Senegal

refugees (country of origin): 19,630 (Mauritania)

IDPs: 22,400 (approximately 65% of the IDP population returned in

2005, but new displacement is occurring due to clashes between

government troops and separatists in Casamance region) (2007)

Serbia

refugees (country of origin): 71,111 (Croatia); 27,414

(Bosnia and Herzegovina); 206,000 (Kosovo), note - mostly ethnic

Serbs and Roma who fled Kosovo in 1999 (2007)

Sierra Leone

refugees (country of origin): 27,311 (Liberia) (2007)

Solomon Islands

IDPs: 5,400 (displaced by tsunami on 2 April 2007)

(2007)

Somalia

IDPs: 1.1 million (civil war since 1988, clan-based

competition for resources) (2007)

South Africa

refugees (country of origin): 10,772 (Democratic

Republic of Congo); 7,818 (Somalia); 5,759 (Angola) (2007)

Sri Lanka

IDPs: 460,000 (both Tamils and non-Tamils displaced due to

long-term civil war between the government and the separatist

Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)) (2007)

Sudan

refugees (country of origin): 157,220 (Eritrea); 25,023

(Chad); 11,009 (Ethiopia); 7,895 (Uganda); 5,023 (Central African

Republic)

IDPs: 5.3 - 6.2 million (civil war 1983-2005; ongoing conflict in

Darfur region) (2007)

Syria

refugees (country of origin): 1-1.4 million (Iraq); 522,100

(Palestinian Refugees (UNRWA))

IDPs: 305,000 (most displaced from Golan Heights during 1967

Arab-Israeli War) (2007)

Tanzania

refugees (country of origin): 352,640 (Burundi); 127,973

(Democratic Republic of the Congo) (2007)

Thailand

refugees (country of origin): 132,241 (Burma) (2007)

Timor-Leste

IDPs: 100,000 (2007)

Togo

refugees (country of origin): 5,000 (Ghana)

IDPs: 1,500 (2007)

Turkey

IDPs: 1-1.2 million (fighting 1984-99 between Kurdish PKK and

Turkish military; most IDPs in southeastern provinces) (2007)

Turkmenistan

refugees (country of origin): 11,173 (Tajikistan); less

than 1,000 (Afghanistan) (2007)

Uganda

refugees (country of origin): 215,700 (Sudan); 28,880

(Democratic Republic of Congo); 24,900 (Rwanda)

IDPs: 1.27 million (350,000 IDPs returned in 2006 following ongoing

peace talks between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the

Government of Uganda) (2007)

United States

refugees (country of origin): the US admitted 62,643

refugees during FY04/05 including; 10,586 (Somalia); 8,549 (Laos);

6,666 (Russia); 6,479 (Cuba); 3,100 (Haiti); 2,136 (Iran) (2006)

Uzbekistan

refugees (country of origin): 39,202 (Tajikistan); 1,060

(Afghanistan)

IDPs: 3,400 (forced population transfers by government from villages

near Tajikistan border) (2007)

West Bank

refugees (country of origin): 722,000 (Palestinian

Refugees (UNRWA)) (2007)

World

the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

estimated that in December 2006 there was a global population of 8.8

million registered refugees and as many as 24.5 million IDPs in more

than 50 countries; the actual global population of refugees is

probably closer to 10 million given the estimated 1.5 million Iraqi

refugees displaced throughout the Middle East (2007)

Yemen

refugees (country of origin): 91,587 (Somalia) (2007)

Zambia

refugees (country of origin): 42,565 (Angola); 60,874

(Democratic Republic of the Congo); 4,100 (Rwanda) (2007)

Zimbabwe

refugees (country of origin): 2,500 (Democratic Republic of

Congo)

IDPs: 569,685 (MUGABE-led political violence, human rights

violations, land reform, and economic collapse) (2007)

======================================================================

@2195

Field Listing :: GDP (official exchange rate)

This entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or value of all

final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. A

nation's GDP at official exchange rates (OER) is the

home-currency-denominated annual GDP figure divided by the bilateral

average US exchange rate with that country in that year. The measure

is simple to compute and gives a precise measure of the value of

output. Many economists prefer this measure when gauging the

economic power an economy maintains vis-a-vis its neighbors, judging

that an exchange rate captures the purchasing power a nation enjoys

in the international marketplace. Official exchange rates, however,

can be artificially fixed and/or subject to manipulation - resulting

in claims of the country having an under- or over-valued currency -

and are not necessarily the equivalent of a market-determined

exchange rate. Moreover, even if the official exchange rate is

market-determined, market exchange rates are frequently established

by a relatively small set of goods and services (the ones the

country trades) and may not capture the value of the larger set of

goods the country produces. Furthermore, OER-converted GDP is not

well suited to comparing domestic GDP over time, since

appreciation/depreciation from one year to the next will make the

OER GDP value rise/fall regardless of whether

home-currency-denominated GDP changed.

Country

GDP (official exchange rate)

Afghanistan

$16.63 billion (2010 est.)

Albania

$11.58 billion (2010 est.)

Algeria

$159 billion (2010 est.)

American Samoa

$462.2 million (2005)

Andorra

$NA

Angola

$85.81 billion (2010 est.)

Anguilla

$175.4 million (2009 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda

$1.099 billion (2010 est.)

Argentina

$351 billion (2010 est.)

Armenia

$8.83 billion (2010 est.)

Aruba

$2.258 billion (2005 est.)

Australia

$1.22 trillion (2010 est.)

Austria

$366.3 billion (2010 est.)

Azerbaijan

$52.17 billion (2010 est.)

Bahamas, The

$7.538 billion (2010 est.)

Bahrain

$21.73 billion (2010 est.)

Bangladesh

$105.4 billion (2010 est.)

Barbados

$3.963 billion (2010 est.)

Belarus

$52.89 billion (2010 est.)

Belgium

$461.3 billion (2010 est.)

Belize

$1.431 billion (2010 est.)

Benin

$6.494 billion (2010 est.)

Bermuda

$NA

Bhutan

$1.397 billion (2010 est.)

Bolivia

$19.18 billion (2010 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

$16.2 billion (2010 est.)

Botswana

$12.5 billion (2010 est.)

Brazil

$2.024 trillion (2010 est.)

British Virgin Islands

$1.095 billion (2008)

Brunei

$11.96 billion (2010 est.)

Bulgaria

$44.84 billion (2010 est.)

Burkina Faso

$8.672 billion (2010 est.)

Burma

$35.65 billion (2010 est.)

Burundi

$1.469 billion (2010 est.)

Cambodia

$11.36 billion (2010 est.)

Cameroon

$21.88 billion (2010 est.)

Canada

$1.564 trillion (2010 est.)

Cape Verde

$1.573 billion (2010 est.)

Cayman Islands

$2.25 billion (2008 est.)

Central African Republic

$2.113 billion (2010 est.)

Chad

$7.592 billion (2010 est.)

Chile

$199.2 billion (2010 est.)

China

$5.745 trillion

note: because China's exchange rate is determine by fiat, rather

than by market forces, the official exchange rate measure of GDP is

not an accurate measure of China's output; GDP at the official

exchange rate substantially understates the actual level of China's

output vis-a-vis the rest of the world; in China's situation, GDP at

purchasing power parity provides the best measure for comparing

output across countries (2010 est.)

Colombia

$283.1 billion (2010 est.)

Comoros

$557 million (2010 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

$12.6 billion (2010 est.)

Congo, Republic of the

$11.88 billion (2010 est.)

Cook Islands

$183.2 million (2005 est.)

Costa Rica

$35.02 billion (2010 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire

$22.38 billion (2010 est.)

Croatia

$59.92 billion (2010 est.)

Cuba

$57.49 billion (2010 est.)

Curacao

$5.08 billion (2008 est.)

Cyprus

$22.75 billion (2010 est.)

Czech Republic

$195.2 billion (2010 est.)

Denmark

$304.6 billion (2010 est.)

Djibouti

$1.139 billion (2010 est.)

Dominica

$375 million (2010 est.)

Dominican Republic

$50.87 billion (2010 est.)

Ecuador

$61.49 billion (2010 est.)

Egypt

$216.8 billion (2010 est.)

El Salvador

$21.8 billion (2010 est.)

Equatorial Guinea

$14.55 billion (2010 est.)

Eritrea

$2.254 billion (2010 est.)

Estonia

$19.22 billion (2010 est.)

Ethiopia

$30.94 billion (2010 est.)

European Union

$15.9 trillion (2010 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)

$105.1 million (2002 est.)

Faroe Islands

$2.45 billion (2008 est.)

Fiji

$3.154 billion (2010 est.)

Finland

$232 billion (2010 est.)

France

$2.555 trillion (2010 est.)

French Polynesia

$6.1 billion (2004)

Gabon

$12.56 billion (2010 est.)

Gambia, The

$1.04 billion (2010 est.)

Georgia

$11.23 billion (2010 est.)

Germany

$3.306 trillion (2010 est.)

Ghana

$18.06 billion (2010 est.)

Gibraltar

$1.106 billion (2006 est.)

Greece

$302 billion (2010 est.)

Greenland

$2.03 billion (2008)

Grenada

$645 million (2010 est.)

Guam

$2.773 billion (2001)

Guatemala

$40.77 billion (2010 est.)

Guernsey

$2.742 billion (2005)

Guinea

$4.344 billion (2010 est.)

Guinea-Bissau

$825 million (2010 est.)

Guyana

$2.197 billion (2010 est.)

Haiti

$6.495 billion (2010 est.)

Honduras

$15.34 billion (2010 est.)

Hong Kong

$226.5 billion (2010 est.)

Hungary

$132.3 billion (2010 est.)

Iceland

$12.77 billion (2010 est.)

India

$1.43 trillion (2010 est.)

Indonesia

$695.1 billion (2010 est.)

Iran

$337.9 billion (2010 est.)

Iraq

$84.14 billion (2010 est.)

Ireland

$204.1 billion (2010 est.)

Isle of Man

$2.719 billion (2005 est.)

Israel

$201.3 billion (2010 est.)

Italy

$2.037 trillion (2010 est.)

Jamaica

$13.74 billion (2010 est.)

Japan

$5.391 trillion (2010 est.)

Jersey

$5.1 billion (2005 est.)

Jordan

$27.13 billion (2010 est.)

Kazakhstan

$129.8 billion (2010 est.)

Kenya

$32.42 billion (2010 est.)

Kiribati

$152 million (2010 est.)

Korea, North

$28 billion (2009 est.)

Korea, South

$986.3 billion (2010 est.)

Kosovo

$3.237 billion (2007 est.)

Kuwait

$117.3 billion (2010 est.)

Kyrgyzstan

$4.444 billion (2010 est.)

Laos

$6.341 billion (2010 est.)

Latvia

$23.39 billion (2010 est.)

Lebanon

$39.15 billion (2010 est.)

Lesotho

$1.799 billion (2010 est.)

Liberia

$977 million (2010 est.)

Libya

$77.91 billion (2010 est.)

Liechtenstein

$4.603 billion (2007)

Lithuania

$35.73 billion (2010 est.)

Luxembourg

$52.43 billion (2010 est.)

Macau

$22.1 billion (2009 est.)

Macedonia

$9.58 billion (2010 est.)

Madagascar

$8.33 billion (2010 est.)

Malawi

$5.035 billion (2010 est.)

Malaysia

$219 billion (2010 est.)

Maldives

$1.433 billion (2010 est.)

Mali

$9.077 billion (2010 est.)

Malta

$7.801 billion (2010 est.)

Marshall Islands

$161.7 million (2008 est.)

Mauritania

$3.486 billion (2010 est.)

Mauritius

$9.427 billion (2010 est.)

Mayotte

$NA

Mexico

$1.004 trillion (2010 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of

$238.1 million (2008)

Moldova

$5.357 billion (2010 est.)

Monaco

$NA

Mongolia

$5.807 billion (2010 est.)

Montenegro

$3.884 billion (2010 est.)

Montserrat

$NA

Morocco

$91.7 billion (2010 est.)

Mozambique

$10.21 billion (2010 est.)

Namibia

$11.45 billion (2010 est.)

Nauru

$NA

Nepal

$15.11 billion (2010 est.)

Netherlands

$770.3 billion (2010 est.)

New Caledonia

$3.3 billion (2003 est.)

New Zealand

$138 billion (2010 est.)

Nicaragua

$6.375 billion (2010 est.)

Niger

$5.603 billion (2010 est.)

Nigeria

$206.7 billion (2010 est.)

Niue

$10.01 million (2003)

Northern Mariana Islands

$633.4 million (2000)

Norway

$413.5 billion (2010 est.)

Oman

$53.78 billion (2010 est.)

Pakistan

$174.8 billion (2010 est.)

Palau

$164 million (2008)

Panama

$27.2 billion (2010 est.)

Papua New Guinea

$8.809 billion (2010 est.)

Paraguay

$17.17 billion (2010 est.)

Peru

$153.5 billion (2010 est.)

Philippines

$189.1 billion (2010 est.)

Poland

$438.9 billion (2010 est.)

Portugal

$223.7 billion (2010 est.)

Puerto Rico

$93.52 billion (2010 est.)

Qatar

$126.5 billion (2010 est.)

Romania

$158.4 billion (2010 est.)

Russia

$1.477 trillion (2010 est.)

Rwanda

$5.693 billion (2010 est.)

Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha

$NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis

$562 million (2010 est.)

Saint Lucia

$1 billion (2010 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

$NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

$583 million (2010 est.)

Samoa

$550 million (2010 est.)

San Marino

$1.048 billion (2004)

Sao Tome and Principe

$187 million (2010 est.)

Saudi Arabia

$434.4 billion (2010 est.)

Senegal

$12.66 billion (2010 est.)

Serbia

$38.92 billion (2010 est.)

Seychelles

$919 million (2010 est.)

Sierra Leone

$1.901 billion (2010 est.)

Singapore

$217.4 billion (2010 est.)

Sint Maarten

$794.7 million (2008)

Slovakia

$86.26 billion (2010 est.)

Slovenia

$46.44 billion (2010 est.)

Solomon Islands

$674 million (2010 est.)

Somalia

$2.372 billion (2010 est.)

South Africa

$354.4 billion (2010 est.)

Spain

$1.375 trillion (2010 est.)

Sri Lanka

$48.24 billion (2010 est.)

Sudan

$65.93 billion (2010 est.)

Suriname

$3.297 billion (2010 est.)

Swaziland

$3.165 billion (2010 est.)

Sweden

$444.6 billion (2010 est.)

Switzerland

$522.4 billion (2010 est.)

Syria

$59.63 billion (2010 est.)

Taiwan

$427 billion (2010 est.)

Tajikistan

$5.578 billion (2010 est.)

Tanzania

$22.43 billion (2010 est.)

Thailand

$312.6 billion (2010 est.)

Timor-Leste

$616 million (2010 est.)

Togo

$3.074 billion (2010 est.)

Tokelau

$NA

Tonga

$301 million (2010 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago

$21.2 billion (2010 est.)

Tunisia

$43.86 billion (2010 est.)

Turkey

$729.1 billion (2010 est.)

Turkmenistan

$27.96 billion (2010 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands

$NA

Tuvalu

$14.94 million (2002)

Uganda

$17.12 billion (2010 est.)

Ukraine

$136.6 billion (2010 est.)

United Arab Emirates

$239.7 billion (2010 est.)

United Kingdom

$2.259 trillion (2010 est.)

United States

$14.62 trillion (2010 est.)

Uruguay

$40.71 billion (2010 est.)

Uzbekistan

$37.72 billion (2010 est.)

Vanuatu

$721 million (2010 est.)

Venezuela

$285.2 billion (2010 est.)

Vietnam

$102 billion (2010 est.)

Virgin Islands

$NA

Wallis and Futuna

$NA

West Bank

$6.641 billion (2008 est.)

Western Sahara

$NA

World

GWP (gross world product): $62.22 trillion (2010 est.)

Yemen

$30.02 billion (2010 est.)

Zambia

$15.69 billion (2010 est.)

Zimbabwe

$5.574 billion

note: in 2009, the Zimbabwean dollar was taken out of circulation,

making Zimbabwe's GDP at the official exchange rate a highly

inaccurate statistic (2010 est.)

======================================================================

@2196

Field Listing :: Trafficking in persons

Trafficking in persons is modern-day slavery, involving victims who

are forced, defrauded, or coerced into labor or sexual exploitation.

The International Labor Organization (ILO), the UN agency charged

with addressing labor standards, employment, and social protection

issues, estimates that 12.3 million people worldwide are enslaved in

forced labor, bonded labor, forced child labor, sexual servitude,

and involuntary servitude at any given time. Human trafficking is a

multi-dimensional threat, depriving people of their human rights and

freedoms, risking global health, promoting social breakdown,

inhibiting development by depriving countries of their human

capital, and helping fuel the growth of organized crime. In 2000,

the US Congress passed the Trafficking Victims Protection Act

(TVPA), reauthorized in 2003 and 2005, which provides tools for the

US to combat trafficking in persons, both domestically and abroad.

One of the law's key components is the creation of the US Department

of State's annual Trafficking in Persons Report, which assesses the

government response (i.e., the current situation) in some 150

countries with a significant number of victims trafficked across

their borders who are recruited, harbored, transported, provided, or

obtained for forced labor or sexual exploitation. Countries in the

annual report are rated in three tiers, based on government efforts

to combat trafficking. The countries identified in this entry are

those listed in the 2010 Trafficking in Persons Report as Tier 2

Watch List or Tier 3 based on the following tier rating definitions:

Tier 2 Watch List countries do not fully comply with the minimum

standards for the elimination of trafficking but are making

significant efforts to do so, and meet one of the following criteria:

1. they display high or significantly increasing number of victims,

2. they have failed to provide evidence of increasing efforts to

combat trafficking in persons, or,

3. they have committed to take action over the next year.

Tier 3 countries neither satisfy the minimum standards for the

elimination of trafficking nor demonstrate a significant effort to

do so. Countries in this tier are subject to potential

non-humanitarian and non-trade sanctions.

Country

Trafficking in persons

Algeria

current situation: Algeria is a transit country for men and

women trafficked from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe for the purposes

of commercial sexual exploitation and involuntary servitude;

criminal networks of sub-Saharan nationals in southern Algeria

facilitate transit by arranging transportation, forged documents,

and promises of employment

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Algeria is placed on the Tier 2

Watch List because it does not fully comply with the minimum

standards for the elimination of trafficking, however, it is making

significant efforts to do so; in January 2009, the government

approved new legislation that criminalizes trafficking in persons

for the purposes of labor and sexual exploitation representing an

important step toward complying with international standards;

despite these efforts, the government did not show overall progress

in punishing trafficking crimes and protecting trafficking victims

and continued to lack adequate measures to protect victims and

prevent trafficking (2009)

Azerbaijan

current situation: Azerbaijan is primarily a source and

transit country for men, women, and children trafficked for the

purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; women

and some children from Azerbaijan are trafficked to Turkey and the

UAE for the purpose of sexual exploitation; men and boys are

trafficked to Russia for the purpose of forced labor; Azerbaijan

serves as a transit country for victims from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan,

Kazakhstan, and Moldova trafficked to Turkey and the UAE for sexual

exploitation

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Azerbaijan is on the Tier 2 Watch

List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to

combat trafficking in persons, particularly efforts to investigate,

prosecute, and punish traffickers; to address complicity among law

enforcement personnel; and to adequately identify and protect

victims in Azerbaijan; the government has yet to develop a

much-needed mechanism to identify potential trafficking victims and

refer them to safety and care; poor treatment of trafficking victims

in courtrooms continues to be a problem (2008)

Bangladesh

current situation: Bangladesh is a source and transit

country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of

forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; a significant share

of Bangladesh's trafficking victims are men recruited for work

overseas with fraudulent employment offers who are subsequently

exploited under conditions of forced labor or debt bondage; children

are trafficked within Bangladesh for commercial sexual exploitation,

bonded labor, and forced labor; women and children from Bangladesh

are also trafficked to India and Pakistan for sexual exploitation

tier rating: Bangladesh is placed on Tier 2 Watch List because it

does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination

of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so,

including some progress in addressing sex trafficking; the

government did not demonstrate sufficient progress in criminally

prosecuting and convicting labor trafficking offenders, particularly

those responsible for the recruitment of Bangladeshi workers for the

purpose of labor trafficking (2009)

Belize

current situation: Belize is a source, transit, and

destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the

purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; the

most common form of trafficking in Belize is the internal sex

trafficking of minors; some Central American men, women, and

children, particularly from Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador,

migrate voluntarily to Belize in search of work but are subsequently

subjected to conditions of forced labor or forced prostitution

tier rating: Belize is placed on Tier 2 Watch List because it does

not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of

trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so;

despite efforts to raise public awareness of human trafficking and

provide protection services for trafficking victims, the government

did not show evidence of progress in convicting and sentencing

trafficking offenders last year (2009)

Burma

current situation: Burma is a source country for women,

children, and men trafficked for the purpose of forced labor and

commercial sexual exploitation; Burmese women and children are

trafficked to East and Southeast Asia for commercial sexual

exploitation, domestic servitude, and forced labor; Burmese children

are subjected to conditions of forced labor in Thailand as hawkers

and beggars; women are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation

to Malaysia and China; some trafficking victims transit Burma from

Bangladesh to Malaysia and from China to Thailand; Burma's internal

trafficking remains the most serious concern occurring primarily

from villages to urban centers and economic hubs for labor in

industrial zones, agricultural estates, and commercial sexual

exploitation; the Burmese military continues to engage in the

unlawful conscription of child soldiers, and continues to be the

main perpetrator of forced labor inside Burma; ethnic insurgent

groups also used compulsory labor of adults and unlawful recruitment

of children; the regime's widespread use of and lack of

accountability in forced labor and recruitment of child soldiers is

particularly worrying and represents the top causal factor for

Burma's significant trafficking problem

tier rating: Tier 3 - serious problems remain in Burma, and in some

areas, most notably in the area of forced labor, the Government of

Burma is not making significant efforts to comply with the minimum

standards for the elimination of trafficking, warranting a ranking

of Tier 3; in other areas, particularly with regard to international

sex trafficking of women and girls, the Government of Burma is

making significant efforts (2010)

Cameroon

current situation: Cameroon is a source, transit, and

destination country for women and children trafficked for the

purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation; most

victims are children trafficked within country, with girls primarily

trafficked for domestic servitude and sexual exploitation; both boys

and girls are also trafficked within Cameroon for forced labor in

sweatshops, bars, restaurants, and on tea and cocoa plantations;

children are trafficked into Cameroon from neighboring states for

forced labor in agriculture, fishing, street vending, and

spare-parts shops; Cameroon is a transit country for children

trafficked between Gabon and Nigeria, and from Nigeria to Saudi

Arabia; it is a source country for women transported by

sex-trafficking rings to Europe

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - Cameroon is on the Tier 2 Watch

List for its failure to provide evidence of increasing efforts to

combat human trafficking in 2007, particularly in terms of efforts

to prosecute and convict trafficking offenders; while Cameroon

reported some arrests of traffickers, none of them were prosecuted

or punished; the government does not identify trafficking victims

among vulnerable populations nor does it monitor the number of

victims it intercepts (2008)