphi, Apolline garden at, 95
Deluge myth, 36-37; classified, 153; Babylonian, 252-253;
Araucanian, 310-311
Demeter, myth of, 129-130, 288, 304
Déné Indians--_see_ Tinneh
Departmental gods, 116, 117, 118
_De præstigiis dæmonum_, Wierus's, 232
Deucalion, 178
_Deutsche Mythologie_, 90
_Deutsche Sagen_, Brothers Grimm's, 90
Devetinus, a devil, 44
Dharma, Indian god of duty, 256
Diana, temple of, 78, 79; as moon-goddess, 127; Leland on, as
goddess of old religion, 237
Diana Nemorensis, priest of, 75
Diancecht, Irish deity, 295
_Dictionary of Mythology_, Spence's, 226
Dindje Indians, dismemberment myth of, 146
Dionysus, ivy cult of, 93, 94-95; and dismemberment myth, 143;
the rites of, 242 _et seq._; Homer on, 258
Dismemberment myths, 143; table of, 146
Distribution of myths, 70
Dragon, earth-, Great Mother evolved from, 98
Dragon legend, Elliot Smith on, 97-98
Dualism, 143-144
Dualistic myths, table of, 145-146; in Tupi mythology, 184
Duat, Egyptian Hades, 200-201
_Du culte des dieux fétiches, ou parallèle de l'ancienne religion de
l'Égypte avec la religion actuelle de Nigritie_, De Brosses's, 45
Durga, Hindu goddess, 291
Dyaus, Hindu Vedic deity, 289
E
EA, Babylonian deity, 126, 287; creation of, 166; in myth of
Ut-Napishtim, 253, 254
Eabani, type of primitive man in Gilgamesh epic, 250 _et seq._
Earth-gods, 133-135
Earth-Mother, 133; evolved from earth-dragon, 98
Eclectic system in mythology, rationality of, 115
Eddas, the, 260-262; the Younger or Prose, 260; the Elder or Poetic, 261
Editing of myth, Peruvian example of, 16; Babylonian instance of, 34-35
Egg, cosmic, in Indian myth, 162; in Egyptian myth, 165
Egyptians, Plutarch on gods of, 15; animal-worship of, 45; dualistic
myth of, 145; dismemberment myth among, 146; culture myth of, 149;
soul myth of, 152; flood myth of, 153; place of reward of, 153;
place of punishment of, 154, 200-201; myth of journey through
Underworld of, 154; sun myth of, 155; moon myth of, 155; star myth
of, 156; creation myths of, 163-165, 193; Paradise of, 198-200;
mythic writings of, 245-248; general description of myths of, 285-286
Elf-arrow, 27
Elixir of life, and dragon, 97; as human blood, 97
Elysium, 206-207
Enigohatgea (Bad Mind), in Iroquois myth, 191
Enigorio (Good Mind), in Iroquois myth, 191
En-lil, Babylonian thunder-god, 124; creation of, 166, 287
Eos, as dawn, 50
Epona, Celtic (Gaulish) horse-goddess, 294
Eponymous animals, 125
Epunamun, Araucanian deity, 309-310
Esaugetuh Emissee, Choctaw creative deity, 306-307
Eskimos, soul myth of, 152; star myth of, 156
Ethical influences upon myth, 217-218
Euhemerus, his system, 42
Evolution of gods, 102 _et seq._; associated with conception of
spirit, 102-104
_Evolution of the Dragon, The_, Elliot Smith's, 96
"Execration upon Vulcan," Jonson's, 280
F
_Faerie Queene_, mythological references in Spenser's, 278
Farnell, Lewis, his criticism of _The Golden Bough_, 81-83
Father May, May Day character in Brie, 136
Fauna, Latin rural deity, 135
Faunus, Latin rural deity, 135
Faust, Scottish, 228-233
Fetish, definition of, 24 _et seq._; difference between god
and, 25; development of, 104-108; air the element of, 106-107;
work of, 108; sale of, 108; religious ideas connected with,
lack force and permanence, 108; hunting, 116-117; sacrifice to, 116
Fetishism, in Greece, 20; nature of, 24 _et seq._; and evolution
of idea of god, 104, 107
Fiji Islanders, death myth of, 151
Finns, forest-god of, 76; dismemberment myth among, 146; creation myth
of, 147; food of the dead myth of, 155
Fire-gods, 130-131
Fire myths, 139; preponderance of American examples in, 139;
classification of, 152; myths of fire-stealing, 140, 149
Fire-stick, 94
Fisher beliefs of Scotland, 234
Fish-gods of America, 314-315
Fladdahuan (Hebrides), sacred stone in, 27
Flint-gods, 26
Flood myths, 36, 37; classified, 153; Babylonian, 252-253;
Araucanian, 310-311
Folklore, definition of, _12 et seq_.; and myth, 221 _et
seq._; complementary process in, 233
_Folklore as an Historical Science,_ Gomme's, 14 _n_.,
15 _n_., 90, 221, 233
Folk-tale, definition of, 12; appropriated by mythologists, 92;
and history, 92; dependence of, upon custom and superstition, 93
Fomorians, mythical Irish race of Titans, 294
Food of the dead, 37; myths of, classified, 155; the eating of, 304
Frazer, Sir J. G., definition of religion, 14; his _Golden Bough_,75;
his method founded on that of Mannhardt, 75; his thesis, 75-77;
criticism of, by Lang, 77-81
Freya, Teutonic goddess, 262, 292
Funeral practices of the Araucanian Indians, 313-314; of Pehuenche
Indians, 314
G
_GÆA_, Greek earth-goddess, 18, 134, 283
Gallinomero (Californian) Indians, place of punishment of, 154
Gandharvas, Hindu deities, 291
Ganesa, Hindu god, 291
Garnega, St, in _Sir John Rowll's Cursing_, 44
Garog, in _Sir John Rowll's Cursing,_ 44
Garonhia, Iroquois Indian deity, 305
Garuda, Hindu deity, 256
Gaul, gods of, 294
Gayatri, Hindu deity, 256
Gayomart, Persian Adam, 169
Gehenna, Hebrew Hell, 203-206
Gelfion, in Scandinavian myth, 260
Gender-terminations, effect of, in beliefs regarding natural
phenomena, 52; anthropological school regards, as early survivals, 53
_German Myths_, Mannhardt's, 53
Germany, myths of, 90
_Ghastly Priest, The_, Lang's essay on, 75-81
Gilgamesh epic, 248-255; astrological aspect of, 254-255
Glooskap, central figure of New England Indian legends, 270 _et seq._
God, idea of, not animistic, 72; conception of soul not essential to
idea of, 72; original idea of, as 'magnified non-natural man,' 73-74;
idea of, developed from deified king, 97
Gods, in animal shape, 19; dialectical misunderstandings alter
nomenclature of, 30; grouping of, into a pantheon, 30; alien,
identified with national, 34; as elements, 41-42; developed
from the dead, 42; graves of, 42; names of, no guide to their
nature, 52; of vegetation, 75; totems attached to, 109; compact
with the, 112-113; of the chase, later secondary position of, 113;
agricultural, 113, 129; departmental, 116, 117, 118; of the sea, 125;
idea of, as dwelling in the sky, 219
_Gods of Egypt, The_, Budge's, 165 _n._
Gog, in _Sir John Rowll's Cursing_, 44
Goibnin, Celtic smith-god, 263, 295-296
Golden bough of myth situated in the Arician grove, 76; Virgil
on, 77-78; Servius on, 77-78;
Virgil's idea of, equated by Lang with mystic sword of romance, 77, 81;
human sacrifice and, 78, Proserpine and, 78; temple of, 78; what is
the? 80-81
_Golden Bough, The_, Frazer's, 75 _et seq._; criticism of,
by Lewis Farnell, 81
Gomme, Sir G. Laurence, on traditional narrative, 91; his standpoint,
90-92; on folklore and myth, 221-222; on restoration of myth, 233-234
Gorgon's head, Shelley's poem on, 279
Govannon, Celtic smith-god, 263.
_See also_ Goibniu
Græco-Roman myth, 282-285
Grannos, Celtic (Gaulish) god, 294
Great Mother, cowrie-shell as, 99
Greeks, mysteries of, 19; early religion of, 93; myth of birth _of_
gods of, 144; beast myth among, 144-145; dualistic myth of, 145;
dismemberment myth of, 146; creation myth of, 146; origin of man myth
among, 148; myth of origin of heroes among, 149; fire-stealing myth
of, 149; culture myth of, 150; taboo myth of, 150; death myth of, 151;
soul myth of, 152; flood myth of, 153; place of reward of, 153; place
of punishment of, 154, 206-207; myth of journey through Underworld
of, 154; food of the dead myth among, 155; sun myth of, 155; moon
myth of, 156; star myth of, 156; myth to account for rites among, 157;
ideas of Elysian fields among, 207
Green George, St George's Day character in Carinthia, 136
Grimm, J. L. K., 90
Grimm, W. K., 90
Grubb, W. Barbrook, on Lengua Indian creation myth, 180-181
Guaracy, Tupi Indian sun-god, 184
Guatemalans, place of punishment of, 154
Gucumatz in Kiche _Popol Vuh_, 265
Guecubu, demon of Araucanians of Chile, 310
Gulcheman, Araucanian Indian place of the dead, 313
Gwion Bach, British god, 296
Gwydion, British deity, 296
Gylfi in Scandinavian myth, 260
H
HADES, Greek, 206-207
_Hahe_, Samoyede fetish, 105
Haida, American Indian thunder-god, 123
Hanuman, monkey king in Hindu myth, 289
Hare or Hare-skin Indians--_see_ Tinneh
Harog, Teutonic god or spirit, 45
Harris, Dr Rendel, his view on myth, 93-95; Elliot Smith on views of, 96
'Harrying of Hell,' myth of, 31
Hartland, Sidney, his theories, 92-93
Hathor, Egyptian goddess, 27
"Hávamál" Norse mythological hook, 261
Heaven, idea of, 195 _et seq._; localized in the sky, 218-219
Hebrews, myth of origin of heroes of, 149; taboo myth of, 150;
soul myth of, 152; fire myth of, 152; flood myth of, 153; creation
myth of, 167; place of punishment of, 203-206
Hecatæus of Miletus, his interpretation of myth, 42
Hecate, infernal goddess, 278
Heh, Egyptian sky-god, 165
Hel, the Teutonic Hades, 196-197
Hel, Teutonic goddess of death, 196, 197, 218
Hell, idea of, 195 _et seq._; localized as beneath the
earth, 219-220. _See also_ Places of punishment
Hephæstus, as fire, 41, 130-131, 284
Hera, Greek deity, as air, 41; mother of Hephæstus, 130;
Homer on, 258; wife of Zeus, 283; described, 284
Herman, G., explains myth by etymology, 48
Hermes, Greek deity, 284
Hermitten, Brazilian Indian hero-god, 183
Hero myths, classified, 149. _See also_ Culture myths
Herse, Greek deity, as the dew, 50
Hindus, dualistic myths of, 145; creation myths of, 147; myth of
origin of man among, 148; myths of origin of heroes among, 149;
death myth of, 151; flood myth of, 153; sun myth of, 155; star
myth of, 156, 159-160; gods of, 20, 289 _et seq._; mythical
literature of 255 _et seq._
History, its relation to myth, 15 _n._, 42, 58, 92
_History of the Affairs of New Spain_, Sahagun's, 210, 264
_History of the New World called America_, Payne's, 83, 84, 105
Hiyeda No Ra Rae, reciter of Japanese myth and history, 259
Homeric period, religion of, 258
Horus, Egyptian god, 29-30, 122, 198-199; confused with Great
Mother, 98; described, 286
Hottentot beliefs, 71; dualistic myths, 145; death myth, 151
Hun-Apu, Kiche god, adventures of, in _Popol Vuh_,265 _et seq._;
overcomes giants, 266, 302
Hunhun-Apu and Vukub-Hunapu, adventures of, in _Popol Vuh_, 266
_et seq._
Hunting gods, 116-117
Hurakan, Kiche creative god, 172, 309; in _Popol Vuh_, 265
Huron Indians, myth of the birth of gods among, 144; dualistic
myth of, 145; myth of the origin of man of, 148; culture myth
of, 150; death myth of, 151; moon myth of, 156; belief in
after-life of, 212
"Hymn to Proserpine," Swinburne's, mythical references in, 280
I
IKANAM, Chinook creator, 301
Ikenuwakcom, Indian thunder-god, 302
_Iliad_, the, 20, 257-259
Imagination, theory of the universal resemblance of human, 93
Incas (Peru), dualistic myth of, 145; creation myth of, 147
Indians of Nicaragua, their mode of sacrifice, 107
Indra, Hindu god, myth of, 20; as a quail, 123; birth of, 160;
mentioned, 130, 256, 289, 291
Inniskea, Irish island, sacred stone of, 27
Inspiration, value of, in mythic elucidation, 293
_Introduction to Mythology and Folklore,_ Cox's, 50, 133
_Introduction to the History of Religion,_ Jevons', 86
Ioi, sister of Blue Jay, in Chinook myth, 301
Ipurina Indians, their belief about Orion, 141
Iranian creation myth, 169
Irin Magé deity of Tupi-Guarani Indians, 139, 183
Iris, Xenophanes on, 41
Irish gods, 294 _et seq._; myths, 295 _et seq._
Iron, spirits' dread of, 234-235
Iroquois Indians, dualistic myth of, 146; creation myth
of, 147, 179-180; myth of the Two Brothers of, 191;
belief in after-life of, 212
Ishtar and Tammuz, myth of, 251; described, 288
Isis, Egyptian goddess, 129-130, 246, 286
Italapas, coyote-god of the Chinook Indians, 301, 303
Italy, modern magic in, 236-237
Ivy, as sacred plant, 94-95
Izanagi, Japanese creative god, 168
Izanami, Japanese creative goddess, 168
J
JACK-IN-THE-GREEN, 137
Jacy, Tupi Indian moon-god, 184
Japanese, creation myth of, 147, 168, 194; culture myth of, 150;
place of punishment of, 154; adventures in Underworld of, 155;
mythic literature, 259-260
Jevons, Dr F. B., on myths, 86; his _Introduction to the History of_
_Religion_, 86
Joskeha (White One), Huron Indian deity, 37, 191
Jötunn, Norse giants alluded to in the "Völuspá," 261, 293
"Journey of Skirnir, The," Norse mythic book, 261
Juno, 80; as mother of Vulcan, 279
Jupiter, myth of, as swan, 28; equated with Zeus and Tyr, 48;
as thunder-deity, 124; Leland on invocation to, 237; in Shelley's
_Prometheus Unbound_, 276; in Milton's _Paradise Lost_, 277;
Spenser on, 278
Jurupari, Brazilian Indian deity, 192
K
KALI, Hindu goddess, variant of Durga, 291
Kame, Carib Indian hero-god, 182
Karaya Indians, star myth of, 140; their myth about Milky Way, 141;
their myth about Orion, 141
Karma, Hindu deity, 159
Kartikeya, Hindu god, 256
Karu, hero-god of the Mundruku Indians, 183
Keri, hero-god of Bakairi (Carib) Indians, 182
Keridwen, British goddess, 227, 296
Khepera, Egyptian creative deity, 163; Osiris takes form of, 164
Khnemu, creative acts of, 165
Kiche Indians (Guatemala), creation myth of, 147, 172, 264-265; their
myth of origin of man, 148; their myth of origin of heroes, 149,
265-268; Underworld of, 212; mythical history of, 268 _et seq._
_Kinder- und Hausmärchen_, Brothers Grimm's, 90
King, as tree-spirit, 76
_King of Tars, The_, English romance, mythical references in, 43
Kingu, Babylonian monster, 35
Klaatsch, Dr, on Australians, 37
Kneph, Egyptian god, 298
Kodoyanpe, Maidu Indian creation myth of, 180
_Kojiki_, Japanese mythic book, 259
Krimen, Tupi-Guarai Indian hero, 183
Krishna, Hindu deity, cult of, 257
Kuhn, and meteorological myths, 51
Kuni-toko-tachi, Japanese god, 168
Kuvera, Hindu deity, 256
L
LADAKS of Tibet, place of punishment of, 154
Laestrin, his interpretation of myths from nebular phenomena, 51
Lafitau, his interpretation of Indian totems, 29; indicates savage
element in myth, 45
Lang, Andrew, on solar myth, 54; on Spencer's theories, 60; works
of, 66 _et seq._; his position, 66; distrust of Müller's
conclusions, 66; on 'disease of language,' 67; on the sacred and
frivolous in religion, 67; his conception of myth, arguments
against, 69; his general thesis, 69; his theory attached to
evolutionary systems, 70; his three stages of myth, 70; his
_Modern Mythology_,71-72; his anti-animistic hypothesis, 72-73;
his _Making of Religion_, 72-74; his 'All-Father' theory and
sky-gods, 74 _n_.; his criticism of Frazer's _Golden
Bough_, 75-77
Language and formation of myth, 56
Lares, the, 237
Latin earth-gods, 134
Laurel as sacred plant, 94
"Lay of Hoarbeard," Norse mythic book, 261-262
Leda, Roman goddess, 28
Legend, definition of, 12; Gomme's definition of, 90
_Legend of Perseus, The_, Hartland's, 93
Leland, C. G., his _Aradia_, 236-237; his _Kuloshap the
Master_, 270-271
Lengua Indians of South America, creation myth of, 180-181; ideas
of the after-life among, 214-215
Leto, mother of Apollo, as darkness, 121
Life-index, the, 247 _n._
Lightning spear, the, 124
Lithuanian May Day festival, 136
Little May Rose, Alsatian May Day character, 136
Little Leaf Man, Thuringian May Day character, 136
Llud Llaw Ereint, British deity, 295
Loki, Scandinavian deity, 131, 292-293; as fire-god, 293
Lox, Algonquin deity, 143
Lug, Irish god, 295
Lunar gods, 126-127; their qualities, 127; connexion with water, 127
M
_Mabinogion_, Welsh mythical book, 262
Macculloch, Dean, on folk-tale and myth, 222-223
Macha, Irish war-goddess, 296
McLennan, J. F., his writings on totemism, 59
Madagascar, dismemberment myth of natives of, 146
_Magic and Religion_, Lang's, 75
Magic, in modern Italy, 236-237
_Mahabharata_, the, 257
Maire, Tupi-Guarani deity, 183
Maize-gods of Mexico, 299
_Making of Religion, The_, Lang's, 66, 71, 72
Makonaima, Arawak creative god, 177-178
Malays, soul myth of, 152
Malsum the Wolf in North American Indian legend, 271-272
Mama Allpa, Peruvian earth-goddess, 134
Mama-cocha ('Mother Sea'), Peruvian goddess, 125, 314
Mama Nono, Carib Earth-Mother, 134, 182
Man, primitive, irrationality of, 17; his thirst for knowledge, 21;
'magnified non-natural,' regarded as earliest type of god by
Lang, 73-74; imagination of, 93; not an inventive animal, 96;
myths of origin of, classified, 148; creation of, _see_
Chapter VI, 158 _et seq._
Manannan mac Lir, lord of Irish Hades, 263, 295
Manawyddan, British deity, 263, 295
Mandan Sioux Indians, creation myth of, 182
Mani, Polynesian god, myth of, 142
Mannhardt, his defection from the philological school, 53; his
method, 54; Frazer's method founded on that of, 75; on vegetation
spirits, 79
Maoris, their myth of original man, 148
Marett, Dr R. R., on myth as non-explanatory, 15 _n_.; on
pre-animistic beliefs, 23 _et seq._; his _Threshold of
Religion_, 88; on the 'religious' in animism and mythology, 88;
on etiological myths, 89
Marine deities, 125
Maya, belief in destruction by fire among, 139; culture myth of, 150;
fire myth of, 152
Mars, as agricultural god, 124
May-time ceremonies in Scotland, 248 _et seq._
Medico-religious practice, 300
Medieval mythology, 43
Melanesians, their myth of origin of man, 148; culture myth of, 150
Mercury, Roman deity, 32, 237, 294
Merodach, Babylonian god, 167, 283, 288-289; as sun-god, 120;
defeats Tiawath, 166; described, 286-287
Metaphysics, savage, 21
Meteorological school of mythology, 51
Meulen, god of Araucanian Indians of Chile, 310, 312
Mexicans, myths of birth of gods of, 144; creation myth of, 147;
myth of the origin of heroes of, 149; culture myth of, 150; flood
myth of, 153; place of punishment of, 154; star myth of, 156.
_See also_ Aztecs
Mexican myth, flint-gods in, 26 _et seq._; of Uitzilopochtli, 32;
creation myths, 171-172; Heaven, 210-211; Hades, 211; sources
of, 263-270; mythology described, 296 _et seq._
Mexico, Payne on mythology of, 84; Mother-goddess in, 98;
blood-sacrifice in, 113
Michabo, Algonquin Indian creative god, 139, 177
Mictecaciuatl, wife of Mictlantecutli, 211
Mictlantecutli, lord of the Mexican Hades, 196, 211, 218 Milky Way,
in South American myth, 141; as Slavonic path to Heaven, 209; as
American Indian route to Paradise, 211-212
Milton, mythology of, 44
Minerva, 278; Ben Jonson mentions, 280; described, 284
Minos, 206
Mithra, Persian deity, 289
Mitra, Hindu deity, 289
Mixcoatl, Mexican god, 124
Mjolnir, hammer of Thor, 294
_Modern Mythology_, Lang's, 66, 71
Mohammed confused with gods, 43
Mohammedans, soul myth of, 152
Monan, deity of Tupi-Guarani Indians, attempts destruction of
world, 139, 183
Monotheism, causes of, 30
Moon-gods, 126-127; their qualities, 127; connexion with water, 127;
goddess, her connexion with fertility, 127; with love, 127;
myths classified, 155-156
Morrigan, Irish war-goddess, 296
Mother-goddess in Mexico, 98
Mound-building in America, 305-306
Moxos Indians, star myth of, 140
Müller, K. O., his view of mythic science, 46
Müller, Professor Max, definition of religion, 14; on character of
early thought, 21 _et seq._; his interpretation of myth, 47
_et seq._; 50-51; applied methods of comparative philology
to myth, 48; described myth as 'a disease of language,' 48; his
critics, 4950; opposed by anthropological school, 52; his theory
of effect of gender-terminations upon beliefs regarding natural
phenomena, 52; Mannhardt on his theory, 53
Mummification, theory of soul developed from, 79
Mummu, Babylonian monster, 34-35, 166
Mundruku Indians, creation myth of, 183
Murri tribe, fire-stealing myth of, 149
Muskhogean Indians, traditions of, 305
Muyscas Indians, flood myth of, 153; moon myth of, 156
Mysteries, Greek, 19
Myth, definitions of, 11, 12 _et seq._, 87; regarded by some as
religious in character, 13, 20, 63, 88; its inter-relation with
comparative religion, 14 _et seq_.; elements of, 15 _n._;
its relations with history, 15 _n.,_ 34, 42, 58, 90-91, 92;
savage and irrational element in, 15, 16, 18 _et seq_.,
45, 65, 67, 69-90; editing of, 16, 18, 33-35; and early science, 20;
invention of, 21; development of, 30-31, 58; and spirit of sanctity,
32-33; fusion in, 33; purgation of, 33; explanation of, lost, 34;
antiquity of, 33-34; causes of its change, 33-34; classification
of, 35 _et seq._; distribution of, 35-36; theory of origin of,
in one centre, 36; fixity of, 38, 55-56; authenticity of, 39;
Christian fathers on, 43; 'psychic' explanation of, 43; scientific
treatment of, 46; its comprehension through language, 48, _and
see_ Müller; as natural phenomena, 43; 'pragmatical' explanation
of, 43; Müller's interpretation of, 50; personalism in, 56; among
races of low culture, 56; and natural phenomena, 57; names in, 57-58;
its regularity of development, 58; regarded by some as non-religious
in character, 61, 68, 87, 92; and ritual, 61, 64, 89, 238; as
primitive philosophy, 62; interpreted by allegory, renders ancient
forms significant, 62; non-ethical nature of, 64; difference between,
and religion, 68; early, not essentially absurd or blasphemous, 69;
difference between dogma and, one of degree only, 69; arguments
against Lang's conception of, 69; Lang's three stages of, 70;
interpretations of, in accordance with contemporary ideas, 70;
complexity of, 70; comparison of savage with 'civilized,' 71;
stratification theory of, 81-82; survival of, due to grouping, 86;
secondary, 90, 238; in early, animals take place of gods, 109; solar,
its groundwork, 120; various classes of, 138; and folklore, connexion
between, 234; written sources of, 245 _et seq._; in English
poetry, 275-281
_Myth, Ritual, and Religion_, Lang's, 66, 67, 83
Mythic law, nature of, 30-31; resolution of materials of, into
their original elements, 47; recapitulation of progress of science
of, 100-101
'Mythological habit' (interpretation of myth by one method), denounced
by Mannhardt, 53
_Mythologie et les fables expliquées par l'histoire, La_, Abbé
Banier's, 45
Mythology, function of, 11; and folklore contrasted, 12 _et seq._;
definition of, 12 _et seq._; chronological sketch of, 40 _et
seq._; in the eighteenth century, 45; symbolic method applied
to, 46; comparative, 47; comparative philology and, 47 _et seq._;
philological school of, 47-51; described by Müller as 'a disease
of language,' 48; anthropological school of, 51; meteorological
school of, 51; Spencer's system of, 59-60; takes the place of
dogma in early religion, 61; exactitude essential to study of, 65;
'Covent Garden' school of, 75; theory of non-religious nature of, 88;
growth of moral and ethical characteristics in, 114-115
_Mythology and Folklore_, Cox's, 223
_Mythology of the Aryan Nations,_ Cox's, 50
Myths, what they explain, 15; ætiological or explanatory, 21, 58, 89;
animistic, 31; bird, 31-32; creation, 34-35; connexion between
Old and New World, 36; deluge or flood, 56; resemblance between, not
necessarily borrowed, 37; borrowing of, 37, 189-192; characteristics
of primitive, 37-38; sophisticated, 37-38; method of gauging antiquity
of, 38; process of interaction of, 38; thunder and lightning, 51;
nature poetry in, 53-54; _solar_, 36; Lang on, 54; Tylor's
general thesis regarding, 55; secondary, 62, 90, 238; diffusion of
identical, 70; distribution of plots of, 70; dissemination of, 70, 97;
details of, represented in ceremonies, 87; comparative tables
of, 144-157
N
NAGAS, Hindu mythical beings, 256
Naman, Irish war-goddess, 296
Namaquas, death myth of, 151
Names, in myth, 57-58; Spencer's theory of, 60; Lang on philological
analysis of, 71
Narcissus, 45
Natural phenomena in myth, 43, 57
Navaho Indians, creation myth of, 147; fire-stealing myth of, 149;
after-life of, 213
Neevougi, sacred stone of Inniskea, 27
Neith, Egyptian goddess, 127
Nemi, priest of, 76
Neptune, 126
Nergal, Babylonian god of Netherworld, 254, 288
Nét, Celtic war-god, 295
Newhaven, myth of Brounger current in, 26
_New System, or an Analysis of Ancient Mythology_, Bryant's, 46
New Zealanders, fire-stealing myth of, 149; myth of death among, 151
Nibelungs, the, 262
Niflheim, 170, 197
_Nihongi_, Japanese mythic book, 168, 260
Ningphos (Bengal), taboo myth of, 150; death myth of, 151
Nirig, Assyrian war-god, 287
Nokomis, Algonquin Indian Earth-Mother, 134
Normandy peasantry, fire-stealing myth of, 149
Nuada of the Silver Hand, Irish deity, 295
Nusku, Babylonian god, 288
Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, 165
Nya, ruler of Slavonic Underworld,
O
OAK, 'animistic repository of thunder,' 94
Odin, Norse god, 45; as thunder-bird, 123; as wind-god, 132;
in creation myth, 170; as Wild Huntsman, 197; sacrifices his
eye for draught of water, 226; leads Æsir migration, 260;
in the Eddas, 261; described, 292
_Odyssey_, the, 257-259
Ogma, Irish deity, 295
Oki, Powhatan deity, 305
Okulam, Chinook myth, 302
Old Harry, spirit, 45
Ops, Latin goddess of fertility or wealth, 134
Oregon Indians, creation myth of,
Orestes, his myth etiological, 79
Orinoco tribe, culture myth of, 150
Orion, different conceptions of, 140; constellations of, in South
American myth, 141-142; Bakairi idea of, 182
Orithyia, 95
Ormuzd (Ahura Mazda), Persian creative deity, 169
_Orpheus_, Reinach's, 85
_Osiride et Iside_, Plutarch's, 246
Osiris, 135, 218, 220, 246, 285; myth of, built up, 39;
as corn-spirit, 113-114, 129-130; his development, 113-114;
and dismemberment myth, 143; as Creator, 164
Otherworld, Celtic, 209-210
P
PACARI TAMPU, Peruvian myth of, 16
Pachacamac, Peruvian thunder-god, 16, 173-174
Pallas Athene, 20; according to Pragmatic, Psychic, and Stoic
schools, 43; referred to by Milton, 278; Brigit compared with, 296
Pampas Indians, belief in after-life, 212
Pan, myth of, 132
P'an Ku, Chinese creative deity, 167
Pantheons, causes which modified, 30
Papagos Indians, creation myth of, 147
Paradise, 195 _et seq._
Paraguayans, culture myth of, 150
Passes of Brazil, belief about earth of, 134
Patagonians, belief in after-life, 212
Pawnee Indians, dismemberment myth of, 146; creation myth of, 147;
myth to account for customs or rites of, 157
Payne, E. J., his _History of the New World called America_, 84
Pehuenche Indians of South America, 314; whale-goddess of, 314
Pentecost Islanders, dualistic myth of, 146; death myth of, 151
Pentheus, legend of, 243
"Period of the Gods," a cycle of Japanese myths, 260
Peroun, Slavonic god, 28
Persephone, 114; myth of, 129-130, 206, 288, 304
Persians, dualistic myth of, 145; creation myth of, 146; flood
myth of, 153; place of reward of, 153
Personality, theory of--_see_ Animism
Peruda, Tupi god of generation, 184
Peruvian Indians, their name for Earth-Mother, 134; belief in
destruction by fire among, 139; myth of birth of gods among, 144;
creation myth of, 147; their myth of origin of man, 148; their
myth of origin of heroes, 149; culture myth of, 150; fire myth
of, 152; flood myth of, 153; place of punishment of, 154; moon
myth of, 156; star myth of, 156
Peruvian myth, 16, 84; sun-god in, 119; Mama-cocha ('Mother Sea')
in, 125, 314; Copacahuana (idol) in, 125; creation myth, 173-174;
Paradise and Hell in, 212
Pherecydes of Leros, his adjustment of myth to popular belief, 42
Pherecydes of Syros, his treatise on myth, 41-42
Philological school, the, 47-51; its sub-schools, 50; method of,
criticized by Lang, 71
Picumnus, 134
Picus, Latin deity, 32, 117
Pillan, Araucanian deity, 308-309, 312
Pilumnus, Latin rural deity, 134
Pirrhua Manca, Peruvian sun-god, 16
Place of punishment, 195 _et seq._; myths of, classified, 154
Place of reward, 195 _et seq._; myths of, classified, 153-154
Plant cults, 93
Pleiades, different conceptions of, 140, 141, 142, 156; Bakairi idea
of, 182; Tupi-Guarani idea of, 184
Plutarch, on Egyptian animal deities, 15; his pragmatical explanation
of myth, 43; his writings on Egyptian myth, 246
Pluto, ruler of Greek Hades, 45, 206, 218
Podarge, white-footed wind, 133
Poetry, English, myth in, 275-281
Polynesians, dismemberment myth of, 146; myth of origin of man of, 148;
death myth of, 151 olyonymy, factor in formation of myth, 48
Polytheism, definition of, 29; strange gods readily adopted in a
state of, 34
Pomona, Latin goddess of fruit-trees, 135
_Popol Vuh_, Kiche mythic book, 172, 187, 190; not influenced
by Biblical ideas, 188-189; material of, 264; creation story
in, 264-265; importance of, 269; English translation of, in
_The Word_ by Guthrie, 270
Porphyry on myth, 43
Poseidon, Greek sea-god, 41, 126; as brother of Pluto, 206
'Powers,' Marett's definition of, 24
Prajapati, Indian creative deity, 160-161
_Prehistoric Man_, Wilson's, 306 _n._
Priests, Araucanian, 312
_Primitive Culture_, Tylor's, 55-58
_Primitive Marriage_, McLennan's, 59
Prince, Professor, 271
_Principles of Sociology_, Spencer's, 59
Prithivi, Hindu Earth-Mother, 289
Procris, as dew, 50
Prodicus, his interpretation of myth, 42
_Prolegomena zit einer wissenschäftlicher
Mythologie_, Müller's, 46
Prometheus, bird-form of, 123; as fire-stealer, 140; compared with
Loki, 293
_Prometheus Unbound_, Shelley's poem, 276
Proserpine and golden bough, 78, 80, 81
Proteus, Gwydion compared with, 296
Ptah, Egyptian creative god, 115, 165, 285
Pueblo Indians, belief in destruction by fire, 139
Punchau Inca, Inca sun-god, 309
Purusha, Indian deity, 159-160
Pyrrha, 178
Q
QUEENSFERRY (Scotland), ceremony of Burry Man at, 135-137
Quetzalcoatl, as agricultural god, 129; in creation myth, 171; as
Mexican wind-god, 264-299
Qui-oki, Nottoway god, 305
R
RA, Egyptian solar deity, 114, 115; as creator in form of Khepera, 163;
chief of Egyptian heaven, 199; described, 285
Ragnorök, Norse day of doom, 261
Raini, Mundruku creator, 183
_Ramayana_, the, Hindu epic, 256 _et seq._
Rama, 256
Reinach, Salomon, his works, 84-85, 109
Religion, definitions of, 14; pre-animistic, 23; sacred and frivolous
in, 67; difference between myth and, 68; primitive, two great types
of, 82
_Religion of the Semites_, Robertson Smith's, 61, 83
Religious sentiment, survival of, 70
_Researches into the Early History of Mankind_, Tylor's, 55
_Revue de l'histoire des religions,_ Tiele's, 65
_Rex Nemorensis_ (King of the Wood), 79
Rhadamanthus, one of the tribunal of the Greek Underworld, 206;
ruler of Elysian Fields, 207
Rhea, wife of Cronus, 18, 134, 276, 277
"Rígsmál," Norse mythic book, 262
_Rig-Veda_, Indian sacred book, creation myth in, 159-160
Rites, myths of, classified, 157
Ritual, and myth, 89, 238 _et seq.;_ movements, 239;
in folk-belief, 239-240
River Chaco Indians of South America, creation myth of, 183
Romans, their myth of origin of heroes, 149; soul myth of, 152;
fire myth of, 152; place of reward of, 153; moon myth of, 156
Round Table, King Arthur's, as the sun, 122
Rudra, Hindu deity, 132, 291; swallows universe, 163
Rumanians, dismemberment myth of, 146
Russians, dismemberment myth of, 146
Rustem, as sun-hero, 122
S
SABITU, Assyrian sea-goddess, 252, 254
Sacred, idea of the, 33; sacred stones, 27
Sahagun, Father Bernardino, Spanish historian of Mexico, 263-264
Samoyede fetishes, 104-105
_Satapatha Brahmana_, Hindu sacred book, creation myth
in, 160 _et seq._
Saturn, Milton on, 277; Keats on, 276-277
Savage and civilized myths compared, 71-72
Savage and irrational element in myth, 15, 16, 45, 51; Tiele
on, 65; Lang on, 67
Scandinavian creation myth, 170, 193-194
Schelling, Friedrich, on myth and national development, 46
Science, early, and myth, 20 _et seq._
_Science of Fairy Tales_, Hartland's, 92
_Science of Language_, Sayce's, 223
Scotland, Faust legend variant in, 228-233; fisher beliefs of, 234;
boat-language of fishers of, 235; taboo of animal names in, 235;
May-time ceremonies in, 240 _et seq._
Sea-gods, 125
Secondary myth, 90; frequently arises out of ritual, 238
Serpent, horned, in American myth, 307
Servius, his allegorical interpretation of the golden bough, 78
_Shaddai_, or _Shedi_ ('my demon'), early form of Yahweh, 74
Shamans, of Chinooks, 303-304
Shamash, Babylonian god, 250, 288
Sheol, Hebrew Hades, 203-204
Shesu-Heru, 198
Shintoism in the _Kojiki_ and _Nihongi,_ 260
_Shropshire Folklore_, Burne's, 226
Shu, Egyptian god, 165; birth of, 163
_Sidhe_ (fairy folk) in Irish myth, 295
Siegfried, 122
Sif, Norse goddess, wife of Thor, 294
Sigfusson, Sæmund, Norse historian, 261
Sigu, deity of Arawak Indians,
Sigurd, as sun-hero, 122
Sin, Scandinavian deity, 123
Sin, Babylonian moon-god, 288
_Sir John Rowll's Cursing_, mythological allusions in, 44-45
Sita, Hindu goddess, 256
Siva, Hindu deity, 291
Skasa-it (Robin) in myths of Chinook Indians, 302
Skrymir, Norse giant, 45
Sky, Egyptian ideas regarding, 165
Sky-god, and Lang's 'All-Father' deities, 74 _n_.; European, 89;
Sky-Father, 133
Slavonic place of the dead, 207-209
Smith, Professor G. Elliot, theories of, 36-37. 95-100
Smith, William Robertson, his theories regarding myth, 61-64;
on the non-religious character of myth, 61
Snorri Sturlason, Norse mythologist, 260
Socrates, on the analysis of divine names, 42
Solar myth, 36; Lang on, 54; its groundwork, 120-122
'Solar' theory, its mythological merits, 120
Solomon Islanders, death myth of, 151
Soma, 256, 291
"Song of Thrym, The," Norse mythic book, 262
Soul, early beliefs about, 22 _et seq.;_ conception of, 59;
conception of, not essential to idea of god, 72; myths of,
classified, 151-152; search for, among the Chinooks, 303-304;
belief regarding, among Araucanian Indians, 313
South America, star myths of, 140-142; creation myths of, 177-179
Southern Cross (constellation), in South American myth, 141;
different conceptions of, 184
Southern Indians, death myth of, 151
Spencer, Herbert, his definition of religion, 14; his system of
mythology, 59; refutation of his theories by Lang, 60
Spirit, Tylor on, 59, 102; idea of, 102-104; distinction between,
and god, 128; idea of, connected with wind or breath, 298
Staden, Hans, on Tupi-Guarani beliefs, 183
Star myths, 140-142; classified, 156
Stars, personification of, 202
Stratification of myth, theory of, 81-82
_Studies in Ancient History_, McLennan's, 59
Subterranean passage, legend of, 227-228
Sun-gods, 118-122; in Peru, 119; later phases of, 119; in Egyptian
mythology, 119-120; animistic and anthropomorphic ideas of, 120;
myths classified, 155; worship in Mexico, 299-300; in America, 305
Supernaturalism, Marett's definition of, 24
Surya, Hindu deity, 289
Susa-no-o, Japanese deity, 260
Sym Skynar, 45
_Symbolik und Mythologie_, Creuzer's, 46
Synonymy, factor in formation of myth, 48
T
TABOO, myths of, 143; myths of, classified, 150; of animal names
in Scotland, 235
Tacullies, creation myth of, 147
_Taittiriya Brahmana_, Hindu sacred book, creation myth in, 160-161
Tales, children and 'mis-telling' of, 38
Taliesin, ancient British bard, 296
Talmud, the, 204
Tamandare, Tupi-Guarani hero, 183
Tammuz, Babylonian deity, 251, 288
Tangoroa, in Polynesian dismemberment myth, 143
Tapio, forest-god of Finns, 76
Tartarus, region in the Greek Hades, 206
Tawiscara, (Dark One), Huron evil deity, 27, 37, 191
Taylor, Thomas, his translation of Pausanias, 46
Tefnut, Egyptian goddess, 163; birth of, 164
Tempuleague, whale-goddess of the Pehuenche Indians, 314
Tepeyollotl, Mexican god, 134
Termagent or Tyr, Scandinavian deity, 43
Test of recurrence in myth, 32, 47, 91; definition of, 39; Lang on, 71
Tethra, lord of Celtic Underworld, 295
Teutates, 294
Teutonic mythology described, 292 _et seq._
Teutons, dualistic myth of, 145; creation myth of, 147; culture myth
of, 150; taboo myth of, 150; fire myth of, 152; flood myth of, 153;
place of reward of, 153; place of punishment of, 154; creation
stories among, 170; realm of woe of, 196; Valhalla of, 197; mythic
writings of, 260-262
Texts, comparative lateness of most traditional, 91
Tezcatlipoca, Mexican deity, 74, 115, 133, 171, 264; as Lord of Night
Wind, 132, 297-298
Theagenes of Rhegium, 15; his criticism of myth, 41
Theobiography, or life-history of gods, 63
Thetis supplies Apollo with divine food, 121
Thlinkeet Indians, thunder-god of, 123; myth of birth of god of, 144;
beast myth of, 145; dualistic myth of, 146; fire-stealing myth
of, 149
Thoms, W. J., his definition of folklore, 223
Thor, Norse deity, 123, 124, 262, 293-294
Thoth, Egyptian deity, 115, 127, 285; commands creation, 165
_Threshold of Religion_, Marett's, 23, 88
Thunder and lightning, myths of, 51
Thunder-gods, 122-124; Andean ideas of, 122; as birds, 123-124;
their lightning spears, 123; connected with flint, 124;
with rain, 124
Thunderer, supernatural being of Chinook Indians, 301
Tiawath, Babylonian monster, 34-35, 166, 167, 283, 287
Tiele, Cornelius Petrus, his position, 65; on barbarous survivals, 65;
on the anthropological school, 65-66
Tien or Shang-ti, Chinese creative deity, 167
Time, reckoning of, anciently regarded as a science, 126-127
Tinneh or Déné Indians (Hare-skins), beast myths of, 145; creation
myth of, 147; soul myth of, 152; flood myth of, 153
Titans, Keats on, 277
Tlaloc, Mexican water-god, 171, 299, 309; as ruler of terrestrial
Paradise, 196, 210
Tlazolteotl, Mexican goddess, 115
Tobacco, ceremonial use of, among American tribes, 312
Toci, Mexican Earth-Mother, 299
Todas Indians, myth to account for custom or rites of, 157
Tohil, deity of Kiche Indians, 26, 268
Tollan, ancient Mexican city, 264
Toltecs, culture myth of, 150
Tonacaciuatl, Aztec creative goddess, 211
Tonacatecutli, Aztec creative deity, 211
Tonga Islanders, place of reward of, 154
Tootah, thunder-bird of Vancouver Islanders, 123
Torquemada, writer on Mexican myth, 264
Toru-guenket, Tupi moon and principle of evil, 184
Toru-shom-pek, Tupi sun and principle of good, 184
Totemism, definitions of, 28-29; German ignorance of, 85
Totems, British, 28; examples of, in myth, 28; allusion to, in
antiquity, 29; Lafitau's interpretation of, 29; Jevons on, 86;
development of, into gods, 108-110; animal attributes of, 109;
distribution of, among tribal gods, 109; manner of determining, 109;
causes which tend to humanize, 110; various methods of fusion of,
with the god, 110
Tradition, definition of, 11; use of the term, 13 _n_.; comparative
lateness of written, 91; unequal method of recording, 91;
interpretation of its testimony, 91; evidence of age in, 91;
metamorphoses of, 91
Transition from hunting to agricultural religion, 117
_Tree of Life_, Crawley's, 14
Tree-spirit, in cult of Arician grove, 76; represented by
living person, 76
Triduana, St, legend of, 224-227
Trophonius, 121, 206
Tsuki-yumi, Japanese moon-god, 168
Tuatha de Danann (Children of Danu), Celtic deities, 220, 263, 294, 295
_et seq._
Tuonela, Finnish place of dead, 304
Tupi-Guarani Indians, star myth of, 141; dualistic myth of, 146; fire
myth of, 152; flood myth of, 153; creation myth of, 183-186
Tutivillus, a fiend, 44
Two Brothers, Egyptian story of, 247-248
Tylor, Sir E. B., definition of religion, 14; his general thesis, 55-56;
on language and formation of myth, 56-57; his animistic theory, 58-59
Tyr, Norse deity equated with Jupiter and Zeus, 48
Tzentals, creation myth of, 147
Tzitzimime, Aztec demons, 211
U
UAPÈS of Brazil, birth of gods myth of, 144, 191-192
Uitzilopochtli, Mexican deity, 32, 264, 298-299; evolved from
humming-bird, 32 _n_., 110; evolved from bird totem, 117;
as lightning, 123; serpent symbols of, 124; sacrifices to, 198
_Ulmenes_, lesser spirits of Araucanian Indians, 311
Underworld, myths of, classified, 154-155; man originates in, in
American myth, 181-182
Undry, cauldron of Dagda, a Celtic deity, 295
Unseen, fear of, 103
Upsala Codex, the, of Younger Edda, 261
Uranus, first monarch of Olympus, 18, 53, 283
Ut-Napishtim, myth of, 252-253
V
"VAFPRÚTHNISMÅL," the, Norse mythic book, 261
Valhalla, Norse Heaven, 197-198
Varuna, Hindu god, 53, 130, 256, 289
Vasus, 256
Vayu, Hindu deity, 256, 289
Vedas, Hindu sacred books, 255-256; savagery in, 20
Veddah of Ceylon, fetishism among,106
Vedde-Yakko, Cingalese fetish of chase, 106
Vedic Hindus, wind-god of, 132; myth of birth of gods of, 144;
fire-stealing myth of, 149; myth of place of reward of, 153
Vegetation spirits, 79; rites, 135-137
Venus, 237; as wife of Vulcan, 279; allusions to, in poetry of
Swinburne, Lord de Tabley, and Ben Jonson, 280-281; associated
with Ishtar, 288
Vidhatri, Hindu god, 256
Vine, sacred, 94-95
Viracocha, Peruvian water-god, 16
Virgil on the golden bough, 77-78
Vishnu, Hindu deity, 256, 257, 290, 291
_Vishnu Purana_, Hindu sacred book, creation myth in, 161-163
Vivasvat, 256
Volsungs, Teutonic mythical family, 262
"Völuspá," the, Norse mythical book, 261
Vukub-Cakix, 'the great Macaw' in Kiche myth, 172, 265 _et seq._
Vulcan or Hephæstus, as god of fire, 131; referred to by Milton and
Ben Jonson, 297
W
WAÏNAMOÏNEN, Finnish deity, 304
_Wallum-Olum_, mythic book of Lenapé Indians, 245
_Wampum Record_, Algonquin book translated by Prince, 271
Water, its connexion with moon, 127
Wells, holy, 226
Welsh Celts, mythic book of, 262-263
West, as place of the dead, 219 and 313
Westcar Papyrus, 246-247
_Western Isles_, Martin's, 27
Wind connected with spirit or life 298; gods of, 132-133
Wiradthuri tribes, 157
Wizard, 'scoring' a, 28
Women's rites, 243-244
World, creation of, _see_ Chapter VI, 158 _et seq._
Wurm manuscript, of Younger Edda, 261
X
XBALANQUE, hero-god of Kiche Indians, 265 _et seq._
Xenophanes of Colophon, his criticism of myth, 40-41
Xibalba, Hades of Kiches of Guatemala, 212-213, 266 _et seq._;
ruled by secret society, 212-213
Xilonen, Mexican maize-goddess, 299
Ximenez, translator of _Popol Vuh_ into Spanish, 187, 270
Xiuhtecutli, Mexican fire-god, 131, 171
Xmucane, 172
Xolotl, Mexican god, 172
Xpiyacoc, Kiche primeval deity, 172
Y
YAHWEH, god of Hebrews, early form of, 74, 201-202
Yama, 256
Yesumaro, transcriber of Japanese myth, 259
Yetl, thunder-bird (Athapascan), 123, 179
Yibil, Babylonian fire-god, 131
Ymir, Norse earth-giant, 170
_Ynglinga Saga_, the, Norse mythic book, 261
Yorkshire, soul myth in, 152
Yuba Paik, deity of Choctaw Indians, 304
Yurakare Indians, star myth of, 141
Z
ZEALAND, creation of island of, 260
Zephyrs, as west wind, 133
Zeus, Greek deity, birth of, 18; as principle of life, 41;
equation of, with Jupiter and Tyr, 48; philological
school and his name, 48, 53, 289; as woodpecker, 94;
oak the dwelling-place of, 94; father of Apollo, as the
sky, 121, 305; father of Hephæstus, 130; casts him from
Olympus, 131; transforms the Pleiades into doves, 142;
brother of Pluto, 206; as portrayed by Homer, 258;
described, 283
Zipacna, earth-giant in Kiche myth, 265 _et seq._
Zootheism, 300,
Zulus, creation myth of, 147; myth of origin of man of, 148;
culture myth of, 150
Zuñi Indiana, dismemberment myth of, 146; creation myths
of, 147, 183; myth of origin of man of, 148
End of Project Gutenberg's An Introduction to Mythology, by Lewis Spence