prairie soil or sandy soil from Alabama to Texas and northwestward,
being most abundant in Kansas and Nebraska. Though not growing wild in
the Eastern States, it has succeeded well under cultivation in the
testing gardens of the Department of Agriculture at Washington, D. C.
_Description of plant._—This native herbaceous perennial, belonging to
the aster family (Asteraceæ), grows to a height of from 2 to 3 feet. It
sends up a rather stout bristly-hairy stem, bearing thick rough-hairy
leaves, which are broadly lance shaped or linear lance shaped, entire, 3
to 8 inches long, narrowed at each end, and strongly three nerved. The
lower leaves have slender stems, but as they approach the top of the
plant the stems become shorter and some of the upper leaves are
stemless.
The flower heads, appearing from July to October, are very pretty, and
the plant would do well as an ornamental in gardens. The flowers remain
on the plant for a long time, and the color varies from whitish rose to
pale purple. The heads consist of ray flowers and disk flowers, the
former constituting the “petals” surrounding the disk, and the disk
itself being composed of small, tubular, greenish yellow flowers. When
the flowers first appear the disk is flattened or really concave, but as
the flowering progresses it becomes conical in shape. The brown fruiting
heads are conical, chaffy, stiff, and wiry. (Pl. VII, fig. 4.)
_Description of root._—Echinacea has a thick, blackish root (Pl. VII,
fig. 4), which in commerce occurs in cylindrical pieces of varying
length and thickness. The dried root is grayish brown on the outside,
the bark wrinkled lengthwise and sometimes spirally twisted. It breaks
with a short, weak fracture, showing yellow or greenish yellow wood
wedges, which give the impression that the wood is decayed.
The odor is scarcely perceptible, and the taste is mildly aromatic,
afterwards becoming acrid and inducing a flow of saliva.
_Collection, prices, and uses._—The root of echinacea is collected in
autumn and brings from 20 to 30 cents a pound. It is said that echinacea
varies greatly in quality, due chiefly to the locality in which it
grows. According to J. U. Lloyd, the best quality comes from the prairie
lands of Nebraska, and that from marshy places is inferior.
Echinacea is said to be an alterative, and to promote perspiration and
induce a flow of saliva. The Indians used the freshly scraped roots for
the cure of snake bites.
BURDOCK.
_Arctium lappa_ L.
_Synonym._—_Lappa major_ Gaertn.
_Pharmacopœial name._—Lappa.
_Other common names._—Cockle-button, cuckold-dock, beggar’s-buttons,
hurr-bur, stick-button, hardock, bardane. (Fig. 25.)
_Habitat and range._—Burdock, one of our most common weeds, was
introduced from the Old World. It grows along roadsides, in fields,
pastures, and waste places, being very abundant in the Eastern and
Central States and in some scattered localities in the West.
_Description of plant._—Farmers are only too well acquainted with this
coarse, unsightly weed. During the first year of its growth this plant,
which is a biennial belonging to the aster family (Asteraceæ), produces
only a rosette of large, thin leaves from a long tapering root. In the
second year a round, fleshy, and branched stem is produced, the plant
when full grown measuring from 3 to 7 feet in height. This stem is
branched, grooved, and hairy, bearing very large leaves, the lower ones
often measuring 18 inches in length. The leaves are placed alternately
on the stem, on long, solid, deeply furrowed leafstalks; they are thin
in texture, smooth on the upper surface, pale and woolly underneath;
usually heart shaped, but sometimes roundish or oval, with even, wavy,
or toothed margins.
[Illustration: FIG. 25.—Burdock (_Arctium lappa_), flowering branch and
root.]
The flowers are not produced until the second year, appearing from July
until frost. Burdock flowers are purple, in small, clustered heads armed
with hooked tips, and the spiny burs thus formed are a great pest,
attaching themselves to clothing and to the wool and hair of animals.
Burdock is a very prolific seed producer, one plant bearing as many as
400,000 seeds.
_Description of root._—Burdock has a large, fleshy taproot (fig. 25),
which, when dry, becomes scaly and wrinkled lengthwise and has a
blackish brown or grayish brown color on the outside, hard, breaking
with a short, somewhat fleshy fracture, and showing the yellowish wood
with a whitish spongy center. Sometimes there is a small, white, silky
tuft at the top of the root, which is formed by the remains of the bases
of the leafstalks. The odor of the root is weak and unpleasant, the
taste mucilaginous, sweetish, and somewhat bitter.
While the root is met with in commerce in its entire state, it is more
frequently in broken pieces or in lengthwise slices, the edges of which
are turned inward. The roots of other species of Arctium are also
employed.
_Collection, prices, and uses._—Burdock root is official, and the United
States Pharmacopœia directs that it be collected from plants of the
first year’s growth, either of _Arctium lappa_ or of other species of
Arctium. As burdock has a rather large, fleshy root, it is difficult to
dry and is apt to become moldy, and for this reason it is better to
slice the root lengthwise, which will facilitate the drying process. The
price ranges from 5 to 10 cents a pound. The best root is said to come
from Belgium, where great care is exercised in its collection and
curing.
Burdock root is used as an alterative in blood and skin diseases. The
seeds and fresh leaves are also used medicinally to a limited extent.
PLATES.
EXPLANATION OF PLATES.
PLATE I. Fig. 1.—Marginal-fruited shield-fern (_Dryopteris
marginalis_), showing upper surface of leaf, the lower surface with
the “sori,” or “fruit dots,” arranged on the margins, and the erect,
chaffy rootstock. Fig. 2.—Skunk-cabbage (_Spathyema foetida_), showing
flowering plant with thick rootstock and whorl of crowded roots;
unfolded leaf and spathe laid open to show rounded spadix; also
seedling, and transverse section of rootstock. Fig. 3.—Sweet-flag
(_Acorus calamus_), showing swordlike leaves, flowering head produced
from the side of the stalk, and long, creeping rootstock. Fig.
4.—Bethroot (_Trillium erectum_), showing leaves, various views of the
flower, and root. Arrangement of the different parts of the plant is
in threes.
PLATE II. Fig. 1.—Chamaelirium (_Chamaelirium luteum_), showing the
male plant. Note the arrangement of the long-stemmed leaves along the
entire stem and the graceful spike of feathery flowers, as compared
with the grasslike basal leaves and the erect flowering spikes of
Aletris (fig. 2), with which it is often confused. The rootstock of
Chamaelirium, with the slightly curved upward end, is also shown. Fig.
2.—Aletris (_Aletris farinosa_). Note the grasslike leaves at the base
of the stem and the erect spikes of urn-shaped flowers, as compared
with the arrangement of the leaves all along the stem and the drooping
plumelike spikes of Chamaelirium (fig. 1), with which Aletris is
frequently confused. The rootstock of Aletris, which is rough and
scaly and almost completely hidden by the fibrous roots, is,
unfortunately, not well shown in the illustration. Fig. 3.—Wild yam
(_Dioscorea villosa_), showing part of the vine, with its drooping
clusters of flowers and 3-winged seed capsules; also the long,
horizontal rootstock. Fig. 4.—Blue flag (_Iris versicolor_), showing
sword-shaped leaves, the flowers, and part of the rootstock.
PLATE III. Fig. 1.—Large yellow lady’s-slipper (_Cypripedium
hirsutum_), showing plant with its broad, parallel-veined leaves, and
curious, baglike flower, and also rootstock with wavy roots. Fig.
2.—Canada snakeroot (_Asarum canadense_), showing, to the right, the
flowering plant, and to the left the fruiting plant, together with the
creeping rootstocks. Fig. 3.—Virginia serpentaria (_Aristolochia
serpentaria_), plant showing seed capsules and rootstock. Fig.
4.—Soapwort (_Saponaria officinalis_), showing the upper flowering
portion and seed pods; also the runners and roots.
PLATE IV. Fig. 1.—Oregon grape (_Berberis aquifolium_), showing a
branch with the leathery, holly-like leaves, and clusters of berries.
Fig. 2.—Blue cohosh (_Caulophyllum thalictroides_), showing upper
portion of the plant, with flowering head. Fig. 3.—Canada moonseed
(_Menispermum canadense_), showing a portion of the vine in flower.
Fig. 4.—Hydrangea (_Hydrangea arborescens_), showing a flowering and
fruiting branch.
PLATE V. Fig. 1.—Indian-physic (_Porteranthus trifoliatus_), showing
upper flowering portion, and base of stem with root. Fig. 2.—Wild
sarsaparilla (_Aralia nudicaulis_), showing flowering plant with
rootstock, and to the left a fruiting head. Fig. 3.—Ginseng (_Panax
quinquefolium_), showing the upper portion in flower, and the root.
Fig. 4.—Water-eryngo (_Eryngium yuccifolium_), showing the long,
grasslike leaves, stout-stemmed flowering heads, and rootstock.
PLATE VI. Fig. 1.—American angelica (_Angelica atropurpurea_), showing
leaves, fruiting head, and to the right a portion of the stem with
broad, expanded leafstalk. Fig. 2.—Pinkroot (_Spigelia marilandica_),
showing flowering top and seed capsules. Fig. 3.—Pleurisy-root
(_Asclepias tuberosa_), showing flowering top, pods with escaping
hairy seeds, and root. Fig. 4.—Comfrey (_Symphytum officinale_),
showing the thick, rough leaves, the clusters of flowers, lower
portion of plant with root, and sections of root.
PLATE VII. Fig. 1.—Stoneroot (_Collinsonia canadensis_), showing
flowering top and base of stem with root. Fig. 2.—Queen-of-the-meadow
(_Eupatorium purpureum_), showing leaves and flowers. Fig.
3.—Elecampane (_Inula helenium_), showing leaves, flowers, and root.
Fig. 4.—Echinacea (_Brauneria angustifolia_), showing flowering plant.
PLATE I.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—MARGINAL-FRUITED SHIELD-FERN (DRYOPTERIS
MARGINALIS).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—SKUNK-CABBAGE (SPATHYEMA FOETIDA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—SWEET-FLAG (ACORUS CALAMUS).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—BETHROOT (TRILLIUM ERECTUM).]
PLATE II.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—CHAMAELIRIUM (CHAMAELIRIUM LUTEUM).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—ALETRIS (ALETRIS FARINOSA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—WILD YAM (DIOSCOREA VILLOSA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—BLUE FLAG (IRIS VERSICOLOR).]
PLATE III.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—LARGE YELLOW LADY’S-SLIPPER (CYPRIPEDIUM
HIRSUTUM).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—CANADA SNAKEROOT (ASARUM CANADENSE).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—VIRGINIA SERPENTARIA (ARISTOLOCHIA SERPENTARIA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—SOAPWORT (SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS).]
PLATE IV.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—OREGON GRAPE (BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—BLUE COHOSH (CAULOPHYLLUM THALICTROIDES).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—CANADA MOONSEED (MENISPERMUM CANADENSE).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—HYDRANGEA (HYDRANGEA ARBORESCENS).]
PLATE V.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—INDIAN-PHYSIC (PORTERANTHUS TRIFOLIATUS).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—WILD SARSAPARILLA (ARALIA NUDICAULIS).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—GINSENG (PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUM).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—WATER-ERYNGO (ERYNGIUM YUCCIFOLIUM).]
PLATE VI.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—AMERICAN ANGELICA (ANGELICA ATROPURPUREA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—PINKROOT (SPIGELIA MARILANDICA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—PLEURISY-ROOT (ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—COMFREY (SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE).]
PLATE VII.
[Illustration: FIG. 1.—STONEROOT (COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS).]
[Illustration: FIG. 2.—QUEEN-OF-THE-MEADOW (EUPATORIUM PURPUREUM).]
[Illustration: FIG. 3.—ELECAMPANE (INULA HELENIUM).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4.—ECHINACEA (BRAUNERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA).]
INDEX.
Acorus calamus. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
Actaea racemosa. _See_ Cohosh, black, 35–36
Agropyron repens. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Ague-grass. _See_ Aletris, 19–20
root. _See_ Aletris, 19–20
Aletris, A. aurea, A. farinosa, A. lutea, and A. obovata. _See_
Aletris, description, 19–20
description, 19–20
_See also under_ Chamaelirium.
Aloe-root. _See_ Aletris, 19–20
Alumbloom. _See_ Crane’s-bill, 44–45
root. _See_ Crane’s-bill, 44–45
Amy-root. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
Angelica, American, description, 51
atropurpurea and A. officinalis, European, garden, great, high,
purple, and purple-stemmed. _See_ Angelica, American, 51
Apocynum, A. album, A. androsaemifolium, A. cannabinum, and A.
pubescens. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
Apple, devil’s, hog, and Indian. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
May, description, 39–40
Aralia californica, A. nudicaulis, and A. racemosa. _See_ Sarsaparilla,
wild, 48–49
Archangelica atropurpurea. _See_ Angelica, American, 51
Arctium lappa. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Arisaema triphyllum. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
Aristolochia reticulata and A. serpentaria. _See_ Serpentaria, 26–27
Arum, three-leaved, and A. triphyllum. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
Asarabacca, broad-leaved. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada, 25–26
Asarum and A. canadense. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada, 25–26
Asclepias, A. incarnata, A. syriaca, and A. tuberosa. _See_
Pleurisy-root, 56–57
Aspidium, A. filix-mas, and A. marginale. _See_ Male-fern, 11–12
Ass-ear. _See_ Comfrey, 57–58
Backwort. _See_ Comfrey, 57–58
Balm, horse, and ox. _See_ Stoneroot, 58–59
Indian. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
Baptisia, B. alba, and B. tinctoria. _See_ Indigo, wild, 43–44
Barberry, California, and holly-leaved. _See_ Oregon grape, 36–37
Bardane. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Basket-fern. _See_ Male-fern, 11–12
Bathflower. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
wort. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
Bear-corn. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
Bear’s-paw root. _See_ Male-fern, 11–12
Beaumont-root. _See_ Culver’s-root, 59–60
Beewort. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
Beggar’s-buttons. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Berberis, B. aquifolium, B. nervosa, B. pinnata, and B. repens. _See_
Oregon grape, 36–37
Bethroot, description, 20–21
Birthroot. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
wort. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
Bitterroot. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
Blackroot. _See_ Culver’s-root, 59–60
wort. _See_ Comfrey, 57–58
Blazingstar. _See_ Chamaelirium and Aletris, 17–18, 19–20
Bloodroot, description, 40–41
Blow-ball. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Blueberry-root. _See_ Cohosh, blue, 37–38
Bog-onion. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
Boneset, purple, spotted, and tall. _See_ Queen-of-the-meadow, 61–62
Bouncing-bet. _See_ Soapwort, 31
Bowman’s-root. _See_ Indian-physic; Indian hemp, black; and
Culver’s-root, 42–43, 55–56, 59–60
Brake, knotty, and sweet. _See_ Male-fern, 11–12
Brauneria augustifolia. _See_ Echinacea, 63
Brinton-root. _See_ Culver’s-root, 59–60
Broom, clover, indigo, and yellow. _See_ Indigo, wild, 43–44
Brown dragon. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
Bruisewort. _See_ Soapwort and Comfrey, 31, 57–58
Bugbane. _See_ Hellebore, American, and Cohosh, black, 18–19, 35–36
wort. _See_ Hellebore, American, and Cohosh, black, 18–19, 35–36
Bumblebee-root. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
Burdock, description, 64–65
Butter-dock. _See_ Dock, yellow, 27–29
Butterfly-weed. _See_ Pleurisy-root, 56–57
Button-snakeroot. _See_ Water-eryngo, 50–51
Cabbage, meadow, and swamp. _See_ Skunk-cabbage, 15
skunk, description, 15
Calamus. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
_See also under_ Flag, blue.
Calomel, vegetable. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
Canada-root. _See_ Pleurisy-root, 56–57
Cancer-jalap. _See_ Pokeweed, 29–30
Cane, sweet. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
Cankerroot. _See_ Goldthread, 34
wort. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Cat’s-foot. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada, 25–26
Caulophyllum and C. thalictroides. _See_ Cohosh, blue, 37–38
Centaury, ground. _See_ Colombo, American, 53–54
Chamaelirium, description, 17–18
luteum and C. obovale. _See_ Chamaelirium, description, 17–18
_See also under_ Aletris.
Chandler’s-grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Chickentoe. _See_ Crawley-root, 24–25
Chimney-pink. _See_ Soapwort, 31
Chocolate-flower. _See_ Crane’s-bill, 44–45
Choctaw-root. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
Cimicifuga and C. racemosa. _See_ Cohosh, black, 35–36
Cinnamon-sedge. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
Citronella. _See_ Stoneroot, 58–59
Clover-broom. _See_ Indigo, wild, 43–44
Coakum. _See_ Pokeweed, 29–30
Cockle-button. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Cohosh, black, description, 35–36
blue, description, 37–38
Colicroot. _See_ Aletris; Yam, wild; and Snakeroot, Canada, 19–20,
21–22, 25–26
Collard. _See_ Skunk-cabbage, 15
Collection of root drugs, 10–11
Collinsonia and C. canadensis. _See_ Stoneroot, 58–59
Colombo, American, description, 53–54
Colt’s-foot, false, and colt’s-foot snakeroot. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada,
25–26
Comfrey, description, 57–58
Common names of plants, confusion, 10
Coneflower, pale-purple. _See_ Echinacea, 63
Coonroot. _See_ Bloodroot, 40–41
Coptis and C. trifolia. _See_ Goldthread, 34
Corallorhiza and C. odontorhiza. _See_ Crawley-root, 24–25
Coralroot, late, small, and small-flowered. _See_ Crawley-root, 24–25
Corn, bear. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
crow. _See_ Aletris, 19–20
snakeroot. _See_ Water-eryngo, 50–51
Cotton, wild. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
Couch-grass, description, 12–13
Crane’s-bill, description, 44–45
spotted, and wild. _See_ Crane’s-bill, description, 44–45
Crawley. _See_ Crawley-root, 24–25
Crawley-root, description, 24–25
Crow-corn. _See_ Aletris, 19–20
foot. _See_ Crane’s-bill, 44–45
soap. _See_ Soapwort, 31
Cuckold-dock. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Culver’s-physic. _See_ Culver’s-root, 59–60
root, description, 59–60
Curcuma, Ohio. _See_ Goldenseal, 31–33
Cypripedium, C. hirsutum, C. parviflorum, and C. pubescens. _See_
Lady’s-slipper, 23–24
Daffydown-dilly. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
Daisy, Irish. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Dandelion, description, 60–61
Dealers in root drugs, communication necessary, 11
samples to be sent, 11
Descriptions of plants furnishing root drugs, 11–65
root drugs, 11–65
scope of, 11
Devils-apple. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
bit. _See_ Chamaelirium and Aletris, 17–18, 19–20
bite. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
bones. _See_ Yam, wild, 21–22
ear. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Dioscorea, D. villosa, and D. villosa var. glabra. _See_ Yam, wild,
21–22
Dishcloth. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
Dock, bitter, blunt-leaved, broad-leaved, butter, common, curled,
narrow, and sour. _See_ Dock, yellow, 27–29
cuckold. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
elf, and velvet. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
yellow, description, 27–29
Dogbane, riverbank, and velvet. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Doon-head-clock. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Dovefoot. _See_ Crane’s-bill, 44–45
Dracontium and D. foetidum. _See_ Skunk-cabbage, 15
Dragon, brown, and dragon-turnip. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
Dragon’s-claw. _See_ Crawley-root, 24–25
Dropwort, western. _See_ Indian-physic, 42–43
Dryopteris filix-mas and D. marginalis. _See_ Male-fern, 11–12
Duckretter. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
Duck’s-foot. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
Durfa-grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Durfee-grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Dutch-grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Earth-gall. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
Echinacea angustifolia. _See_ Echinacea, description, 63
description, 63
Elder, horse. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
Elecampane, description, 62–63
Elf-dock. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
wort. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
Eryngium, E. aquaticum, and E. yuccifolium. _See_ Water-eryngo, 50–51
Eryngo. _See_ Water-eryngo, 50–51
Eryngo, water, description, 50–51
Eupatorium maculatum and E. purpureum. _See_ Queen-of-the-meadow, 61–62
Explanation of plates, 68
term “root drugs”, 9
Eye-balm. _See_ Goldenseal, 31–33
root. _See_ Goldenseal, 31–33
Fern, basket, evergreen wood, male shield, and marginal-fruited shield.
_See_ Male-fern, 11–12
male, description, 11–12
Feverroot. _See_ Crawley-root, 24–25
Fin’s-grass. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
Five-fingers. _See_ Ginseng, 49–50
Flag, blue, description, 22–23
_See also under_ Sweet-flag.
lily, and water. _See_ Flag, blue, 22–23
myrtle. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
poison. _See_ Flag, blue, 22–23
_See also under_ Sweet-flag.
rattlesnake. _See_ Water-eryngo, 50–51
sweet, description, 16
_See also under_ Flag, blue.
Flax, mountain. _See_ Snakeroot, Seneca, 45–47
Fleur-de-lis, American. _See_ Flag, blue, 22–23
Flower-de-luce, American. _See_ Flag, blue, 22–23
Fluctuation in prices of drugs, 11
Fortune-teller. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Frasera, F. carolinensis, and F. walteri. _See_ Colombo, American,
53–54
Fuller’s-herb. _See_ Soapwort, 31
Garget. _See_ Pokeweed, 29–30
Gelsemium and G. sempervirens. _See_ Jasmine, yellow, 51–52
Gentian, yellow. _See_ Colombo, American, 53–54
Geranium and G. maculatum, spotted, and wild. _See_ Crane’s-bill, 44–45
Gillenia, G. stipulacea, and G. trifoliata. _See_ Indian-physic, 42–43
Gilliflower, mock. _See_ Soapwort, 31
Ginger, Indian, and wild. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada, 25–26
Ginseng, American. _See_ Ginseng, description, 49–50
blue, and yellow. _See_ Cohosh, blue, 37–38
description, 49–50
Goldenseal, description, 31–33
Goldthread, description, 34
Gowan, horse, and yellow. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Grape, Oregon, description, 36–37
Rocky Mountain. _See_ Oregon grape, 36–37
Grass, Chandler’s, creeping wheat, devil’s, dog, durfa, Durfee, Dutch,
Fin’s, quack, quake, quick, quitch, scutch, twitch, wheat, and
witch. _See_ Couch-grass, 12–13
couch, description, 12–13
myrtle, and sweet. _See_ Sweet-flag, 16
Gravelroot and Indian gravelroot. _See_ Queen-of-the-meadow, 61–62
Ground-centaury. _See_ Colombo, American, 53–54
lemon. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
raspberry. _See_ Goldenseal, 31–33
squirrel pea. _See_ Twinleaf, 38–39
Gum-plant. _See_ Comfrey, 57–58
Hardock. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Healing-herb. _See_ Comfrey, 57–58
Heart-snakeroot. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada, 25–26
Hedge-pink. _See_ Soapwort, 31
Hellebore, American, description, 18–19
big, false, green, swamp, and white. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
fetid. _See_ Skunk-cabbage, 15
Helmetpod. _See_ Twinleaf, 38–39
Helonias, description, 17–18
dioica. _See_ Chamaelirium or Helonias, description, 17–18
Hemp, American, and Canadian. _See_ Indian hemp, black, 55–56
black Indian, description, 55–56
Hog-apple. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
Holly, mountain. _See_ Oregon grape, 36–37
Horse-balm and horseweed. _See_ Stoneroot, 58–59
elder and horseheal. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
gowan. _See_ Dandelion, 60–61
Horsefly-weed. _See_ Indigo, wild, 43–44
Hurr-bur. _See_ Burdock, 64–65
Huskwort. _See_ Aletris, 19–20
Hydrangea arborescens and wild hydrangea. _See_ Hydrangea, description,
41–42
description, 41–42
Hydrastis and H. canadensis. _See_ Goldenseal, 31–33
Indian apple. _See_ May-apple, 39–40
balm and Indian shamrock. _See_ Bethroot, 20–21
dye, Indian turmeric, and Indian-paint, yellow. _See_ Goldenseal,
31–33
ginger. _See_ Snakeroot, Canada, 25–26
gravelroot. _See_ Queen-of-the-meadow, 61–62
hemp, black, description, 55–56
hippo. _See_ Indian-physic, 42–43
lettuce. _See_ Colombo, American, 53–54
paint, red. _See_ Bloodroot, 40–41
physic, description, 42–43
_See also_ Indian hemp, black.
pink. _See_ Pinkroot, 52–53
poke. _See_ Hellebore, American, 18–19
posy. _See_ Pleurisy-root, 56–57
root. _See_ Sarsaparilla, wild, 48–49
shoe, yellow. _See_ Lady’s-slipper, 23–24
turnip. _See_ Turnip, wild, 13–14
Indigo, American, white wild, and yellow: indigo-broom and indigo-weed.
_See_ Indigo, wild, 43–44
wild, description, 43–44
Inkberry and red inkberry. _See_ Pokeweed, 29–30
Introduction to bulletin, 9–10
Inul. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
Inula and I. helenium. _See_ Elecampane, 62–63
Ipecac, American, and false. _See_ Indian-physic, 42–43
Iris and I. versicolor. _See_ Flag, blue, 22–23