VAZQUEZ DE MERCADO, DR. DIEGO--Native of Arévalo, in Castilla la Vieja;
related to the family of the Ronquillos; obtains degree licentiate
in canons in university of Mexico; becomes secular priest, goes to
Philippines with Salazar, where he becomes his lawyer and acts as dean
of Manila cathedral for sixteen years; in 1597 goes to Nueva España,
to assume the curacy of Acapulco; in Nueva España given the degree
of Doctor of canon law from the university of Mexico; resigns his
office as dean of Manila during the sojourn of Santibañez in Nueva
España; in 1600, presented as bishop of Mechoacán, where he serves
three years; Oct. 22, 1603, presented as first bishop of Yucatan,
and receives necessary bulls in Campeche; consecrated in Mexico,
Jan. 13, 1604, and governs his bishopric for three years; in 1608,
presented as archbishop of Manila; takes possession of see, on eve
of Corpus Christi, 1610; completes building of cathedral by means
of his own funds and contributions of the inhabitants of Manila;
builds a chapel in the collateral nave on epistle side of cathedral,
for his own burial and that of the prebendaries of the cathedral;
enacts various acts for the good government of the cathedral; dies
June 12, 1616; buried in chapel.
VACANT SEE.--The archbishopric is governed by Pedro de Arce, O.S.A., by
virtue of a brief of Paul V, which is delivered to the ecclesiastical
cabildo by the Audiencia; governs for a period of more than four years.
GARCIA SERRANO, MIGUEL, O.S.A.--Native of Madrid or of Chinchilla;
goes to the Philippines in one of the early missions; becomes prior
of Manila and provincial of his province, and is elected procurator
to Spain; there presented as bishop of Nueva Segovia; consecrated in
Nueva España in 1616; goes to the Philippines the same year and governs
his bishopric for two and one-half years, presented as archbishop,
in 1618; takes possession of his see, Aug. 24, 1619, having received
the pallium at the church of Nuestra Señora de Guia, Aug. 1 of that
year; during his term, the nuns of St. Clare arrive at Manila, whom
he aids greatly; obtains brief (1625) from Urban VIII, allowing the
feast of Corpus Christi to be celebrated at a more opportune season,
but this brief was never carried out; tries to enforce episcopal visit
of regular parish priests, but opposed vigorously by regulars who
threaten to resign curacies, and question is finally submitted to king
and pope for decision; holy sacrament stolen from cathedral in 1628,
[186] and due partly to his grief over this calamity, Garcia Serrano
dies on Corpus Christi day, June 14 (Montero y Vidal says June 6),
1629, at age of 60.
VACANT SEE.--On the death of Garcia Serrano, the ecclesiastical
cabildo and the bishop of Nueva Segovia, Hernando Guerrero, O.S.A.,
go to law in regard to the government ad interim of the archbishopric,
the latter claiming it by virtue of the brief of Paul V, since Pedro
de Arce, O.S.A., has resigned his right. The litigation lasts until
Jan. 29, 1630, when Arce assumes the government by decree of the
royal Audiencia, and although he has continual suits he maintains
his office. The vacancy lasts 6 years and 9 days.
GUERRERO, HERNANDO, O.S.A.--Native of Madrid or Alcaraz; professes in
the Augustinian convent at Madrid; after going to the Philippines,
holds many posts in the order, and is finally sent to Spain as
procurator; on arrival at Mexico, finds decree appointing him bishop
of Nueva Segovia; proceeds to Spain, where he obtains a mission,
and his bulls confirming his appointment; returns to the Philippines
in 1627; consecrated at Cebú, in 1628; governs his bishopric for 7
years; tries to obtain the government of the archbishopric of Manila
in vacant see (see above); presented as archbishop, Jan. 16, 1632;
takes possession of see, June 23, 1635; during his term quarrels with
the governor, Hurtado de Corcuera, the Audiencia, and the Jesuits
(see the numerous documents in our series concerning this); refuses
to authorize or recognize the Collado faction among the Dominicans;
exiled, in 1636, to Marivelez; returns from exile, June 6, 1636, his
exile having lasted 26 days; visits diocese personally, and nearly
captured by Camucones in consequence; dies July 1, 1641, at age of
75; buried in Augustinian church; zealous, but obstinate, hot-headed,
and too unbending.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo governs because Arce renounces
his right to do so.
MONTERO DE ESPINOSA, DR. FERNANDO.--Native of Búrgos; becomes secular
priest; doctor of theology in Salamanca University, and holds other
offices; first palace cura of Felipe IV, when royal chapel was erected
into a parish church; a noted preacher; administrator of the hospital
outside of Toledo; presented as bishop of Nueva Segovia in 1642;
consecrated in Mexico in 1643; May 20, 1644, while on way to islands,
receives presentation as archbishop; embarks at Acapulco, in March,
1645; arrives at the port of Lampon, at the end of July of that year;
sets out for Manila, but dies at Pila, in Laguna de Bay, of fever;
funeral celebrated on day he was to have made his public entrance
into Manila; 45 years old; buried beside Benavides, but his remains
afterward removed to the sagrario of the curas by Archbishop Poblete.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo governs; although it is agreed
that the different members of the cabildo shall govern by months, the
dean obtains the upper hand through connivance with the governor's
favorite Venegas, and a vicar general is elected. In this period
occurs the Jesuit-Dominican contest as to priority of colleges; the
Franciscans are disturbed by interior dissensions; while the cabildo
itself is racked by internal dissensions; the royal decree ordering
St. Michael the Archangel to be published as patron of the islands
is put into force.
POBLETE, DR. MIGUEL DE.--Secular priest; born in Mexico, in 1603; a
professor in the university; occupies some of the best ecclesiastical
posts in Nueva España; resigns the bishopric of Nicaragua in 1644;
the decree of his presentation as archbishop of Manila, dated May,
1648; keeps decree hid for more than a month before showing it;
consecrated at the archiepiscopal palace at Mexico, Sept. 9, 1650;
reaches Cavite, July. 22, 1653, with Governor Manrique de Lara;
latter requests him to go ashore first and bless the country, on
account of the troubles of the former archbishop; makes solemn entry,
July 24; at Lent of 1654 the brief of Innocent X (Aug. 7, 1649),
giving benediction and absolution to the land placed in force; tries
to enforce episcopal visit of regulars, who oppose him strongly, and
resign their curacies, compelling the archbishop to restore them for
want of seculars to put in their place; quarrels with Governor Salcedo,
who refuses to pay the ecclesiastical stipends, whereupon the cabildo
is suspended for the time being, and Poblete tries to borrow 2,000
pesos with which to satisfy the most pressing needs of the cabildo;
trouble over the appointment to the office of dean of the cabildo,
which falls vacant; rebuilds cathedral, laying the first stone, April
20, 1654; begs alms for cathedral, and applies to it 22,000 pesos,
which has been contributed to it by the inhabitants of Manila; dies on
the day of the Conception, Dec. 8, 1667; orders body not embalmed, but
his orders disregarded; buried (governor participating in obsequies),
Dec. 11, in the sagrario of the curas in the cathedral; funeral
services met by alms of private persons; memorial honors celebrated,
Jan. 30, 1668; 64 years old at time of death; much regretted.
VACANT SEE.--The ecclesiastical cabildo governs the archbishopric.
LOPEZ, JUAN, O.P.--Born in Martin Muñoz in Castilla la Vieja; professes
in Dominican convent of San Esteban of Salamanca; collegiate at
college of San Gregorio at Valladolid; goes to Philippines in 1643
as missionary; lectures on theology in the college of Santo Tomás;
in 1658, goes to Nueva España to recover health; following year sent
title as definitor and procurator general; goes to Spain by way of
France, in 1662, and thence to Rome; general of order gives him the
degree of master of theology; at Rome receives decree of Felipe IV
(Dec., 1662) presenting him as bishop of Cebú; receives confirmation
from pope, Apr. 23, 1663; gathers a band of 40 missionaries, and on
reaching Nueva España is consecrated at Mechoacán, Jan. 4, 1665; takes
possession of bishopric, Aug. 31, 1665; has troubles in bishopric,
and proceeds to excommunications, unjustifiably, so that it becomes
necessary for the royal Audiencia to intervene; during term as bishop,
visits Manila twice, once when the commissary of the Holy Inquisition
arrested Governor Salcedo, and the second time at Poblete's death,
under summons from the governor, who requested him to rule the
archbishopric ad interim; presented for archbishopric in 1671; takes
possession, Aug. 21, 1672; quarrels with ecclesiastical officials and
with governor, the latter depriving him of the ecclesiastical stipends;
obtains royal permission to have stipends sent from Mexico, in order
that this might be avoided in the future (although the decree does not
arrive until after his death); dies, Feb. 12, 1674, after a fever of
5 months, at age of 61; heart and entrails buried in sagrario of the
curas, and body in the Dominican church; honors celebrated, Mar. 1,
1674; no bishop in islands at time of his death as all had died in
1671; harsh and impetuous by nature, and hence carried by his zeal
into constant trouble.
VACANT SEE.--Dean and cabildo rule the archbishopric.
PARDO, FELIPE, O.P.--Born in Valladolid of noble parents; takes
habit in convent of San Pablo at Valladolid; there becomes master of
students; goes as missionary to Philippines in 1648; lector and rector
in university of Santo Tomás in Manila; holds many posts in his order,
his first term as provincial ending in 1665; and his second in 1677;
twice commissary of Inquisition; presented as archbishop, by royal
decree of May 30, 1676; takes possession of archbishopric, at age of
68, Nov 11, 1677, without being consecrated, by special order of the
king; requisite bulls reach him only in 1681; consecrated, Oct. 28,
1681, in Manila cathedral; makes public entry, Nov. 1; during his
term, the first governor of the Marianas arrives; arrival of auxiliary
bishop de partibus Gines de Barrientos, O.P., with title of bishop
of Troya; takes missions in Luzón from Recollects, which he gives
to the Dominicans, giving to the Recollects the missions of Mindoro
in exchange (see the documents in our series referring to this);
has conflicts with the governor, other orders, and ecclesiastical
cabildo; orders all Spaniards to pay all fees to the parish priests
of each district instead of to the parish priest of Bagumbayan, and
since almost all the Spaniards lived in Binondo, this benefited his
order especially; exiled to Lingayen, in Pangasinan, Mar. 31, 1683;
secretly appoints Barrientos to govern the archbishopric; brought
back from exile by Governor Curuzalaegui, and takes vengeance on the
ex-governor, Vargas, and others; dies, Dec. 31, 1689, at age of 80,
without the aids of religion; buried in church of the Dominicans;
harsh, obstinate, revengeful, partial to the Dominicans; under the
influence of the Dominican Verart, who was his counselor, and a man
quarrelsome by nature. See the documents of the Pardo controversy in
our series.
VACANT SEE.--The ecclesiastical cabildo yields the government of the
archbishopric to the bishop of Troya, Gines de Barrientos, but the
latter finally resigns the post, and the cabildo rules. Barrientos
makes so extreme use of his power while in command, that two members
of the cabildo retire to the Augustinian convent in order to be immune
from arrest, and ask aid of the governor ad interim.
CAMACHO Y AVILA, DR. DIEGO.--Secular priest; native of Badajoz;
collegiate-mayor in the Insigne de Cuenca of Salamanca; canon of the
church of Badajoz; presented as archbishop, Aug. 19, 1696; consecrated
at La Puebla in Nueva España; takes possession of his see, Sept. 13,
1697; the papal legate Tournon comes to the islands during his term,
and Camacho's connection with him leads to complications with the
Spanish government; a strong champion of the episcopal visit of
the regular parish priests, and hence opposed by all the regulars;
his attempts to place seculars in control of the parish churches
end because there are not enough seculars to supply the places left
vacant by the regulars; makes many improvements in the cathedral, and
spends on it more than 40,000 pesos; founds seminary of San Clemente,
which is thrown open to foreigners; because of this and his connection
with Tournon, as well as indirectly because of his opposition to the
regulars, transferred by royal order to the bishopric of Guadalajara,
in Nueva España; takes possession of this, Mar. 25, 1706; visits
bishopric several times; dies, in 1712; in will orders honors to be
celebrated for him in Manila cathedral; these celebrated, Oct. 26,
1713, by Diego de Gorospe Yrala bishop of Nueva Segovia. See the
various documents regarding the Camacho controversy in our series.
VACANT SEE--Cabildo governs until the arrival of the following.
CUESTA, FRANCISCO DE LA, Ordr of San Gerónimo.--Native of Colmenar,
near Madrid; master in theology; preacher to the king; presented as
archbishop in 1706; consecrated in Mexico, Aug. 12, 1707; Clement
XI decides in favor of episcopal visit of regular parish priests,
and Cuesta attempts to carry the visits into effect, but regulars
induce him to wait until representations can be made to the pope;
imprisoned by Governor Bustamante; Governor Bustamante assassinated
Oct. 11, 1719, and Cuesta freed and becomes governor ad interim,
as all the auditors refuse the post; governs islands until July 24,
1721; all three bishoprics vacant during part of his term; transferred
to the bishopric of Mechoacán, in Nueva España, because of the death
of Bustamante; arrives at Acapulco, Jan. 11, 1724; takes charge of
diocese, April 18; dies May 30 (Buzeta and Bravo say, May 31), 1724,
at age of 63; buried in his church.
VACANT SEE.--Archbishopric governed by ecclesiastical cabildo; house
for girls built.
BERMUDEZ GONZALEZ DE CASTRO, DR. CARLOS.--Secular; native of Puebla de
los Angeles, Nueva España; licentiate and doctor of laws; professor
in canons in the university of Mexico; holds office in Inquisition
of Mexico, and other high offices in that archbishopric; presented as
archbishop of Manila; in 1722; consecrated, June 17, 1725; compelled to
remain in Nueva España three years longer for lack of a vessel sailing
to the Philippines; leaves Mexico City, Mar. 5, 1728, and embarks
at Acapulco, Mar. 27; goes ashore at Marianas, where he baptizes an
infant; received privately in Manila, July 29, 1728; receives pallium,
Aug. 22, from the bishop of Cagayan, at parish church of Quiapo;
takes possession, Aug. 25; has trouble with the governor in regard
to the college of San Felipe; establishes formal rites; falls ill,
Oct. 5, 1729, and dies, Nov. 13, at the age of almost 62; bequeaths
heart to convent of San Lorenzo in Mexico; corpse buried, Nov. 18.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo governs the archbishopric.
ANGEL RODRIGUEZ, JUAN, Trinitarian.--Born in Medina del Campo;
master in sacred theology; fills various posts in Spanish cathedrals;
professor in Salamanca and Alcalá universities; appointed confessor of
Diego Morcillo Rubio de Auñon, archbishop of Lima; arrives at Lima,
April 17, 1731; presented as archbishop of Manila, May 18, 1731;
obtains bulls, Dec. 17, and council decrees, dated Feb. 29, 1732,
on May 25, 1732; compelled to remain in Lima until Jan. 2, 1736,
as no ship is allowed to sail to Acapulco; embarks at Acapulco,
Apr. 17, 1736; lands at Samar, Aug. 30; reaches Nueva Cáceres,
Oct. 4; consecrated there by bishop Dr. Felipe de Molina, Nov. 23;
receives pallium, Nov. 26; takes possession of see through Dean Luis
Rico, Jan. 23, 1737, and makes public entry on the twenty-fourth;
gives form to the cathedral choir, and introduces the Gregorian
chant; prohibits night processions, and reforms several feasts;
takes up the cause of the fiscal who has become embroiled with the
governor and taken refuge in the Recollect convent, and persuades him
to present himself in fuerza, hoping that the governor would treat
him compassionately; matters turning out differently than he hopes,
the archbishop, believing himself to be the cause of the evils that
come upon the fiscal, is attacked by severe melancholy which causes
immediate death; peaceful by disposition, lovable, and virtuous.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo governs the archbishopric.
SANTISIMA TRINIDAD MARTINEZ DE ARRIZALA, PEDRO DE, O.S.F.--Native of
Madrid; auditor of Quito; counselor of the Indies; becomes Franciscan;
consecrated as archbishop of Manila in Spain; makes public entry
into Manila, Aug. 27, 1747; in Spain obtains decree ordering the
expulsion of the Chinese settled in the islands, but does not present
it, because of the representations of the bishop of Nueva Segovia,
Arrechedera, then governor ad interim, and whose order, the Dominican,
has charge of the Chinese; on the arrival of the new governor, Obando,
presents the decree, but it has no effect because of various disputes
between the governor and archbishop; demands that Arrechedera hand over
the government of the islands to him and even appeals to the court;
quarrels with Obando's successor, Governor Arandía, over questions
of etiquette; dies, May 28, 1755 (Zúñiga says May 29).
VACANT SEE.--Dean and ecclesiastical cabildo in charge of the
archbishopric.
ROJO DEL RIO Y VIEYRA, MANUEL ANTONIO.--Native of Tula, Nueva España;
canon and provisor of Mexico; consecrated as archbishop of Manila
in Nueva España, in 1758; takes possession of his see, July 22,
1759; demands charge of government of islands from Bishop Lino
de Espeleta, governor ad interim, but latter holds command until
arrival of decree from Spain transferring the command to Rojo;
immediately settles Villacorta matter and quashes case against the
Spanish mestizo Orendaín; British besiege and capture Manila, 1762;
Rojo made virtually a prisoner; has disputes with Anda; dies, Jan. 30,
1764, and given military burial by English; see VOL. XLIX.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo assumes control of the
archbishopric.
SANTA JUSTA Y SANCHO DE RUFINA, BASILIO.--An Aragonese; a member of
the Escuelas pias; preacher to the king; procurator for the province
of Aragon; appointed archbishop, in 1767; consecrated in Spain,
and arrives at Manila in 1767 via Cape of Good Hope; immediately
establishes mission and preaches rigorously against all the vices for
nine days; adorns cathedral; presides over council by which bishop of
Nueva Cáceres exiled to his bishopric; makes most vigorous attempts
to enforce episcopal visit of regular parish priests of any archbishop
in history of the Philippines; bases his action on the bull Firmandis
of Benedict XIV, dated Nov. 6, 1744, and the bull of Feb. 24, 1745,
which were confirmed at the instance of the king by the bull Nunc
nuper, of Nov. 8, 1751; in 1768, visits all the curacies held by the
Dominicans; all the other orders resist; although the governor commands
the orders to submit to the visit, and strives to uphold the royal
patronage, the orders disregard him; many parishes provided with native
secular priests by the archbishop in 1768, especially the parishes
of the Parián, Binondo and the Province of Bataán, which had been
administered by the Dominicans (which regulars claim was an irreparable
injury); regulars complain to king, and archbishop directs energetic
representation against them, May 10, 1768; Jesuit expulsion occurs
during his term; Raón is finally gained by the orders and yields; when
his successor Anda arrives, the archbishop appeals to him for aid,
and although the latter is unwilling to go as far as Santa Justa y
Rufina, he aids him; provincial council called at Manila for May 19,
1771, to which the three suffragan bishops summoned; six meetings held
but nothing lasting done; trouble over visit of the beaterio of Santa
Catalina; Anda suspends cedula of Nov. 9, 1774, ordering the curacies
secularized as they fall vacant; secularization ordered suspended by
royal decree of Dec. 11, 1776; archbishop dies at Manila, Dec. 15,
1787; strong character, vigorous mind, impetuous; regular historians
assert that he was influenced by the French encyclopedists and by the
ministers of Cárlos III. See Pardo de Tavera's Biblioteca filipina
(Washington, 1903), for various writings of Santa Justa y Rufina;
and our series for some account of his time.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo takes charge of the archbishopric.
ORBIGO Y GALLEGO, ANTONIO DE, O.S.F.--Born at Orbigo in León, in 1729;
takes Franciscan habit at Priego; goes to Philippines as preacher and
confessor, in 1759; elected bishop of Nueva Cáceres while procurator
for his order in Spain, in 1779; takes possession of his see, in 1780;
chosen archbishop of Manila, in 1789, and takes possession of his
see Oct. 15 through the procurator, capitular vicar, and archdeacon,
Francisco Durana, and makes public entry next day; visits his see,
and once narrowly escapes capture by the Moros near Manila; dies
May 15 (Buzeta and Bravo say May 16), 1790, at Santa Ana; buried in
Franciscan church at Manila, on following day, as he had requested
that his corpse be not embalmed; of pacific character, learned,
simple in his tastes, and without enemies.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo assumes control of the
archbishopric.
SALAMANCA, IGNACIO.--Native of Manila; dean of Manila cathedral;
becomes bishop of Cebú, Sept. 28, 1789; consecrated in Manila,
and goes to bishopric in 1794; presented as archbishop of Manila,
but dies at Cebú, Feb. 1802, before having received the despatches
of his new dignity.
VACANT SEE.--The ecclesiastical cabildo rules the archbishopric
continuously from the death of Orbigo y Gallego to the coming of
Zulaibar, as Salamanca does not actually hold the office.
ZULAIBAR, JUAN ANTONIO, O.P.--Born in Vizcaya in 1753; takes habit
at age of 16 in convent of San Pablo at Búrgos; receives degree of
doctor at university of Ávila; professor of theology at university
of Alcalá for 7 years; presented as archbishop of Manila, Aug. 1803;
arrives at Manila, Sept. 2, 1804; consecrated at Manila, by Domingo
Collantes, bishop of Nueva Cáceres, July 14, 1805 (Ferrando; Buzeta
and Bravo say Sept. 8, 1804); voting member of vaccination board
formed at Manila, Dec. 20, 1806, by royal order of Sept. 1, 1803;
endows seminary of his diocese; dies Mar. 4, 1824.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo assumes control of the
archbishopric.
DIEZ, HILARION, O.S.A.--Born at Valladolid, 1761; takes habit at an
early age in the same city; in the Philippines serves as parish priest
in several Tagálog villages, and becomes proficient in the Tagálog
language; is twice prior of the Manila convent, and provincial of his
order; his appointment as archbishop meets general approval; assumes
charge of his see, Sept. 15, 1826; consecrated in the Augustinian
church, Oct. 21, 1827; dies, May 7, 1829.
VACANT SEE.--Ecclesiastical cabildo governs the archbishopric.
SEGUI, JOSE, O.S.A.--Born at Camprodon, in bishopric of Gerona,
Oct. 3, 1773; takes habit at Seo de Urgel; goes to Philippines in 1795;
missionary for 20 years in China; after his return to the Philippines,
serves as definitor and procurator general for 12 years; auxiliary
to his predecessor and made bishop in partibus of Hierocesaréa, July
27, 1829; elevated to the metropolitan see by Pius VIII, July 5,
1830; consecrated at the Manila Augustinian church, Oct. 28, 1830;
receives pallium, Sept. 14, 1831, from the bishop of Ilocos whither
he goes for that purpose; enters Manila publicly, Sept. 29, 1831;
sends several circulars to his clergy, and invites them to spiritual
exercises annually; receives the great cross of Isabel the Catholic;
dies, July 4, 1845.
VACANT SEE.--Governed by ecclesiastical cabildo.
ARANGUREN, JOSE.--Recollect; born at Barasoain, diocese of Pamplona,
Feb. 16, 1801; studies philosophy at Pamplona, and law at Zaragoza;
takes habit at Alfaro, at the college of the Recollects (since
removed to Monteagudo), in 1816; arrives at Manila, in 1830; serves in
Pampanga; acts as provincial secretary; cura at Masinlos in Zambales;
definitor in the chapter of 1840; elected provincial in 1843; appointed
archbishop by king, Nov. 12, 1845; begins to govern, Mar. 19, 1846;
consecrated, Jan. 31, 1847; receives pallium, Feb. 2, 1847, and makes
public entrance into Manila, Feb. 7; receives great cross of Isabel
the Catholic; dies, Apr. 18, 1862; laborious, prudent, and economical.
VACANT SEE.--The archbishopric is governed by Dr. Pedro Peláez,
a Filipino secular priest, who is elected by the ecclesiastical
cabildo as capitular vicar.
MELITON MARTINEZ DE SANTA CRUZ, DR. GREGORIO.--Secular; born in
1815, in Prado-Luengo, in the diocese of Búrgos; studies theology in
seminary of San Jerónimo in Búrgos, and afterwards occupies a chair
in the same seminary; receives degree of bachelor at the university
of Valladolid, and studies in the university of Madrid, where he also
receives degrees; acts as provisor in Palencia, for 12 years, where
he receives the doctorate by competition; holds various posts in the
Pamplona ecclesiastical cabildo; appointed archbishop of Manila by
the sovereign, July 31, 1861; consecrated in Madrid, Mar. 23, 1862;
takes possession of see, May 27, 1862; receives degree of doctor in
jurisprudence from the University of the Philippines, Aug. 24, 1862;
a member of the Vatican Council until its suspension in 1871; has
dissensions with the Recollects over vacancies occurring in the Manila
diocese; together with the secular bishops of Cebú and Nueva Cáceres,
sends exposition to queen, Feb. 15, 1863, urging the right of episcopal
visitation of the regular parish priests; asks that briefs and laws
declaring removable ad nutum the regular curas, be left in force;
with provincials of orders protests to governor against the Moret
decrees, May 16, 1869; Feb. 19, 1872, publishes long pastoral letter in
Spanish and Tagálog lamenting and condemning Cavite insurrection, and
especially the part taken in it by the Filipino clergy; resigns, 1875.