Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN];
Balochistan National Party-Awami or BNP-A [Moheem Khan BALOCH];
Balochistan National Party-Hayee Group or BNP-H [Dr. Hayee BALOCH];
Balochistan National Party-Mengal or BNP-M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL];
Jamaat-i Islami or JI [Syed Munawar HASAN]; Jamhoori Watan Party or
JWP; Jamiat Ahle Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam
Fazl-ur Rehman or JUI-F [Fazl-ur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i Islam
Sami-ul HAQ or JUI-S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i Pakistan or JUP
[Shah Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e Amal or MMA [Qazi Hussain
AHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement or MQM [Altaf HUSSAIN]; National
Alliance or NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI] (merged with PML); National
Peoples Party or NPP; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PKMAP
[Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul
QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN];
Pakistan Muslim League-Functional or PML-F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan
Muslim League-Nawaz or PML-N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Peoples Party
Parliamentarians or PPPP [Bilawal Bhutto ZARDARI, chairman; Asif Ali
ZARDARI, co-chairman]; Pakistan Peoples Party-SHERPAO or PPP-S
[Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e Insaaf or PTI [Imran
KHAN]; Tehrik-i Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI]
note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palau
none
Panama
Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic
Revolutionary Party or PRD [Francisco SANCHEZ Cardenas]; Nationalist
Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Sergio GONZALEZ-Ruiz];
Panamenista Party [Juan Carlos VARELA Rodriguez] (formerly the
Arnulfista Party); Patriotic Union Party or UP (combination of the
Liberal National Party or PLN and the Solidarity Party or PS)[Anibal
GALINDO]; Popular Party or PP [Milton HENRIQUEZ] (formerly Christian
Democratic Party or PDC)
Papua New Guinea
National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE];
Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU PATI [Andrew KUMBAKOR]; Papua
New Guinea Party or PNGP [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Action Party
or PAP [Gabriel KAPRIS]; People's Democratic Movement or PDM
[Michael OGIO]; United Resources Party or URP [William DUMA]
Paraguay
Alianza Patriotica por el Cambio (Patriotic Alliance for
Change) or APC [Fernando LUGO]; Asociacion Nacional Republicana -
Colorado Party or ANR [Lilian SAMANIEGO]; Movimiento Popolar
Tekojoja or Tekojoja [Sixto PEREIRA]; Movimiento Union Nacional de
Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva]; Patria Querida
(Beloved Fatherland Party) or PPQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL
Niella]; Partido del Movimiento al Socialismo or P-MAS [Camilo
Ernesto SOARES Machado]; Partido Democratica Progresista or PDP
[Rafael Augusto FILIZZOLA Serra]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN
[Fernando CAMACHO Paredes]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or
PLRA [Amanda NUNEZ]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto
FILIZZOLA Pallares]
Peru
Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA
Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (a
coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva
Mayoria, and Si Cumple); Central Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (a
coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional
de Independientes) [Victor Andres GARCIA Belaunde]; National
Renovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY];
National Restoration Party (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto
LAY Sun]; National Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Nacional)
or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP
[Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista
Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by its
original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA);
Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP
[Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular
Cristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Union for Peru (Union por
el Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque]
Philippines
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino
Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas ng EDSA-Christian Muslim
Democrats or Lakas-CMD [Gloria MACAPAGAL-ARROYO]; Liberal Party or
LP [Manuel ROXAS]; Nacionalista Party or NP [Manuel VILLAR];
Nationalist People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban
[Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor
SANTIAGO]; Puwersa ng Masang Pilipino (Force of the Philippine
Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; United Opposition or UNO [Jejomar
BINAY]
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
Civic Platform or PO [Donald TUSK, chairman; Tomasz
TOMCZYKIEWICZ, parliamentary caucus leader]; Democratic Caucus of
the Democratic Party (SD) or DKP SD [Bogdan LIS, parliamentary
caucus leader]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Grzegorz
NAPIERALSKI, chairman, parlimentary caucus leader]; Democratic Party
or PD [Brygida KUZNIAK, chairwoman]; Democratic Party or SD [Pawel
PISKORSKI, chairman]; German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO
[Richard GALL, representative]; Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw
KACZYNSKI, chairman; Mariusz BLASZCZAK, parliamentary caucus
leader]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Witold BALAZAK,
chairman]; Poland is the most important or PJN [Joanna
KLUZIK-ROSTKOWSKA, president]; Polish People's Party or PSL
[Waldemar PAWLAK, chairman; Stanislaw ZELICHOWSKI, parliamentary
caucus leader]; Samoobrona or SO [Andrzej LEPPER, chairman]; Social
Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, chairman;
Marek BOROWSKI, parliamentary caucus leader]; Union of Labor or UP
[Waldemar WITKOWSKI, chairman]
Portugal
Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo
PORTAS]; Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de
Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pedro Manuel PASSOS COELHO];
The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian Democratic
Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes Portuguese Communist
Party or PCP and Ecologist Party ("The Greens") or PEV)
Puerto Rico
National Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]; National
Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New Progressive
Party or PNP [Pedro ROSSELLO] (pro-US statehood); Popular Democratic
Party or PPD [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA] (pro-commonwealth); Puerto Rican
Independence Party or PIP [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez] (pro-independence)
Qatar
none
Romania
Conservative Party or PC [Daniel CONSTANTIN] (formerly
Humanist Party or PUR); Democratic Liberal Party or PDL [Emil BOC];
Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO];
National Liberal Party or PNL [Crin ANTONESCU]; National Union for
Romania's Progress or UNPR [Gabriel OPREA]; Social Democratic Party
or PSD [Victor PONTA] (formerly Party of Social Democracy in Romania
or PDSR)
Russia
A Just Russia [Sergey MIRONOV]; Communist Party of the
Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal
Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich
ZHIRINOVSKIY]; Patriots of Russia [Gennadiy SEMIGIN]; Right Cause
[Leonid Yakovlevich GOZMAN, Boris Yuriyevich TITOV, and Georgiy
Georgiyevich BOVT] (formed from merger of Civic Force, Democratic
Party of Russia, and Union of Right Forces); United Russia [Vladimir
Vladimirovich PUTIN]; Yabloko Party [Sergey Sergeyevich MITROKHIN]
Rwanda
Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA];
Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA];
Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially
banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal
Party or PL [Protais MITALI]; Party for Democratic Renewal
(officially banned); Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME];
Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]; Solidarity and
Prosperity Party or PSP [Pheobe KANYANGE]
Saint Barthelemy
Action-Equilibre-Transparence [Maxime DESOUCHES];
Ensemble pour Saint-Barthelemy [Benoit CHAUVIN]; Saint-Barth
d'Abord! or SBA [Bruno MAGRAS]; Tous Unis pour Saint-Barthelemy
[Karine MIOT-RICHARD]
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
none
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance
AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's
Action Movement or PAM [Lindsay GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor
Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint Lucia
National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia
Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or
SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher
HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Stephenson KING]
Saint Martin
Union Pour le Progres or UPP [Louis-Constant FLEMING];
Rassemblement Responsabilite Reussite or RRR [Alain RICHARDSON];
Reussir Saint-Martin [Jean-Luc HAMLET]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Archipelago Tomorrow or AD (affiliated
with UDF/RPR list); Cap sur l'Avenir (affiliated with PRG); Left
Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now
UMP); Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2000/Avenir Miquelon or SPM 2000/AM;
Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim
EUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the
coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for
National Unity or MNU)
Samoa
Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi
TUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA];
Samoa Democratic United Party or SDUP [LE MAMEA Ropati]; Samoa Party
or SP [Su'a Rimoni Ah CHONG]; Samoa Progressive Political Party or
SPPP [Toeolesulusulu SIUEVA]
San Marino
Christian Democrats or PDCS [Pasquale VALENTINI];
Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Democrats of the Center
or DdC [Giovanni LONGERNINI]; Freedom List (including NPS and We
Sammarinesi) or NS [Gabriele GATTEI]; New Socialist Party or NPS
[Augusto CASALI]; Party of Socialists and Democrats or PDS [Paride
ANDREOLI]; Popular Alliance or AP [Carlo FRANCIOSI]; Union of
Moderates (including National Alliance or ANS [Glcuco SANSOVINI] and
San Marino Populars or pop [Romeo MORRI and Angela VENTURINI];
United Left of SU [Alessandro ROSSI]
Sao Tome and Principe
Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM
[Tome Soares da VERA CRUZ]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI
[Patrice TROVOADA]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and
Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Rafael BRANCO]; New
Way Movement or NR; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Delfim
NEVES]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties
Saudi Arabia
none
Senegal
African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance for
the Republic-Yakaar [Macky Sall]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or
AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; And-Jef/African Party for Democracy and
Socialism or AJ/PADS [Landing SAVANE]; Democratic League-Labor Party
Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and
Democracy/Benno Jubel or FSD/BJ [Cheikh Abdoulaye Bamba DIEYE];
Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor
Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; Jef-Jel [Talla SYLLA]; National
Democratic Rally or RND [Madior DIOUF]; People's Labor Party or PTP
[El Hadji DIOUF]; Reform Party or PR [Abdourahim AGNE]; Rewmi Party
[Idrissa Seck]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE];
Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition
[Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Union for Democratic
Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]
Serbia
Coalition for Sandzak or KZS [Sulejman UGLJANIN]; Democratic
Party or DS [Boris TADIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSh
[Ragmi MUSTAFA]; Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav
KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Union of the Valley or BDL [Skender DESTANI];
Force of Serbia Movement or PSS [Bogoljub KARIC]; G17 Plus [Mladjan
DINKIC]; League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina or LSV [Nenad
CANAK]; League of Vojvodina Hungarians or SVM [Istvan PASTOR];
Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Cedomir JOVANOVIC]; Movement for
Democratic Progress or LPD [Jonuz MUSLIU]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir
ILIC]; Party of Democratic Action or PVD [Riza HALIMI]; Party of
United Pensioners of Serbia or PUPS [Jovan KRKOBABIC]; People's
Party or NS [Maja GOJKOVIC]; Roma Party or RP [Srdjan SAJN]; Sandzak
Democratic Party or SDP [Resad HODZIC]; Serbian Progressive Party or
SNS [Tomislav NIKOLIC]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav
SESELJ (currently on trial at The Hague), with Dragan TODOROVIC as
acting leader]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC];
Social Democratic Party of Serbia or SDPS [Rasim LJAJIC]; Socialist
Party of Serbia or SPS [Ivica DACIC]; Union of Roma of Serbia or URS
[Rajko DJURIC]; United Serbia or JS [Dragan "Palma" MARKOVIC]
Seychelles
Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Paul CHOW];
People's Party (Parti Lepep) or PL [France Albert RENE, James
MICHEL] (the governing party); Seychelles National Party or SNP
[Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO)
Sierra Leone
All People's Congress or APC [Ernest Bai KOROMA]; Peace
and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON]; People's Movement
for Democratic Change or PMDC [Charles MARGAI]; Sierra Leone
People's Party or SLPP [Solomon BEREWA]; numerous others
Singapore
People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; Reform
Party [NG Teck Siong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM
See Tong]; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan];
Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia LIM Swee Lian]
note: SDA includes Singapore Justice Party or SJP, Singapore
National Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP
Sint Maarten
Democratic Party or DP [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS];
National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN]; United People's Party or
UPP [Theodore HEYLIGER]; Concordia Political Alliance or CPA
[Jeffery RICHARDSON]
Slovakia
parties in the Parliament:: Bridge or Most-Hid [Bela
BUGAR]; Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Jan FIGEL];
Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]; Freedom and
Solidarity or SaS [Richard SULIK]; Slovak Democratic and Christian
Union-Democratic Party or SDKU-DS [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak
National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]
selected parties outside the Parliament:: Alliance for a Europe of
Nations or AZEN [Milan URBANI]; Association of Slovak Workers or ZRS
[Jan LUPTAK]; Civic Conservative Party or OKS [Peter ZAJAC]; Green
Party or SZ [Peter PILINSKY]; Party of the Democratic Left or SDL
[Marek BLAHA]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Jozsef
BERENYI]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or
LS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; People's Party - Our Slovakia or LSNS
[Marian KOTLEBA]; Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Jozef HRDLICKA];
Union - Party for Slovakia or Unia [Milan CELIK]
Slovenia
Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl
ERJAVEC]; Liberal Democracy of Slovenia or LDS [Katarina KRESAL];
New Slovenia or NSi [Ljudmila NOVAK (acting)]; Slovene National
Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS
[Radovan ZERJAV]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC];
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Social Democrats or
SD [Borut PAHOR] (formerly ZLSD); ZARES [Gregor GOLOBIC]
Solomon Islands
Association of Independent Members or AIM [Thomas
CHAN]; Christian Alliance Solomon Islands or CASI [Edward RONIA];
LAFARI Party [John GARO]; National Party [Francis HILLY]; People's
Alliance Party or PAP [Sir Allan KEMAKEZA]; Social Credit Party or
SOCRED [Manasseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon First Party [David
QUAN]; Solomon Islands Democratic Party [Gabriel SURI]; Solomon
Islands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]; Solomon Islands
Liberal Party [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands Party for
Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Job D. TAUSINGA]; United Party [Sir
Peter KENILOREA]
note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid
coalitions
Somalia
none
South Africa
African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth
MESHOE]; African National Congress or ANC [Jacob ZUMA]; Congress of
the People or COPE [Mosiuoa LEKOTA]; Democratic Alliance or DA
[Helen ZILLE]; Freedom Front Plus or FF+ [Pieter MULDER];
Independent Democrats or ID [Patricia DE LILLE]; Inkatha Freedom
Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC
[Motsoko PHEKO]; United Christian Democratic Party or UCDP [Lucas
MANGOPE]; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
Spain
Basque Nationalist Party or PNV or EAJ [Inigo URKULLU
Renteria]; Canarian Coalition or CC [Claudina MORALES Rodriquez] (a
coalition of five parties); Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS
i Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia
or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia
or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN i LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress
(a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV,
EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Guillerme VAZQUEZ Vazquez];
Initiative for Catalonia Greens or ICV [Joan SAURA i Laporta];
Navarra Yes or NaBai [collective leadership] (a coalition of four
Navarran parties); Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY Brey];
Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Joan PUIGCERCOS i Boixassa];
Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis Rodriguez
ZAPATERO]; Union of People of Navarra or UPN [Yolanda BARCINA
Angulo]; Union, Progress and Democracy or UPyD [Rosa DIEZ Gonzalez];
United Left or IU [Cayo LARA Moya] (a coalition of parties including
the Communist Party of Spain or PCE and other small parties)
Sri Lanka
Coalitions and leaders: Democratic National Alliance led
by Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Somawansa AMARASINGHE]; Tamil
National Alliance led by Illandai Tamil Arasu Kachchi [R.
SAMPANTHAN]; United National Front led by United National Party
[Ranil WICKREMESINGHE]; United People's Freedom Alliance led by Sri
Lanka Freedom Party [Mahinda RAJAPAKSA]
Sudan
Democratic Unionist Party or DUP [Hatim al-SIR]; National
Congress Party or NCP [Umar Hassan al-BASHIR]; Popular Congress
Party or PCP [Hassan al-TURABI]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement
or SPLM [Salva KIIR]; elements of the National Democratic Alliance
or NDA including factions of the Democratic Union Party [Muhammad
Uthman al-MIRGHANI] and Umma Party
Suriname
A-Combination (a coalition that includes the General
Liberation and Development Party ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK], SEEKA
[Paul ABENA], Union of Brotherhood and Unity in Politics BEP
[Caprino ALENDY]; Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD
[Dilip SARDJOE]; Basic Party for Renewal and Democracy or PVF
[Soedeschand JAIRAM]; Democratic Union Suriname or DUS [Japhet
DIEKO]; Mega-Combination-Ruling Coalition (a coalition that joined
with A-Combination and the PL to form a majority in Parliament in
2010 - includes the National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire
BOUTERSE] (largest party in the coalition), Progressive Worker and
Farmer's Union or PALU [Jim HOK], Party for National Unity and
Solidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], DNP-2000
[Jules WIJDENBOSCH], and New Suriname or NS [Nanan PANDAY]);
National Union or NU [P. VAN LEEUWAARDE]; New Front for Democracy
and Development or NF (a coalition made up of the National Party of
Suriname or NPS [Runaldo VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP
[Ramdien SARDJOE], Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91 - an
independent, business-oriented party [Winston JESSURUN], Surinamese
Labor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy and
Development in Unity or DOE [Carl BREEVELD]; Party for the Permanent
Prosperity Republic Suriname or PVRS [NA]; People's Alliance,
Pertjaja Luhur's or PL [Paul SOMOHARDJO](includes D-21 [Soewarta
MOESTADJA] and Pendawa Lima [Raymond SAPEON], which merged with PL
in 2010)
note: BVD and PVF participated in the elections as a coalition
(BVD/PVF) in the most recent elections, but separated after the
election
Swaziland
the status of political parties, previously banned, is
unclear under the 2006 Constitution and currently being debated; the
following are considered political associations; African United
Democratic Party or AUDP [Stanley MAUNDZISA, president]; Imbokodvo
National Movement or INM; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or
NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement
or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]
Sweden
Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party
[Goran HAGGLUND]; Environment Party the Greens [no formal leader but
party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left
Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party
[Jan BJORKLUND]; Moderate Party [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social
Democratic Party [Mona SAHLIN]; Sweden Democrats [Jimmie AKESSON]
Switzerland
Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti
Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I
Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ueli LEUENBERGER];
Christian Democratic People's Party (Christlichdemokratische
Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or
PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida
Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Christophe DARBELLAY];
Free Democratic Party or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen,
PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali) [Fulvio PELLI]; Social
Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS,
Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS,
Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Christian LEVRAT];
Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union
Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC,
Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Toni BRUNNER]; and other minor
parties
Syria
legal parties: National Progressive Front or NPF [President
Bashar al-ASAD, Dr. Suleiman QADDAH] (includes Arab Socialist
Renaissance (Ba'th) Party [President Bashar al-ASAD]; Socialist
Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallah Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Arab
Socialist Union or ASU [Safwan al-QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party
(two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Syrian
Social Nationalist Party [As'ad HARDAN]; Unionist Socialist Party
[Fayez ISMAIL])
opposition parties not legally recognized: Communist Action Party
[Fateh al-JAMOUS]; National Democratic Rally [Hasan ABDUL-AZIM,
spokesman] (includes five parties - Arab Democratic Socialist Union
Party [Hasan ABDUL-AZIM], Arab Socialist Movement, Democratic Ba'th
Party [Ibrahim MAKHOS], Democratic People's Party [Riad al TURK],
Revolutionary Workers' Party [Abdul Hafez al HAFEZ])
Kurdish parties (considered illegal): Azadi Party [Kheirudin MURAD];
Future Party [Masha'l TAMMO]; Kurdish Democratic Alliance (includes
four parties); Kurdish Democratic Front (includes three parties);
Yekiti Party [Fu'ad ALEYKO]
other parties: Syrian Democratic Party [Mustafa QALAAJI]
Taiwan
Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [TSAI Ing-wen];
Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [MA Ying-jeou]; Non-Partisan
Solidarity Union or NPSU [LIN Pin-kuan]; People First Party or PFP
[James SOONG]
Tajikistan
Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir QARAQULOV];
Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV (imprisoned October
2005); Rahmatullo VALIYEV, deputy]; Islamic Revival Party [Muhiddin
KABIRI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimjon BOBOEV]; Party of
Economic Reforms [Mahmadsharif NOZIMOV]; People's Democratic Party
of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMON]; Social Democratic Party or
SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Mirhuseyn
NARZIEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
Tanzania
Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and
Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM
(Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or
CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA]
(unregistered); Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga
MREME]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]