Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer
Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
the Niger enters the country in the northwest and flows southward
through tropical rain forests and swamps to its delta in the Gulf of
Guinea
People ::Nigeria
Population:
152,217,341
country comparison to the world: 8
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 41.5% (male 31,624,050/female 30,242,637)
15-64 years: 55.5% (male 42,240,641/female 40,566,672)
65 years and over: 3.1% (male 2,211,840/female 2,343,250) (2010 est.)
Median age:
total: 19.1 years
male: 19 years
female: 19.2 years (2010 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.966% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Birth rate:
36.07 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
Death rate:
16.31 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
Net migration rate:
-0.1 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 127
Urbanization:
urban population: 48% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 3.8% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 92.99 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 10
male: 98.94 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 86.69 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 47.24 years
country comparison to the world: 220
male: 46.46 years
female: 48.08 years (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate:
4.82 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
3.1% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
2.6 million (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
170,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea,
hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria and yellow fever
respiratory disease: meningococcal meningitis
aerosolized dust or soil contact disease: one of the most highly
endemic areas for Lassa fever
water contact disease: leptospirosis and shistosomiasis
animal contact disease: rabies
note: highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza has been identified in
this country; it poses a negligible risk with extremely rare cases
possible among US citizens who have close contact with birds (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Nigerian(s)
adjective: Nigerian
Ethnic groups:
Nigeria, Africa's most populous country, is composed of more than
250 ethnic groups; the following are the most populous and
politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo
(Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5%
Religions:
Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Languages:
English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani, over 500
additional indigenous languages
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 68%
male: 75.7%
female: 60.6% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 9 years
male: 10 years
female: 8 years (2005)
Education expenditures:
0.9% of GDP (1991)
country comparison to the world: 183
Government ::Nigeria
Country name:
conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria
conventional short form: Nigeria
Government type:
federal republic
Capital:
name: Abuja
geographic coordinates: 9 05 N, 7 32 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
36 states and 1 territory*; Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra,
Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo,
Ekiti, Enugu, Federal Capital Territory*, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa,
Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nassarawa, Niger,
Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara
Independence:
1 October 1960 (from the UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day (National Day), 1 October (1960)
Constitution:
adopted 5 May 1999; effective 29 May 1999
Legal system:
based on English common law, Islamic law (in 12 northern states),
and traditional law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with
reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010,
acting since 9 February 2010); note - the president is both the
chief of state and head of government; JONATHAN assumed the
presidency on 5 May 2010 following the death of President YAR'ADUA,
he was declared Acting President on 9 February 2010 by the National
Assembly during the extended illness of the former president
head of government: President Goodluck JONATHAN (since 5 May 2010,
acting since 9 February 2010)
cabinet: Federal Executive Council
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held on 21 April 2007
(next to be held on 22 January 2011)
election results: Umaru Musa YAR'ADUA elected president; percent of
vote - Umaru Musa YAR'ADUA 69.8%, Muhammadu BUHARI 18.7%, Atiku
ABUBAKAR 7.5%, Orji Uzor KALU 1.7%, other 2.3%
Legislative branch:
bicameral National Assembly consists of the Senate (109 seats, 3
from each state plus 1 from Abuja; members elected by popular vote
to serve four-year terms) and House of Representatives (360 seats;
members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: Senate - last held on 21 April 2007 (next to be held in
April 2011); House of Representatives - last held on 21 April 2007
(next to be held on 15 January 2011)
election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by
party - PDP 85, ANPP 16, AC 6, PPA 1, ACCORD 1; House of
Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDP 65.1%, ANPP 21.6%,
AC 8.8%, PPA 0.8%, LP 0.8%; seats by party - PDP 263, ANPP 63, AC
30, PPA 3, LP 1
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court (judges recommended by the National Judicial Council
and appointed by the president); Federal Court of Appeal (judges are
appointed by the federal government from a pool of judges
recommended by the National Judicial Council)
Political parties and leaders:
Accord Party [Augustine MAZIE, acting]; Action Congress or AC [Bisi
AKANDE]; All Nigeria Peoples Party or ANPP [Edwin UME-EZEOKE]; All
Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [Victor C. UMEH]; Alliance for
Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA]; Conference of Nigerian
Political Parities or CNPP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Democratic
Peoples Party or DPP [Jeremiah USENI]; Fresh Democratic Party [Chris
OKOTIE]; Labor Party [Dan NWANYANWU]; National Democratic Party or
NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Vincent
OGBULAFOR]; Peoples Progressive Alliance [Larry ESIN]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Academic Staff Union for Universities or ASUU; Campaign for
Democracy or CD; Civil Liberties Organization or CLO; Committee for
the Defense of Human Rights or CDHR; Constitutional Right Project or
CRP; Human Right Africa; National Association of Democratic Lawyers
or NADL; National Association of Nigerian Students or NANS; Nigerian
Bar Association or NBA; Nigerian Labor Congress or NLC; Nigerian
Medical Association or NMA; the press; Universal Defenders of
Democracy or UDD
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, D-8, ECOWAS, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF,
IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA,
MINURSO, MONUSCO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UN
Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Adebowale Ibidapo ADEFUYE
chancery: 3519 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 986-8400
FAX: [1] (202) 775-1385
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Robin R. SANDERS
embassy: 1075 Diplomatic Drive, Central District Area, Abuja
mailing address: P. O. Box 5760, Garki, Abuja
telephone: [234] (9) 461-4000
FAX: [234] (9) 461-4036
Flag description:
three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green;
the color green represents the forests and abundant natural wealth
of the country, white stands for peace and unity
National anthem:
name: "Arise Oh Compatriots, Nigeria's Call Obey"
lyrics/music: John A. ILECHUKWU, Eme Etim AKPAN, B. A. OGUNNAIKE,
Sotu OMOIGUI and P. O. ADERIBIGBE/Benedict Elide ODIASE
note: adopted 1978; the lyrics are a mixture of five of the top
entries in a national contest
Economy ::Nigeria
Economy - overview:
Oil-rich Nigeria has been hobbled by political instability,
corruption, inadequate infrastructure, and poor macroeconomic
management but in 2008 began pursuing economic reforms. Nigeria's
former military rulers failed to diversify the economy away from its
overdependence on the capital-intensive oil sector, which provides
95% of foreign exchange earnings and about 80% of budgetary
revenues. Following the signing of an IMF stand-by agreement in
August 2000, Nigeria received a debt-restructuring deal from the
Paris Club and a $1 billion credit from the IMF, both contingent on
economic reforms. Nigeria pulled out of its IMF program in April
2002, after failing to meet spending and exchange rate targets,
making it ineligible for additional debt forgiveness from the Paris
Club. In November 2005, Abuja won Paris Club approval for a
debt-relief deal that eliminated $18 billion of debt in exchange for
$12 billion in payments - a total package worth $30 billion of
Nigeria's total $37 billion external debt. Since 2008 the government
has begun to show the political will to implement the
market-oriented reforms urged by the IMF, such as modernizing the
banking system, curbing inflation by blocking excessive wage
demands, and resolving regional disputes over the distribution of
earnings from the oil industry. GDP rose strongly in 2007-10 because
of increased oil exports and high global crude prices in 2010.
President JONATHAN has pledged to continue the economic reforms of
his predecessor with emphasis on infrastructure improvements.
Infrastructure is the main impediment to growth and in August 2010
JONATHAN unveiled a power sector blueprint that includes
privatization of the state-run electricity generation and
distribution facilities. The government also is working toward
developing stronger public-private partnerships for roads. Nigeria's
financial sector was hurt by the global financial and economic
crises and the Central Bank governor has taken measures to
strengthen that sector.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$369.8 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
$346.2 billion (2009 est.)
$327.9 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$206.7 billion (2010 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6.8% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
5.6% (2009 est.)
6% (2008 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$2,400 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 182
$2,300 (2009 est.)
$2,200 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 31.9%
industry: 32.9%
services: 35.2% (2010 est.)
Labor force:
48.33 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: 70%
industry: 10%
services: 20% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
4.9% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Population below poverty line:
70% (2007 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2%
highest 10%: 32.4% (2004)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
43.7 (2003)
country comparison to the world: 46
50.6 (1997)
Investment (gross fixed):
11.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
Public debt:
13.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
11.8% of GDP (2009 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
13.9% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 218
11.5% (2009 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
6% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 49
9.75% (31 December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
18.36% (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
15.48% (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$40.41 billion (31 December 2010 est)
country comparison to the world: 47
$33.61 billion (31 December 2009 est)
Stock of broad money:
$91.97 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 54
$72.31 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$77.43 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$62.18 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$33.32 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 49
$49.8 billion (31 December 2008)
$86.35 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
cocoa, peanuts, cotton, palm oil, corn, rice, sorghum, millet,
cassava (tapioca), yams, rubber; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs; timber;
fish
Industries:
crude oil, coal, tin, columbite; rubber products, wood; hides and
skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food
products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel
Industrial production growth rate:
4% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
Electricity - production:
21.92 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
Electricity - consumption:
19.21 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 69
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
2.211 million bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Oil - consumption:
280,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Oil - exports:
2.327 million bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
Oil - imports:
170,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Oil - proved reserves:
37.5 billion bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Natural gas - production:
32.82 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
Natural gas - consumption:
12.28 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Natural gas - exports:
20.55 billion cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
Natural gas - proved reserves:
5.246 trillion cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 8
Current account balance:
$27.77 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
$22.89 billion (2009 est.)
Exports:
$76.33 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 39
$59.32 billion (2009 est.)
Exports - commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products 95%, cocoa, rubber
Exports - partners:
US 35.08%, India 10.43%, Brazil 9.32%, Spain 7.19%, France 4.65%
(2009)
Imports:
$34.18 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
$29.05 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery, chemicals, transport equipment, manufactured goods, food
and live animals
Imports - partners:
China 14.89%, US 8.88%, Netherlands 8.18%, South Korea 5.46%, UK
4.63%, France 4.19% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$43.36 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
$44.76 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Debt - external:
$11.02 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
$10.11 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
$67.23 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 47
$61.23 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
$6.071 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 57
$5.821 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Exchange rates:
nairas (NGN) per US dollar - 150.88 (2010), 148.84 (2009), 117.8
(2008), 127.46 (2007), 127.38 (2006)
Communications ::Nigeria
Telephones - main lines in use:
1.419 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 66
Telephones - mobile cellular:
73.099 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 16
Telephone system:
general assessment: further expansion and modernization of the
fixed-line telephone network is needed; network quality remains a
problem
domestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002
resulted in faster growth but subscribership remains only about 1
per 100 persons; mobile-cellular services growing rapidly, in part
responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; multiple
cellular providers operate nationally with subscribership reaching
50 per 100 persons in 2009
international: country code - 234; landing point for the SAT-3/WASC
fiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe and
Asia; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1
Indian Ocean) (2009)
Broadcast media:
nearly 70 federal-government-controlled national and regional TV
stations; all 36 states operate TV stations; several private TV
stations operational; cable and satellite TV subscription services
are available; network of federal-government-controlled national,
regional, and state radio stations; roughly 40
state-government-owned radio stations typically carry their own
programs except for news broadcasts; about 20 private radio stations
also operate; transmissions of international broadcasters are
available (2007)
Internet country code:
.ng
Internet hosts:
1,378 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 163
Internet users:
43.989 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 9
Transportation ::Nigeria
Airports:
54 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 86
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 38
over 3,047 m: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 3 (2010)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 2 (2010)
Heliports:
4 (2010)
Pipelines:
condensate 26 km; gas 2,565 km; liquid petroleum gas 97 km; oil
3,424 km; refined products 4,090 km (2009)
Railways:
total: 3,505 km
country comparison to the world: 49
narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2008)
Roadways:
total: 193,200 km
country comparison to the world: 26
paved: 28,980 km
unpaved: 164,220 km (2004)
Waterways:
8,600 km (Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks)
(2009)
country comparison to the world: 15
Merchant marine:
total: 98
country comparison to the world: 51
by type: cargo 4, chemical tanker 30, liquefied gas 2,
passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 60, specialized tanker 1
foreign-owned: 4 (India 1, Spain 1, UK 2)
registered in other countries: 37 (Bahamas 2, Belize 2, Bermuda 11,
Comoros 1, Italy 1, Liberia 4, Malaysia 1, Malta 1, North Korea 1,
Panama 7, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Seychelles 1, unknown
4) (2010)
Ports and terminals:
Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos
Transportation - note:
the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and
offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea as high risk
for piracy and armed robbery against ships; numerous commercial
vessels have been attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while
underway; crews have been robbed and stores or cargoes stolen
Military ::Nigeria
Military branches:
Nigerian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 36,203,921
females age 16-49: 34,409,821 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 20,298,351
females age 16-49: 19,355,456 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 1,731,734
female: 1,652,632 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
1.5% of GDP (2006)
country comparison to the world: 101
Transnational Issues ::Nigeria
Disputes - international:
Joint Border Commission with Cameroon reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on
the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including
June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately cedes sovereignty of
the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a phase-out of Nigerian
control within two years while resolving patriation issues; the ICJ
ruled on an equidistance settlement of Cameroon-Equatorial
Guinea-Nigeria maritime boundary in the Gulf of Guinea, but
imprecisely defined coordinates in the ICJ decision and a
sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an
island at the mouth of the Ntem River all contribute to the delay in
implementation; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad
Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty which also
includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 5,778 (Liberia)
IDPs: undetermined (communal violence between Christians and Muslims
since President OBASANJO's election in 1999; displacement is mostly
short-term) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East
Asian, and North American markets; consumer of amphetamines; safe
haven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major
money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity;
Nigeria has improved some anti-money-laundering controls, resulting
in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's)
Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in June 2006;
Nigeria's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by
FATF
page last updated on January 24, 2011
======================================================================
@Niue (Australia-Oceania)
Introduction ::Niue
Background:
Niue's remoteness, as well as cultural and linguistic differences
between its Polynesian inhabitants and those of the rest of the Cook
Islands, have caused it to be separately administered. The
population of the island continues to drop (from a peak of 5,200 in
1966 to an estimated 1,398 in 2009) with substantial emigration to
New Zealand 2,400 km to the southwest.
Geography ::Niue
Location:
Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Geographic coordinates:
19 02 S, 169 52 W
Map references:
Oceania
Area:
total: 260 sq km
country comparison to the world: 212
land: 260 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative:
1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Land boundaries:
0 km
Coastline:
64 km
Maritime claims:
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate:
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Terrain:
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed elevation near Mutalau settlement 68 m
Natural resources:
fish, arable land
Land use:
arable land: 11.54%
permanent crops: 15.38%
other: 73.08% (2005)
Irrigated land:
NA
Natural hazards:
typhoons
Environment - current issues: