=Pter-o-sau´ri-a= [Gr. _pteron_, wing; _sauros_, lizard.]
=Pti-lo´pus cinc´tus.=
=Pu´pa=, pl. =pupæ= [Lat. doll, girl, f. of _pupus_, boy.] The third
stage of those insects that undergo a complete metamorphosis. Pupæ are
often surrounded by protective envelopes called cocoons.
=Quad-ru´la sym-met´ri-ca.=
=Qua-ter´na-ry= [Lat. _quaternarius_, consisting of four.]
=Ra-ti´tæ= [Lat. _ratis_, raft.] A group of birds whose sternum is
without a keel; aborted wings. Including ostriches, emus, moas, rheas,
etc.
=Rhi-noc´e-ros= [Gr. _rhis_, nose; _keras_, horn.]
=Rhi-zop´o-da= [Gr. _rhiza_, root; _pous_, foot.]
=Ro-den´ti-a= [Lat. _rodo_, gnaw.]
=Ro-ta´li-a Frey´er-i= [Lat. _rota_, wheel; Freyer.]
=Ro-ta-to´ri-a= [Lat. _rota_, wheel.]
=Ro´ti-fer= [Lat. _rota_, wheel; _fero_, bear.]
=Ru´mi-nant= [Lat. _ruminans_, ruminate.]
=Sai´tis pu´lex.=
=Saur-u´ræ= [Gr. _sauros_, lizard; _oura_, tail.] Jurassic birds having
lizard-like tails with distichous feathers, as Archæopterygidæ.
=Sca-phop´o-da= [Gr. _skaphos_, bowl, skiff; _pous_, foot.] A division of
molluscs.
=Sep´al= [Lat. _separ_, separate.] One of the individual leaves of a
calyx.
=Si-lu´ri-an= [Silures, ancient Celts in Wales.]
=Sim´i-a= [Lat. _simia_, ape.] A genus typical of Simiidæ and now
restricted to the orang.
=Si-mi´i-dæ= [Lat. _simia_, ape.] A family of Old World Anthropoidea.
=Sim-i-i´næ= [Lat. _simia_, ape.] A subfamily of Simiidæ with robust form
and molars tuberculated as in man and no ischial tuberosities, including
Chimpanzees, Gorillas, and Orangs.
=Si´nus veno´sus= [Lat.] Venous cavity. (1) In higher vertebrates the
main part of the auricular cavity. (2) In the lower vertebrates, a
dilitation at the termination of venous channels, forming a separate
chamber.
=Si-re´ni-a= [Lat. _siren_, siren.]
=Snags= [Norw. _snag_, a projecting point.] A branch on the antler of a
deer.
=So-mat´ic= [Gr. _soma_, body.] Pertaining to the body.
=So-ma-to-ge-net´ic= [Gr. _soma_, body; _genesis_, generation, origin.]
Originating in the body or soma through external influences.
=Sper-ma-to-zo´id= [Gr. _sperma_, seed, semen; _zoon_, animal.] Male
germ-cell; male, flagellate, (“ciliated”) sexual cell. At one time
supposed to be minute parasites in the semen, hence often called
_spermatozooa_.
=Sphinx fu-ci-form´is.=
=Spon´gi-o-plasm= [Gr. _spongion_, little sponge; _plasso_, form.]
=Steg-o-ceph´ala= [Gr. _stego_, cover; _kepale_, head.] Another name for
Labyrinthodonts.
=Sty-lo-nych´i-a.=
=Su-pra-œ-soph-ag´e-al= [Lat. _supra_, above; œsophagus.]
=Tar´si-us= [Gr. _tarsos_, any flat surface.]
=Tax-o-nom´ic= [Gr. _taxis_, orderly arrangement; _nemein_, distribute.]
Pertaining to systematic classification.
=Tel-e-os´to-mi= [Gr. _teleos_, perfect; _stoma_, mouth.] A division of
fishes with well-developed dentary and maxillary and membrane bones;
includes all fishes except Elasmobranchii and lower forms.
=Tel´e-osts= [Gr. _teleos_, perfect; _osteon_, bone.] A subdivision
of Teleostomi that includes most fishes; decussation of optic nerves;
non-contractile arterial bulb.
=Ter´ti-a-ry= [Lat. _tertius_, third.]
=Tet´ra-o cu´pi-do= [Lat. _tetrao_, pheasant; _Cupido_, the God of Love.]
=Thal-am-en-ceph´a-lon= [Gr. _thalamos_, chamber; _enkephalos_, brain.] A
fundamental segment of the brain.
=Thal´a-mi= [Gr. _thalamos_, chamber.] The lateral boundaries of the
thalamencephalon.
=Thal´loph´y-ta= [Gr. _thallos_, young branch; _phyton_, plant.]
=The-ro-mor´pha= [Gr. _ther_, beast; _morphe_, form.]
=Tho-mi´sus cit´re-us.=
=Ti-mor´.=
=Top´knots.= Crests or tufts of feathers growing on the heads of birds.
=Toxalbu´min= [Gr. _toxikon_, poison; _albumin_, < Lat. _albus_, white.]
=Tri-as´sic= [Gr. _trias_, three.]
=Tri´lo-bites= [Gr. _treis_, three; _lobos_, lobe.]
=Tu-ni-ca´ta= [Lat. _tunica_, tunic.] A class of Chordata called
Sca-squirts or Ascidians.
=Tynes= [AS. _tind_, prong.] The spike or prong of an antler.
=Un-gu-la´ta= [Lat. _unguis_, nail.] The order of hoofed mammals.
=U-ro-de´la= [Gr. _oura_, tail; _delos_, manifest.] The tailed Amphibians.
=U´te-rus= [Lat. _uterus_, womb.] The organ of a female animal in which
the young are protected and developed before birth.
=Vac´u-ole= [Lat. _vacuus_, empty.] The little cavities in cells
containing watery solutions.
=Ves´i-cle= [Lat. _vesicula_, little bladder.] Synonymous with vacuoles.
=Ve´na ca´va= [Lat.] _Hollow vein._ Either of the two great veins that
empty into the right auricle of the heart.
=Ven´tri-cles= [Lat. _ventriculus_, little belly.] One of the cavities of
the heart or brain.
=Ven´tral= [Lat. _venter_, belly.] Applied to the front (under) side of
the body.
=Ver´mes= [Lat. _vermis_, worm.]
=Ver-te-bra´ta= [Lat. _vertebratus_, jointed.]
=Ver´te-brate= [Lat. _vertebratus_, jointed.]
=Vi-vip´a-rous= [Lat. _vivus_, alive; _pario_, bear.] Applied to animals
which bring forth their young alive.
=Vis´ce-ra= [Lat. _viscera_, organs.] The internal organs of the body.
=Vol´vox glo-ba´tor= [Lat. _volvo_, roll; _globatus_, made into a ball.]
=Wat´tles= [AS. _watel_, hurdle.] Fleshy, naked processes depending from
the neck or head of a bird.
FOOTNOTES.
[1] One cubic millimeter of human blood alone, not to mention other
tissues of the body, contains over five million cells.
[2] Except in the maturation of _ova_ and _spermatozoids_.
[3] Bradford.
[4] Bradford.
[5] Socially, morally, and religiously.
[6] Lyell.
[7] Readers not familiar with Elementary Zoölogy will do well to consult
the Classification of Animals in Section VII.; and also the Diagram of
Development.
[8] Wallace.
[9] Belt.
[10] Wallace.
[11] Wallace.
[12] Wallace.
[13] Darwin.
[14] Darwin.
[15] Lloyd Morgan.
[16] Clodd.
[17] “Feelings and motions run parallel to each other, and where we do
not meet with actual feelings we suppose the presence of the elements of
feeling. But this parallelism would be most wonderful indeed if it were
a true parallelism consisting of two different and distinct lines. The
simplest conception of the case is the monistic view, which considers
the parallelism as an identity. Both motion and feeling are abstract
conceptions. A motion exists of itself no more than a feeling. The
reality from which the ideas motion and feeling have been abstracted is
one inseparable whole, which if viewed as an objective process appears
as motion, and if viewed from the subjective side appears as feeling.
Feelings can only be felt, not seen; but if we _could_ see them, we might
observe the elements of feeling wherever motion takes place.
“Fechner seems to have hit the mark, when he compared feeling and
motion to the inside and the outside curves of a circle; they are
entirely different and yet the same. The inside curve is concave,
the outside curve is convex. If we construct rules relating first to
the concave inside and then to the convex outside, we shall notice a
parallelism in the formulas; yet this parallelism will appear only in
the abstractions which have been made of one and the same thing from a
different aspect. It results from making two different abstractions. The
abstract conceptions form two parallel systems, but the real thing can be
represented as parallel only in the sense that it is parallel to itself;
it is the parallelism of identity. There is but one line and this one
line is concave if viewed from the inside, if viewed from the outside
convex.” Dr. Carus in “The Soul of Man,” p. 20.
[18] Central Soul (Dr. Carus).
[19] Clifford.
[20] It is more scientific to say a _Cosmic Soul immanent_ in the Cosmos.
“God, as I conceive him to be, is not less than a person, but more than a
person.” Dr. Paul Carus.
[21] Fiske.
[22] Fiske.
[23] “Religion is the conception by man of his relation to the infinite
universe and its source; and morality is the ever present guide of life
proceeding only from this relation.” Tolstoi.
[24] Fiske.
[25] Society also utterly ignores the rights of unborn children in
permitting the constant marriages of men and women having constitutions
tainted with hereditary diseases, as insanity, syphilis, tuberculosis,
etc.
[26] In Dipnoi, which are fishes with Amphibian characters, the paired
fins have each a central segmented axis which bears on each side a series
of radial pieces. The air bladder is a true lung, and is frequently used
as such. The heart shows indications of becoming three chambered (two
auricles and one ventricle). The left auricle contains arterial blood
from the lungs. There is an inferior vena cava. The nasal sacs open
posteriorly into the mouth.
INDEX.
Achromatin, 6.
Acquired Characters, 65, 71, 72, 76.
Actinozoa, 232.
Age, of Amphibians, 105.
Age, of Fishes, 101.
Age, of Mammals, 111.
Age, of Man, 114.
Age, of Molluscs, 98, 100.
Age, of Reptiles, 110.
Air-bladder, 236.
Allantois, 238.
Altruism, 223, 225.
Amblypoda, 111.
Amblystoma, 62, 63.
America, Central, 141.
America, South, 83, 145, 146.
America, North, development of, 85.
America, Archæan, 85.
America, Cretaceous, 87.
America, Tertiary, 88, 89.
America, tropical, 146, 147, 149.
Amia, 236, 237.
Amitosis, 28.
Ammonites, 100, 108.
Amnion, 238.
Amœba proteus, 10, 35, 230.
Amphibia, 96, 102, 103, 104, 105, 235, 238.
Amphibia, of snake-like form, 103.
Amphibia, generalized, 107.
Amphimixis, 46.
Amphineura, 234.
Amphioxus, 235.
Anaptomorphus, 111.
Ancon sheep, 49.
Angiospermæ, 245.
Animals, backboned, 96, 101, 103, 152.
Animals, birth rate of, 123.
Animals, coloration of, 126, 127.
Animals, death rate of, 123.
Animals, grass-eating, 137.
Animals, gregarious, 150.
Animals, multicellular, 4, 229.
Animals, multiplication of, 122.
Animals, snake-eating, 136.
Animals, segmented, 233, 234.
Animals, unicellular, 4, 229.
Animals, unsegmented, 233.
Annulata, 233.
Ant-bear, 123.
Antelope, desert, 127.
Antitoxines, 15.
Anthropoid Apes, 243.
Anthropoid Characters, 185.
Anthropomorphism, 211.
Anthropopithecus, 243, 244.
Anthropoidea, 240, 241.
Antlers, of deer, 14, 157.
Ants, 110, 123, 233.
Anura, 238.
Apes, anthropoid, 243.
Arachnida, 233.
Arcella, 16, 231.
Archæan land, Canadian, 86.
Archæan land, Blue Ridge, 86.
Archæan land, Rocky Mountain, 86.
Archæopteryx, 108, 238.
Archegosaurus, 103, 238.
Arctic regions, 151.
Argonaut, 98.
Armadillos, 114.
Arthropoda, 233.
Arthropods, 96, 98, 99.
Artificial Selection, 120, 121, 122.
Asteroidea, 232.
Atavism, 51, 52, 191.
Ateles, 242.
Attraction-sphere, 27.
Aves, 234, 238.
Aye-Ayes, 241.
Baboons, 243.
Baby, grasping power of, 192.
Bach, family of, 40.
Bacillus diphtheriæ, 16.
Bacillus, tetanus, 15.
Bacteria, 14.
Bacteria, nitrifying, 16.
Badger, 123.
Balanoglossus, 233.
Barriers, geographical, 166, 169.
Barriers, sexual, 166, 169.
Bat, 127, 130.
Bear, polar, 127.
Beavers, 157.
Bees, 59, 60, 102, 105, 110, 123, 163, 164.
Bee-eaters, 127.
Beetles, 147.
Belemnites, 108.
Berg adder, 149.
Biophors, 6.
Bipes, 115.
Blastids, 99.
Blastoidea, 233.
Blastula, 32.
Bird fancier, 120.
Birds, 96, 105, 107, 109, 144, 146, 147, 148, 152, 159.
Birds, courtship of, 153, 154.
Birds, eggs of, 132, 133, 134, 135.
Birds, excreta of, 142.
Birds, humming, 152, 157, 159.
Birds, paradise, 152.
Birds, reptilian, 108.
Birds, singing of, 154, 155.
Birds, snake-eating, 147, 149.
Boar, wild, 121, 157.
Body-cells, 45, 64.
Borneo, 138.
Bower birds, 155.
Brachiopoda, 232.
Brachiopods, 96, 97, 100, 102, 105.
Brain, 232, 233, 234, 235, 239.
Brain, development of, 199, 214, 215.
Brain, fœtal, 203, 204.
Brain, ideal section of, 203.
Brain, of fish, 199.
Brain, of lemur, 201.
Brain, of man, 203, 206, 211.
Brain, of marsupial, 200.
Brain, mind immanent in, 208.
Brain, of monkeys, 202.
Brain, psychic phenomena of, 206.
Brain, of reptile, 199.
Bryophyta, 244.
Bryozoa, 232.
Bull, 157.
Bullfinch, 154.
Butterflies, 59, 102, 110, 135, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145, 147,
148, 158, 233.
Bulldog, 121.
Caducibranchiata, 178, 237.
Calamoichthys, 236.
Callithrix, 242.
Camel, 127.
Canaries, 154.
Carinatæ, 238.
Carnivora, 239.
Carus, Dr. Paul, 208.
Castration, 224.
Catarrhinæ, 241.
Caterpillar, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 145.
Cats, forest, 128.
Cattle, 169.
Cave bear, 114.
Cebidæ, 241, 242.
Cebus, 242.
Cells, xiii. 4.
Cells, body or somatic, xiv. 45, 64.
Cells, chemistry of, 4, 5.
Cells, daughter, 8.
Cells, encysted, 5.
Cells, flagellate, 29.
Cells, germ, xiv. 45, 54, 57, 65, 67, 161.
Cells, mother, 8.
Cells, nutrition of, 7.
Cells, reproduction of, 7, 25.
Cells, stinging, 231.
Cells, structure of, 5, 6.
Centipede, 98, 233.
Centrosome, 6, 27.
Cephalopoda, 234.
Cephalopods, 98, 100.
Ceratites, 105.
Ceratodus, 104, 105, 237.
Cercopithecidæ, 241, 242.
Cerebellum, 199, 206, 239.
Cerebrum, 199, 205, 239.
Cetacea, 239.
Character, 220, 226.
Characters, acquired, 65, 68.
Characters, anthropoid, 185.
Characters, congenital, 68.
Characters, non-transmission of acquired, 66, 70.
Characters, pithecoid, 185.
Characters, transmission of acquired, 66, 76.
Chatterers, 152.
Cheiroptera, 239.
Cheirotes, 115.
Chelonia, 238.
Children, rights of unborn, 224, 225.
Chimæroids, 106, 236.
Chimpanzee, 243, 244.
Chiromys, 241.
Chitons, 234.
Choice, 216, 223.
Chordata, 234.
Chromosomes, 6, 31.
Chrysothrix, 242.
Civilization, 215.
Classification, xi. xii.
Club-foot, 193.
Clubmosses, 100, 102, 245.
Cockroaches, 100, 234.
Codosiga umbellata, 23.
Cœcilia, 238.
Cœlenterata, 32, 96, 97, 99, 230, 231, 232.
Coloration, alluring, 128, 141.
Coloration, protective, 127, 128, 135.
Coloration, as recognition marks, 150.
Coloration, warning, 128, 144.
Columba livia, 120.
Comb-bearers, 231.
Condylarthra, 111.
Coniferæ, 105, 215.
Corals, 96, 97, 100, 102.
Corals, chain, 99, 100.
Corals, honeycomb, 99, 100.
Coral, hydroid, 99, 100.
Coreopsis, 142.
Cormorants, 134.
Cosmic Designer, 220.
Cosmos, Soul of, 210, 211.
Cows, 121.
Crabs, 233.
Creation, 211, 212.
Creodonta, 111.
Criminals, 223, 224.
Crinoidea, 96, 97, 99, 100, 232.
Crocodilia, 157, 238.
Crossopterygii, 101, 103, 105, 106, 109, 110, 236.
Cross-sterility, 167, 168, 169.
Crustacea, 102, 103, 233.
Cryptogams, 97, 244.
Ctenophora, 231.
Cuttlefish, 98, 234.
Cycadaceæ, 100, 102, 105, 245.
Cynocephalus, 243.
Cypresses, 100, 102, 245.
Cystids, 96, 97, 99.
Cystoidea, 232.
Cytoplasm, 4.
Daisy, ox-eyed, 142.
Deer, fallow, 169.
Deer, forest, 128, 129.
Design, 212.
Designer, 212.
Desmids, 12.
Diatoms, 12, 18.
Dicotyledones, 245.
Didelphia, 239.
Difflugia, 17, 230.
Dinosauria, 107, 109, 238.
Dipnoi, 101, 103, 106, 236, 237.
Disuse, 60, 63, 64, 216.
Dogs, 146.
Dragon flies, 100.
Dragons, flying, 107.
Dromatherium, 106.
Ducks, 134, 157.
Echinodermata, 96, 97, 99, 102, 231, 232.
Echinoidea, 232.
Ectoderm, 32, 230, 231.
Ectoplasm, 11.
Edentata, 239.
Elaps, 146, 149.
Elasmobranchii, 101, 103, 236.
Elephant, 112, 160.
Elimination, 125.
Elimination, climatic, 125.
Elimination, by enemies, 126.
Elimination, physical, 125.
Elimination, through competition, 126.
Elms, 216.
Embryo, coral, 123.
Embryo, instability of, 167.
Embryology, 33.
Endoderm, 32, 230, 231.
Endoplasm, 11.
Enteron, 231.
Enteropneusta, 233.
Environment, 54, 55, 64, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 90, 127, 223.
Environment, complexity of, 90.
Environment and coloration, 126, 127.
Environment, unstable, 81.
Eohippus, 113.
Epencephalon, 199.
Epiblast, 32.
Epoch, Champlain, 85, 89.
Epoch, Eocene, 85.
Epoch, Glacial, 85, 89.
Epoch, Miocene, 85.
Epoch, Pliocene, 85.
Epoch, Terrace, 85, 89.
Equatorial-plate, 27.
Equus, 113.
Era, Archæan, 85, 94.
Era, Cenozoic, 85.
Era, Mesozoic, 85, 110.
Era, Palæozoic, 85, 86.
Era, Psychozoic, 85, 114.
Erythrolamprus, 149.
Eucalyptus, 132.
Evolution, 108.
Evolution, factors of, xiii.
Evolution, definition of, xiii.
Evolution, psychic, 215.
Evolution, social, 215, 225.
Evolution, goal of, 226.
Falcon, 127.
Fantail, 120.
Ferns, 100, 102, 244.
Fertilization, 29, 42.
Fertilization, cross, 162.
Fertilization, by humming birds, 161.
Fertilization, by insects, 161.
Fertilization, by the wind, 161.
Fertilization, of flowers, 161.
Fertilization, of frog’s eggs, 173.
Fertilization, of ovum, 29.
Fetichism, 209.
Finches, 157.
Fishes, 96, 101, 103, 104, 106, 109, 127, 152.
Fishes, Age of, 101.
Fishes, generalized, 102.
Fishes, with Amphibian characters, 101.
Flagellum, 19, 29.
Flies, 142.
Flower, simile of the, 213.
Flowers, 105, 144.
Flowers, conspicuous, 162.
Flowers, female, 161.
Flowers, fertilization of, 151.
Flowers, male, 160, 161.
Flowers, parts of, 160.
Flowers, primitive, 161.
Food, 58, 61.
Foraminifera, 12, 97, 102, 230.
Forest of Dean, 169.
Fossils, 94.
Friar Birds, 148.
Frog, development of, 173, 177.
Frogs, 135, 136, 137, 138, 146, 238.
Fuegians, 187.
Fungi, 244.
Game-cock, 157, 159.
Ganglia, 232, 233.
Ganoidei, 101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 109, 110, 237.
Garpikes, 105, 237.
Gasteropoda, 234.
Gastrula, 32.
Gastrulation, 32.
Gemmæ, 6.
Gemmules, 6.
Generations, alternations of, 231.
Geometer Moth, caterpillar of, 140.
Gephyrea, 2, 3.
Germ-cells, 45, 54, 57, 161.
Germ-cells, continuity of, 67, 70, 71.
Germ-cells, insulated, 65, 68, 70.
Gibbons, 243, 244.
Giraffe, 129, 130.
Globigerina, 13, 23.
Goat-sucker, 134.
Goniatites, 100, 102, 105.
Gorillas, 243, 244.
Graptolites, 96, 97, 99.
Grasses, 245.
Gregarina, 230.
Gregarinida, 230.
Gromia oviformis, 20.
Grouse, 159.
Gymnophiona, 238.
Gymnospermæ, 244.
Habitat, 54, 60.
Hair, 194.
Hapale, 242.
Hapalidæ, 241, 242.
Hares, 157, 160.
Hare, Polar, 127.
Hawk, 132.
Hearing, 195.
Heliconidæ, 145, 147, 148.
Hereditary Mass, 41, 43, 44, 46, 51.
Hereditary Mass, reduction of, 46.
Hereditary Threads, 31, 41.
Hereditary Units, ancestral, 43, 45.
Hereditary Units, maternal, 42.
Hereditary Units, paternal, 42.
Heredity, xiii. 39, 53, 54, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76.
Heredity, examples of, 40.
Heritages, atavistic, 49.
Heritages, augmentation of, 47.
Heritages, blending of, 47.
Heritages, latent, 49.
Heritages, mutually exclusive, 47.
Heritages, prepotency of, 47.
Heritages, struggle of, 48.
Heritages, totality of, 75.
Herons, 134.
Hesperornis, 238.
Hippopotamus, 111.
Hog, 111.
Holocephali, 236.
Holothuroidea, 232.
Hominidæ, 242, 243.
Homo delinquens, 52.
Homo sapiens, 52.
Honey-suckers, 148.
Horse, 112, 121, 122.
Horse, feet of, 113.
Horse, swiftness of, 122.
Horsetails, 100, 102, 244.
Hyaloplasm, 5.
Hydra, 231.
Hydroids, 231.
Hydrozoa, 231.
Hylobatinæ, 244.
Hylobates, 243, 244.
Hypoblast, 32.
Hyracoidea, 239.
Ichthyornis, 238.
Ichthyosauria, 107, 238.
Idioblasts, 6.
India, 141.
Infancy, 217, 218.
Infant, grasping power of, 192.
Infection, congenital bacterial, 53.
Infection, prenatal, 54.
Infusoria, 42, 230.
Insecta, 233.
Insectivora, 107, 239.
Insects, 100, 102, 110, 135, 137, 141, 143, 144, 147, 161, 162, 163,
164, 165.
Insect selection, 160, 164.
Invertebrates, 96, 234.
Irish elk, 114.
Isolation, geographical, 166.
Isolation, sexual, 166.
Java, 140, 142.
Jukes, the, 41.
Kaffir Boom, 130.
Kallima, 139, 140.
Kerivoula picta, 130.
Labyrinthodonts, 103, 104.
Lacertilia, 238.
Lagena, 13, 23.
Lamellibranchiata, 234.
Lampreys, 101.
Lampshells, 96, 232.
Lancelet, 235.
Larva, of Georgia butterfly, 138.
Law of battle, 158, 159.
Leaf-hoppers, 141.
Leaf insects, 140.
Leaf thrushes, 127.
Leeches, 233.
Lemuroidea, 111, 240.
Lepidosiren, 237.
Lepidosteus, 236.
Leptocardii, 234, 235.
Lichens, 244.
Life-forms, transmutations of, 93.
Life-forms, typical animal, 95.
Limestone, 13.
Lions, 127, 160.
Lislet-Geoffrey, 48.
Liverworts, 244.
Lizards, 144, 146, 158.
Locusts, palatable, 146.
Locusts, unpalatable, 146.
Longicornia, 147.
Lung-fishes, 103, 104, 237.
Macacus, 243.
Macaques, 243.
Magnolias, 111.
Malay Archipelago, 148.
Mammalia, 23, 240.
Mammals, 96, 107, 109, 111, 113, 144, 152, 160.
Mammals, Age of, 111.
Mammals, land, 165.
Mammals, placental, 239.
Mammals, reptilian, 106, 107, 111.
Mammals, snake-eating, 147, 149.
Man, 146, 216.
Man, age of, 114.
Man, ancestors of, 185, 186.
Man, brutish instincts of, 219.
Man, evolution of, 180, 188.
Man, imperfect adaptations of, 190.
Man, primitive, 187.
Man, quaternary, 114.
Mantis, 141.
Marmosets, 242.
Marsipobranchii, 234, 235.
Marsupials, 106, 107, 239.
Mastodon, 114.
Maturation, of ovum, 46.
Medulla, 199.
Mesencephalon, 199.
Mesenchyme, 231, 232.
Mesoblast, 32.
Mesoglœa, 230.
Mesoshippus, 113.
Metaphyta, 244.
Metaplasm, 4, 5.
Metazoa, 229, 230.
Metencephalon, 199.
Mice, 127.
Microgromia socialis, 22.
Microlestes, 106.
Midas, 242.
Mimicry, 128, 147.
Mind, 216.
Miohippus, 113.
Misumena vatia, 142.
Mitosis, 7, 25.
Moles, 127, 157.
Mollusca, 96, 98, 99, 100, 232, 233.
Monera, 230.
Monism, 208.
Monkeys, Capuchin, 242.
Monkeys, howling, 242.
Monkeys, New World, 241.
Monkeys, Old World, 241.
Monkeys, primitive, 111.
Monkeys, spider, 242.
Monkeys, squirrel, 242.
Monocotyledones, 245.
Monodelphia, 233.
Monotheism, 210.
Monotremes, 106, 107, 239.
Morula, 31.
Mosses, 244.
Moths, 59, 61, 102.
Mountains, Appalachian, 87.
Mountains, Coast Range, 89.
Mountains, Colorado, 88.
Mountains, Wahsatch, 88.
Multituberculata, 111.
Musk sheep, 151.
Mycetes, 242.
Myriapoda, 233.
Natural Selection, 119, 120, 124, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 141, 143,
147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 160, 162, 165, 225.
Nautiloids, 98.
Nautilus, 98.
Nemathelminthes, 232.
Nemertina, 233.
Newfoundland, 121.
Nicaragua, 146.
Noctiluca, 18, 230.
North America, development of, 85.
Notochord, 234, 235.
Nucleus, 6, 41, 44, 51.
Nucleus, as formative center, 8.
Nucleus, hermaphroditic, 43.
Nucleus, reduction of, 46.
Oaks, 245.
Odontornithes, 238.
Olfactory lobes, 199.
Optic lobes, 199.
Ontogeny, 178, 179, 180.
Onychophora, 233.
Oösperm, 31, 173.
Oösperm, segmentation of, 31.
Operculum, 196.
Ophidia, 238.
Opponens Hallucis, 190, 191.
Orangs, 243, 244.
Orchis, 141, 163.
Ornithodelphia, 239.
Orohippus, 113.
Orthoceratites, 98, 99, 100.
Osteoblasts, 13.
Osteoclasts, 13.
Ostracoderms, 100, 101.
Ova, 56.
Ovum, fertilized, 180.
Ovum, human, 28, 31.
Ovum, maturation of, 29, 43, 46.
Oyster, 234.
Palms, 245.
Pandorina morum, 24, 31.
Pangenesis, 66, 69.
Pangenesis, modified, 68, 71.
Pangennæ, 6.
Paramecium, 230.
Parrots, 127.
Parthenogenesis, 42, 59.
Partridge, 134.
Paupers, 223.
Peacocks, 152.
Pelicans, 134.
Perception, 207.
Perennibranchiata, 177, 238.
Period, Cambrian, 85, 96.
Period, Carboniferous, 85, 87, 102.
Period, Cretaceous, 85, 88, 108, 110.
Period, Devonian, 85, 87, 100.
Period, Jurassic, 85, 88, 106, 110.
Period, Ordovician, 96.
Period, Permian, 104.
Period, Quaternary, 85, 89, 113.
Period, Silurian, 85, 87, 96, 98.
Period, Tertiary, 85, 112.
Period, Triassic, 85, 105, 110.
Peripatus, 233.
Phanerogams, 244.
Pheasants, 134, 152.
Phosphorescence, 20.
Phrynocephalus mystaceus, 141.
Phylogeny, 178, 179, 180.
Pig, domesticated, 121.
Pigeons, Wild Rock, 120.
Pigeons, fantail, 120.
Pigeons, fruit-eating, 127.
Pigeons, pouter, 120.
Pigeons, tumbler, 120.
Pigeons, white-headed fruit, 131.
Pines, 100, 102, 245.
Pisces, 234, 236.
Plagiostomi, 236.
Plants, land, 96, 97, 99, 100.
Plants, flowering, 100, 110, 244.
Plants, flowerless, 100, 244.
Plants, generalized, 102.
Plants, unicellular, 4.
Plants, multicellular, 4.
Plastids, 5.
Platyhelminthes, 232.
Platyrrhinæ, 241.
Pleuracanthus, 103.
Pliohippus, 113.
Plovers, 131.
Polar bodies, 29.
Polyodon, 237.
Polyps, 32, 231.
Polypterus, 236.
Polytheism, 210.
Poplars, 245.
Porifera, 25, 230.
Pouter, 120.
Preferential mating, 157, 159, 169.
Primates, 239.
Primitive man, 187.
Primrose, 163.
Proboscidea, 239.
Pronucleus, female, 29, 31.
Pronucleus, male, 29, 31.
Prosencephalon, 199.
Protective Imitation of Particular Objects, 138.
Protective Resemblance, 128.
Proteus, 237.
Protohippus, 113.
Protophyta, 244.
Protoplasm, 4, 5, 33, 44.
Protopterus, 237.
Protozoa, 229, 230.
Protozoa, flagellate, 24, 25.
Protozoa, colonial, 22, 25.
Pseudo-heredity, 53.
Pseudopodia, 12.
Psychic phenomena, 207.
Ptarmigan, 131.
Pteridophyta, 244.
Pterosauria, 107, 109, 238.
Ptilopus cinctus, 131.
Quadrula, 17, 230.
Recognition Marks, 150.
Reducing process, 46.
Redwood, 111.
Regeneration of lost parts, 50.
Reptiles, 96, 104, 106, 107, 109, 110, 152, 157, 235, 238.
Reptiles, Age of, 110.
Reptiles, generalized, 104, 107.
Reptiles, land, 107.
Reptiles, sea, 107.
Reptiles, extinction of, 125.
Reptiles, of bat-like form, 107.
Reptiles, of lizard-like form, 104.
Rabbit, 151.
Radiolaria, 97.
Ratitæ, 238.
Raven, 132.
Rays, 106, 236.
Recognition Marks, 128, 150, 169.
Religion, 221, 222.
Rhinencephalon, 199.
Rhinoceros, 112.
Rhizopoda, 230.
Ribs, 194.
Rocks, table of stratified, 95.
Rodentia, 239.
Rotalia, 13, 23.
Rotatoria, 232.
Rotifer, 232.
Ruminants, 111, 137.
Rupture, 190.
Saitis pulex, 156.
Salamanders, 103, 147.
Salamandra, 237.
Salmons, 157, 158, 237.
Saururæ, 238.
Scaphopoda, 234.
Scorpions, 99, 233.
Sea, Cretaceous, 68.
Sea, Palæozoic, 86.
Sea-anemones, 231.
Sea-cucumbers, 232.
Seals, 160.
Seaweeds, 96, 97, 244.
Sea-urchins, 97, 99, 232.
Selfishness, 216.
Selection, artificial, 120, 121.
Selection, insect, 160, 164.
Selection, natural, 119, 120, 122, 124, 131, 132, 134, 137, 138, 141,
143, 147, 149, 152, 153, 158, 160, 162, 165, 225.
Selection, physiological, 169.
Selection, rational, 214.
Selection, sexual, 152, 153, 154, 157, 158, 164.
Sharks, 106, 107, 109, 235.
Sharks, primitive, 100.
Sheep, 121.
Sheep, heath, 169.
Sheep, merino, 169.
Shrimps, 103, 233.
Simia, 243, 244.
Simiidæ, 242, 243, 244.
Simiinæ, 244.
Sinus venosus, 236.
Siredon, 62, 63.
Siren, 237.
Sirenia, 239.
Skye-terrier, 121.
Sloths, 114.
Snail, 234.
Snakes, 135, 136, 137, 138, 147, 148, 149.
Snipe, 131.
Social evolution, goal of, 220.
Soil, 69.
Somatic-cells, 45.
Spermatozoid, 29, 43, 56.
Sphinx fuciformis, 138.
Spider, 141, 142, 143, 146, 158, 233.
Spider, love-dance of, 156.
Spindle, 27.
Sponges, 25, 96, 97, 99, 230.
Spongioplasm, 5.
Sports, 48, 49, 53.
Spring-bok, 151.
Spruces, 245.
Squids, 98, 234.
Squirrels, 157.
Stag, 157.
Star-fishes, 96, 97, 99, 232.
Stegocephala, 103, 104, 106, 238.
Sticklebacks, 157, 158.
Stone-lily, 232.
Storks, 134.
Struggle for Existence, 124.
Sturgeon, 237.
Stylonychia, 10, 230.
Sumatra, 140.
Sunbirds, 130, 131.
Survival of the Fittest, 120, 122, 138, 143.
Symmetry, bilateral, 231, 232, 233.
Symmetry, radial, 231.
Sympathy, 216.
Tadpoles, 58, 59, 174, 175.
Tail, 195.
Tanagers, 152.
Tapir, 112.
Tarsius, 241.
Tee Tees, 242.
Teleostomi, 236.
Teleosts, 101, 106, 109, 110, 237.
Temperature, 54, 61.
Tetrao cupido, 159.
Thalamencephalon, 199.
Thalami, 199.
Thallophyta, 244.
Theromorpha, 104, 105, 106, 238.
Thomisus citreus, 141.
Threads, chromatin, 6.
Threads, hereditary, 31, 41.
Threads, nuclear, 6.
Tiger, protective coloration of, 128, 129.
Tiger, saber-toothed, 114.
Timor, island of, 132.
Toad, 238.
Tortoises, 157.
Toxalbumin, 16.
Toxines, 15.
Tree of Life, 182, 183, 184.
Trilobites, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 233.
Triton, 175, 237.
Tumbler, 120.
Tunicata, 234.
Turtledoves, 154.
Ungulata, 239.
Ungulates, even-toed, 111.
Ungulates, odd-toed, 111.
Units, hereditary, 41, 42, 43, 45.
Units, invisible, 7.
Units, morphological, 4.
Units, physiological, 6, 8.
Units, structural, 4.
Units, visible, 7.
Urodela, 237.
Use, 60, 63, 64, 216.
Uterus, displacements of, 190.
Vacuole, 5.
Variations, 39, 46, 54, 120, 143, 167, 168.
Variations, blastogenetic, 54, 55, 56.
Variations, examples of, 39.
Variations, harmful, 168.
Variations, neutral, 168.
Variations, somatogenetic, 54, 55, 60.
Variations, through amphimixis, 46, 166.
Variations, useful, 168.
Varieties, commencing species, 168.
Varieties, isolation of, 166.
Velvet, 14.
Vena cava, 236, 237.
Ventricles, 233, 236, 237.
Vermes, 232.
Vermiform appendix, 194.
Vertebrata, 100, 105, 108, 234.
Vestigial structures, 198.
Volvox globator, 24, 32.
Waders, 157.
Wasp, 146, 147.
Weevils, 147.
Whales, 107, 124, 165.
White blood-corpuscles, 15.
Will, 207, 223.
Woodcock, 131.
Woodpecker, 155, 157.
Worms, 232.
Worms, earth, 233.
Worms, flat, 232.
Worms, round, 232.
Worms, sea or marine, 96, 233.
Worms, star, 233.
Worms, unsegmented, 232.
Zebra, 129.
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