{1} From the _Cornhill Magazine_, March 1919.
{2} The large-leaved lime is described by Hooker as being a doubtful
"denizen."
{3} _A Naturalist's Calendar_, by Leonard Blomefield (formerly Jenyns).
Cambridge University Press. Edited by Francis Darwin, 1903.
{4a} _Calendar_, p. 3, note b.
{4b} _The Student's Flora of the British Islands_, 3rd ed., 1884, p.
191.
{5} I was led to examine them by a writer in _The Times_ (6th February
1918), who describes the buds as being as blue "as wood-smoke from
cottage chimneys."
{6} Ludwig has seen creatures, which run on the surface of the water,
carry away duckweed pollen. These fertilisers belong to the families
Hydrometridae, Corisidae, and Naucoridae.
{7} This, and part of what follows, is from unpublished notes of
lectures given at Cambridge.
{11} The present discussion is partly taken from my introduction to
Blomefield's _Naturalist's Calendar_, 1903.
{12a} _Observations in Natural History_, p. 334.
{12b} Earliest date noted, 21st April; latest, 8th May.
{12c} Earliest date, 21st March; latest, 7th May (fifteen years'
observation).
{12d} Quoted in Prior's _Popular Names of British Plants_, 3rd ed.,
1879, p. 59.
{15} Reprinted from the _Cornhill Magazine_, June 1919.
{16} Though, I confess, I only guess at some of them.
{17a} Fogle means a silk handkerchief, according to Farmer and Henley's
_Dictionary of Slang_, 1905, and may perhaps suggest the picking of
pockets. Its connection with Bandanna is obvious.
{17b} The appropriateness of Burke is sufficiently obvious. The trial
of Thurtell by Judge Park was also a _cause celebre_. There was a ballad
of the day in which the victim is described with some bloodthirsty detail
which I omit:
"His name was Mr William Weare,
He lived in Lyons Inn."
After the murder Thurtell drove back to London and had a hearty supper at
an eating-house. Judge Park, who tried him, is said to have exclaimed:
"Commit a murder and eat six pork chops! Good God, what dreams the man
must have had." Catherine Hayes was also a well-known miscreant.
{18} A collocation preceding by half a dozen years Doyle's immortal
travels of Brown, Jones, and Robinson.
{19} There is also a Mrs Glowry (chap. xxvi.), who speculates as to
whether the Pope is to fall in 1836 or 1839.
{20} _The History of Pickwick_, 1891, pp. 14, 15.
{21} _The History of Pickwick_, 1891, p. 153.
{23} How much better is the name Madge Wildfire for a somewhat similar
character in _The Heart of Midlothian_.
{25} The name of the ducal seat Gatherum Castle is utterly bad.
{26} Here referred to by his Christian name only. I think it was this
eminent M.D. who was called in when Bishop Grantley was dying.
{29a} In two volumes: Oxford, 1857.
{29b} The book, according to the _Dictionary of National Biography_, was
edited by Warton and Huddesford.
{30a} "Even when a Boy, he [T. H.] was observed to be continually poring
over the Old Tomb-Stones in his own Church-yard, as soon almost as he was
Master of the Alphabet."
{30b} The following description is taken from _Reliquiae Hearnianae_,
vol. ii., p. 904. Hearne wrote:--
5_th Feb._ 1729.--"My best friend, Mr Francis Cherry, was a very
handsome man, particularly when young. His hands were delicately
white. He was a man of great parts, and one of the finest gentlemen
in England. K. James II., seeing him on horseback in Windsor forest,
when his majesty was hunting, asked who it was, and . . . said he
never saw any one sit a horse better in his life.
"Mr Cherry was educated at the free school at Bray. . . . He was
gentleman commoner at Edem-hall anno 1682. . . . The hall was then
very full, particularly there were then a great many gentlemen
commoners there."
{30c} To this school he went daily on foot, three miles there and three
back.
{31} Transcriber's note: reproduced as printed.
{39} The close of the parenthesis is wanting in the original.
{41} 10_th Feb._ 1721-2.--"Whereas the university deputations on Ash
Wednesday should begin exactly at one o'clock, they did not begin this
year till two or after, which is owing to several colleges having altered
their hour of dining from eleven to twelve, occasioned from people's
lying in bed longer than they used to do."
{46a} The word _heartick_ does not occur in the New Oxford Dictionary.
{46b} Of Lord Baltimore's family.
{56a} _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, i., p. 138.
{56b} As described in _Rustic Sounds_, p. 2.
{60} _Pickwick_, chap. xliv.
{62} The "scorers were prepared to notch the runs" (_Pickwick_, chap.
vii.).
{63} He was afterwards Savilian Professor of Astronomy at Oxford: he
died in 1893.
{67} _Rustic Sounds_, p. 92.
{68a} During my life in London as a medical student I had the happiness
of living with my uncle, Erasmus Darwin, one beloved under the name of
_Uncle Ras_ by all his nephews and nieces.
{68b} In celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of
the _Origin of Species_.
{71} _Old English Instruments of Music_, by Francis W. Galpin, 1910.
{72} Modern harps, however, have pedals for raising the natural note of
any string by a semi-tone.
{73a} It has also a greater compass than the rote.
{73b} In obedience to good authority I have here adopted the spelling
Clairsech instead of Clarsech. I presume that the spelling _Clarsy_ (p.
74) is intentionally phonetic.
{74a} We imagine the gittern to be laid flat on a table with strings
uppermost.
{74b} Galpin, p. 21.
{77a} In Mr Dolmetsch's _The Interpretation of the Music of the XVIlth
and XVIIIth Centuries_ (N.D.), the author also points out, p. 446, that
the _frets_ of the viol give to the stopped notes the "_clear ring_" of
the open strings. He claims also that in the viol "the manner of holding
the bow and ordering its strokes . . . prevents the strong accents
characteristic" of the violin, and facilitates "an even and sustained
tone."
He recommends (p. 452) that frets should be added to the Double Bass,
which would "give clearness to many rapid passages which at present only
make a rumbling noise."
{77b} On Mace's title-page he describes himself as "one of the Clerks of
Trinity Colledge in the University of Cambridge."
{85} See my book, _Rustic Sounds_, 1917, where the pipe and tabor are
more fully treated.
{87} A curious rustic shawm which survived in Oxfordshire until modern
times is the Whithorn or May Horn. It was made by a strip of bark
twisted into a conical tube fixed together with hawthorn prickles and
sounded by a reed made of the green bark of the young willow. The
instruments were made every year for the Whit Monday hunt which took
place in the forest.
{88} They were also known as wayte pipes, after the watchmen (waytes)
who played on them.
{89a} It is believed to have given its name to the well-known dance.
{89b} Galpin, p. 172.
{90} A straight horn, however, existed.
{91} So spelled, in order to distinguish it from the cornet a piston,
once so popular.
{92} Mr Dolmetsch, _op. cit._, p. 459, says that the serpent "was still
common in French churches about the middle of the nineteenth century; and
although, as a rule, the players had no great skill, those who have heard
its tone combined with deep men's voices in plain-song melodies, know
that no other wind or string instrument has efficiently replaced it."
{94a} No specimen of the true portative is known to be in existence
(Galpin, p. 228).
{94b} _Rustic Sounds_, p. 197.
{96a} Page 244.
{96b} Page 249.
{96c} The old name for the kettle-drum was _nakers_, a word of Arabic or
Saracenic origin.
{96d} The larger of the kettle-drums has a range of five notes from the
bass F, immediately below the line. The smaller drum's range (also of
five notes) is from the B flat, just below the highest note of the bigger
drum (p. 253).
{97} The earliest use of the name kettle-drum is in 1551 (Galpin, p.
251).
{100a} The name, however, is apparently not as old as the ceremonies.
It is said by Britten and Holland (_Dictionary of Plant-names_) to have
been invented by Gerard (1597).
{100b} Prior, _The Popular Names of British Plants_, ed. iii., 1879, p.
89.
{100c} Blomefield (formerly Jenyns) was a contemporary of my father's at
Cambridge, and was remarkable for wide knowledge, and especially for the
minute accuracy of his work. He kept for many years a diary of the dates
of flowering of plants and of other phenomena, which the Cambridge
University Press republished in 1903 as _A Naturalist's Calendar_.
{106} _Guy Mannering_, vol. ii., ch. xxiv.
{107} Britten and Holland.
{114} Bentham, _Illustrations of the British Flora_, 5th ed., 1901, p.
68.
{115a} _Life and Letters of Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker_, _O.M._,
_G.C.S.I._, by Leonard Huxley, 2 vols. John Murray, 1918.
{115b} The only obvious exception seems to be that too much space has
been given to Sir Joseph's letters to Mr La Touche, inasmuch as they are
not especially interesting. It is not clear why Sir Joseph corresponded
so much with Mr La Touche. Can it be that he wished to placate him as
being his son's schoolmaster?
{116} i., p. 5.
{122a} Hooker's son Brian was named after him.
{122b} Hooker's _Himalayan Journals_ was published in 1854, and
dedicated to Charles Darwin by "his affectionate friend."
{123} As a further instance of the treatment Hooker received from the
Indian authorities, I cannot resist quoting from vol. ii., p. 145: "The
Court of Directors snubbed him before he set out, refusing him assistance
and official letters of introduction to India, and even a passage out. . . .
It was Hooker who surveyed and mapped the whole province of Sikkim,
and opened up the resources of Darjiling at the cost of captivity . . .
and the consequent loss of all his instruments and part of his notes and
collections. Yet the India Board actually sold on Government behalf the
presents the Rajah made him after his release," though they owed to his
energy the Government sites of the tea and cinchona cultivation.
{124} "On the Reception of the Origin of Species," _Life and Letters of
Charles Darwin_, ii., p. 197.
{125} _Life and Letters of Charles Darwin_, ii., p. 241.
{127a} _More Letters_, i., p. 117.
{127b} _Life of Hooker_, i., p. 536.
{128a} And finally, after Hooker's retirement, Director.
{128b} ii., p. 139.
{128c} ii., p. 142.
{131} In 1882 Hooker had written to Darwin:--"The First Commissioner
(one of your d---d liberals) wrote a characteristically illiberal and
ill-bred minute . . . in effect warning me against your putting the Board
to any expense! . . . I flared up at this, and told the Secretary . . .
that the F. C., rather than send me such a minute, should have written a
letter of thanks to you."
{133} That is to say, to a great-grandson of Josiah Wedgwood.
{137a} The _History of St Bartholomew's Hospital_, by Norman Moore,
M.D., London. C. Arthur Pearson, Limited, 1918.
{137b} Sir Norman Moore expresses his thanks to Mr Thomas Hayes, the
present Clerk of the Hospital, for his courtesy on innumerable occasions
during the progress of the author's researches.
{141} It is curious that, although the Christian names of men occurring
in the history are quite ordinary, the women's names are often
unfamiliar, _e.g._, Godena, Sabelina, Hawisia, Lecia, Auina, Hersent,
Wakerilda.
{142} Doubtless Dr Moore himself.
{144} William may have come from the village of Bassingbourne, near
Cambridge.
{145} See _Henry IV._, Part ii., Act v., Scene v.
{150} In 1561 a new seal was made which is still in use.
{154} Here and elsewhere I have fallen a victim to Dr Moore's pleasant
gift of narrative, for I cannot pretend that either Paulus Jovius or
Robert Browning are connected with the hospital.
{161} _Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy_, edited by Wilfrid
Airy. Cambridge: At the University Press, 1896.
{164} My uncle, Henry Wedgwood, as an undergraduate at Jesus, made a
happy use of Peacock's name:--
"Walk in and see
Our menagerie,
For amateurs a feast,
Where Dawes and Peacock
Are our birds
And . . . is our beast."
I have forgotten the name of the beast, but he was an unpopular fellow of
Jesus.
{166} I am surprised that so large a sum was charged in those days; in
my time the coach received 8 pounds.
{175a} _A Memoir of the Reverend Sydney Smith_, by his daughter, Lady
Holland. With a selection from his letters, edited by Mrs Austin. 2nd
Edit., 1855.
{175b} Her maiden name was Pybus; they were married in 1799 or 1800.
{175c} Sydney Smith believed (i., p. 403) that "one of the Duke of
Wellington's earliest victories was at Eton, over" Sydney's "eldest
brother Bobus."
{176a} The remark was allowable since Robert was singularly handsome
(i., p. 4).
{176b} I gather that the fellowship was but 100 pounds per annum.
{177a} Francis Jeffrey, afterwards Lord Jeffrey, 1773-1850, was the son
of a high Tory, but personally a Liberal. He is described as being
healthy though diminutive. Sydney Smith makes jokes about his stature:
_e.g._, 3rd September 1809, "Are we to see you? (a difficult thing at all
times to do)." In character he is described as "nervous, sensitive, and
tender." Sydney wrote to him in 1806:--If "you could be alarmed into the
semblance of modesty you would charm everybody; but remember my joke
against you about the moon;--'D---n the solar system! bad light--planets
too distant--pestered with comets--feeble contrivance;--could make a
better with great ease.'"
{177b} Horner, Francis (1778-1817), called to the Bar in 1807, and was
through the influence of Lord Carrington returned for the borough of
Wendover. He was a man of sound judgment and unassuming manners, of
scrupulous integrity, and great amiability of character. He was a
correct and forcible speaker, and though without the gift of humour,
exercised a remarkable influence in the House of Commons, owing to his
personal character. He was one of the original founders of the
_Edinburgh Review_, the other two being Jeffrey and Sydney Smith.
{178a} The closely allied name, _Sabelina_, occurs in Sir N. Moore's
_History of St Bartholomew's Hospital_, vol. i., p. 64.
{178b} It was said (i., p. 138) that the King, who had been reading
Sydney's _Edinburgh Review_ articles, remarked that he was a very clever
fellow but would never be a bishop.
{183} It appears (i., p. 282) that he felt deeply the fact that he had
not been offered a Bishopric, though he had made up his mind to refuse
it. Lord Melbourne is said to have much regretted not having made a
bishop of Sydney.
{185} Sydney wrote of Macaulay: "I always prophesied his greatness from
the first moment I saw him, then a very young and unknown man, on the
Northern Circuit." His enemies might say he talked rather too much, "but
now he has occasional flashes of silence, that make his conversation
perfectly delightful" (i., p. 415).
{186} The wife of Henry Richard Vassall Fox, 3rd Baron Holland
(1773-1840), only son of Stephen, 2nd Lord Holland by Lady Mary
Fitzpatrick, daughter of the Earl of Upper Ossory. He was a consistent
Liberal in politics, and supported all measures against the slave trade
and was in favour of emancipation, and this in spite of being the owner
of "extensive plantations in Jamaica." After his death the following
verse in his handwriting was found on his dressing-table:--
"Nephew of Fox, and friend of Grey,
Enough my mead of fame
If those who deign'd to observe me say
I injured neither name."
In the version quoted by Sydney Smith (_Memoir and Letters_, vol. ii., p.
457) the last line is "I tarnished neither name"; the punctuation is
slightly different from the above, which is taken from the _Dict. of Nat.
Biog._
{199} My authorities are:--_The Letters of Charles Dickens_, edited by
his sister-in-law and his eldest daughter, 2 vols., 1882; _The Life of
Charles Dickens_, by John Forster, 8th Edit., 1872; _My Father as I
recall him_, by Mamie Dickens, Roxburghe Press, N.D. The authoress says
that "it is twenty-six years since my father died"; this would make the
date of her book 1896.
{200a} His son.
{200b} M. Dickens, p. 26.
{201} Forster, i., p. 4.
{202a} Forster, i., p. 9.
{202b} In writing to Walter Savage Landor (Letters, ii., p. 48), 1856,
he asks (in reference to _Robinson Crusoe_) if it is not a testimony to
the homely force of truth that--"One of the most popular books on earth
has nothing in it to make anyone laugh or cry. Yet I think, with some
confidence, that you never did either over any passage in _Robinson
Crusoe_. In particular, I took Friday's death as one of the least tender
and (in the true sense) least sentimental things ever written. . . ." He
goes on:--"It is a book I read very much; and the wonder of its
prodigious effect on me and everyone, and the admiration thereof, grows
on me the more I observe this curious fact."
{203} Was it chance or intention that gave his hero the initials D.C.,
an inversion of C.D.?
{205} _Pickwick_, chap. ix.
{206} A corruption of Moses in the _Vicar of Wakefield_.
{208} His sense of the reality of his characters is shown by his
daughter's recollection of her father pointing out the exact spot where
Mr Winkle called out, "Whoa! I have dropped my whip."
{209} William Charles Macready, 1793-1873, the son of William Macready,
actor and manager, was born in London; his mother was an actress.
In 1803 he went to Rugby, the idea being that he should go to the Bar.
In 1810 Macready made his first appearance on the stage, taking the part
of Romeo with considerable success. Mrs Siddons, with whom he acted,
encouraged him--telling him to "study, study, study, and do not marry
till you are thirty." During the four years he remained with his father
he played seventy-four parts. He seems to have failed to agree with his
father, and took an engagement at Bath in 1814. In 1816 he made his
first appearance at Covent Garden. Kean was in the audience and
applauded loudly. His Richard III. (in London 1819) took a firm hold of
the public and established "a dangerous rivalry for Kean." His temper
seems to have been violent, for in 1836 he knocked down Bunn as "a damned
scoundrel" and had to pay damages. In 1837 he was manager of Covent
Garden Theatre. He was the original Claude Melnotte in 1838.
In 1850 he played at Windsor Castle under Charles Kean, who "sent him a
courteous message and received a characteristically churlish reply." He
took the last of many farewell performances in 1851. His diary and
reminiscences have been edited by Sir F. Pollock.
{216} In 1858 he wrote to a friend asking him to convey a note of thanks
"to the author of _Scenes of Clerical Life_ whose two first stories I can
never say enough of, I think them so truly admirable." He adds that they
are undoubtedly by a woman.
{219} Lady Holland.
{221} Mr Arthur Smith, his friend and secretary.
{228} It was curious that he should use so provincial an expression as
_riding_ in a cab.
{231a} Originally published in the proceedings of the _Cotteswold Nat.
Field Club_, 1918, under the title, "The Effects of the Cold Spring of
1917 on the Flowering of Plants."
{231b} _A Naturalist's Calendar kept at Swaffham Bulbeck_,
_Cambridgeshire_. By Leonard Blomefield (formerly Jenyns). Edited by
Francis Darwin. Cambridge: at the University Press, 1903.
{232} I am also indebted to Mr Embrey for his kind help in this matter.
{233} Kjellman, in Nordenskiold's _Studien und Forschungen_, 1885, pp.
449, 467.
{234} Botan: Zeitung, 1877.
{235} _A Naturalist's Calendar_, p. xii.
{237} _The Times Literary Supplement_, 12th January 1917, p. 326.