Christian Aid (water rights); Committee for Joint Action or
CJA (education reform); National Coalition Against the Privatization
of Water or CAP (water rights); Oxfam (water rights); Public Citizen
(water rights); Students Coalition Against EPA [Kwabena Ososukene
OKAI] (education reform); Third World Network (education reform)
Gibraltar
Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives
Organization; Women's Association
Greece
Civil Servants Confederation or ADEDY [Spyros PAPASPYROS];
Federation of Greek Industries or SEV [Dimitris DASKALOPOULOS];
General Confederation of Greek Workers or GSEE [Ioannis PANAGOPOULOS]
Greenland
other: conservationists; environmentalists
Grenada
Committee for Human Rights in Grenada or CHRG; New Jewel
Movement Support Group; The British Grenada Friendship Society; The
New Jewel 19 Committee
Guam
Guam Federation of Teachers' Union; Guam Waterworks Authority
Workers
other: activists; indigenous groups
Guatemala
Agrarian Owners Group or UNAGRO; Alliance Against Impunity
or AAI; Committee for Campesino Unity or CUC; Coordinating Committee
of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Associations
or CACIF; International Commission Against Impunity in Guatemala or
CICIG; Mutual Support Group or GAM
Guernsey
Stop Traffic Endangering Pedestrian Safety or STEPS; No
More Masts [Colin FALLAIZE]
Guinea
National Confederation of Guinean Workers-Labor Union of
Guinean Workers or CNTG-USTG Alliance (includes National
Confederation of Guinean Workers or CNTG [Rabiatou Sarah DIALLO] and
Labor Union of Guinean Workers or USTG [Dr. Ibrahima FOFANA]);
Syndicate of Guinean Teachers and Researchers or SLECG [Dr. Louis
M'Bemba SOUMAH]
Guinea-Bissau
NA
Guyana
Amerindian People's Association; Guyana Bar Association;
Guyana Citizens Initiative; Guyana Human Rights Association; Guyana
Public Service Union or GPSU; Private Sector Commission; Trades
Union Congress
Haiti
Autonomous Organizations of Haitian Workers or CATH [Fignole
ST-CYR]; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of
Workers Trade Unions or FOS; General Organization of Independent
Haitian Workers [Patrick NUMAS]; Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, or
KOREGA; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement
or MPP [Chavannes JEAN-BAPTISTE]; Popular Organizations Gathering
Power or PROP; Protestant Federation of Haiti; Roman Catholic Church
Holy See (Vatican City)
none (exclusive of influence exercised by
church officers)
Honduras
Beverage and Related Industries Syndicate or STIBYS;
Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH;
Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of
Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT;
Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National
Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of
Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Confederation of
Honduran Workers or CUTH
Hong Kong
Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese
Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade
Unions or CTU (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE
Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries;
Federation of Trade Unions or FTU (pro-China) [CHENG Yiu-tong,
executive councilor]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic
Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and
Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber
of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG
Man-kwong, president]; Neighborhood and Workers' Service Center or
NWSC [LEUNG Yiu-chung, LegCo member] (pro-democracy); Civic Act-up
[Cyd HO Sau-lan, LegCo member] (pro-democracy)
Hungary
Air Work Group (works to reduce air pollution in towns and
cities); Company For Freedom Rights (Tarsasag a Szabadsagjogokert)
or TASZ (personal data protection); Danube Circle (protests the
building of the Gabchikovo-Nagymaros dam); Green Future (protests
the impact of lead contamination of local factory on health of the
people); environmentalists: Hungarian Ornithological and Nature
Conservation Society (Magyar Madartani Egyesulet)or MME; Green
Alternative (Zold Alternativa)
India
All Parties Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley
(separatist group); Bajrang Dal (religious organization); National
Socialist Council of Nagaland in the northeast (separatist group);
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh [Mohan BHAGWAT] (religious
organization); Vishwa Hindu Parishad [Ashok SINGHAL] (religious
organization)
other: numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations;
various separatist groups seeking greater communal and/or regional
autonomy
Indonesia
Commission for the "Disappeared" and Victims of Violence
or KontraS; Indonesia Corruption Watch or ICW; Indonesian Forum for
the Environment or WALHI; Islamic Defenders Front or FPI; People's
Democracy Fortress or Bendera
Iran
groups that generally support the Islamic Republic: Ansar-e
Hizballah-Islamic Coalition Party (Motalefeh); Followers of the Line
of the Imam and the Leader; Islamic Engineers Society; Tehran
Militant Clergy Association (Ruhaniyat); active pro-reform student
group: Office of Strengthening Unity (OSU); opposition groups:
Baluchistan People's Party (BPP); Freedom Movement of Iran; Green
Path movement [Mehdi KARUBI, Mir-Hosein MUSAVI]; Marz-e Por Gohar;
National Front; and various ethnic and Monarchist organizations;
armed political groups that have been repressed by the government:
Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (KDPI); Jundallah; Komala;
Mujahedin-e Khalq Organization (MEK or MKO); People's Fedayeen;
People's Free Life Party of Kurdistan (PJAK)
Iraq
Sunni militias; Shia militias, some associated with political
parties
Ireland
Families Acting for Innocent Relatives or FAIR [Brian
MCCONNELL] (seek compensation for victims of violence); Families
Against Intimidation and Terror or FAIT (oppose terrorism);
Gaeltacht Civil Rights Campaign (Coiste Cearta Sibhialta na Gaeilge)
or CCSG (encourages the use of the Irish language and campaigns for
greater civil rights in Irish speaking areas); Iona Institute [David
QUINN] (a conservative Catholic think tank); Irish Anti-War Movement
[Richard Boyd BARRETT] (campaigns against wars around the world);
Irish Republican Army or IRA (terrorist group); Keep Ireland Open
(environmental group); Midland Railway Action Group or MRAG [Willie
ALLEN] (transportation promoters); Peace and Neutrality Alliance
[Roger COLE] (campaigns to protect Irish neutrality); Rail Users
Ireland (formerly the Platform 11 - transportation promoters); 32
Country Sovereignty Movement or 32CSM (supports a fully sovereign
Ireland); Ulster Defence Association or UDA (terrorist group)
Isle of Man
Alliance for Progressive Government or APG (a government
watchdog); Mec Vannin (political party advocating a sovereign state
and environment policies); note - has only had one member elected to
the Tynwald
Israel
B'Tselem [Jessica MONTELL, Executive Director] monitors human
rights abuses; Peace Now [Yariv OPPENHEIMER, Secretary General]
supports territorial concessions in the West Bank and Gaza Strip;
YESHA Council of Settlements [Danny DAYAN, Chairman] promotes
settler interests and opposes territorial compromise; Breaking the
Silence [Yehuda SHAUL, Executive Director] collects testimonies from
soldiers who served in the West Bank and Gaza Strip
Italy
manufacturers and merchants associations - Confcommercio;
Confindustria; organized farm groups - Confcoltivatori;
Confagricoltura; Roman Catholic Church; three major trade union
confederations - Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro or CGIL
[Guglielmo EPIFANI] which is left wing; Confederazione Italiana dei
Sindacati Lavoratori or CISL [Raffaele BONANNO], which is Roman
Catholic centrist; Unione Italiana del Lavoro or UIL [Luigi
ANGELETTI] which is lay centrist)
Jamaica
New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black
religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists)
Japan
other: business groups; trade unions
Jersey
Institute of Directors, Jersey branch (provides business
support); Jersey Hospitality Association [Robert JONES] (trade
association); Jersey Rights Association [David ROTHERHAM] (human
rights); La Societe Jersiaise (education and conservation group);
Progress Jersey [Daren O'TOOLE, Gino RISOLI] (human rights); Royal
Jersey Agriculture and Horticultural Society or RJA&HS (development
and management of the Jersey breed of cattle); Save Jersey's
Heritage (protects heritage through building preservation)
Jordan
Anti-Normalization Committee [Hamzeh MANSOUR, chairman];
Higher Coordination Committee of Opposition Parties [Hamzeh
MANZOUR]; Jordan Bar Association [Saleh al-ARMUTI, chairman];
Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]; Jordanian
Muslim Brotherhood [Dr. Hamam SAID, controller general]
Kazakhstan
Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Committee
[Ninel FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN];
For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS (jailed), Sabit ZHUSUPOV,
Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV]; Kazakhstan International Bureau
on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, executive director]; Pan-National
Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY];
Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman];
Republican Network of International Monitors [Dos KUSHIM];
Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV]
Kenya
Council of Islamic Preachers of Kenya or CIPK [Sheikh Idris
MOHAMMED]; Kenya Human Rights Commission [L. Muthoni WANYEKI];
Muslim Human Rights Forum [Ali-Amin KIMATHI]; National Convention
Executive Council or NCEC, a proreform coalition of political
parties and nongovernment organizations [Ndung'u WAINANA]; National
Muslim Leaders Forum or NAMLEF [Abdullahi ABDI]; Protestant National
Council of Churches of Kenya or NCCK [Canon Peter Karanja MWANGI];
Roman Catholic and other Christian churches; Supreme Council of
Kenya Muslims or SUPKEM [Shaykh Abdul Gafur al-BUSAIDY]
other: labor unions
Kiribati
NA
Korea, North
none
Korea, South
Federation of Korean Industries; Federation of Korean
Trade Unions; Korean Confederation of Trade Unions; Korean National
Council of Churches; Korean Traders Association; Korean Veterans'
Association; National Council of Labor Unions; National Democratic
Alliance of Korea; National Federation of Farmers' Associations;
National Federation of Student Associations
Kosovo
Council for the Defense of Human Rights and Freedom (human
rights); Humanitarian Law Centre (human rights); Movement for
Self-Determination; Serb National Council (SNV)
Kuwait
other: Islamists; merchants; political groups; secular
liberals and pro-governmental deputies; Shia activists; tribal groups
Kyrgyzstan
Adilet Legal Clinic [Cholpon JAKUPOVA]; Coalition for
Democracy and Civil Society [Dinara OSHURAKHUNOVA]; Interbilim
[Asiya SASYKBAEVA]
Laos
NA
Latvia
Free Trade Union Confederation of Latvia [Peteris KRIGERS],
Employers' Confederation of Latvia [Elina EGLE], Farmers' Parliament
[Juris LAZDINS]
Lebanon
Maronite Church [Patriarch Nasrallah SFAYR]
other: note - most sects retain militias and a number of militant
groups operate in Palestinian refugee camps
Lesotho
Media Institute of Southern Africa, Lesotho chapter [Thabang
MATJAMA] (pushes for media freedom)
Liberia
other: demobilized former military officers
Libya
other: anti-QADHAFI Libyan exile movement; Islamic elements
Liechtenstein
NA
Luxembourg
ABBL (bankers' association); ALEBA (financial sector
trade union); Centrale Paysanne (federation of agricultural
producers); CEP (professional sector chamber); CGFP (trade union
representing civil service); Chambre de Commerce (Chamber of
Commerce); Chambre des Metiers (Chamber of Artisans); FEDIL
(federation of industrialists); Greenpeace (environment protection);
LCGP (center-right trade union); Mouvement Ecologique (protection of
ecology); OGBL (center-left trade union)
Macau
Civic Power [Agnes LAM Lok-fong]; Macau New Chinese Youth
Association [LEONG Sin-man]; Macau Society of Tourism and
Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO]; Macau Worker's Union [HO
Heng-kuok]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]
Macedonia
Federation of Free Trade Unions [Svetlana PETROVIC];
Federation of Trade Unions [Vanco MURATOVSKI]; Trade Union of
Education, Science and Culture [Dojcin CVETANOSKI]
Madagascar
Committee for the Defense of Truth and Justice or KMMR;
Committee for National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National
Council of Christian Churches or FFKM
Malawi
Agri-Ecology Media (agriculture and environmental group);
Council for NGOs in Malawi or CONGOMA (human rights, democracy, and
development); Human Rights Consultative Committee or HRCC (human
rights); Malawi Law Society (human rights and law reform); Malawi
Movement for the Restoration of Democracy or MMRD (acts to restore
and maintain democracy); Public Affairs Committee or PAC (promotes
democracy, development, peace and unity)
Malaysia
Bar Council; BERSIH (electoral reform coalition); PEMBELA
(Muslim NGO coalition)
other: religious groups; women's groups; youth groups
Maldives
other: various unregistered political parties
Mali
other: the army; Islamic authorities; rebels in the northern
region; state-run cotton company CMDT; tuaregs
Malta
Alleanza Liberal-Demokratika Maltra or ALDM (for divorce,
abortion, gay marriage, the rights existent in other EU member
states); Alleanza Nazzionali Repubblikana or ANR (for traditional
values, anti-immigration); Alternattiva Demokratika
(pro-environment); Azzjoni Nazzjonali or AN (freedom to participate
in democratic government); Flimkien Ghal-Ambjent Ahjar
(pro-environment); Ghazda tal-Konsumaturi (consumer rights)
other: environmentalists
Marshall Islands
NA
Mauritania
General Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CGTM
[Abdallahi Ould MOHAMED, secretary general]; Independent
Confederation of Mauritanian Workers or CLTM [Samory Ould BEYE];
Mauritanian Workers Union or UTM [Mohamed Ely Ould BRAHIM, secretary
general]
other: Arab nationalists; Ba'thists; Islamists
Mauritius
other: various labor unions
Mayotte
NA
Mexico
Businessmen's Coordinating Council or CCE; Confederation of
Employers of the Mexican Republic or COPARMEX; Confederation of
Industrial Chambers or CONCAMIN; Confederation of Mexican Workers or
CTM; Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce or CONCANACO;
Coordinator for Foreign Trade Business Organizations or COECE;
Dialogue for the Reconstruction of Mexico or DIA; Federation of
Unions Providing Goods and Services or FESEBES; National Chamber of
Transformation Industries or CANACINTRA; National Peasant
Confederation or CNC; National Small Business Chamber or CANACOPE;
National Syndicate of Education Workers or SNTE; National Union of
Workers or UNT; Popular Assembly of the People of Oaxaca or APPO;
Roman Catholic Church
Micronesia, Federated States of
NA
Moldova
NA
Monaco
NA
Mongolia
other: human rights groups; women's groups
Montserrat
NA
Morocco
Democratic Confederation of Labor or CDT [Noubir AMAOUI];
General Union of Moroccan Workers or UGTM [Abderrazzak AFILAL];
Moroccan Employers Association or CGEM [Hassan CHAMI]; National
Labor Union of Morocco or UNMT [Abdelslam MAATI]; Union of Moroccan
Workers or UMT [Mahjoub BENSEDDIK]
Mozambique
Mozambican League of Human Rights (Liga Mocambicana dos
Direitos Humanos) or LDH [Alice MABOTE, president]
Namibia
Earthlife Namibia [Berthchen KOHRS] (environmentalist
group); National Society for Human Rights or NSHR; The World
Information Services of Energy or WISE (group against nuclear power)
Nauru
Woman Information and News Agency (women's issues)
Nepal
other: several small armed Madhesi groups along the southern
border with India; a variety of groups advocating regional autonomy
for individual ethnic groups
Netherlands
Christian Trade Union Federation or CNV [Jaap SMIT];
Confederation of Netherlands Industry and Employers or VNO-NCW
[Bernard WIENTJES]; Federation for Small and Medium-sized businesses
or MKB [Loek HERMANS]; Netherlands Trade Union Federation or FNV
[Agnes JONGERIUS]; Social Economic Council or SER [Alexander RINNOOY
KAN]; Trade Union Federation of Middle and High Personnel or MHP
[Richard STEENBORG]
New Caledonia
NA
New Zealand
Women's Electoral Lobby or WEL
other: apartheid groups; civil rights groups; farmers groups; Maori;
nuclear weapons groups; women's rights groups
Nicaragua
National Workers Front or FNT (a Sandinista umbrella group
of eight labor unions including: Farm Workers Association or ATC,
Health Workers Federation or FETASALUD, Heroes and Martyrs
Confederation of Professional Associations or CONAPRO, National
Association of Educators of Nicaragua or ANDEN, National Union of
Employees or UNE, National Union of Farmers and Ranchers or UNAG,
Sandinista Workers Central or CST, and Union of Journalists of
Nicaragua or UPN); Permanent Congress of Workers or CPT (an umbrella
group of four non-Sandinista labor unions including: Autonomous
Nicaraguan Workers Central or CTN-A, Confederation of Labor
Unification or CUS, Independent General Confederation of Labor or
CGT-I, and Labor Action and Unity Central or CAUS); Nicaraguan
Workers' Central or CTN (an independent labor union); Superior
Council of Private Enterprise or COSEP (a confederation of business
groups)
Niger
The Nigerien Movement for Justice or MNJ, a predominantly
Tuareg rebel group
Nigeria
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for
Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for
the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or
CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers
or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian
Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian
Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of
Democracy or UDD
Niue
NA
Norfolk Island
none
Northern Mariana Islands
NA
Norway
Norwegian Aid Committee or NORWAC; Norwegian Association of
the Disabled; Pure Salmon Campaign; The Consumer Council (consumer
advocacy group)
other: environmental groups; media; reform movements
Oman
none
Pakistan
other: military (most important political force); ulema
(clergy); landowners; industrialists; small merchants
Palau
NA
Panama
Chamber of Commerce; National Civic Crusade; National Council
of Organized Workers or CONATO; National Council of Private
Enterprise or CONEP; National Union of Construction and Similar
Workers (SUNTRACS); Panamanian Association of Business Executives or
APEDE; Panamanian Industrialists Society or SIP; Workers
Confederation of the Republic of Panama or CTRP
Papua New Guinea
Ahora [Andrew MAMOKO] (represents local tribes);
Centre for Environment Law and Community Rights or Celcor [Damien
ASE]; Community Coalition Against Corruption
Paraguay
Ahorristas Estafados or AE; National Coordinating Board of
Campesino Organizations or MCNOC [Luis AGUAYO]; National Federation
of Campesinos or FNC [Odilon ESPINOLA]; National Workers Central or
CNT [Secretary General Juan TORRALES]; Paraguayan Workers
Confederation or CPT; Roman Catholic Church; Unitary Workers Central
or CUT [Jorge Guzman ALVARENGA Malgarejo]
Peru
General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de
Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN]; Shining Path (Sendero
Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE
Palomino (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla group)
Philippines
ABONO [Robert ESTRELLA]; AKBAYAN [Anna Theresia
BARAQUIEL]; An Waray [Florencio NOEL]; Anak Mindanao [Mujiv
HATAMIN]; ANAKPAWIS [Rafael MARIANO]; ARC [Narciso SANTIAGO III];
Association of Philippine Electric Cooperatives (APEC) [Ernesto
PABLO and Edgar VALDEZ]; A TEACHER [Mariano PIAMONTE]; Bayan Muna
[Satur OCAMPO and Teodoro CASINO, Jr.]; Black and White Movement
[Vicente ROMANO]; BUHAY [Rene VELARDE, Carissa COSCOLLUELLA, and
William TIENG]; BUTIL [Leonila CHAVEZ]; CIBAC [Emmanuel Joel
VILLANUEVA]; COOP-NATCO [Jose PING-AY]; GABRIELA [Liza MAZA and
Luzviminda ILAGAN]; KABATAAN [Raymon PALATINO]; Kilosbayan [Jovito
SALONGA]; YACAP [Carol LOPEZ]
Pitcairn Islands
none
Poland
All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan
GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop
Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Piotr DUDA]
Portugal
the media; labor unions
Puerto Rico
Boricua Popular Army or EPB (a revolutionary group also
known as Los Macheteros); note - the following radical groups are
considered dormant by Federal law enforcement: Armed Forces for
National Liberation or FALN, Armed Forces of Popular Resistance,
Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Qatar
none
Romania
other: various human rights and professional associations
Russia
Association of Citizens with Initiative of Russia (TIGR);
Confederation of Labor of Russia (KTR); Federation of Independent
Labor Unions of Russia; Freedom of Choice Interregional Organization
of Automobilists; Glasnost Defense Foundation; Golos Association in
Defense of Voters' Rights; Greenpeace Russia; Human Rights Watch
(Russian chapter); Institute for Collective Action; Memorial (human
rights group); Movement Against Illegal Migration; Pamjat
(preservation of historical monuments and recording of history);
Russian Orthodox Church; Russian Federation of Car Owners;
Russian-Chechen Friendship Society; SOVA Analytical-Information
Center; Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers; World Wildlife
Fund (Russian chapter)
Rwanda
IBUKA (association of genocide survivors)
Saint Barthelemy
The Marine Reserve (protection of fish); Rotary Club
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
other: private sector;
unions
Saint Kitts and Nevis
NA
Saint Lucia
NA
Saint Martin
NA
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
NA
Samoa
NA
San Marino
NA
Sao Tome and Principe
Association of Sao Tome and Principe NGOs or
FONG
other: the media
Saudi Arabia
Ansar Al Marah (supports women's rights)
other: gas companies; religious groups
Senegal
other: labor; students; Sufi brotherhoods, including the
Mourides and Tidjanes; teachers
Serbia
Obraz (Orthodox clero-fascist organization); 1389 (Serbian
nationalist movement)
Seychelles
Roman Catholic Church
other: trade unions
Sierra Leone
other: student unions; trade unions
Singapore
none
Slovakia
Association of Towns and Villages or ZMOS; Confederation of
Trade Unions or KOZ; Entrepreneurs Association of Slovakia or ZPS;
Federation of Employers' Associations of the Slovak Republic;
National Union of Employers or RUZ; Slovak Chamber of Commerce and
Industry or SOPK; Slovenska Pospolitost; The Business Alliance of
Slovakia or PAS
Slovenia
Slovenian Roma Association [Jozek Horvat MUC]
other: Catholic Church
Solomon Islands
Isatabu Freedom Movement (IFM); Malaita Eagle Force
(MEF); note - these rival armed ethnic factions crippled the Solomon
Islands in a wave of violence from 1999 to 2003
Somalia
other: numerous clan and sub-clan factions exist both in
support and in opposition to the transitional government