Custumarum,” ed. Riley, i. 147-51; Stow’s “Survey,” ed. Thoms, pp. 24,
25. By the last two “Humeaus” is correctly understood to mean “The Elms”
of Smithfield, in the jurisdiction of the City of London.
[92] Chron. Avesbury, ed. Thompson, p. 285.
[93] Loyseau (Charles), “Traité des Seigneuries,” ed. 1601, p. 46; ed.
1704, p. 24.
[94] Smith (Thomas), “A Topographical and Historical Account of the
Parish of St. Marylebone,” 1833, pp. 38, 39; Loftie (W.J.), “Hist. of
London,” ii. 228-9.
[95] Matthew Paris, Chron. Majora, ed. Luard, iv. 196; Gregory’s Chron.,
p. 65.
[96] Chron. Murimuth, ed. Thompson, pp. 36, 43.
[97] “Mémoires d’un Protestant condamné aux Galères de France,” ed. 1881,
p. 432.
[98] Maillard (Firmin), “Le Gibet de Montfaucon,” 1863, pp. 16 and 17,
and frontispiece.
[99] Harleian Misc., iii. 100-8.
[100] Martin Marprelate, “Pappe with an Hatchet,” 1589.
[101] Shakespeare Socy., 1844, p. 73. This has been repeatedly quoted
(following Cunningham) as from “Tarlton’s Jests,” published in 1611,
twenty-one years later.
[102] Act. IV. sc. 3. The play is allotted to the period 1590-4.
[103] I am indebted to Mr. Herbert Sieveking for knowledge of this map.
He has described it in an article which has not appeared at the time when
this is written.
[104] In Mr. Croker’s translation we find the following: “It really
requires the concurrent testimony of all writers to make us believe that
the queen of England was forced by ‘those meddling priests’ to walk in
penance to Tyburn, and there on her knees, under the gibbet, glorify the
blessed martyrs of the Gunpowder Plot” (pp. 3, 4). The passage contains
several inaccuracies. In the first place, the testimony of all writers
was not concurrent, as is shown in the text; next, it was not charged
that the Queen “glorified” the martyrs, but that she prayed for their
souls; finally, “the blessed martyrs of the Gunpowder Plot” do not come
into the story, as not one of them was executed at Tyburn.
There exists a rare print, often reproduced, of the supposed scene. It is
of much later date and has no value whatever as evidence.
[105] In the _Athenæum_, August 17, 1907.
[106] In Annals under date.
[107] Ibid.
[108] Quoted by Mr. John W. Ford in the _Athenæum_, August 31, 1907.
[109] The testimony of maps is not wholly either in favour of a
triangular gallows, or of the site as indicated by the maps of Mackay and
Rocque. In a few the gallows is shown as consisting of three pieces. In
one map such a gallows is shown at some distance to the west of Edgeware
Road. But the maps are small and unimportant with one exception—John
Seller’s map of the county of Middlesex, 1710 and 1742. In these the
gallows of three pieces is placed just within the angle formed by the
junction of the roads. But the evidence that at these dates, 1710-42, the
gallows was triangular, and that it stood in the centre of the open space
is too clear to be upset by the evidence of this map.
[110] Mr. Alfred Robbins, in _Notes and Queries_, November 9, 1907.
[111] Strype, writing in 1720 about Hanover Square then partly built,
says: “And it is reported that the common Place of Execution of
Malefactors at Tyburn, shall be appointed elsewhere, as somewhere near
Kingsland; for the removing any Inconveniences or Annoyances, that might
thereby be occasioned to that Square, or the Houses thereabouts.”
[112] Middlesex County Records, 4 vols., 1897-1902.
[113] Chrons. of Benedict of Peterborough, ed. Stubbs, i. 155, 56; Roger
of Hoveden, ed. Stubbs, ii. 131.
Ordeal of water was of two kinds: In one the person undergoing the ordeal
was thrown into deep water; if, without swimming, he floated, he was
deemed guilty; if he sank, innocent. In this case the ordeal was probably
of boiling water, in which the person plunged his arm into boiling water;
the arm was bound up, and on its appearance after a certain time judgment
was given.
[114] Chronicles: Matthew Paris, Chron. Maj., ed. Luard, iii. 71-3;
“Hist. Anglor.,” ed. Madden, ii., 251-2; “John of Oxenede,” ed. Ellis,
147; Chron. Dunstable (in Annales Monastici) ed. Luard, iii. 78-9.
Evidently, what was at first a riot had developed into a revolt, for
“Montjoie!” was the cry of the French prince, Louis, who, brought over
by the barons, had but recently given up his pretensions to the English
crown. The alleged violation of the king’s oath afterwards furnished
Louis with a pretext for refusing a restitution demanded by the English
king.
“The Elms,” mentioned as the place of execution, was certainly The Elms
of Tyburn, as shown by Sir J. H. Ramsay, in the _Athenæum_ of September
7, 1907.
[115] Chron. Matthew Paris, Chron. Maj., ed. Luard, iii. 370. Tyburn is
not mentioned as the place of execution.
[116] Chron. Matthew Paris, Chron. Maj., ed. Luard, iii. 543-5; “Flores
Hist.,” ed. Luard, ii. 231. Tyburn is not expressly mentioned as the
place of execution.
[117] Matthew Paris, Chron. Maj., ed. Luard, iv. 193-6. Matthew of
Westminster, “Flores Histor.,” ii. 253. The names of William’s captors,
William Bardulf and Richard de Warenne, are given in “Liber de Antiquis
Legibus,” Riley’s translation, p. 9.
The place of Marsh’s execution is not given in the great chronicles, but
we are able to supply it from Gregory’s Chronicle (Camden Society, 1876):
“Henry III., Anno xxv. Ande that yere dyde Saynt Roger, Byshoppe of
London. And Wylliam Marche was drawe and hangyd at Tyburne,” p. 65. This
may make us less doubtful in allotting to Tyburn executions the place of
which is not specially mentioned.
[118] See “The Jews of Angevin England,” by Joseph Jacobs, pp. 19-21, 75.
[119] Matthew Paris, Chron. Maj., ed. Luard, v. 516-9, 552. A full list
of authorities is given by Mr. Albert M. Hyamson, “A History of the Jews
in England,” (1908), p. 87.
[120] “Liber de Antiquis Legibus,” translated by H. T. Riley, 1863, pp.
104, 105. Tyburn is not mentioned as the place of execution.
[121] Annals of Dunstable, in Annales Monastici, ed. Luard, iii. 279.
Tyburn is not expressly mentioned.
[122] Chronicles: Annals of Dunstable, in Annal. Monas., ed. Luard,
iii. 314; Ann. de Wigornia, in Annal. Monas., iv. 489, 490; the French
Chronicle of London, Riley’s translation, 248; Stow’s “Survey of London,”
ed. Thoms, 96. (Stow gives the number hanged as sixteen.) Tyburn is not
expressly mentioned.
[123] Chron. Bartholomew Cotton, ed. Luard, pp. 304-6. The passage in
Norman French in the Chronicle is here given as translated by Mr. Riley
in the French Chronicle of London, 1863, p. 295.
[124] Chron. Rishanger, ed. Riley, p. 194.
[125] The authorities for the trial, sentence, and execution of Wallace
are the following:—
Chron. of the Reigns of Edward I. and Edward III., ed. Stubbs, i. 139.
Year Book of Edward III., years 11 and 12, 170-3.
Matthew of Westminster, “Flores Hist.,” ed. Luard, iii. 124.
Chron. Knighton, ed. Lumby i. 404.
Walsingham, “Ypodigma Neustriæ,” ed. Riley, p. 235.
Chron. of William Rishanger, ed. Riley, pp. 225-6.
Maitland Club, Chron. de Lanercost, p. 203; and Documents illustrative of
Sir William Wallace.
[126] Annales Monastici, ed. Luard, iv. 294, 489. The treatment under
Edward I. of “the Celtic fringe” was severe. We see here how Scotch and
Welsh were dealt with. In Ireland, in 1301, it was accounted no offence
to kill “a mere Irishman.”
[127] Matthew of Westminster, “Flores Hist.,” ed. Luard, iii. 134-5.
[128] Chrons. of the Reigns of Edward I. and Edward II., ed. Stubbs, i.
150, 255. Tyburn is not mentioned in either case.
[129] Stow, Annals, ed. Howes, 1615, pp. 229, 230. The editions of Stow’s
Annals quoted throughout are this, and the continuation to 1631.
[130] Several Chronicles mention Tyburn in connection with the execution
of Mortimer: “Drawn from the Tower to the Elms and there hanged with
contumely,” Chron. of the Reigns of Edward I. and Edward II., ed. Stubbs,
i. 352. “Drawn from the Tower of London to the gallows at the Elms, about
a league outside the City of London, and there hanged,” Chron. Avesbury,
ed. Thompson, p. 285. “Hangyd and drawne at Tyburn for tresoun,” Chron.
Grey Friars, ed. Hewett, p. 152. “Hanged at the Elms on the common
thieves’ gallows, where he hung two days,” Chron. Murimuth, ed. Thompson,
p. 62. Murimuth was a canon of St. Paul’s in 1325; he died in 1347. In
another text (Cotton MS. Nero D. x., in the British Museum) quoted in the
Chronicle, it is said: “He was drawn by horses, on the common ox-hide,
from the Tower of London to the Elms of Tybourne and there hanged.”
This last passage is interesting: the expression “the common ox-hide”
indicates that the ox-hide was now regularly used in drawing.
The interesting indictment of Mortimer, in Norman French, is given in
Chron. Knighton, ed. Lumby, i. 454-8.
[131] Chron. Murimuth, ed. Thompson, p. 171.
[132] Chron. Murimuth, ed. Thompson, p. 253; Rymer, “Fœdera,” v. 549-50.
[133] Walsingham, “Hist. Anglic.,” ed. Riley, i. 326; Chron. Angliæ ed.
Thompson, p. 399. Tyburn is not expressly mentioned.
[134] Gregory’s Chronicle, p. 93.
[135] Stow, Annals, 303, 304; Chronicles of London, C. L. Kingsford,
1905, pp. 16, 17; Chron. Knighton, ii. p. 293; Walsingham, Hist. Ang.,
ii. 173-4.
[136] Chrons. of London, Kingsford, 1905, p. 55.
[137] Authorities: Chronicle of London (1827), p. 36; I. Julius B II. in
Chronicles of London (C. L. Kingsford, 1905), pp. 62-3; Gregory’s Chron.
(Camden Society, 1876), p. 102; Grey Friars Chron., ed. Howlett, p. 161;
Chroniques de Waurin, ed. Hardy, vol. ii. pp. 41-3; Notices et Extraits
des Manuscrits, &c., tome i, Paris, 1787. English translation, 1789.
[138] Hall’s Chronicle, ed. 1809, p. 26.
[139] Walsingham, “Hist. Anglic.,” ed. Riley, ii. 249.
[140] Stow, Annals, 330. Here again Gregory’s Chronicle supplies the
place of execution—Tyburn (p. 104).
[141] Stow, Annals, p. 365; Hall’s Chronicle, ed. 1809, p. 128.
Stow evidently took his account of Mortimer from a chronicle which has
been printed only quite lately in Chronicles of London. C. L. Kingsford,
1905, pp. 282-3, 341-2.
[142] Stow, Annals, ed. Howes, 1615, pp. 381-2.
The “Swan” in Thames Street became the “Old Swan” (it is so called in
Braun and Hogenberg’s map), and still retains the name.
[143] Gregory’s Chron., p. 188. Stow adds, “but yᵉ yeoman of yᵉ crowne
had their liuelode, and the hangman had their cloths, or wearing
apparrell. The Pardon for liues was obtained through the earnest sute
and labor of master Gilbert Worthington, then parson of S. Andrewes in
Holborn a doctor of Diuinity a famous man and a greate preacher in those
daies” (p. 386).
[144] Gregory’s Chronicle, pp. 234-5. Here again it is to the citizen of
London that we owe this curious illustration of the life of the times.
[145] Gregory’s Chronicle (“Camden Soc.,” 1876), pp. 236-7. Lord Wenlock
was killed in the battle of Tewkesbury.
[146] Smith, Sir Thomas, “De Republica Anglorum,” ed. 1583, pp. 83, 84.
[147] Lettres et Voyages, 1725-9, (Lausanne, 1903), p. 129.
[148] Wriothesley’s Chronicle (Camden Soc.), i. 17. Holinshed supplies
the date, December 4, and gives the names as Sir Rees Griffin and John
Hewes (iii. 928). Pennant, a Welshman, corrects these names to Sir Rhys
ap Gryffydd, and John Hughes. He gives particulars of the family of Sir
Rhys.
[149] This was the inner gate, still standing, of the London Charterhouse.
[150] Calendar of State Papers, Henry VIII., ed. Gairdner, xi. No. 780;
xii. (1), No. 479.
[151] Chron. Jocelin of Brakelond (Camden Society), p. 28.
[152] As, for example: In 1175, William of Waterville, Abbat of
Peterborough, designed to pledge with the Jews the arm of St. Oswald.
The monks objecting, the abbat took with him ten armed knights, and
forced his way into the cloisters and the church, inflicting mortal
wounds on some monks and servants of the monastery who resisted him. For
this he was deposed by the Archbishop of Canterbury. Chron. Benedict of
Peterborough, ed. Stubbs, i. 106.
[153] Fortescue, “The Governance of England,” ed. Plummer, 1885, pp.
137-41.
[154] Latimer’s Seven Sermons, ed. Arber, pp. 40-1.
[155] A Godly Sermon, 1552. And again:—“It is myne owne; whoe shall warne
me to do wyth myne owne as me selfe lysteth?” Select Works of Robert
Crowley (E. Engl. Text Soc., 1872), p. 157.
[156] “Complaynt of Roderyck Mors,” (E. Engl. Text Soc., 1874), p. 9.
[157] Latimer’s Seven Sermons, pp. 121, 149.
[158] In “Who Killed Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey?” I have given a list of
fifty-two of the captains of these hosts. Four thousand of the people are
said to have been butchered in Devon, and five thousand in Norfolk.
[159] “English Gilds” (E. Eng. Text. Soc., 1870).
[160] Bernard Gilpin, _op. cit._
[161] Statute 1 Edward VI. c. 3.
[162] “Rogeri Aschami Epistolarum libri quatuor, Oxoniæ,” 1703 p. 294.
The date is about 1547. The comment is that of Mr Jamieson in Barclay’s
“Ship of Fools.”
[163] “The Four Supplications” (E. Eng. Text Soc., 1871), p. 98.
[164] Ibid., pp. xvii-xviii.
[165] Ibid., p. 102. It is true that the “decay of husbandry” existed
in a less intense form before the Dissolution. There were several Acts
against pulling down “towns,” and for keeping up houses for husbandry,
the first being 4 Henry VII. (1488-9), c. 19.
[166] Latimer’s, Seven Sermons, p. 120.
[167] Holinshed, i. 186.
[168] Opera Omnia, 1663, v. p., 508.
[169] Hist. MSS. Comm. Welsh MSS. of Lord Mostyn (1898) p. x.
[170] Wriothesley’s Chron. (Camden Society), pp. 63, 64.
[171] Hall, p. 827-8; Grey Friars Chron., p. 202; Wriothesley’s Chron.
i., 101-2.
[172] Holinshed’s Chronicle iii. 954. Hall says that “greate moane was
made for them al, but moste specially for Mantel, who was as wittie, and
as towarde a gentleman, as any was in the realme, and a manne able to
haue dooen good seruice” (p. 842).
[173] This gallows is shown in Braun & Hogenberg’s map of London
(_Athenæum_, March 31, 1906: “A Neglected Map of London”).
[174] “I played the fool after my customable manner.”
[175] Rymer, “Fœdera,” xv. 181-3, 250-2. At this very time the reformers
contended “that there is no church in earth that erreth not as well in
faith as manners.” Strype, “Life of Cranmer,” p. 203.
[176] Fourth Sermon, 1549, ed. Arber, p. 116.
[177] Cal. State Papers, Domestic, 1547-80.
[178] This was the tract defending the manner in which torture had been
used (see pp. 35 _and note_, 161-2). The treatise printed by Carter
condemned Catholics for going to Protestant churches.
[179] This was also published in Latin and in Dutch. It is reprinted in
the Harleian Mis., vol. iii. Throckmorton was put on the rack but made
no admissions. Threatened again with the rack, he “voluntarily” made a
confession which he afterwards withdrew. But this sufficed. The crime
charged against him was “bringing in of Foreigners into England, and
deposing the Queen” (Camden, in Kennett’s “Complete History,” ii. 497-8).
[180] This case brings to our notice a third pamphlet issued by the
Government in defence of its proceedings. This was entitled, “The
Execution of Justice in England, for Maintenance of publique and
Christian Peace, against certeine Stirrers of Sedition, and Adherents to
the Traytours and Enemies of the Realme, without any Persecution of them
for Questions of Religion, as is falsely reported and published by the
Fautors and Fosterers of their Treasons: xvii. December, 1583.” Reprinted
in Harleian Mis., ii. 137-55, and in Somer’s Tracts, i. 189-208.
This also has been ascribed to Lord Burghley. It is a defence of the
penal laws against Catholics. A recent Act, 23 Eliz. (1581) c. 1, made
it high treason, punishable with drawing, hanging, and quartering, to
convert any one to the Church of Rome, or to be converted.
It is proverbially dangerous to argue with the master of legions; it was
equally dangerous to argue with the mistress of the rack, the gallows,
and the ripping-knife. Alfield and Webley had circulated copies of an
answer to “The Execution of Justice in England.” They experienced this
“Justice” in consequence; were tortured in prison and afterwards hanged.
[181] For an account of Lopez see “A History of the Jews in England,” by
Mr. Albert M. Hyamson, 1908, pp. 136-9.
[182] Camden’s “History of Q. Elizabeth,” in Kennett’s “History,” ii.
632. Lingard says: “No man who will read a report of his trial can
entertain a doubt of his innocence.”
[183] =1618.= _March 1._ Touching the News of the Time: Sir George
Villiers, the new Favourite, tapers up apace, and grows strong at Court:
His Predecessor the Earl of Somerset hath got a Lease of 90 years for his
Life, and so hath his _Articulate_ Lady, called so, for articling against
the frigidity and impotence of her former Lord. She was afraid that Coke,
the Lord Chief Justice (who had used such extraordinary art and industry
in discovering all the circumstances of the poisoning of Overbury)
would have made white _Broth_ of them, but that the _Prerogative_ kept
them from the _Pot_: yet the Subservient Instruments, the lesser Flies
could not break thorow, but lay entangled in the Cobweb; amongst others
Mistress Turner, the first inventress of _yellow Starch_, was executed
in a Cobweb Lawn Ruff of that colour at Tyburn, and with her I believe
that _yellow Starch_, which so much disfigured our Nation, and rendered
them so ridiculous and fantastic, will receive its Funeral. (Howell’s
“Familiar Letters,” ed. Jacobs, 1890, p. 20).
[184] Journals of the House of Lords, iv. pp. 662, 723.
[185] A vivid picture of the tyrant in 1654 is drawn in a few words by
a foreign ambassador. The Protector, he says, was living in fear with
redoubled precautions, grudging to be approached by any sort of person
(Gardiner, “Hist. of Commonwealth,” ii. p. 463, _note_). He had just
issued a proclamation ordering a return to be made by all housekeepers of
London, Westminster, and Southwark of persons lodging in their houses.
This was followed by the arrest of more than 500 persons.
[186] Clarendon’s “Hist. of the Rebellion,” ed. 1888, v. 295-7.
[187] “Hist. MSS. Comm.,” Report v. pt. i. p. 174.
[188] “Journals of the House of Commons,” viii. 202.
[189] John Evelyn, “Diary,” ed. 1850, i. 345.
[190] Sir George Wharton, “Gesta Britannorum,” 1662.
[191] “Harleian Miscellany,” ii. 285-7.
[192] Neal’s “History of the Puritans,” iv. 317-9.
[193] Pepys’ “Diary,” ed. Wheatley, ii. 180-1.
[194] “State Trials,” vi. 67-120.
[195] “State Trials,” vi. ed., pp. 225-74.
[196] _London Gazette_, No. 259, May 7-11, 1668.
[197] Fuller particulars of the trials and executions are given in the
author’s “Who Killed Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey?” 1905.
[198] This is, I think, the first case recorded in which a criminal was
allowed to make the journey to Tyburn in a coach. It became a common
practice: “Il y a des Gentlemen qui obtiennent la permission de faire ce
voyage en carosse” (Henri Misson, “Mémoires,” &c., 1698, p. 24).
[199] Mr. Pike, however, in his “History of Crime in England,” contends
that “it is not by any means certain that there was any serious legal
objection to the punishment inflicted on Oates, except, perhaps, so
far as it related to his canonical habits.” He thinks the sentence was
justified by law and precedent (ii. 232-3).
[200] Hist. MSS. Comm., Manuscripts of the Marquess of Ormonde. New
series, vol. iv., 1907.
[201] “A Short History of the Life of Major John Bernardi,” written by
himself in Newgate, 1729.
[202] Clarendon’s “History of the Rebellion,” ed. Oxford, 1849, vi. 105.
[203] On few subjects has there been so profuse an expenditure of
insincere writing as on this. Thus Hallam writes: “That writ [of habeas
corpus] rendered more actively remedial by the Statute of Charles II.,
but founded upon the broad basis of Magna Carta, is the principal bulwark
of English liberty; and if ever temporary circumstances, or the doubtful
plea of political necessity, shall lead men to look on its denial with
apathy, the most distinguishing characteristic of our constitution will
be effaced” (Hist. of Mid. Ages, ch. viii., pt. ii.). Hallam was, of
course, perfectly well acquainted with the facts of repeated suspension.
[204] It is said that in 1818 a “Tyburn ticket” was sold (as a curiosity)
for £280.
[205] Turnpike levelling was made a capital offence by 8 Geo. II. (1735)
c. 20.
[206] Hanging on the triangular gallows at Tyburn was effected by placing
the sufferer, with the rope round his neck, on a cart. This being drawn
from under him, he was left hanging. Elsewhere the usual way was to make
the sufferer mount a ladder, which was turned, so leaving him suspended.
When several persons were executed in this way, they were hanged, not
simultaneously, but one after the other.
[207] 48ᵒ Regis Henrici Tertii.
Pardonatio concessa Ivettæ de Balsham eo quod suspense fuit pro quadam
felonia ab hora nona die Lunæ usque ortum solis diei Martis sequent et
tamen viva evasit, apud Cantuar 16ᵒ Augusti. Cal. Rot. Patentium (1802),
p. 34.
[208] The punishment of the pillory for fraudulent bankruptcy was
previously enacted by 1 James I. c. 15, s. 4.
[209] According to Monsieur César de Saussure, who was in England in
1726, the weight was increased every four hours (“Lettres et Voyages,”
pp. 126-7).
[210] Villette, (“Annals of Newgate,” i. 16-24). An account of the origin
and development of this practice has been given on pp. 36-43.
[211] Swift wrote some verses on Blueskin.
[212] “An Enquiry into the Causes of the frequent Executions at Tyburn,”
1725.
[213] Pope, in his “Dunciad” speaks of “⸺hymning Tyburn’s elegiac lines”
(i. 41).
[214] In 1810 the Archbishop of Canterbury and six Bishops voted against
Romilly’s Bill to abolish capital punishment for stealing privately in a
shop to the value of five shillings (“Life of Romilly,” ii. 130).
[215] This is the Shoplifting Act. It is also frequently cited as 10 & 11
Will. III., c. 23.
INDEX
Abbey lands, 157
ab Ulmis, John, an imported preacher, 142
a Lasco, John, an imported preacher, 142
Æthelstan, laws of, 19, 56
Alfred, laws of, 55
Aliens Act of 1905 anticipated, 147
Amos, Andrew, his “Great Oyer of Poisoning,” 178, 181
Anabaptists—
Commission to try, 158
Latimer jeers at their constancy, 158
burnt, 177
Anglo-Saxon penal legislation, 55
Arians burnt, 177
Ascham, Roger, on destruction of Yeomanry, 140
Assassination Plot, 215-16
strange sequel to, 216-19
Athol, Earl of, hanged on a high gallows, 101
Bacon, Francis, in trial of Robert Carr, 181, 22 _note_
Bagshot Heath, gibbet on, 211
Ball, John, and revolt of the peasants, 106
Barclay, Alexander, “Ship of Fools,” iv, 140 _note_
Barkworth, Mark, manner of his death, 173
Barton, Elizabeth, “The Holy Maid of Kent,” 133
Bassompierre, Maréchal de, 66
Bedloe, William, perjurer, dies, 202
Beheading, 31-4
Bentham, Jeremy, 78
his father robbed, 266
Bernardi, Major John—
imprisoned without trial for forty years, 216
Dr. Johnson on, 217
dies in prison, 218
Bethnal Green—
weavers of, riotous, 254-55
two weavers hanged near church, 255
constitutional question arises, 255
Bigamy—
a bar to benefit of clergy, 127-29
old meaning of word, 129
provisions as to, 131-32
bigamist put on footing of others, 132
Black Death, 49
Blake, Admiral, his body removed, 192
Bleackley, Horace—
tells story of the Perreaus, 261
of W. W. Ryland, 266
“Blood-Bowl House”—
in Hanging-Sword Alley, 241
figures in print by Hogarth, 241
Boiling to death, _see_ Executions
Boleyn, Anne, 132-33
Bones discovered at corner of Edgware Road, 53
Borough Customs, 19-20
Bosgrave, James, condemned to death, 160-61
Bow Church, 80-1, 97-8
Bowel-burning—
remarkable case, 109
at Charing Cross, 190
And _see_ Treason
Boy martyr—
of Lincoln, 91-4
of Norwich, 91
Brabant, merchants of, robbed, 9-10
Bradshaw, John, his dead body hanged on Tyburn gallows, 190
Breaking on the wheel—
not in use in England, 23-4
adoption recommended, 246
Bréauté, Fawkes de, hangs Constantine Fitz-Athulf 85-6
Brembre, Nicholas, his misdeeds and fate, 107
Brentford, gallows at, 15
Brinklow Henry, on rapacity of landlords, 139
Briton, Ralph—
a priest, imprisoned on false accusation, 87
released, 87-8
Bronchotomy, 225, 252
Brownrigg, Mrs., her cruelty to apprentices, 253-54