Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for
life by the monarch)
New Caledonia
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint
Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
New Zealand
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; High Court; note -
judges appointed by the governor general
Nicaragua
Supreme Court or Corte Suprema de Justicia (16 judges
elected for five-year terms by the National Assembly)
Niger
State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Nigeria
Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial
Council and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal
(judges are appointed by the federal government from a pool of
judges recommended by the National Judicial Council)
Niue
Supreme Court of New Zealand; High Court of Niue
Norfolk Island
Supreme Court; Court of Petty Sessions
Northern Mariana Islands
Commonwealth Supreme Court; Superior Court;
Federal District Court
Norway
Supreme Court or Hoyesterett (justices appointed by the
monarch)
Oman
Supreme Court
note: the nascent civil court system, administered by region, has
judges who practice secular and sharia law
Pakistan
Supreme Court (justices appointed by the president);
Federal Islamic or Sharia Court
Palau
Supreme Court; Court of Common Pleas; Land Court
Panama
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges appointed for 10-year terms); five superior courts; three
courts of appeal
Papua New Guinea
Supreme Court (the chief justice is appointed by
the governor general on the proposal of the National Executive
Council after consultation with the minister responsible for
justice; other judges are appointed by the Judicial and Legal
Services Commission)
Paraguay
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (nine
judges proposed by the Council of Magistrates or Consejo de la
Magistratura, and approved by the Senate and president)
Peru
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges
are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Philippines
Supreme Court (15 justices are appointed by the
president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and
serve until 70 years of age); Court of Appeals; Sandigan-bayan
(special court for hearing corruption cases of government officials)
Pitcairn Islands
Magistrate's Court; Supreme Court; Court of Appeal;
judicial officers are appointed by the governor
Poland
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president on the
recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary for an
indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges are chosen by
the Sejm for nine-year terms)
Portugal
Supreme Court (Supremo Tribunal de Justica); judges
appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura
Puerto Rico
Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance
composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court
(justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the
consent of the Senate)
Qatar
Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation; an
Administrative Court and a Constitutional Court were established in
2007; note - all judges are appointed by Amiri Decree based on the
recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council for renewable
three-year terms
Romania
Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges appointed
for three-year terms by the president in consultation with the
Superior Council of Magistrates, which is comprised of the minister
of justice, the prosecutor general, two civil society
representatives appointed by the Senate, and 14 judges and
prosecutors elected by their peers); a separate body, the
Constitutional Court, validates elections and makes decisions
regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, and
internal rules of the Parliament; it is comprised of nine members
serving nine-year terms, with three members each appointed by the
president, the Senate, and the Chamber of Deputies
Russia
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court; Supreme Arbitration
Court; judges for all courts are appointed for life by the
Federation Council on the recommendation of the president
Rwanda
Supreme Court; High Courts of the Republic; Provincial
Courts; District Courts; mediation committees
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
Supreme Court; Court
of Appeal
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consisting of
a Court of Appeal and a High Court; based on Saint Lucia; two judges
of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Kitts and Nevis); member of the
Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Saint Lucia
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (consists of a High
Court and a Court of Appeals; based on Saint Lucia; three judges of
the Supreme Court reside in Saint Lucia); member of the Caribbean
Court of Justice (CCJ)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal
Superieur d'Appel
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
(consisting of a High Court and Court of Appeals; based on Saint
Lucia; two judges of the Supreme Court reside in Saint Vincent and
the Grenadines)
Samoa
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; District Court; Land and
Titles Court
San Marino
Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII
Sao Tome and Principe
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the
National Assembly)
Saudi Arabia
Supreme Council of Justice
Senegal
Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final
Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals
Serbia
courts of general jurisdiction (municipal courts, district
courts, Appellate Courts, the Supreme Court of Cassation); courts of
special jurisdiction (commercial courts, the High Commercial Court,
the High Magistrates Court, the Administrative Court)
Seychelles
Court of Appeal; Supreme Court; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president
Sierra Leone
Supreme Court; Appeals Court; High Court
Singapore
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
with the advice of the prime minister, other judges are appointed by
the president with the advice of the chief justice); Court of Appeals
Sint Maarten
Common Court of Justice, Joint High Court of Justice
(judges appointed by the monarch)
Slovakia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Council);
Constitutional Court (judges appointed by president from group of
nominees approved by the National Council); Special Court (judges
elected by a council of judges and appointed by president)
Slovenia
Supreme Court (judges are elected by the National Assembly
on the recommendation of the Judicial Council); Constitutional Court
(judges elected for nine-year terms by the National Assembly and
nominated by the president)
Solomon Islands
Court of Appeal
Somalia
following the breakdown of the central government, most
regions have reverted to local forms of conflict resolution, either
secular, traditional Somali customary law, or sharia (Islamic) law
with a provision for appeal of all sentences
South Africa
Constitutional Court; Supreme Court of Appeals; High
Courts; Magistrate Courts
Spain
Supreme Court or Tribunal Supremo
Sri Lanka
Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts
are appointed by the president
Sudan
Constitutional Court of nine justices; National Supreme Court;
National Courts of Appeal; other national courts; National Judicial
Service Commission will undertake overall management of the National
Judiciary
Suriname
Cantonal Courts and a Court of Justice as an appellate
court (justices are nominated for life); member of the Caribbean
Court of Justice (CCJ)
Swaziland
High Court; Supreme Court; judges for both courts are
appointed by the monarch
Sweden
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by
the prime minister and the cabinet)
Switzerland
Federal Supreme Court (judges elected for six-year terms
by the Federal Assembly)
Syria
Supreme Judicial Council (appoints and dismisses judges;
headed by the president); national level - Supreme Constitutional
Court (adjudicates electoral disputes and rules on constitutionality
of laws and decrees; justices appointed for four-year terms by the
president); Court of Cassation; Appeals Courts (Appeals Courts
represent an intermediate level between the Court of Cassation and
local level courts); local level - Magistrate Courts; Courts of
First Instance; Juvenile Courts; Customs Courts; specialized courts
- Economic Security Courts (hear cases related to economic crimes);
Supreme State Security Court (hear cases related to national
security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear cases related to
marriage and divorce)
Taiwan
Judicial Yuan (justices appointed by the president with
consent of the Legislative Yuan)
Tajikistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Tanzania
Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court
of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court
(consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the
president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts;
Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the
higher courts)
Thailand
Constitutional Court, Supreme Court of Justice, and Supreme
Administrative Court; all judges are appointed by the king; the
king's appointments to the Constitutional Courtare made upon the
advice of the Senate; the nine Constitutional Court judges are drawn
from the Supreme Court of Justice and Supreme Administrative Court
as well as from among substantive experts in law and social sciences
outside the judiciary
Timor-Leste
Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one
judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by
Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is
established, Court of Appeals is highest court
Togo
Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Tokelau
Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal
jurisdiction in Tokelau
Tonga
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of
Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen
and approved by Privy Council)
Trinidad and Tobago
Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the
High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is
appointed by the president after consultation with the prime
minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are
appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal
Service Commission); the highest court of appeal is the Privy
Council in London; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ)
Tunisia
Court of Cassation or Cour de Cassation
Turkey
Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay);
Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military
High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court
Turkmenistan
Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Turks and Caicos Islands
Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Tuvalu
High Court (a chief justice visits twice a year to preside
over its sessions; its rulings can be appealed to the Court of
Appeal in Fiji); eight Island Courts (with limited jurisdiction)
Uganda
Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and
approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by
the president)
Ukraine
Supreme Court; Constitutional Court
United Arab Emirates
Union Supreme Court (judges are appointed by
the president)
United Kingdom
Supreme Court of the UK (established in October 2009
taking over appellate jurisdiction formerly vested in the House of
Lords); Senior Courts of England and Wales (comprising the Court of
Appeal, the High Court of Justice, and the Crown Courts); Court of
Judicature (Northern Ireland); Scotland's Court of Session and High
Court of the Justiciary
United States
Supreme Court (nine justices; nominated by the
president and confirmed with the advice and consent of the Senate;
appointed to serve for life); United States Courts of Appeal; United
States District Courts; State and County Courts
Uruguay
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Uzbekistan
Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and
confirmed by the Supreme Assembly)
Vanuatu
Supreme Court (chief justice is appointed by the president
after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the
opposition, three other justices are appointed by the president on
the advice of the Judicial Service Commission)
Venezuela
Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribunal Supremo de
Justicia (32 magistrates are elected by the National Assembly for a
single 12-year term)
Vietnam
Supreme People's Court (chief justice is elected by the
National Assembly on the recommendation of the president for a
five-year term)
Virgin Islands
US District Court of the Virgin Islands (under Third
Circuit jurisdiction); Superior Court of the Virgin Islands (judges
appointed by the governor for 10-year terms)
Wallis and Futuna
justice generally administered under French law by
the high administrator, but the three traditional kings administer
customary law and there is a magistrate in Mata-Utu; a court of
appeal is located in Noumea, New Caledonia
Yemen
Supreme Court
Zambia
Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are
appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction
to hear civil and criminal cases)
Zimbabwe
Supreme Court; High Court
======================================================================
@2095
Field Listing :: Labor force
This entry contains the total labor force figure.
Country Comparison to the World
Country
Labor force
Afghanistan
15 million (2004 est.)
Albania
1.1 million (2009 est.)
Algeria
9.877 million (2010 est.)
American Samoa
17,630 (2005)
Andorra
42,220 (2008)
Angola
7.977 million (2010 est.)
Anguilla
6,049 (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda
30,000 (1991)
Argentina
16.62 million
note: urban areas only (2010 est.)
Armenia
1.481 million (2007 est.)
Aruba
41,500 (2004 est.)
Australia
11.62 million (2010 est.)
Austria
3.63 million (2010 est.)
Azerbaijan
5.874 million (2010 est.)
Bahamas, The
184,000 (2009)
Bahrain
611,000
note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national
(2010 est.)
Bangladesh
73.87 million
note: extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Oman,
Qatar, and Malaysia; workers' remittances estimated at $10.9 billion
in 2009-10 (2010 est.)
Barbados
175,000 (2007 est.)
Belarus
5 million (2009)
Belgium
5.02 million (2010 est.)
Belize
120,500
note: shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel
(2008 est.)
Benin
3.662 million (2007 est.)
Bermuda
38,360 (2004)
Bhutan
299,900
note: major shortage of skilled labor (2008)
Bolivia
4.614 million (2010 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1.863 million (2007)
Botswana
685,300 formal sector employees (2007)
Brazil
103.6 million (2010 est.)
British Virgin Islands
12,770 (2004)
Brunei
188,800 (2008 est.)
Bulgaria
2.61 million (2010 est.)
Burkina Faso
6.668 million
note: a large part of the male labor force migrates annually to
neighboring countries for seasonal employment (2007)
Burma
31.68 million (2010 est.)
Burundi
4.245 million (2007)
Cambodia
8 million (2009 est.)
Cameroon
7.836 million (2010 est.)
Canada
18.59 million (2010 est.)
Cape Verde
196,100 (2007)
Cayman Islands
39,000
note: nearly 55% are non-nationals (2007)
Central African Republic
1.926 million (2007)
Chad
4.293 million (2007)
Chile
7.58 million (2010 est.)
China
819.5 million (2010 est.)
Christmas Island
NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
NA
Colombia
21.27 million (2010 est.)
Comoros
268,500 (2007 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the
23.53 million (2007 est.)
Congo, Republic of the
1.514 million (2007)
Cook Islands
6,820 (2001)
Costa Rica
2.17 million
note: this official estimate excludes Nicaraguans living in Costa
Rica (2010 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire
7.617 million (2010 est.)
Croatia
1.762 million (2010 est.)
Cuba
5.164 million
note: state sector 78%, non-state sector 22% (2010 est.)
Curacao
63,000 (2008 est.)
Cyprus
400,000 (2010 est.)
Czech Republic
5.37 million (2010 est.)
Denmark
2.82 million (2010 est.)
Djibouti
351,700 (2007)
Dominica
25,000 (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic
4.498 million (2010 est.)
Ecuador
4.59 million (urban) (2010 est.)
Egypt
26.1 million (2010 est.)
El Salvador
2.94 million (2010 est.)
Equatorial Guinea
195,200 NA (2007)
Eritrea
1.935 million NA (2007)
Estonia
688,000 (2010 est.)
Ethiopia
37.9 million (2007)
European Union
225.2 million (2010 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
1,724 (1996) (1996)
Faroe Islands
34,680 (November 2008)
Fiji
335,000 (2007 est.)
Finland
2.68 million (2010 est.)
France
28.21 million (2010 est.)
French Polynesia
116,000 (2007)
Gabon
712,000 (2010 est.)
Gambia, The
777,100 (2007)
Gaza Strip
339,000 (2009)
Georgia
1.918 million (2007 est.)
Germany
43.35 million (2010 est.)
Ghana
10.56 million (2010 est.)
Gibraltar
12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)
Greece
5.05 million (2010 est.)
Greenland
28,240 (January 2009)
Grenada
42,300 (1996)
Guam
82,950 (2007 est.)
Guatemala
4.26 million (2010 est.)
Guernsey
31,470 (March 2006)
Guinea
4.392 million (2007 est.)
Guinea-Bissau
632,700 (2007)
Guyana
333,900 (2007 est.)
Haiti
3.643 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2007)
Holy See (Vatican City)
NA
Honduras
3.394 million (2010 est.)
Hong Kong
3.7 million (2010 est.)
Hungary
4.17 million (2010 est.)
Iceland
188,000 (2010 est.)
India
478.3 million (2010 est.)
Indonesia
114.9 million (2010 est.)
Iran
25.7 million
note: shortage of skilled labor (2010 est.)
Iraq
8.5 million (2009 est.)
Ireland
2.18 million (2010 est.)
Isle of Man
39,690 (2001)
Israel
3.08 million (2010 est.)
Italy
25.05 million (2010 est.)
Jamaica
1.317 million (2010 est.)
Japan
65.64 million (2010 est.)
Jersey
53,560 (June 2006)
Jordan
1.719 million (2010 est.)
Kazakhstan
8.718 million (2010 est.)
Kenya
17.94 million (2010 est.)
Kiribati
7,870 economically active, not including subsistence
farmers (2001 est.)
Korea, North
12.2 million
note: estimates vary widely (2009 est.)
Korea, South
24.62 million (2010 est.)
Kosovo
NA (2009 est.)
Kuwait
2.154 million
note: non-Kuwaitis represent about 60% of the labor force (2010 est.)
Kyrgyzstan
2.344 million (2007)
Laos
3.65 million (2009 est.)
Latvia
1.178 million (2010 est.)
Lebanon
1.481 million
note: in addition, there are as many as 1 million foreign workers
(2007 est.)
Lesotho
854,600 (2007 est.)
Liberia
1.372 million (2007)
Libya
1.729 million (2010 est.)
Liechtenstein
32,440 of whom 16,200 commute from Austria,
Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (2008)
Lithuania
1.633 million (2010 est.)
Luxembourg
206,000 of whom 125,400 are foreign cross-border workers
commuting primarily from France, Belgium, and Germany (2010 est.)
Macau
322,000 (2009 est.)
Macedonia
942,000 (2010 est.)
Madagascar
9.504 million (2007)
Malawi
5.747 million (2007 est.)
Malaysia
11.62 million (2010 est.)
Maldives
144,000 (2009)
Mali
3.241 million (2007 est.)
Malta
174,000 (2009 est.)
Marshall Islands
14,680 (2000)
Mauritania
1.318 million (2007)
Mauritius
597,000 (2010 est.)
Mayotte
44,560 (2002)
Mexico
46.99 million (2010 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of
16,360 (2008)
Moldova
1.203 million (2010 est.)
Monaco
44,000
note: includes workers from all foreign countries (2005 est.)
Mongolia
1.068 million (2008)
Montenegro
259,100 (2004)
Montserrat
NA
Morocco
11.63 million (2010 est.)
Mozambique
9.87 million (2010 est.)
Namibia
729,000 (2010 est.)
Nepal
18 million
note: severe lack of skilled labor (2009 est.)
Netherlands
7.86 million (2010 est.)
New Caledonia
102,600 (2007)
New Zealand
2.32 million (2010 est.)
Nicaragua
2.343 million (2010 est.)
Niger
4.688 million (2007)
Nigeria
48.33 million (2010 est.)
Niue
663 (2001)
Norfolk Island
978 (2006)
Northern Mariana Islands
38,450 total indigenous labor force; 28,717
foreign workers (2005 est.)
Norway
2.59 million (2010 est.)
Oman
968,800
note: about 60% of the labor force is non-national (2007)
Pakistan
55.77 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use
of child labor (2010 est.)
Palau
9,777 (2005)
Panama
1.49 million
note: shortage of skilled labor, but an oversupply of unskilled
labor (2010 est.)
Papua New Guinea
3.809 million (2010 est.)
Paraguay
3.038 million (2010 est.)
Peru
10.58 million (2010 est.)
Philippines
38.91 million (2010 est.)
Pitcairn Islands
15 able-bodied men (2004)
Poland
17 million (2010 est.)
Portugal
5.57 million (2010 est.)
Puerto Rico
1.479 million (2007)
Qatar
1.254 million (2010 est.)
Romania
9.35 million (2010 est.)
Russia
75.55 million (2010 est.)
Rwanda
4.446 million (2007)
Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha
2,486
note: 1,200 work offshore (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis
18,170 (June 1995)
Saint Lucia
79,700 (2007)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
3,450 (2005)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
57,520 (2007 est.)
Samoa
66,270 (2007 est.)
San Marino
22,660 (2008)
Sao Tome and Principe
52,490 (2007)
Saudi Arabia
7.337 million
note: about 80% of the labor force is non-national (2010 est.)
Senegal
5.53 million (2010 est.)
Serbia
3.25 million (2010 est.)
Seychelles
39,560 (2006)
Sierra Leone
2.207 million (2007 est.)
Singapore
3.09 million (2010 est.)
Sint Maarten
23,200 (2008 est.)
Slovakia
2.673 million (2010 est.)
Slovenia
930,000 (2010 est.)
Solomon Islands
202,500 (2007)
Somalia
3.447 million (few skilled laborers) (2007)
South Africa
17.32 million economically active (2010 est.)
Spain
22.96 million (2010 est.)
Sri Lanka
8.1 million (2010 est.)
Sudan
11.92 million (2007 est.)
Suriname
165,600 (2007)
Svalbard
1,234 in Norwegian settlements (2003)
Swaziland
457,900 (2007)
Sweden
4.93 million (2010 est.)
Switzerland
4.13 million (2010 est.)
Syria
5.527 million (2010 est.)
Taiwan
11.03 million (2010 est.)
Tajikistan
2.1 million (2009)
Tanzania
21.86 million (2010 est.)
Thailand
38.7 million (2010 est.)
Timor-Leste
414,200 (2007)
Togo
2.595 million (2007)
Tokelau
440 (2001)
Tonga
39,960 (2007)
Trinidad and Tobago
631,000 (2010 est.)
Tunisia
3.83 million (2010 est.)
Turkey
24.73 million
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2010 est.)
Turkmenistan
2.3 million (2008 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands
4,848 (1990 est.)
Tuvalu
3,615 (2004 est.)
Uganda
15.51 million (2010 est.)
Ukraine
22.06 million (2010 est.)
United Arab Emirates
3.908 million
note: expatriates account for about 85% of the work force (2010 est.)
United Kingdom
31.45 million (2010 est.)
United States
153.9 million
note: includes unemployed (2010 est.)
Uruguay
1.637 million (2010 est.)
Uzbekistan
16 million (2010 est.)
Vanuatu
115,900 (2007)
Venezuela
13.3 million (2010 est.)
Vietnam
47.49 million (2010 est.)
Virgin Islands
49,820 (2007 est.)
Wallis and Futuna
3,104 (2003)
West Bank
694,000 (2009)
Western Sahara
144,000 (2005 est.)
World
3.232 billion (2010 est.)
Yemen
6.832 million (2010 est.)
Zambia
5.524 million (2010 est.)
Zimbabwe
3.848 million (2010 est.)
======================================================================
@2096
Field Listing :: Land boundaries
This entry contains the total length of all land boundaries and the
individual lengths for each of the contiguous border countries. When
available, official lengths published by national statistical
agencies are used. Because surveying methods may differ, country
border lengths reported by contiguous countries may differ.
Country
Land boundaries(km)
Afghanistan
total: 5,529 km
border countries: China 76 km, Iran 936 km, Pakistan 2,430 km,
Tajikistan 1,206 km, Turkmenistan 744 km, Uzbekistan 137 km
Akrotiri
total: 47.4 km
border countries: Cyprus 47.4 km