$10.09 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
$10.01 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$NA
Agriculture - products:
wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables; livestock
Industries:
steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle
assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and
aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining
Industrial production growth rate:
3.3% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 94
Electricity - production:
14.58 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
Electricity - consumption:
11.62 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
Electricity - exports:
6.024 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - imports:
3.04 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 203
Oil - consumption:
30,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
Oil - exports:
192 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
Oil - imports:
25,990 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 103
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
Natural gas - consumption:
310 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 52
Natural gas - imports:
310 million cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
Current account balance:
-$887 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 131
-$1.283 billion (2009 est.)
Exports:
$4.787 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 109
$4.057 billion (2009 est.)
Exports - commodities:
metals, clothing, wood products
Exports - partners:
Croatia 19.07%, Slovenia 18.58%, Italy 16.87%, Germany 13.38%,
Austria 10.25% (2009)
Imports:
$9.403 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$8.788 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs
Imports - partners:
Croatia 22.17%, Germany 14.04%, Slovenia 13.45%, Italy 11.89%,
Austria 6.61%, Hungary 5.74% (2009)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$2.8 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
$3.245 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Debt - external:
$7.996 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
$8.048 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Exchange rates:
konvertibilna markas (BAM) per US dollar - 1.5088 (2010), 1.4079
(2009), 1.3083 (2008), 1.4419 (2007), 1.5576 (2006)
Communications ::Bosnia and Herzegovina
Telephones - main lines in use:
998,600 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 78
Telephones - mobile cellular:
3.257 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 110
Telephone system:
general assessment: post-war reconstruction of the
telecommunications network, aided by a internationally sponsored
program under EBRD, resulting in sharp increases in the number of
fixed telephone lines available
domestic: fixed-line teledensity roughly 22 per 100 persons;
mobile-cellular subscribership has been increasing rapidly and, in
2009, reached 70 telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations (2009)
Broadcast media:
3 public TV broadcasters: Radio and TV of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Federation TV (operating 2 networks), and Serb Republic Radio-TV; a
local commercial network of 5 TV stations; 2 private, near-national
TV stations and dozens of small independent TV stations
broadcasting; 3 large public radio broadcasters and a large number
of private radio stations (2007)
Internet country code:
.ba
Internet hosts:
95,234 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 79
Internet users:
1.422 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 85
Transportation ::Bosnia and Herzegovina
Airports:
25 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 129
Airports - with paved runways:
total: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 4
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 2 (2010)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
total: 18
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 6
under 914 m: 11 (2010)
Heliports:
5 (2010)
Railways:
total: 1,000 km
country comparison to the world: 89
standard gauge: 1,000 km 1.435-m gauge (590 km electrified) (2008)
Roadways:
total: 21,846 km
country comparison to the world: 107
paved: 11,425 km (4,714 km of interurban roads)
unpaved: 10,421 km (2006)
Waterways:
Sava River (northern border) open to shipping but use limited (2009)
Ports and terminals:
Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all
inland waterway ports on the Sava River), Orasje
Military ::Bosnia and Herzegovina
Military branches:
Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina (AFBiH): Army of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Air and Air Defense Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Zrakoplovstvo i Protuzracna Obrana, ZPO) (2010)
Military service age and obligation:
18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription
abolished in January 2006; 4-month service obligation; mandatory
retirement at age 35 or after 15 years of service (2010)
Manpower available for military service:
males age 16-49: 1,194,832
females age 16-49: 1,156,698 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
males age 16-49: 980,425
females age 16-49: 948,791 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
male: 26,134
female: 24,518 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:
4.5% of GDP (2005 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
Transnational Issues ::Bosnia and Herzegovina
Disputes - international:
sections along the Drina River remain in dispute between Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Serbia; discussions continue with Croatia on several
small disputed sections of the boundary related to maritime access
that hinder final ratification of the 1999 border agreement
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
refugees (country of origin): 7,269 (Croatia)
IDPs: 131,600 (Bosnian Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks displaced in
1992-95 war) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
increasingly a transit point for heroin being trafficked to Western
Europe; minor transit point for marijuana; remains highly vulnerable
to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and
unregulated economy, weak law enforcement, and instances of
corruption
page last updated on January 20, 2011
======================================================================
@Botswana (Africa)
Introduction ::Botswana
Background:
Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted
its new name upon independence in 1966. Four decades of
uninterrupted civilian leadership, progressive social policies, and
significant capital investment have created one of the most dynamic
economies in Africa. Mineral extraction, principally diamond mining,
dominates economic activity, though tourism is a growing sector due
to the country's conservation practices and extensive nature
preserves. Botswana has one of the world's highest known rates of
HIV/AIDS infection, but also one of Africa's most progressive and
comprehensive programs for dealing with the disease.
Geography ::Botswana
Location:
Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Geographic coordinates:
22 00 S, 24 00 E
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total: 581,730 sq km
country comparison to the world: 47
land: 566,730 sq km
water: 15,000 sq km
Area - comparative:
slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
total: 4,013 km
border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe
813 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none (landlocked)
Climate:
semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Terrain:
predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in
southwest
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m
highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m
Natural resources:
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore,
silver
Land use:
arable land: 0.65%
permanent crops: 0.01%
other: 99.34% (2005)
Irrigated land:
10 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
14.7 cu km (2001)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
total: 0.19 cu km/yr (41%/18%/41%)
per capita: 107 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west,
carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure
visibility
Environment - current issues:
overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto
Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law
of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country
People ::Botswana
Population:
2,029,307
country comparison to the world: 144
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the
effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower
life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower
population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of
population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July
2010 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years: 34.8% (male 352,399/female 340,058)
15-64 years: 61.4% (male 613,714/female 608,003)
65 years and over: 3.9% (male 31,155/female 45,547) (2010 est.)
Median age:
total: 22 years
male: 21.8 years
female: 22.1 years (2010 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.843% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Birth rate:
22.54 births/1,000 population (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Death rate:
9.02 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
Net migration rate:
4.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population
country comparison to the world: 17
note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa
and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2010 est.)
Urbanization:
urban population: 60% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 2.5% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2010 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
total: 11.79 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 143
male: 12.51 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 11.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2010 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population: 60.93 years
country comparison to the world: 183
male: 61.11 years
female: 60.75 years (2010 est.)
Total fertility rate:
2.54 children born/woman (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 85
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
23.9% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 2
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
300,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
11,000 (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 28
Major infectious diseases:
degree of risk: high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and
typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: malaria (2009)
Nationality:
noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Ethnic groups:
Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including
Kgalagadi and white 7%
Religions:
Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6%
(2001 census)
Languages:
Setswana 78.2%, Kalanga 7.9%, Sekgalagadi 2.8%, English 2.1%
(official), other 8.6%, unspecified 0.4% (2001 census)
Literacy:
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 81.2%
male: 80.4%
female: 81.8% (2003 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
total: 12 years
male: 12 years
female: 12 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
8.1% of GDP (2007)
country comparison to the world: 10
Government ::Botswana
Country name:
conventional long form: Republic of Botswana
conventional short form: Botswana
local long form: Republic of Botswana
local short form: Botswana
former: Bechuanaland
Government type:
parliamentary republic
Capital:
name: Gaborone
geographic coordinates: 24 45 S, 25 55 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
9 districts and 5 town councils*; Central, Francistown*, Gaborone*,
Ghanzi, Jwaneng*, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Northeast,
Northwest, Selebi-Pikwe*, Southeast, Southern
Independence:
30 September 1966 (from the UK)
National holiday:
Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)
Constitution:
March 1965; effective 30 September 1966
Legal system:
based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review
limited to matters of interpretation; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April
2008); Vice President Mompati MERAFHE (since 1 April 2008); note -
the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA (since 1 April
2008); Vice President Mompati MERAFHE (since 1 April 2008)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website )
elections: president indirectly elected for a five-year term
(eligible for a second term); election last held on 20 October 2009
(next to be held in October 2014); vice president appointed by the
president
election results: Seretse Khama Ian KHAMA elected president; percent
of National Assembly vote - NA%
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely
advisory 15-member body with 8 ex-officio members consisting of the
chiefs of the principal tribes, and 7 non-permanent members serving
5-year terms, consisting of 4 elected subchiefs and 3 members
selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (63
seats; 57 members directly elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by
the majority party, and 2, the President and Attorney General, serve
as ex-officio members; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly elections last held on 16 October 2009
(next to be held in 2014)
election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 53.3%, BNF 21.9%,
BCP 19.2%, 2.3%, other 4.3%; seats by party - BDP 45, BNF 6, BCP 4,
BAM 1, other 1
Judicial branch:
High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each
district)
Political parties and leaders:
Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO];
Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Gilson SALESHANDO]; Botswana
Democratic Party or BDP [Daniel KWELAGOBE]; Botswana National Front
or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Peoples Party or BPP [Bernard
BALIKANI]; MELS Movement of Botswana or MELS [Themba JOINA]; New
Democratic Front or NDF [Dick BAYFORD]
note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the
BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats - includes the
United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]; the Independence
Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO]; the Botswana Progressive Union
[D. K. KWELE]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
First People of the Kalahari (Bushman organization); Pitso Ya Ba
Tswana; Society for the Promotion of Ikalanga Language (Kalanga
elites)
other: diamond mining companies
International organization participation:
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU,
ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO,
UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Lapologang Caesar LEKOA
chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990
FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164
Diplomatic representation from the US:
chief of mission: Ambassador Stephen J. NOLAN
embassy: Embassy Enclave (off Khama Crescent), Gaborone
mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone
telephone: [267] 395-3982
FAX: [267] 395-6947
Flag description:
light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center;
the blue symbolizes water in the form of rain, while the black and
white bands represent racial harmony
National anthem:
name: "Fatshe leno la rona" (Our Land)
lyrics/music: Kgalemang Tumedisco MOTSETE
note: adopted 1966
Economy ::Botswana
Economy - overview:
Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest economic growth
rates since independence in 1966, though growth fell below 5% in
2007-08, and turned sharply negative in 2009, with industry falling
nearly 30%. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana
transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to
a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $13,100 in 2010.
Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk
in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of the expansion and
currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP, 70-80% of export
earnings, and about half of the government's revenues. Botswana's
heavy reliance on a single luxury export was a critical factor in
the sharp economic contraction of 2009. Tourism, financial services,
subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors.
Although unemployment was 7.5% in 2007 according to official
reports, unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. The prevalence
of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens Botswana's
impressive economic gains. An expected leveling off in diamond
mining production within the next two decades overshadows long-term
prospects.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$26.56 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$25.76 billion (2009 est.)
$27.23 billion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
$12.5 billion (2010 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
3.1% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
-5.4% (2009 est.)
2.9% (2008 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
$13,100 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 88
$12,900 (2009 est.)
$13,900 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 2.3%
industry: 45.8%
services: 51.9% (2009 est.)
Labor force:
685,300 formal sector employees (2007)
country comparison to the world: 151
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA%
Unemployment rate:
7.5% (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
Population below poverty line:
30.3% (2003)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
63 (1993)
country comparison to the world: 4
Investment (gross fixed):
28.2% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
Public debt:
22.6% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 106
18.6% of GDP (2009 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
7.1% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 179
8.1% (2009 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
10% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 19
15% (31 December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
13.76% (31 December 2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
16.54% (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of narrow money:
$1.146 billion (31 December 2010 est)
country comparison to the world: 136
$939.1 million (31 December 2009 est)
Stock of broad money:
$6.679 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 113
$5.357 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:
$1.361 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 139
$2.06 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
$3.991 billion (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 86
$3.556 billion (31 December 2008)
$5.887 billion (31 December 2007)
Agriculture - products:
livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts
Industries:
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore,
silver; livestock processing; textiles
Industrial production growth rate:
6.9% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
Electricity - production:
1.052 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 143
Electricity - consumption:
2.648 billion kWh (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
Electricity - exports:
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
2.181 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
0 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 119
Oil - consumption:
15,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Oil - exports:
0 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 207
Oil - imports:
15,180 bbl/day (2007 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
Oil - proved reserves:
0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 198
Natural gas - production:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 201
Natural gas - consumption:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 114
Natural gas - exports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
Natural gas - imports:
0 cu m (2008 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
Natural gas - proved reserves:
0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 199
Current account balance:
-$552 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
-$762 million (2009 est.)
Exports:
$4.419 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$3.385 billion (2009 est.)
Exports - commodities:
diamonds, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles
Imports:
$4.518 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
$4.243 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities:
foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment,
textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products,
metal and metal products
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
$7.834 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 58
$8.704 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Debt - external:
$2.222 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
$1.681 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Exchange rates:
pulas (BWP) per US dollar - 6.7413 (2010), 7.1602 (2009), 6.7907
(2008), 6.2035 (2007), 5.8447 (2006)
Communications ::Botswana
Telephones - main lines in use:
144,200 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 133
Telephones - mobile cellular:
1.874 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 136
Telephone system:
general assessment: Botswana is participating in regional
development efforts; expanding fully digital system with fiber-optic
cables linking the major population centers in the east as well as a
system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relays links, and
radiotelephone communication stations
domestic: fixed-line teledensity has declined in recent years and
now stands at roughly 7 telephones per 100 persons; mobile-cellular
subscribership is rapidly approaching a teledensity of 100
telephones per 100 persons
international: country code - 267; international calls are made via
satellite, using international direct dialing; 2 international
exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia,
Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat
(Indian Ocean) (2008)
Broadcast media:
2 TV stations - 1 state-owned and 1 privately-owned; privately-owned
satellite TV subscription service is available; 2 state-owned
national radio stations; 3 privately-owned radio stations broadcast
locally (2007)