Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing
dialect) (official), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghainese), Minbei
(Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects,
minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
note: Mongolian is official in Nei Mongol, Uighur is official in
Xinjiang Uygur, and Tibetan is official in Xizang (Tibet)
Christmas Island
English (official), Chinese, Malay
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Malay (Cocos dialect), English
Colombia
Spanish (official)
Comoros
Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (a blend of
Swahili and Arabic)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
French (official), Lingala (a
lingua franca trade language), Kingwana (a dialect of Kiswahili or
Swahili), Kikongo, Tshiluba
Congo, Republic of the
French (official), Lingala and Monokutuba
(lingua franca trade languages), many local languages and dialects
(of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
Cook Islands
English (official), Maori
Costa Rica
Spanish (official), English
Cote d'Ivoire
French (official), 60 native dialects with Dioula the
most widely spoken
Croatia
Croatian (official) 96.1%, Serbian 1%, other and
undesignated 2.9% (including Italian, Hungarian, Czech, Slovak, and
German) (2001 census)
Cuba
Spanish (official)
Curacao
Papiamento 81.2% (a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English
dialect), Dutch 8% (official), Spanish 4%, English 2.9%, other 3.9%
(2001 census)
Cyprus
Greek (official), Turkish (official), English
Czech Republic
Czech 94.9%, Slovak 2%, other 2.3%, unidentified 0.8%
(2001 census)
Denmark
Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German
(small minority)
note: English is the predominant second language
Dhekelia
English, Greek
Djibouti
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Dominica
English (official), French patois
Dominican Republic
Spanish (official)
Ecuador
Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)
Egypt
Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by
educated classes
El Salvador
Spanish (official), Nahua (among some Amerindians)
Equatorial Guinea
Spanish 67.6% (official), other 32.4% (includes
French (official), Fang, Bubi) (1994 census)
Eritrea
Tigrinya (official), Arabic (official), English (official),
Tigre, Kunama, Afar, other Cushitic languages
Estonia
Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%,
unknown 0.7% (2000 census)
Ethiopia
Amarigna (Amharic) (official) 32.7%, Oromigna (official
regional) 31.6%, Tigrigna (official regional) 6.1%, Somaligna 6%,
Guaragigna 3.5%, Sidamigna 3.5%, Hadiyigna 1.7%, other 14.8%,
English (official) (major foreign language taught in schools),
Arabic (official) (1994 census)
European Union
Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian,
Finnish, French, Gaelic, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Latvian,
Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene,
Spanish, Swedish
note: only official languages are listed; German, the major language
of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, is the most widely spoken
mother tongue - over 19% of the EU population; English is the most
widely spoken language - about 49% of the EU population is
conversant with it (2007)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
English
Faroe Islands
Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish
Fiji
English (official), Fijian (official), Hindustani
Finland
Finnish 91.2% (official), Swedish 5.5% (official), other
3.3% (small Sami- and Russian-speaking minorities) (2007)
France
French (official) 100%, rapidly declining regional dialects
and languages (Provencal, Breton, Alsatian, Corsican, Catalan,
Basque, Flemish)
overseas departments: French, Creole patois
French Polynesia
French 61.1% (official), Polynesian 31.4%
(official), Asian languages 1.2%, other 0.3%, unspecified 6% (2002
census)
Gabon
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira,
Bandjabi
Gambia, The
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other
indigenous vernaculars
Gaza Strip
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by many Palestinians), English
(widely understood)
Georgia
Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%,
other 7%
note: Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Germany
German
Ghana
Asante 14.8%, Ewe 12.7%, Fante 9.9%, Boron (Brong) 4.6%,
Dagomba 4.3%, Dangme 4.3%, Dagarte (Dagaba) 3.7%, Akyem 3.4%, Ga
3.4%, Akuapem 2.9%, other 36.1% (includes English (official)) (2000
census)
Gibraltar
English (used in schools and for official purposes),
Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Greece
Greek 99% (official), other 1% (includes English and French)
Greenland
Greenlandic (East Inuit) (official), Danish, English
Grenada
English (official), French patois
Guam
English 38.3%, Chamorro 22.2%, Philippine languages 22.2%,
other Pacific island languages 6.8%, Asian languages 7%, other
languages 3.5% (2000 census)
Guatemala
Spanish (official) 60%, Amerindian languages 40% (23
officially recognized Amerindian languages, including Quiche,
Cakchiquel, Kekchi, Mam, Garifuna, and Xinca)
Guernsey
English, French, Norman-French dialect spoken in country
districts
Guinea
French (official); note - each ethnic group has its own
language
Guinea-Bissau
Portuguese (official), Crioulo, African languages
Guyana
English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Caribbean Hindustani (a
dialect of Hindi), Urdu
Haiti
French (official), Creole (official)
Holy See (Vatican City)
Italian, Latin, French, various other
languages
Honduras
Spanish (official), Amerindian dialects
Hong Kong
Cantonese 90.8% (official), English 2.8% (official),
Putonghua (Mandarin) 0.9%, other Chinese dialects 4.4%, other 1.1%
(2006 census)
Hungary
Hungarian 93.6%, other or unspecified 6.4% (2001 census)
Iceland
Icelandic, English, Nordic languages, German widely spoken
India
Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%,
Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%,
Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9%
note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but
is the most important language for national, political, and
commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language
and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official
languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati,
Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and
Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken
widely throughout northern India but is not an official language
(2001 census)
Indonesia
Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay),
English, Dutch, local dialects (the most widely spoken of which is
Javanese)
Iran
Persian and Persian dialects 58%, Turkic and Turkic dialects
26%, Kurdish 9%, Luri 2%, Balochi 1%, Arabic 1%, Turkish 1%, other 2%
Iraq
Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions),
Turkoman (a Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian
Ireland
English (official) is the language generally used, Irish
(Gaelic or Gaeilge) (official) spoken mainly in areas along the
western coast
Isle of Man
English, Manx Gaelic (about 2% of the population has
some knowledge)
Israel
Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority,
English most commonly used foreign language
Italy
Italian (official), German (parts of Trentino-Alto Adige
region are predominantly German speaking), French (small
French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta region), Slovene
(Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area)
Jamaica
English, English patois
Japan
Japanese
Jersey
English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001
census)
Jordan
Arabic (official), English widely understood among upper and
middle classes
Kazakhstan
Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official,
used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic
communication") 95% (2001 est.)
Kenya
English (official), Kiswahili (official), numerous indigenous
languages
Kiribati
I-Kiribati, English (official)
Korea, North
Korean
Korea, South
Korean, English widely taught in junior high and high
school
Kosovo
Albanian (official), Serbian (official), Bosnian, Turkish,
Roma
Kuwait
Arabic (official), English widely spoken
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz 64.7% (official), Uzbek 13.6%, Russian 12.5%
(official), Dungun 1%, other 8.2% (1999 census)
Laos
Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages
Latvia
Latvian (official) 58.2%, Russian 37.5%, Lithuanian and other
4.3% (2000 census)
Lebanon
Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian
Lesotho
Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa
Liberia
English 20% (official), some 20 ethnic group languages few
of which can be written or used in correspondence
Libya
Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the
major cities
Liechtenstein
German (official), Alemannic dialect
Lithuania
Lithuanian (official) 82%, Russian 8%, Polish 5.6%, other
and unspecified 4.4% (2001 census)
Luxembourg
Luxembourgish (national language), German (administrative
language), French (administrative language)
Macau
Cantonese 85.7%, Hokkien 4%, Mandarin 3.2%, other Chinese
dialects 2.7%, English 1.5%, Tagalog 1.3%, other 1.6% (2001 census)
Macedonia
Macedonian (official) 66.5%, Albanian (official) 25.1%,
Turkish 3.5%, Roma 1.9%, Serbian 1.2%, other 1.8% (2002 census)
Madagascar
French (official), Malagasy (official), English
Malawi
Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%,
Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other
3.6% (1998 census)
Malaysia
Bahasa Malaysia (official), English, Chinese (Cantonese,
Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan, Foochow), Tamil, Telugu,
Malayalam, Panjabi, Thai
note: in East Malaysia there are several indigenous languages; most
widely spoken are Iban and Kadazan
Maldives
Dhivehi (official) (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from
Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Mali
French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Malta
Maltese (official) 90.2%, English (official) 6%, multilingual
3%, other 0.8% (2005 census)
Marshall Islands
Marshallese (official) 98.2%, other languages 1.8%
(1999 census)
note: English (official), widely spoken as a second language
Mauritania
Arabic (official and national), Pulaar, Soninke, Wolof
(all national languages), French, Hassaniya
Mauritius
Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4%, English
(official; spoken by less than 1% of the population), other 3.7%,
unspecified 0.3% (2000 census)
Mayotte
Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language)
spoken by 35% of the population
Mexico
Spanish only 92.7%, Spanish and indigenous languages 5.7%,
indigenous only 0.8%, unspecified 0.8%; note - indigenous languages
include various Mayan, Nahuatl, and other regional languages (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of
English (official and common
language), Chuukese, Kosrean, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Ulithian, Woleaian,
Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi
Moldova
Moldovan (official, virtually the same as the Romanian
language), Russian, Gagauz (a Turkish dialect)
Monaco
French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
Mongolia
Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999)
Montenegro
Serbian 63.6%, Montenegrin (official) 22%, Bosnian 5.5%,
Albanian 5.3%, unspecified 3.7% (2003 census)
Montserrat
English
Morocco
Arabic (official), Berber dialects, French often the
language of business, government, and diplomacy
Mozambique
Emakhuwa 26.1%, Xichangana 11.3%, Portuguese 8.8%
(official; spoken by 27% of population as a second language), Elomwe
7.6%, Cisena 6.8%, Echuwabo 5.8%, other Mozambican languages 32%,
other foreign languages 0.3%, unspecified 1.3% (1997 census)
Namibia
English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of
the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%,
indigenous languages 1% (includes Oshivambo, Herero, Nama)
Nauru
Nauruan (official; a distinct Pacific Island language),
English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and
commercial purposes
Nepal
Nepali (official) 47.8%, Maithali 12.1%, Bhojpuri 7.4%, Tharu
(Dagaura/Rana) 5.8%, Tamang 5.1%, Newar 3.6%, Magar 3.3%, Awadhi
2.4%, other 10%, unspecified 2.5% (2001 census)
note: many in government and business also speak English (2001 est.)
Netherlands
Dutch (official), Frisian (official)
New Caledonia
French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
New Zealand
English 91.2% (official), Maori 3.9% (official), Samoan
2.1%, French 1.3%, Hindi 1.1%, Yue 1.1%, Northern Chinese 1%, other
12.9%, New Zealand Sign Language (official)
note: shares sum to 114.6% due to multiple responses on census (2006
Census)
Nicaragua
Spanish 97.5% (official), Miskito 1.7%, other 0.8% (1995
census)
note: English and indigenous languages on Atlantic coast
Niger
French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Nigeria
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over
500 additional indigenous languages
Niue
English (official), Niuean a Polynesian language closely
related to Tongan and Samoan; English
Norfolk Island
English (official), Norfolk - a mixture of 18th
century English and ancient Tahitian
Northern Mariana Islands
Philippine languages 24.4%, Chinese 23.4%,
Chamorro 22.4%, English 10.8%, other Pacific island languages 9.5%,
other 9.6% (2000 census)
Norway
Bokmal Norwegian (official), Nynorsk Norwegian (official),
small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities; note - Sami is official
in six municipalities
Oman
Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Urdu, Indian dialects
Pakistan
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%,
Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and most
government ministries), Burushaski, and other 8%
Palau
Palauan 64.7% official in all islands except Sonsoral
(Sonsoralese and English are official), Tobi (Tobi and English are
official), and Angaur (Angaur, Japanese, and English are official),
Filipino 13.5%, English 9.4%, Chinese 5.7%, Carolinian 1.5%,
Japanese 1.5%, other Asian 2.3%, other languages 1.5% (2000 census)
Panama
Spanish (official), English 14%; note - many Panamanians
bilingual
Papua New Guinea
Tok Pisin, English, and Hiri Motu are official
languages; some 860 indigenous languages spoken (over one-tenth of
the world's total)
note: Tok Pisin, a creole language, is widely used and understood;
English is spoken by 1%-2%; Hiri Motu is spoken by less than 2%
Paraguay
Spanish (official), Guarani (official)
Peru
Spanish 84.1% (official), Quechua 13% (official), Aymara 1.7%,
Ashaninka 0.3%, other native languages 0.7% (includes a large number
of minor Amazonian languages), other 0.2% (2007 Census)
Philippines
Filipino (official; based on Tagalog) and English
(official); eight major dialects - Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano,
Hiligaynon or Ilonggo, Bicol, Waray, Pampango, and Pangasinan
Pitcairn Islands
English (official), Pitkern (mixture of an 18th
century English dialect and a Tahitian dialect)
Poland
Polish (official) 97.8%, other and unspecified 2.2% (2002
census)
Portugal
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally
used)
Puerto Rico
Spanish, English
Qatar
Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Romania
Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy)
1.1%, other 1.2%
Russia
Russian (official), many minority languages
Rwanda
Kinyarwanda (official) universal Bantu vernacular, French
(official), English (official), Kiswahili (Swahili) used in
commercial centers
Saint Barthelemy
French (primary), English
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
English
Saint Kitts and Nevis
English (official)
Saint Lucia
English (official), French patois
Saint Martin
French (official language), English, Dutch, French
Patois, Spanish, Papiamento (dialect of Netherlands Antilles)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
French (official)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
English, French patois
Samoa
Samoan (Polynesian) (official), English
San Marino
Italian
Sao Tome and Principe
Portuguese (official)
Saudi Arabia
Arabic (official)
Senegal
French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Serbia
Serbian 88.3% (official), Hungarian 3.8%, Bosniak 1.8%,
Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 4.1%, unknown 0.9% (2002 census)
note: Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak, Ukrainian, and Croatian all
official in Vojvodina
Seychelles
Creole 91.8%, English 4.9% (official), other 3.1%,
unspecified 0.2% (2002 census)
Sierra Leone
English (official, regular use limited to literate
minority), Mende (principal vernacular in the south), Temne
(principal vernacular in the north), Krio (English-based Creole,
spoken by the descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled
in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10%
of the population but understood by 95%)
Singapore
Mandarin (official) 35%, English (official) 23%, Malay
(official) 14.1%, Hokkien 11.4%, Cantonese 5.7%, Teochew 4.9%, Tamil
(official) 3.2%, other Chinese dialects 1.8%, other 0.9% (2000
census)
Sint Maarten
English 67.5% (official), Spanish 12.9%, Creole 8.2%,
Dutch 4.2% (official), Papiamento 2.2% (a
Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect), French 1.5%, other 3.5%
(2001 census)
Slovakia
Slovak (official) 83.9%, Hungarian 10.7%, Roma 1.8%,
Ukrainian 1%, other or unspecified 2.6% (2001 census)
Slovenia
Slovenian (official) 91.1%, Serbo-Croatian 4.5%, other or
unspecified 4.4%, Italian (official) Only in municipalities where
Hungarian national communities reside, Hungarian (official) Only in
municipalities where Hungarian national communities reside (2002
census)
Solomon Islands
Melanesian pidgin in much of the country is lingua
franca; English (official but spoken by only 1%-2% of the
population); 120 indigenous languages
Somalia
Somali (official), Arabic, Italian, English
South Africa
IsiZulu (official) 23.8%, IsiXhosa (official) 17.6%,
Afrikaans (official) 13.3%, Sepedi (offcial) 9.4%, English
(official) 8.2%, Setswana (official) 8.2%, Sesotho (official) 7.9%,
Xitsonga (official) 4.4%, other 7.2%, isiNdebele (official),
Tshivenda (official), siSwati (official) (2001 census)
Spain
Castilian Spanish (official) 74%, Catalan 17%, Galician 7%,
Basque 2%, are official regionally
Sri Lanka
Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil
(national language) 18%, other 8%
note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken
competently by about 10% of the population
Sudan
Arabic (official), English (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie,
diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages
note: program of "Arabization" in process
Suriname
Dutch (official), English (widely spoken), Sranang Tongo
(Surinamese, sometimes called Taki-Taki, is native language of
Creoles and much of the younger population and is lingua franca
among others), Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Javanese
Svalbard
Norwegian, Russian
Swaziland
English (official, government business conducted in
English), siSwati (official)
Sweden
Swedish (official), small Sami- and Finnish-speaking
minorities
Switzerland
German (official) 63.7%, French (official) 20.4%,
Italian (official) 6.5%, Serbo-Croatian 1.5%, Albanian 1.3%,
Portuguese 1.2%, Spanish 1.1%, English 1%, Romansch (official) 0.5%,
other 2.8% (2000 census)
note: German, French, Italian, and Romansch are all national and
official languages
Syria
Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian
widely understood; French, English somewhat understood
Taiwan
Mandarin Chinese (official), Taiwanese (Min), Hakka dialects
Tajikistan
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and
business
Tanzania
Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguja (name for Swahili
in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce,
administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in
Zanzibar), many local languages
note: Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people
living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili
is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety
of sources including Arabic and English; it has become the lingua
franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most
people is one of the local languages
Thailand
Thai, English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and
regional dialects
Timor-Leste
Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian,
English
note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole,
Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Togo
French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina
(the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes
spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the
north)
Tokelau
Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Tonga
Tongan (official), English (official)
Trinidad and Tobago
English (official), Caribbean Hindustani (a
dialect of Hindi), French, Spanish, Chinese
Tunisia
Arabic (official and one of the languages of commerce),
French (commerce)
Turkey
Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages
Turkmenistan
Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Turks and Caicos Islands
English (official)
Tuvalu
Tuvaluan (official), English (official), Samoan, Kiribati (on
the island of Nui)
Uganda
English (official national language, taught in grade schools,
used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio
broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo
languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital
and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages,
Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Ukraine
Ukrainian (official) 67%, Russian 24%, other 9% (includes
small Romanian-, Polish-, and Hungarian-speaking minorities)
United Arab Emirates
Arabic (official), Persian, English, Hindi, Urdu
United Kingdom
English
note: the following are recognized regional languages: Scots (about
30% of the population of Scotland), Scottish Gaelic (about 60,000 in
Scotland), Welsh (about 20% of the population of Wales), Irish
(about 10% of the population of Northern Ireland), Cornish (some
2,000 to 3,000 in Cornwall)
United States
English 82.1%, Spanish 10.7%, other Indo-European
3.8%, Asian and Pacific island 2.7%, other 0.7% (2000 census)
note: Hawaiian is an official language in the state of Hawaii
Uruguay
Spanish (official), Portunol, Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish
mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Uzbekistan
Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other
7.1%
Vanuatu
local languages (more than 100) 72.6%, pidgin (known as
Bislama or Bichelama) 23.1%, English (official) 1.9%, French
(official) 1.4%, other 0.3%, unspecified 0.7% (1999 Census)
Venezuela
Spanish (official), numerous indigenous dialects
Vietnam
Vietnamese (official), English (increasingly favored as a
second language), some French, Chinese, and Khmer; mountain area
languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo-Polynesian)
Virgin Islands
English 74.7%, Spanish or Spanish Creole 16.8%,
French or French Creole 6.6%, other 1.9% (2000 census)
Wallis and Futuna
Wallisian 58.9% (indigenous Polynesian language),
Futunian 30.1%, French (official) 10.8%, other 0.2% (2003 census)
West Bank
Arabic, Hebrew (spoken by Israeli settlers and many
Palestinians), English (widely understood)
Western Sahara
Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
World
Mandarin Chinese 12.65%, Spanish 4.93%, English 4.91%, Arabic
3.31%, Hindi 2.73%, Bengali 2.71%, Portuguese 2.67%, Russian 2.16%,
Japanese 1.83%, Standard German 1.35%, Javanese 1.27% (2008 est.)
note: percents are for "first language" speakers only
Yemen
Arabic (official)