bicameral system consists of the Chamber of Advisors (126
seats; 85 members elected by municipal counselors, deputies, mayors,
and professional associations and trade unions; 41 members are
presidential appointees; members serve six-year terms); and the
Chamber of Deputies or Majlis al-Nuwaab (214 seats; members elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Advisors - last held on 3 July 2005 (next to
be held in July 2011); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 25 October
2009 (next to be held in October 2014);
election results: Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party -
RCD 84.6%, MDS 4.6%, PUP 3.4%, UDU 2.6%, PSL 2.2%, PVP 1.7%,
Al-Tajdid 0.5%; seats by party - RCD 161, MDS 16, PUP 12, UDU 9, PSL
8, PVP 6, Al-Tajdid 2; voter turnout 89.4%
Turkey
unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk
Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held on 22 July 2007 (next to be held by July 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - AKP 46.7%, CHP 20.8%,
MHP 14.3%, independents 5.2%, other 13.0%; seats by party - AKP 341,
CHP 112, MHP 71, independents 26; note - seats by party as of 15
November 2010 - AKP 335, CHP 101, MHP 70, BDP 20, DSP 6, DP 1, TP 1,
independents 7, vacant 9 (BDP entered parliament as independents;
DSP entered parliament on CHP's party list; DP and TP switched to
their respective parties after having been elected to parliament as
an independent or on the list of another party); only parties
surpassing the 10% threshold are entitled to parliamentary seats
Turkmenistan
unicameral parliament known as the National Assembly
(Mejlis) (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)
elections: last held on 14 December 2008 (next to be held in
December 2013)
election results: 100% of elected officials are members of either
the Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or its pseudo-civil society
parent organization, the Revival Movement, and are preapproved by
the president
note: in 26 September 2008, a new constitution of Turkmenistan
abolished a second, 2,507-member legislative body known as the
People's Council and expanded the number of deputies in the National
Assembly from 65 to 125; the powers formerly held by the People's
Council were divided up between the president and the National
Assembly
Turks and Caicos Islands
under provisions of the Order in Council,
the unicameral House of Assembly is dissolved and all seats vacated
for a period of up to two years; in the interim, a Consultative
Forum, appointed by the governor, will be established
elections: last held on 9 February 2007 (next to be held by July
2011)
election results: under provisions of the Order in Council, all
seats in the House of Assembly are vacated
Tuvalu
unicameral Parliament or Fale I Fono, also called House of
Assembly (15 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
four-year terms)
elections: last held on 16 September 2010 (next to be held in 2014)
election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 15; 10
members reelected
Uganda
unicameral National Assembly (332 seats; 215 members elected
by popular vote, 104 nominated by legally established special
interest groups [women 79, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 5],
13 ex-officio members; members to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 23 February 2006 (next to be held on 18
February 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
NRM 205, FDC 37, UPC 9, DP 8, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 37, other
34
Ukraine
unicameral Supreme Council or Verkhovna Rada (450 seats;
members allocated on a proportional basis to those parties that gain
3% or more of the national electoral vote; members to serve
five-year terms)
elections: last held on 30 September 2007 (next must be held in 2012
or sooner if a ruling coalition cannot be formed in the Rada)
election results: percent of vote by party/bloc - Party of Regions
34.4%, Block of Yuliya Tymoshenko 30.7%, Our Ukraine-People's Self
Defense 14.2%, CPU 5.4%, Lytvyn Bloc 4%, other parties 11.3%; seats
by party/bloc - Party of Regions 175, Block of Yuliya Tymoshenko
156, Our Ukraine-People's Self Defense 72, CPU 27, Lytvyn Bloc 20
United Arab Emirates
unicameral Federal National Council (FNC) or
Majlis al-Ittihad al-Watani (40 seats; 20 members appointed by the
rulers of the constituent states, 20 members elected to serve
four-year terms)
elections: elections for one half of the FNC (the other half remains
appointed) held on 18-20 December 2006; the new electoral college -
a body of 6,689 Emiratis (including 1,189 women) appointed by the
rulers of the seven emirates - were the only eligible voters and
candidates; 456 candidates including 65 women ran for 20 contested
FNC seats; one female from the Emirate of Abu Dhabi won a seat and 8
women were among the 20 appointed members
note: the FNC reviews legislation but cannot change or veto
United Kingdom
bicameral Parliament consists of House of Lords (741
seats; consisting of approximately 625 life peers, 91 hereditary
peers, and 25 clergy - as of 15 December 2010) and House of Commons
(650 seats since 2010 elections; members elected by popular vote to
serve five-year terms unless the House is dissolved earlier)
elections: House of Lords - no elections (note - in 1999, as
provided by the House of Lords Act, elections were held in the House
of Lords to determine the 92 hereditary peers who would remain
there; elections are held only as vacancies in the hereditary
peerage arise); House of Commons - last held on 6 May 2010 (next to
be held by June 2015)
election results: House of Commons - percent of vote by party -
Conservative 36.1%, Labor 29%, Liberal Democrats 23%, other 11.9%;
seats by party - Conservative 305, Labor 258, Liberal Democrat 57,
other 30
note: in 1998 elections were held for a Northern Ireland Assembly
(because of unresolved disputes among existing parties, the transfer
of power from London to Northern Ireland came only at the end of
1999 and has been suspended four times, the latest occurring in
October 2002 and lasting until 8 May 2007); in 1999, the UK held the
first elections for a Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly, the
most recent of which were held in May 2007
United States
bicameral Congress consists of the Senate (100 seats,
2 members elected from each state by popular vote to serve six-year
terms; one-third elected every two years) and the House of
Representatives (435 seats; members directly elected by popular vote
to serve two-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in
November 2012); House of Representatives - last held on 2 November
2010 (next to be held in November 2012)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - Democratic Party 51, Republican Party 47, independent 2;
House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - Democratic Party 192, Republican Party 243
Uruguay
bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of
Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; vice president has
one vote in the Senate) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de
Representantes (99 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)
elections: Chamber of Senators - last held on 25 October 2009 (next
to be held in October 2014); Chamber of Representatives - last held
on 25 October 2009 (next to be held in October 2014)
election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party -
NA; seats by party - Frente Amplio 16, Blanco 9, Colorado Party 5;
Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - Frente Amplio 50, Blanco 30, Colorado Party 17, Independent
Party 2
Uzbekistan
bicameral Supreme Assembly or Oliy Majlis consists of an
upper house or Senate (100 seats; 84 members elected by regional
governing councils and 16 appointed by the president; members to
serve five-year terms) and a lower house or Legislative Chamber (150
seats; 135 members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms,
while 15 spots reserved for the new Ecological Movement of
Uzbekistan)
elections: last held on 27 December 2009 and 10 January 2010 (next
to be held in December 2014)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - NA; Legislative Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA;
seats by party - LDPU 53, NDP 32, National Rebirth Party 31, Adolat
19
note: all parties in the Supreme Assembly support President KARIMOV
Vanuatu
unicameral Parliament (52 seats; members elected by popular
vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held on 2 September 2008 (next to be held in 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - VP
11, NUP 8, UMP 7, VRP 7, PPP 4, GC 2, MPP 1, NA 1, NAG 1, PAP 1,
Shepherds Alliance 1, VFFP 1, VLP 1, VNP 1, VPRFP 1, and independent
4; note - political party associations are fluid
note: the National Council of Chiefs advises on matters of culture
and language
Venezuela
unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (165
seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms;
three seats reserved for the indigenous peoples of Venezuela)
elections: last held on 26 September 2010 (next to be held in 2015)
election results: percent of vote by party - pro-government 48.9%,
opposition coalition 47.9%, other 3.2%; seats by party -
pro-government 98, opposition 65, other 2
Vietnam
unicameral National Assembly or Quoc Hoi (493 seats; members
elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 20 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
CPV 450, non-party CPV-approved 42, self-nominated 1; note - 493
candidates were elected; CPV and non-party CPV-approved delegates
were members of the Vietnamese Fatherland Front
Virgin Islands
unicameral Senate (15 seats; members are elected by
popular vote to serve two-year terms)
elections: last held on 2 November 2010 (next to be held in November
2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
Democratic Party 10, ICM 2, independent 3
note: the Virgin Islands elects one non-voting representative to the
US House of Representatives; election last held 2 November 2010
(next to be held on November 2012)
Wallis and Futuna
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee
Territoriale (20 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
five-year terms)
elections: last held on 1 April 2007 (next to be held in April 2012)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
UMP 13, other 7
note: Wallis and Futuna elects one senator to the French Senate and
one deputy to the French National Assembly; French Senate -
elections last held on 21 September 2008 (next to be held by
September 2014); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats -
UMP 1; French National Assembly - elections last held on 17 June
2007 (next to be held by 2012); results - percent of vote by party -
NA; seats - PS 1
Yemen
bicameral legislature consisting of a Shura Council (111
seats; members appointed by the president) and House of
Representatives (301 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve
eight-year terms)
elections: last held on 27 April 2003 (scheduled April 2009 election
postponed for two years)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
GPC 238, Islah 47, YSP 6, Nasserite Unionist Party 3, National Arab
Socialist Ba'th Party 2, independents 5
Zambia
unicameral National Assembly (158 seats; 150 members are
elected by popular vote, 8 members appointed by the president, to
serve five-year terms)
elections: last held on 28 September 2006 (next to be held in
October 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party -
MMD 72, PF 44, UDA 27, ULP 2, NDF 1, independents 2; seats not
determined 2
Zimbabwe
bicameral Parliament consists of a Senate (93 seats - 60
members elected by popular vote for a five-year term, 10 provincial
governors nominated by the president and the prime minister, 16
traditional chiefs elected by the Council of Chiefs, 2 seats held by
the president and deputy president of the Council of Chiefs, and 5
members appointed by the president) and a House of Assembly (210
seats - members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)
elections: last held on 28 March 2008 (next to be held in 2013)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.6%,
ZANU-PF 45.8%, other 2.6%; seats by party - MDC 30, ZANU-PF 30;
House of Assembly - percent of vote by party - MDC 51.3%, ZANU-PF
45.8%, other 2.9%; seats by party - MDC 109, ZANU-PF 97, other 4
======================================================================
@2102
Field Listing :: Life expectancy at birth
This entry contains the average number of years to be lived by a
group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age
remains constant in the future. The entry includes total population
as well as the male and female components. Life expectancy at birth
is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and
summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as
indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and
is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Life expectancy at birth(years)
Afghanistan
total population: 44.65 years
male: 44.45 years
female: 44.87 years (2010 est.)
Albania
total population: 77.22 years
male: 74.65 years
female: 80.11 years (2010 est.)
Algeria
total population: 74.26 years
male: 72.57 years
female: 76.04 years (2010 est.)
American Samoa
total population: 73.97 years
male: 71.04 years
female: 77.08 years (2010 est.)
Andorra
total population: 82.36 years
male: 80.3 years
female: 84.55 years (2010 est.)
Angola
total population: 38.48 years
male: 37.48 years
female: 39.52 years (2010 est.)
Anguilla
total population: 80.77 years
male: 78.22 years
female: 83.39 years (2010 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda
total population: 75.26 years
male: 73.27 years
female: 77.35 years (2010 est.)
Argentina
total population: 76.76 years
male: 73.52 years
female: 80.17 years (2010 est.)
Armenia
total population: 72.96 years
male: 69.33 years
female: 77.07 years (2010 est.)
Aruba
total population: 75.51 years
male: 72.47 years
female: 78.61 years (2010 est.)
Australia
total population: 81.72 years
male: 79.33 years
female: 84.25 years (2010 est.)
Austria
total population: 79.65 years
male: 76.74 years
female: 82.71 years (2010 est.)
Azerbaijan
total population: 67.01 years
male: 62.86 years
female: 71.67 years (2010 est.)
Bahamas, The
total population: 70.84 years
male: 68.48 years
female: 73.27 years (2010 est.)
Bahrain
total population: 75.4 years
male: 72.87 years
female: 78.01 years (2010 est.)
Bangladesh
total population: 69.44 years
male: 67.64 years
female: 71.3 years (2010 est.)
Barbados
total population: 74.14 years
male: 71.88 years
female: 76.42 years (2010 est.)
Belarus
total population: 70.92 years
male: 65.26 years
female: 76.93 years (2010 est.)
Belgium
total population: 79.37 years
male: 76.21 years
female: 82.68 years (2010 est.)
Belize
total population: 68.23 years
male: 66.54 years
female: 70 years (2010 est.)
Benin
total population: 59.42 years
male: 58.21 years
female: 60.68 years (2010 est.)
Bermuda
total population: 80.6 years
male: 77.37 years
female: 83.88 years (2010 est.)
Bhutan
total population: 66.71 years
male: 65.89 years
female: 67.57 years (2010 est.)
Bolivia
total population: 67.23 years
male: 64.52 years
female: 70.07 years (2010 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
total population: 78.66 years
male: 75.09 years
female: 82.49 years (2010 est.)
Botswana
total population: 60.93 years
male: 61.11 years
female: 60.75 years (2010 est.)
Brazil
total population: 72.26 years
male: 68.7 years
female: 76 years (2010 est.)
British Virgin Islands
total population: 77.45 years
male: 76.18 years
female: 78.78 years (2010 est.)
Brunei
total population: 75.96 years
male: 73.72 years
female: 78.31 years (2010 est.)
Bulgaria
total population: 73.35 years
male: 69.74 years
female: 77.17 years (2010 est.)
Burkina Faso
total population: 53.32 years
male: 51.39 years
female: 55.31 years (2010 est.)
Burma
total population: 64.52 years
male: 62.23 years
female: 66.94 years (2010 est.)
Burundi
total population: 58.29 years
male: 56.65 years
female: 59.98 years (2010 est.)
Cambodia
total population: 62.28 years
male: 59.95 years
female: 64.72 years (2010 est.)
Cameroon
total population: 54.04 years
male: 53.21 years
female: 54.9 years (2010 est.)
Canada
total population: 81.29 years
male: 78.72 years
female: 84 years (2010 est.)
Cape Verde
total population: 70.41 years
male: 68.24 years
female: 72.64 years (2010 est.)
Cayman Islands
total population: 80.57 years
male: 77.91 years
female: 83.27 years (2010 est.)
Central African Republic
total population: 49.68 years
male: 48.45 years
female: 50.95 years (2010 est.)
Chad
total population: 47.99 years
male: 46.95 years
female: 49.07 years (2010 est.)
Chile
total population: 77.53 years
male: 74.26 years
female: 80.96 years (2010 est.)
China
total population: 74.51 years
male: 72.54 years
female: 76.77 years (2010 est.)
Christmas Island
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
Colombia
total population: 74.31 years
male: 70.98 years
female: 77.84 years (2010 est.)
Comoros
total population: 63.83 years
male: 61.41 years
female: 66.32 years (2010 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
total population: 54.73 years
male: 52.93 years
female: 56.59 years (2010 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
total population: 54.54 years
male: 53.27 years
female: 55.84 years (2010 est.)
Cook Islands
total population: 74.47 years
male: 71.69 years
female: 77.38 years (2010 est.)
Costa Rica
total population: 77.54 years
male: 74.93 years
female: 80.28 years (2010 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
total population: 56.19 years
male: 55.27 years
female: 57.13 years (2010 est.)
Croatia
total population: 75.58 years
male: 71.95 years
female: 79.4 years (2010 est.)
Cuba
total population: 77.64 years
male: 75.36 years
female: 80.05 years (2010 est.)
Curacao
total: NA
males: 72.4 years
females: 80.1 years (2009)
Cyprus
total population: 77.66 years
male: 74.88 years
female: 80.57 years (2010 est.)
Czech Republic
total population: 77.01 years
male: 73.74 years
female: 80.48 years (2010 est.)
Denmark
total population: 78.47 years
male: 76.11 years
female: 80.97 years (2010 est.)
Djibouti
total population: 60.73 years
male: 58.31 years
female: 63.22 years (2010 est.)
Dominica
total population: 75.77 years
male: 72.82 years
female: 78.87 years (2010 est.)
Dominican Republic
total population: 77.15 years
male: 75.01 years
female: 79.38 years (2010 est.)
Ecuador
total population: 75.52 years
male: 72.58 years
female: 78.6 years (2010 est.)
Egypt
total population: 72.4 years
male: 69.82 years
female: 75.1 years (2010 est.)
El Salvador
total population: 73.18 years
male: 69.91 years
female: 76.62 years (2010 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
total population: 61.98 years
male: 61.05 years
female: 62.94 years (2010 est.)
Eritrea
total population: 62.15 years
male: 60.06 years
female: 64.3 years (2010 est.)
Estonia
total population: 73.08 years
male: 67.74 years
female: 78.76 years (2010 est.)
Ethiopia
total population: 55.8 years
male: 53.28 years
female: 58.39 years (2010 est.)
European Union
total population: 78.82 years
male: 75.7 years
female: 82.13 years (2010 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
total population: NA
male: NA
female: NA
Faroe Islands
total population: 79.58 years
male: 77.13 years
female: 82.21 years (2010 est.)
Fiji
total population: 71.03 years
male: 68.46 years
female: 73.73 years (2010 est.)
Finland
total population: 79.13 years
male: 75.64 years
female: 82.76 years (2010 est.)
France
total population: 81.09 years
male: 77.91 years
female: 84.44 years (2010 est.)
French Polynesia
total population: 76.91 years
male: 74.44 years
female: 79.5 years (2010 est.)
Gabon
total population: 52.75 years
male: 51.96 years
female: 53.58 years (2010 est.)
Gambia, The
total population: 54.07 years
male: 52.32 years
female: 55.86 years (2010 est.)
Gaza Strip
total population: 73.68 years
male: 72.05 years
female: 75.4 years (2010 est.)
Georgia
total population: 76.93 years
male: 73.61 years
female: 80.64 years (2010 est.)
Germany
total population: 79.41 years
male: 76.41 years
female: 82.57 years (2010 est.)
Ghana
total population: 60.55 years
male: 59.36 years
female: 61.78 years (2010 est.)
Gibraltar
total population: 78.53 years
male: 75.69 years
female: 81.56 years (2010 est.)
Greece
total population: 79.8 years
male: 77.24 years
female: 82.52 years (2010 est.)
Greenland
total population: 70.67 years
male: 68.05 years
female: 73.43 years (2010 est.)
Grenada
total population: 72.79 years
male: 70.27 years
female: 75.55 years (2010 est.)
Guam
total population: 78.18 years
male: 75.14 years
female: 81.41 years (2010 est.)
Guatemala
total population: 70.59 years
male: 68.76 years
female: 72.51 years (2010 est.)
Guernsey
total population: 82.08 years
male: 79.43 years
female: 84.87 years (2010 est.)
Guinea
total population: 57.6 years
male: 56.13 years
female: 59.12 years (2010 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
total population: 48.3 years
male: 46.44 years
female: 50.22 years (2010 est.)
Guyana
total population: 66.74 years
male: 62.93 years
female: 70.74 years (2010 est.)
Haiti
total population: 62.17 years
male: 60.84 years
female: 63.53 years
note: the preliminary 2011 numbers differ significantly from those
of 2010, which were strongly influenced by the demographic effect of
the January 2010 earthquake; the latest figures more closely
correspond to those of 2009 (2011 est.)
Honduras
total population: 70.51 years
male: 68.82 years
female: 72.28 years (2010 est.)
Hong Kong
total population: 81.96 years
male: 79.24 years
female: 84.88 years (2010 est.)
Hungary
total population: 74.57 years
male: 70.8 years
female: 78.55 years (2010 est.)
Iceland
total population: 80.79 years
male: 78.63 years
female: 83.04 years (2010 est.)
India
total population: 66.46 years
male: 65.46 years
female: 67.57 years (2010 est.)
Indonesia
total population: 71.05 years
male: 68.53 years
female: 73.69 years (2010 est.)
Iran
total population: 69.77 years
male: 68.32 years
female: 71.29 years (2010 est.)
Iraq
total population: 70.25 years
male: 68.88 years
female: 71.69 years (2010 est.)
Ireland
total population: 80.07 years
male: 77.86 years
female: 82.41 years (2010 est.)
Isle of Man
total population: 80.53 years
male: 79.01 years
female: 82.18 years (2010 est.)
Israel
total population: 80.86 years
male: 78.7 years
female: 83.12 years (2010 est.)
Italy
total population: 80.33 years
male: 77.39 years
female: 83.46 years (2010 est.)
Jamaica
total population: 73.48 years
male: 71.8 years
female: 75.25 years (2010 est.)
Japan
total population: 82.17 years
male: 78.87 years
female: 85.66 years (2010 est.)
Jersey
total population: 81.28 years
male: 78.88 years
female: 83.83 years (2010 est.)
Jordan
total population: 79.92 years
male: 78.64 years
female: 81.28 years (2010 est.)
Kazakhstan
total population: 68.19 years
male: 62.91 years
female: 73.78 years (2010 est.)
Kenya
total population: 58.82 years
male: 58.33 years
female: 59.32 years (2010 est.)
Kiribati
total population: 64.03 years
male: 61.68 years
female: 66.49 years (2010 est.)
Korea, North
total population: 64.13 years
male: 61.53 years
female: 66.89 years (2010 est.)
Korea, South
total population: 78.81 years
male: 75.56 years
female: 82.28 years (2010 est.)
Kuwait
total population: 77.89 years
male: 76.64 years
female: 79.18 years (2010 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
total population: 69.74 years
male: 65.74 years
female: 73.94 years (2010 est.)
Laos
total population: 62 years
male: 60.14 years
female: 63.94 years (2010 est.)
Latvia
total population: 72.42 years
male: 67.27 years
female: 77.84 years (2010 est.)
Lebanon
total population: 74.79 years
male: 73.28 years
female: 76.36 years (2010 est.)