THE BIRTH OF ATHENE
One day Zeus was ill. To us it is strange to think of the gods as
suffering the same pains as mortals suffer, but to the Hellenes it
seemed quite natural.
Zeus was ill. His head ached so severely that he bade all the gods
assemble in Olympus to find a cure for his pain. But not one of them,
not even Apollo, who was god of medicine as well as Sun-god, could ease
the suffering deity.
After a time Zeus grew impatient with the cruel pain, and resolved at
all costs to end it. So he sent for his strong son Hephaestus, and bade
him take an axe and cleave open his head.
Hephaestus did not hesitate to obey, and no sooner had the blow
descended than from his father’s head sprang forth Athene, the goddess
of war and wisdom. She was clad in armour of pure gold, and held in
her hand a spear, poised as though for battle. From her lips rang a
triumphant war-song.
The assembled gods gazed in wonder, not unmixed with fear at the
warrior goddess, who had so suddenly appeared in their midst. But she
herself stood unmoved before them, while a great earthquake shook the
land and proclaimed to the dwellers in Hellas the birth of a new god.
Athene was a womanly goddess as well as a warlike one. She presided
over all kinds of needlework, and herself loved to weave beautiful
tapestries.
Soon after the birth of the goddess a man named Cecrops came to a
province in Greece, which was afterwards known as Attica. Here he
began to build a city, which grew so beautiful beneath his hands that
the gods in Olympus marvelled. When it was finished, each of the gods
wished to choose a name for the city Cecrops had built.
As only one name could be used, the gods met in a great council to
determine what was to be done. Soon, one by one, each gave up his wish
to name the city, save only Athene and Poseidon.
Then Zeus decreed that Athene and Poseidon should create an object
which would be of use to mortals. To name the city and to care for it
should be the prize of the one who produced the more useful gift.
Poseidon at once seized his three-pronged fork or trident, which was
the sign that he was ruler of the sea. As he struck the ground with it
lo! a noble horse sprang forth, the first horse that the gods had seen.
As Poseidon told the gods in how many ways the beautiful animal could
be of use to mortals, they thought that Athene would not be able to
produce anything that could help men more.
When she quietly bade the council to look at an olive-tree, the gods
laughed her to scorn. But they soon ceased to laugh. For Athene told
them how the wood, the fruit, the leaves, all were of use, and not only
so, but that the olive-tree was the symbol of peace, while the horse
was the symbol of war. And war did ever more harm than good to mortals.
So the gods decided that it was Athene who had won the right to name
the city, and she gave to it her own name of Athene, and the citizens
ever after worshipped her as their own peculiar goddess.
Of this city, which we know as Athens, you will hear much in this
story.