current situation: Malaysia is a destination and, to a
lesser extent, a source and transit country for women and children
trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation, and
men, women, and children for forced labor; Malaysia is mainly a
destination country for men, women, and children who migrate
willingly from South and Southeast Asia to work, some of whom are
subjected to conditions of involuntary servitude by Malaysian
employers in the domestic, agricultural, construction, plantation,
and industrial sectors; to a lesser extent, some Malaysian women,
primarily of Chinese ethnicity, are trafficked abroad for commercial
sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Malaysia does not
fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so, despite
some progress in enforcing the 2007 comprehensive anti-trafficking
law; it has yet to fully address labor trafficking in Malaysia;
there are credible allegations of involvement of Malaysian
immigration officials in trafficking and extorting Burmese refugees;
the government did not develop mechanisms to effectively screen
victims of trafficking in vulnerable groups and condones the
confiscation of passports of migrant workers by employers (2009)
Mauritania
current situation: Mauritania is a source and destination
country for children trafficked for forced labor and sexual
exploitation; slavery-related practices, rooted in ancestral
master-slave relationships, continue to exist in isolated parts of
the country; Mauritanian boys called talibe are trafficked within
the country by religious teachers for forced begging; children are
also trafficked by street gangs within the country that force them
to steal, beg, and sell drugs; girls are trafficked internally for
domestic servitude and sexual exploitation; women and children from
neighboring states are trafficked into Mauritania for purposes of
forced begging, domestic servitude, and sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 3 - the Government of Mauritania does not fully
comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking
and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government did
not show evidence of overall progress in prosecuting and punishing
trafficking offenders, protecting trafficking victims, and
preventing new incidents of trafficking during the past year;
progress that the previous government demonstrated in 2007 through
enactment of strengthened anti-slavery legislation and deepened
political will to eliminate slavery and trafficking has stalled; law
enforcement efforts to address human trafficking including
traditional slavery practices decreased (2009)
Moldova
current situation: Moldova is a major source and, to a
lesser extent, a transit country for women and girls trafficked for
the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; Moldovan women are
trafficked to the Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Western Europe;
girls and young women are trafficked within the country from rural
areas to Chisinau; children are also trafficked to neighboring
countries for forced labor and begging; labor trafficking of men to
work in the construction, agriculture, and service sectors of Russia
is increasingly a problem; according to an ILO report, Moldova's
national Bureau of Statistics estimated that there were likely over
25,000 Moldovan victims of trafficking for forced labor in 2008
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - The Government of Moldova does not
fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so;
despite initial efforts to combat trafficking-related complicity
since the government's reassessment on the Tier 2 Watch List in
September 2008, and increased victim assistance, the government did
not demonstrate sufficiently meaningful efforts to curb
trafficking-related corruption, which is a government-acknowledged
problem in Moldova; the government improved victim protection
efforts, deployed more law-enforcement officers in the effort and
contributed direct financial assistance toward victim protection and
assistance for the first time (2010)
Niger
current situation: Niger is a source, transit, and destination
country for children and women trafficked for forced labor and
sexual exploitation; caste-based slavery practices, rooted in
ancestral master-slave relationships, continue in isolated areas of
the country - an estimated 8,800 to 43,000 Nigeriens live under
conditions of traditional slavery; children are trafficked within
Niger for forced begging, forced labor in gold mines, domestic
servitude, sexual exploitation, and possibly for forced labor in
agriculture and stone quarries; women and children from neighboring
states are trafficked to and through Niger for domestic servitude,
sexual exploitation, forced labor in mines and on farms, and as
mechanics and welders
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Niger does not
fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking and is not making any significant efforts to do so; the
government demonstrated marginal efforts to combat human
trafficking, including traditional slavery, during the last year
(2009)
Papua New Guinea
current situation: Papua New Guinea is a country of
destination for women and children from Malaysia, the Philippines,
Thailand, and China trafficked for the purpose of commercial sexual
exploitation; internal trafficking of women and children for the
purposes of sexual exploitation and involuntary domestic servitude
occurs as well
tier rating: Tier 3 - Papua New Guinea does not fully comply with
the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not
making significant efforts to do so; the current legal framework
does not contain elements of crimes that characterize trafficking;
the government lacks victim protection services or a systematic
procedure to identify victims of trafficking; the government did not
prosecute anyone in 2007 for trafficking; Papua New Guinea has not
ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
Qatar
current situation: Qatar is a destination country for men and
women from South and Southeast Asia who migrate willingly, but are
subsequently trafficked into involuntary servitude as domestic
workers and laborers, and, to a lesser extent, commercial sexual
exploitation; the most common offense was forcing workers to accept
worse contract terms than those under which they were recruited;
other conditions include bonded labor, withholding of pay,
restrictions on movement, arbitrary detention, and physical, mental,
and sexual abuse
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the Government of Qatar does not
fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so; in
February 2009, Qatar enacted a new migrant worker sponsorship law
that criminalizes some practices commonly used by trafficking
offenders, and it announced plans to use that law effectively to
prevent human trafficking; punishment for offenses related to
trafficking in persons remains lower than that for crimes such as
rape and kidnapping, and the Qatari government has yet to take
significant action to investigate, prosecute, and punish trafficking
offenses; the government continues to lack formal victim
identification procedures and, as a result, victims of trafficking
are likely punished for acts committed as a direct result of being
trafficked (2009)
Russia
current situation: Russia is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for
various purposes; it remains a significant source of women
trafficked to over 50 countries for commercial sexual exploitation;
Russia is also a transit and destination country for men and women
trafficked from Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and North Korea to
Central and Western Europe and the Middle East for purposes of
forced labor and sexual exploitation; internal trafficking remains a
problem in Russia with women trafficked from rural areas to urban
centers for commercial sexual exploitation, and men trafficked
internally and from Central Asia for forced labor in the
construction and agricultural industries; debt bondage is common
among trafficking victims, and child sex tourism remains a concern
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Russia is on the Tier 2 Watch List
for a fifth consecutive year for its failure to show evidence of
increasing efforts to combat trafficking over the previous year,
particularly in providing assistance to victims of trafficking;
comprehensive trafficking victim assistance legislation, which would
address key deficiencies, has been pending before the Duma since
2003 and was neither passed nor enacted in 2007 (2008)
Saudi Arabia
current situation: Saudi Arabia is a destination
country for workers from South and Southeast Asia who are subjected
to conditions that constitute involuntary servitude including being
subjected to physical and sexual abuse, non-payment of wages,
confinement, and withholding of passports as a restriction on their
movement; domestic workers are particularly vulnerable because some
are confined to the house in which they work unable to seek help;
Saudi Arabia is also a destination country for Nigerian, Yemeni,
Pakistani, Afghan, Somali, Malian, and Sudanese children trafficked
for forced begging and involuntary servitude as street vendors; some
Nigerian women were reportedly trafficked into Saudi Arabia for
commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 3 - Saudi Arabia does not fully comply with the
minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not
making significant efforts to do so; the government continues to
lack adequate anti-trafficking laws and, despite evidence of
widespread trafficking abuses, did not report any criminal
prosecutions, convictions, or prison sentences for trafficking
crimes committed against foreign domestic workers (2008)
Sri Lanka
current situation: Sri Lanka is a source and destination
country for men and women trafficked for the purposes of involuntary
servitude and commercial sexual exploitation; Sri Lankan men and
women migrate willingly to the Persian Gulf, Middle East, and East
Asia to work as construction workers, domestic servants, or garment
factory workers, where some find themselves in situations of
involuntary servitude when faced with restrictions on movement,
withholding of passports, threats, physical or sexual abuse, and
debt bondage; children are trafficked internally for commercial
sexual exploitation and, less frequently, for forced labor
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a fourth consecutive year, Sri
Lanka is on the Tier 2 Watch List for failing to provide evidence of
increasing efforts to combat severe forms of human trafficking,
particularly in the area of law enforcement; the government failed
to arrest, prosecute, or convict any person for trafficking offenses
and continued to punish some victims of trafficking for crimes
committed as a result of being trafficked; Sri Lanka has not
ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
Sudan
current situation: Sudan is a source country for men, women,
and children trafficked internally for the purposes of forced labor
and sexual exploitation; Sudan is also a transit and destination
country for Ethiopian women trafficked abroad for domestic
servitude; Sudanese women and girls are trafficked within the
country as well as possibly to Middle Eastern countries for domestic
servitude; the terrorist rebel organization, Lord's Resistance Army,
continues to harbor small numbers of Sudanese and Ugandan children
in the southern part of the country for use as cooks, porters, and
combatants; some of these children are also trafficked across
borders into Uganda or the Democratic Republic of the Congo; militia
groups in Darfur, some of which are linked to the government, abduct
women for short periods of forced labor and to perpetrate sexual
violence; during the two decades-long north-south civil war,
thousands of Dinka women and children were abducted and subsequently
enslaved by members of the Missiriya and Rezeigat tribes; while
there have been no known new abductions of Dinka by members of
Baggara tribes in the last few years, inter-tribal abductions
continue in southern Sudan
tier rating: Tier 3 - Sudan does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking and is not making
significant efforts to do so; combating human trafficking through
law enforcement or prevention measures was not a priority for the
government in 2007 (2008)
Swaziland
current situation: Swaziland is a source, destination, and
transit country for women and children trafficked internally and
transnationally for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation,
domestic servitude, and forced labor in agriculture; Swazi girls,
particularly orphans, are trafficked internally for commercial
sexual exploitation and domestic servitude, as well as to South
Africa and Mozambique; Swazi boys are trafficked for forced labor in
commercial agriculture and market vending; some Swazi women are
forced into prostitution in South Africa and Mozambique after
voluntarily migrating to these countries in search of work
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - the government of Swaziland does
not comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of
trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so; the
government believes that trafficking probably does occur, but does
not know the extent of the problem; the government does not judge
trafficking to be an "important" problem and chooses to direct its
limited resources towards other issues, a judgment which
significantly limited the government's current efforts to eliminate
human trafficking, or to plan anti-trafficking activities or
initiatives for the future (2010)
Syria
current situation: Syria is a destination and transit country
for women and children trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation
and forced labor; a significant number of women and children in the
large and expanding Iraqi refugee community in Syria are reportedly
forced into commercial sexual exploitation by Iraqi gangs or, in
some cases, their families; women from Indonesia, Sri Lanka, the
Philippines, Ethiopia, and Sierra Leone are recruited for work in
Syria as domestic servants, but some face conditions of involuntary
servitude, including long hours, non-payment of wages, withholding
of passports, restrictions on movement, threats, and physical or
sexual abuse
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Syria again failed to report any
law enforcement efforts to punish trafficking offenses in 2007; in
addition, the government did not offer protection services to
victims of trafficking and may have arrested, prosecuted, or
deported some victims for prostitution or immigration violations;
Syria has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP Protocol (2008)
Tajikistan
current situation: Tajikistan is a source country for
women trafficked through Kyrgyzstan and Russia to the UAE, Turkey,
and Russia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men
are trafficked to Russia and Kazakhstan for the purpose of forced
labor, primarily in the construction and agricultural industries;
boys and girls are trafficked internally for various purposes,
including forced labor and forced begging
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Tajikistan is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat human trafficking, especially efforts to investigate,
prosecute, convict, and sentence traffickers; despite evidence of
low- and mid-level officials' complicity in trafficking, the
government did not punish any public officials for trafficking
complicity during 2007; lack of capacity and poor coordination
between government institutions remained key obstacles to effective
anti-trafficking efforts (2008)
Uzbekistan
current situation: Uzbekistan is a source country for
women and girls trafficked to Kazakhstan, Russia, Middle East, and
Asia for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation; men are
trafficked to Kazakhstan and Russia for purposes of forced labor in
the construction, cotton, and tobacco industries; men and women are
also trafficked internally for the purposes of domestic servitude,
forced labor in the agricultural and construction industries, and
for commercial sexual exploitation
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Uzbekistan is on the Tier 2 Watch
List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to
combat severe forms of trafficking in 2007; the government did not
amend its criminal code to increase penalties for convicted
traffickers; in March 2008, Uzbekistan adopted ILO Conventions on
minimum age of employment and on the elimination of the worst forms
of child labor and is working with the ILO on implementation; the
government also demonstrated its increasing commitment to combat
trafficking in March 2008 by adopting a comprehensive
anti-trafficking law; Uzbekistan has not ratified the 2000 UN TIP
Protocol (2008)
Venezuela
current situation: Venezuela is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the
purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor;
Venezuelan women and girls are trafficked within the country for
sexual exploitation, lured from the nation's interior to urban and
tourist areas; child prostitution in urban areas and child sex
tourism in resort destinations appear to be growing; Venezuelan
women and girls are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation to
Western Europe, Mexico, and Caribbean destinations
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Venezuela is placed on the Tier 2
Watch List, up from Tier 3, as it showed greater resolve to address
trafficking through law enforcement measures and prevention efforts
in 2007, although stringent punishment of offenders and victim
assistance remain lacking (2008)
World
current situation: approximately 800,000 people, mostly women
and children, are trafficked annually across national borders, not
including millions trafficked within their own countries; at least
80% of the victims are female and up to 50% are minors; 75% of all
victims are trafficked into commercial sexual exploitation; almost
two-thirds of the global victims are trafficked intra-regionally
within East Asia and the Pacific (260,000 to 280,000 people) and
Europe and Eurasia (170,000 to 210,000 people)
Tier 2 Watch List: Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain,
Bangladesh, Belize, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, China, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo,
Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Federated
States of Micronesia, Gabon, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, India, Iraq, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Libya,
Mali, Moldova, Montenegro, Nicaragua, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar,
Republic of the Congo, Russia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,
Senegal, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine,
United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Yemen
Tier 3: Burma, Chad, Cuba, Eritrea, Fiji, Iran, Kuwait, Malaysia,
Mauritania, Niger, North Korea, Papua New Guinea, Saudi Arabia,
Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Zimbabwe (2009)
Zimbabwe
current situation: Zimbabwe is a source, transit, and
destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the
purposes of forced labor and sexual exploitation; large scale
migration of Zimbabweans to surrounding countries - as they flee a
progressively more desperate situation at home - has increased;
rural Zimbabwean men, women, and children are trafficked internally
to farms for agricultural labor and domestic servitude and to cities
for domestic labor and commercial sexual exploitation; NGOs believe
internal trafficking increased during the year, largely due to the
closure of schools, worsening political violence, and a faltering
economy; young men and boys are trafficked to South Africa for farm
work, often laboring for months in South Africa without pay before
"employers" have them arrested and deported as illegal immigrants;
young women and girls are lured abroad with false employment offers
that result in involuntary domestic servitude or commercial sexual
exploitation; men, women, and children from neighboring states are
trafficked through Zimbabwe en route to South Africa
tier rating: Tier 3 - the Government of Zimbabwe does not fully
comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking
and is not making significant efforts to do so; the government made
minimal progress in combating trafficking in 2008, and members of
its military and the former ruling party's youth militias
perpetrated acts of trafficking on local populations;
anti-trafficking efforts were further weakened as it failed to
address Zimbabwe's economic and social problems during the reporting
period, thus increasing the population's vulnerability to
trafficking within and outside of the country (2009)
======================================================================
@2198
Field Listing :: Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
This entry gives the cumulative US dollar value of all investments
in the home country made directly by residents - primarily companies
- of other countries as of the end of the time period indicated.
Direct investment excludes investment through purchase of shares.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home
Algeria
$19.34 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$17.34 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Angola
$91.55 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$79.88 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Argentina
$86.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$80.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Australia
$329.1 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$295.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Austria
$290.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$286.4 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Azerbaijan
$8.918 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$8.318 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Bahrain
$15.77 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$15 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Bangladesh
$6.72 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$5.617 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Belgium
$741.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$705.2 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Bermuda
$NA
Bolivia
$NA (31 December 2009)
$5.998 billion (31 December 2008)
Brazil
$349.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$319.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Bulgaria
$51.28 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$49.28 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Canada
$528.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$494.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Cayman Islands
$NA
Chad
$NA (31 December 2010)
$4.5 billion (2006 est.)
Chile
$136.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$121.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
China
$574.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$473.1 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Colombia
$84.62 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$75.22 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Costa Rica
$13.92 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$12.17 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
$NA
Croatia
$34.63 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$32.13 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Cuba
$NA (31 December 2009 est.)
Cyprus
$29.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$26.61 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Czech Republic
$126.7 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$121.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Denmark
$149.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$144.6 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Dominican Republic
$19.45 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$17.95 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Ecuador
$12.3 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$11.95 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Egypt
$72.41 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$66.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
El Salvador
$7.522 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$7.132 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Estonia
$17.53 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$16.23 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
European Union
$NA
Fiji
$NA
Finland
$87.99 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
$85.71 billion (31 December 2009 est.)