CHAPTER XVI

THE DISSOLUTION OF RELIGIOUS HOUSES AND ITS EFFECT UPON HOSPITALS

“_The hospital . . . is like to go to utter decay. . . . For my own

part I think often, that those men which seek spoil of hospitals

. . . did never read the twenty-fifth chapter of Matthew; for if they

did, and believed the same, how durst they give such adventure?_”

(Archbishop Grindal, letter to Burleigh, 1575.)

When the Primate wrote thus to the Lord Treasurer, he added:—“that if

any hospitals be abused (as I think some are) it were a more Christian

suit to seek reformation than destruction.” Although the decline of

some hospitals led to the dissolution of many, it by no means follows

that such a course was justifiable.

Speaking generally, charities which had outlived their usefulness

had already been suppressed before the general Dissolution and their

property transferred to other purposes. The leper-houses of Windsor

and Huntingdon, for example, were evidently deserted and ruinous when

they were annexed to Colleges at Cambridge (1462); and the hospitals of

Romney, Aynho and Brackley had been appropriated to Magdalen College,

Oxford (1481–5) because they were no longer carrying out the founder’s

intentions. St. John’s, Reading, and St. Bartholomew’s, Bristol, had

already been converted into schools, the latter as recently as 1532.

[Illustration: _PLATE XXIV._ AMBULATORY OF ST. LEONARD’S, YORK]

In most of the existing hospitals good work was being [p227]

done; the _Valor Ecclesiasticus_ and Chantry Surveys show that

money was expended upon useful charities. Layton’s report of St.

Mary’s, Leicester, that it was “well kept and honest men therein”

was true of many almshouses throughout the land. Where evils are

complained of, they were not so much breaches of morality on the part

of the household, as neglect and wastefulness in administration. A

carefully-regulated commission to inquire into matters of finance

could well have rectified abuses in ill-managed institutions.

Had justice and magnanimity held sway instead of rapacity and

selfishness, the old houses of mercy would have been refreshed and

their utility doubled just when a far wider charity was needful on

account of the annihilation of benevolent monasteries. This was done

in some foreign countries. Through the protection of Gustavus Vasa,

Swedish lazar-houses survived the Reformation. In Denmark, Dominican

and Franciscan friaries were transformed into hospitals, and the

leper-houses subsequently became places of isolation for contagious

diseases. In France, where there was no ecclesiastical upheaval,

decayed hospitals were reformed (1545) and put under the control of the

bourgeois class (1561).

The various Acts of Henry VIII’s reign show that the oppression of the

poor was not at first intended. The Statute for the suppression of

vagrancy (1530–1) approved the charitable work of hospitals. One clause

in that of 1535–6 required that those who entered into possession of

the lands of religious houses should provide hospitality and service

for the poor as of old. In the draft for the bill of 1539 the Commons

proposed that the greater monasteries not dissolved should build

bede-houses in which [p228] to maintain for life ten poor men over

sixty years of age.

Here, indeed, was a golden opportunity to increase the benevolent

institutions of the country. Much that was becoming useless might have

been transformed into a great and permanent benefit. Charitable relief

might have been placed under public control upon a sound religious

and financial basis. But reformation too often proved to be mere

destruction, as “Mors” shrewdly remarks:—

“Your pretence of putting downe abbeys, was, to amend that was amisse

in them. . . . It is amended euen as the deuell amended his dames

legge (as it is in the prouerbe) whan he shuld haue set it ryght, he

bracke it quyte in peces.”[147]

It is evident that the monastic system had been gradually losing its

hold on the nation. The idea of partial disendowment had also been

working in men’s minds, no one foreseeing that the plunder of rich

foundations would ultimately lead to the robbery of poor people. In

1410 the Commons petitioned in the Parliament of Westminster that the

surplus wealth of ecclesiastics might be transferred to other uses,

and that destitute persons might benefit by the provision of new

hospitals. Henry IV replied that he would deliberate upon the matter,

and although no revised appropriation of funds then took place, he did

afterwards suppress certain alien priories, a policy which was followed

by Henry V. In 1414 the above proposal was renewed in the Parliament

of Leicester, but the astute Chichele undertook that the clergy

should supply money for the wars:—“a thrust was made at all [p229]

Abbies,” says Fuller, “which this Archbishop, as a skilful Fencer,

fairly put by.” In the following century Wolsey, not anticipating the

wholesale destruction which was to follow, sought to dissolve certain

small priories in order to assist educational institutions (1523). A

contemporary writer observes that by this precedent “he did make loose

in others the conscience towardes those houses.”

The people desired the reformation of hospitals and an extension of the

system. Sir John Oldcastle’s bill in 1414 proposed the foundation of

new institutions each to be endowed with one hundred marks yearly. The

Commons suggested that money now wasted by churchmen might maintain a

standing army and also suffice to provide:—

“an hundred houses of alms, to the relief of poor people . . . with

oversight of two true seculars unto every house. And also with

provision that every township should keep all poor people of their

own dwellers, which could not labour for their living, with condition

that if more fell in a town than the town could maintain, then the

said almshouses to relieve such townships.”[148]

A similar plan was proposed by Brinklow about the year 1542. He

probably uttered what was in the minds of many when he suggested

measures for the re-distribution of ecclesiastical wealth. One chapter

of his _Complaint_ contains “A Godly aduisement howe to bestowe the

goodes and landes of the Bisshops &c. after the Gospell, with an

admonytion to the Rulers, that they loke better upon the hospitals.” A

part might, he thought, be given in alms to the blind, sick and lame,

to free schools, or to needy maidens for marriage portions, etc. [p230]

Poorhouses and parish doctors should be provided, and he adds:—

“Item, part of these forsayde goodes may be employed to this use,

that in euery hundreth, good towne or citie, certein houses be

mainteined, to lodge and kepe pore men in, such as be not able to

labour, syck, sore, blind, and lame, and euery one of them to haue

wherwith to liue, and to haue poore whole women to minister unto

them. . . . Let Physycians and Chyrurgians be founde in euery suche

town or cyte, where such houses be, to loke uppon the Poore in that

Town, and in all other Joyninge unto it and they to lyue uppon their

stipend onely, without taking any penny of their pore, uppon payne of

lousing both his eares and his stipend also.”

Henry VIII proposed to the Commons very much what their predecessors

had suggested to Henry IV and Henry V, omitting, nevertheless, the

clause relating to a hundred new almshouses. If they would grant him

the religious houses, these should not be converted to private uses,

and the army would be strengthened and taxes reduced. No provision,

however, was made for these projects, but the king was put in

possession of the monasteries, and then of the chantries, hospitals and

free chapels. The Parliament, in granting the hospitals to the king and

his heirs for ever, expressed its confidence in the royal benevolence

towards them and desire for their improvement:—

“The Kinges Highnes of his most godlie and blessed disposicion

entendeth to have the premisses used and exercised to more godlie and

uertuouse purposes and to reduce and bringe them into a more decent

and convenient order, for the commoditie and welthe of this his

realme and for the suertie of the subjects.”

When the king went to prorogue Parliament, he seems to [p231] have

alluded in his “Oration,” as set forth by Foxe, to the above expression

of their hopes and wishes:—

“Surely if I, contrary to your expectation, should suffer the

ministers of the church to decay; . . . or poor and miserable people

to be unrelieved; you might say that I, being put in so special

a trust, as I am in this case, were no trusty friend to you, nor

charitable man to mine even-christened, [fellow Christians], neither

a lover of the public wealth, nor yet one that feared God, to whom

account must be rendered of all our doings. Doubt not, I pray you,

but your expectation shall be served more godly and goodly than you

will wish or desire, as hereafter you shall plainly perceive.”

But although Henry VIII thus professed to remember the higher court of

justice, his conduct gave no evidence of it. Brinklow ventured upon

a reminder in _A Supplication of the Poore Commons_,[149] published

shortly after the king’s speech:—

“We beseke you (most deare Soueraine) euen for the hope you haue

in the redemption of Christ, that you call to remembraunce that

dreadfull daye, whan your Highnesse shall stande before the judgement

seat of God in no more reputation then one of those miserable

creatures which do nowe daylye dy in the stretes for lack of theyr

dwe porsion.”

He continues to point out in forcible language that the portion

due by God’s ordinance to poor impotent folk, the lame, blind, lazar

and sore members of Christ—who once had been lodged in hospitals and

almshouses—is now given by the king and his nobles to “reward those

gnatonical elbowhangers, your chaplaines.” In spite of the vehement

abuse of parasitical clergy in which the above writer indulges, it was

in the main lay-people rather than churchmen who divided the spoils.

Fuller—who quaintly [p232] writes that “this king made three meals, or

(if you will) one meal of three courses, on Abbey-lands, besides what

Cardinal Wolsey (the king’s taster herein) had eaten beforehand”—goes

on to say “yet surely more tendernesse was used to hospitalls,” and

finds “very few of them finally suppressed.” But hospital endowments

did certainly form a substantial dish at Henry’s feast, to which many

royal favourites were bidden. Some fell with the smaller priories

(1536), a few with the greater houses (1539), and others were

extinguished under the Act for dissolving chantries, free chapels,

hospitals, and guilds (1545); a further Act of confiscation marked

the first year of Edward VI’s reign (1547). In some places charities

were indiscriminately swept away. A manuscript history of Gorleston

records, for example, that “Henry VIII ordered that all the premises of

. . . the Hospitals of St. James, St. John, St. Bartholomew, St. Luke,

and the church and hospital of St. Nicholas . . . should be sold.” No

consistent plan was followed, but—whether under ecclesiastical or lay

control—charities were destroyed or spared at will. Speaking generally,

institutions in private hands were suppressed, those in the possession

of corporate bodies, retained.

[Illustration: _PLATE XXV._ ST. LEONARD’S, YORK]

Few houses of Crown patronage escaped. The Commissioners, announcing

to Cromwell (1537) the dissolution of certain northern monasteries,

add:—“We have also altered the howse of Sancte Leonerdes in Yourke,

after suche ordre and fassion as we trust shall appeir to your lordship

to be to the kinges honour and contentacion.”[150] In truth the

alteration meant annihilation for St. Leonard’s; and St. Nicholas’

hospital in the same city also [p233] disappeared. In London, the

Savoy, fresh from the hand of the builder, was dissolved. The sisters

of St. James’, Westminster, surrendered (receiving life-pensions),

whereupon “the king builded there a goodly Mannor, annexing thereunto

a Parke.”[151] The Maison Dieu, Dover, a rich foundation with good

buildings near the quay, was declared suitable for a victualling yard

(1544) which it eventually became.

Hospitals attached to a cathedral or see were usually, but not always,

spared. In the bishopric of Durham, for example, the houses of Sherburn

and Greatham survived, but neither Kepier nor the bishop’s hospital at

Northallerton. God’s House, Portsmouth, was surrendered and became an

armoury; in the Library of the Society of Antiquaries is a document of

1547 concerning “Munycions within the Churche at Goddeshouse.”[152] St.

John’s, Ely, was spared, yet only for a while. The episcopal hospitals

at Bath and Norwich remained in use, but under the municipality.

If directly dependent upon a monastic house, the fate of a hospital was

practically sealed. Take, for instance, the case of St. James’, near

the gate of Lewes Priory. From the monastery now demolished thirteen

men and one woman had had all their living; wherefore Peter Thompson

and the bedefolk begged relief (1538).[153] Hospitals of lay-foundation

which had been subsequently placed under monastic supervision, but

with distinct endowments, fell as forming part of the sequestrated

property. In some cases the Crown kept up charities for a time. The

[p234] return of pensions in 1552 shows that sums were paid out of the

tenements of Nostell Priory to inmates of St. Nicholas’, Pontefract.

The poor dwelling in the so-called “Kings Majesty’s almshouses” at

Glastonbury (formerly abbey-pensioners) were also granted weekly

allowances. This was generous, for although Henry VIII and Edward VI

were fond of giving their names to charitable institutions, they too

often gave little else.

The two Statutes authorizing the dissolution of Chantries, etc.

(1545–1547) extinguished or reduced in means, some houses of charity.

When an almshouse was spared, the Crown sometimes demanded an

acknowledgment; at Beverley the rents in 1545 include a new item of £4

paid by the town to the king and queen for the Trinity Maison Dieu.

“Hospitals” were not rightfully within the scope of the second Act.

Thus Foster’s almshouse in Bristol being, as the certificate states:—

“for the helpynge relief and comforte of a certeyn nomber of poore

people there to contynue and haue their liuinge from tyme to tyme for

euer, is without the compasse of the statute and the King’s Majestie

not entitled thereunto by force of the same.”

In the preface to the _Yorkshire Chantry Surveys_, it is stated

that most, if not all, of the hospitals which were returned on the

certificates there printed were left undissolved, save that in a few

cases funds were transferred to educational purposes. Testimony is

borne in 1552 to the usefulness of one of the Pontefract almshouses,

where fourteen bedemen were supported:—

[Illustration: _PLATE XXVI._ ABINGDON ALMSHOUSES]

“Thes persons be called cremettes and le pore and agyd people,

and placyd in a howse, callyd Seynt Nycoles Hospytell, [p235] and

when any of them dyeth another ys placyd in the dedes roome, and ys

very convenyent to be contynuyd, as well for the helpe of the pore

and agyd people of the towne as for others.”

In many places, however, endowments were seized by virtue of this Act.

A sixteenth-century MS. states:—

“Item, there ar within the towne and parishe of Taunton xliiij^{or}

almshowses full of poore people whereunto there was certen Lande

belonginge which by the Suppression of Chaunteries was taken

awaie soe that now thinhabitaunts doe beare the whole burden them

selues.”[154]

The dissolution of fraternities also affected the maintenance of the

poor. Of almshouses associated with gilds at Colchester, Stratford

and Abingdon, none survived save the latter, which was incorporated

by Edward VI. St. John’s hospital in Winchester outlived the

fraternity annexed to it. St. Thomas’, York, which had been united to

Corpus Christi Gild, weathered the storm, its officials afterwards

diplomatically inviting the mayor and aldermen “to be brether with us

in the same hospital.”

Those houses were fairly secure which were already the property of

municipal authorities, who indeed received fresh patronage at this

time (e.g. at Canterbury, Norwich, Bath)—a policy which obtained the

support of the great middle-class. At this crisis the public-spirited

action of more than one corporation saved charities from extinction.

In the Survey for Wiltshire (1548), quoted by Mr. Leach in _English

Schools at the Reformation_, the following entry is made:—“There is

an Hospitall within Marleborowe . . . wiche the sayd mayre and commons

humbly desyre the Kingis Highnes and his mooste Honourable councell

[p236] to conuerte into a Free scole for the inducement of youth.” But

before the townsmen obtained their school, it was necessary to sell

the stock of plate intended to pass from mayor to mayor, “as hath byn

credibly reported,” says a book formerly belonging to the Chamber. To

cite another example, the corporation of Bristol received St. Mark’s

as a “gift,” that is, the sum of £1000 was paid into the treasury

of the Court of Augmentations, besides an annual rent of £20. The

city obtained part of the property in return on easy terms, for, as

Fuller would observe, there were “many good bargains, or rather cheap

pennyworths, bought of abbey lands.” It is said that more than half the

purchase-money was raised by the sale of church plate.

In London, the citizens, under the leadership of the Lord Mayor, made

an urgent petition to Henry VIII (1538) for the re-foundation of

certain hospitals:—

“for the ayde and comforte of the poore sykke, blynde, aged and

impotent persones, beyng not able to helpe theymselffs, nor

hauyning any place certeyn whereyn they may be lodged, cherysshed

and refresshed tyll they be cured and holpen of theyre dyseases

and syknesse. For the helpe of the said poore people, we enforme

your grace that there be nere and w^{t}yn the cytye of London three

hospytalls or spytells, comenly called Saynt Mary Spytell, Saynt

Bartylmews Spytell, and Saynt Thomas Spytell, . . . fownded of good

devo[~c]on by auncyent fathers, and endowed w^t great possessions and

rents.”

The petitioners promise that if the king will grant the governance of

these hospitals to them with their possessions, they shall be reformed

and their usefulness increased:—

“A greatter nombre of poore nedy sykke and indygent persones shalbe

refresshed maynteyned comforted fownde heled [p237] and cured of

theyre infyrmytyes frankly and frely, by phisicions, surgeons, and

appotycaryes, . . . so that all impotent persones not able to labor

shall be releued . . . and all sturdy beggars not willing to labor

shalbe punisshed, so that w^t Godd’s grace fewe or no persones shalbe

seene abrode to begge or aske almesse.”

It appears that no response was made to this appeal until 1544. St.

Mary’s had been dissolved, never to be restored, St. Thomas’ was

deserted, and St. Bartholomew’s, “vacant and altogether destitute of

a master and all fellows or brethren.” After six years’ delay, the

king heeded the petition. He was exceedingly anxious to emphasize

his compassionate character and eager desire for the improvement of

hospitals. If the petitioners had invited him to win the name of

conservator, defender and protector of the poor, he writes as though he

were indeed all these:—

“We being of the same [hospital] so seised, and, divine mercy

inspiring us, desiring nothing more than that the true works of piety

and charity should not be abolished there but rather fully restored

and renewed according to the primitive pattern . . . and the abuses,

in long lapse of time lamentably occurring, being reformed, we have

endeavoured . . . that henceforth there be comfort to the prisoners,

shelter to the poor, visitation to the sick, food to the hungry,

drink to the thirsty, clothes to the naked, and sepulture to the dead

administered there . . . we determine to create, erect, found and

establish a certain hospital.”

By virtue of these letters-patent the name of the ancient institution

was to be “The House of the Poor in West Smithfield of the foundation

of King Henry VIII.” The noble “founder” is commemorated by the gateway

and by a portrait in the Common Room; whilst a window in [p238] the

hall depicts Sir R. Gresham receiving the “foundation-charter.”

If the “creation” of St. Bartholomew’s—after above four hundred years

of usefulness—was due to Henry VIII, its preservation was due almost

entirely to the good citizens of London. Its former possessions

being now vested in the Crown, the king agreed by an Act of Common

Council to endow it to the extent of 500 marks a year (about £333).

The citizens—“thinkying it for their partes rather to litle then

enough”—gladly met the offer with a similar sum annually; they also

raised nearly £1000 for initial expenses and opened the repaired and

refitted hospital for one hundred patients. They agreed henceforth

to buy and provide all manner of apothecary’s ware, and all that was

necessary for making salves and all other things touching physic

or surgery, for the healing of inmates. From this time onwards the

citizens interested themselves in this great institution which they

supported nobly. It did not become a municipal hospital, but was under

the guidance of the Lord Mayor and Governors.

By the same covenant the king “gave” St. Mary’s of Bethlehem to the

city. Stow says:—“It was an Hospitall for distracted people. . . .

the Mayor and Communalty purchased the patronage thereof with all the

landes and tenementes thereunto belonging, in the yeare 1546, the same

yeare King Henry the eight gave this Hospitall unto the Cittie.” In

other words, the citizens bought back that which had already been in

the guardianship of the city for about two hundred years.

In “The Ordre of St. Bartholomewes”[155] drawn up in [p239] 1552, a

report is given, so that all might know how things were administered

and support the work. During the preceding five years, eight hundred

persons had been discharged healed, and ninety-two had died. The

charity had been carried on in spite of great difficulties, and now

there was a design to increase it:—

“The Citie of their endlesse good wil toward this most necessarie

succour of their pore brethren in Christ, . . . wyshe al men to be

most assuredly perswaded, that if by any meanes possible thei might,

they desire to enlarge the benefyght to a thousand.”

A wish is expressed that all almoners and houses of alms might be

stirred up to do likewise “at this tyme namely, when the mysery of

the poore moste busily semeth to awake.” This same year the manor of

Southwark was purchased and St. Thomas’ repaired, so that whereas it

lately accommodated forty sick, it was reopened with 260 beds for the

aged, sick and sore. This “Hospitall of great receite for the poore,

was suppressed but againe newly founded and indowed by the benevolence

and charitie of the citizens,” says Stow. King Edward’s letters-patent

(1551) describe the miserable condition of the sick poor lying and

begging in the streets, “to their no small grief and pain and to the

great infection and molesting of his subjects. The king desiring the

health of the citizens in general no less than the cure of the sick,

therefore grants permission to the mayor and corporation to undertake

the work.”

The work of the re-founded houses of St. Bartholomew, St. Thomas, and

Bethlehem was supplemented in 1553 by Christ’s Hospital for fatherless

children, and Bridewell for the correction of idle vagabonds. These

institutions [p240] were provided partly from Edward VI’s private

purse and partly from the dissolved Savoy Hospital and Grey Friars.

Their initiation was due to the influence of Ridley, Bishop of London,

who took counsel with the Lord Mayor as to the condition of the poor,

and reported it to the young king. With the charitable provision after

1547 we are not, however, concerned, and only the ultimate effect of

the general Dissolution remains to be shown.

* * * * *

For, happily, this volume is no history of obsolete institutions. The

heritage of the past is to a certain extent ours to-day, and we can

rejoice in the uninterrupted beneficence of St. Bartholomew’s which

receives in the twentieth century as in the twelfth, “languishing men

grieved with various sores.” Words spoken by the Prince Consort in

reference to another foundation at once ancient and modern, are equally

true of St. Bartholomew’s and of the sister-hospital of St. Thomas:—

“It holds to this day the same honourable position in the estimation

of the country which it did in the time of its first formation,

exemplifying the possibility, in this happy country, of combining

the general progress of mankind with a due reverence for the

institutions, and even forms, which have been bequeathed to us by the

piety and wisdom of our forefathers.”[156]

More has come down to us than perhaps we realize. Canterbury retains

three venerable houses of alms. St. Mary’s, Chichester; St. Nicholas’,

Salisbury; and St. Giles’, Norwich, are still peaceful retreats in old

age. In the city of Winchester—St. Cross is not merely a monument of

unchangeable usefulness, but increased funds [p241] enable it to give

pensions in various parts of England to the value of £1200; the site of

St. Mary Magdalene’s is occupied by an isolation hospital, a portion of

the original endowment maintaining a small almshouse; while St. John’s

has been greatly enlarged.

[Illustration: 31. GATEWAY OF ST. JOHN’S, CANTERBURY]

Even where no ancient stones bear witness, modern bricks or coins

may be eloquent, for a part of the original [p242] endowment may

be applied to a renewed institution. For instance, the funds of the

demolished leper-hospital at Chichester are applied to a modern

infirmary. Sums arising from the “Lazarhouse Charity” (Launceston) or

“Magdalene Lands” (in Devonshire) are now and again expended upon food

and fuel for the poor. And although York shows in the fragment of St.

Leonard’s but a memorial of fallen greatness, what appears to be a

remnant of its rich revenues is still paid to thirty-one poor people,

for the curious name “Cremitt Money” is surely derived from the inmates

of that hospital, commonly known as “cremettes” (a corruption of

_eremites_). The connection is clear enough in the case of the “Almsmen

of St. Bartholomew” at Oxford, and “St. Nicholas’ Almsmen” at Carlisle,

who represent former occupants of leper-houses. Again, the relation may

be intimate even when a modern charity perpetuates the ancient only by

force of association and memory. St. Leonard’s, Bedford, was revived in

1889, the original charity for the sick, paralysed, and lepers having

lapsed at the Dissolution. No endowments survived, but it is supported

locally. The present foundation is an association of religious and

philanthropic persons who supply nourishing diet to invalids in their

homes and assist them when convalescent. Thus, although the sole trace

of old buildings is one pillar-shaft serving as a sun-dial, the charity

itself is a living memorial of the ancient hospital.[157]

Finally, St. Leonard’s, Sudbury, and Sherburn House, Durham, illustrate

to what advantage the old order may yield place to new. The income

of St. Leonard’s, originally designed for three lepers, supplemented

by [p243] voluntary contributions, is applied to the maintenance of

fourteen beds for sick patients, the hospital being fully equipped with

modern medical and surgical appliances whilst maintaining the former

religious traditions. Sherburn, once a home for sixty-five outcasts,

was transformed into an almshouse when the scourge was removed. In

that “haunt of ancient peace” many are now sheltered in time of age

or chronic sickness; they worship daily in the old church; they are

visited and cheered by a master who has devoted his life to them, and

whose work is a labour of love. The revenues and practical benefits of

the hospital continue to increase; a modern dispensary is fitted up

there, by means of which hundreds of out-patients from the neighbouring

city are relieved.

“It is this renewing of itself which brings to English institutions

greatness, stability, and permanence. Thus the great traditions of

the past can be happily, wisely, and usefully combined with the

highest aspirations of the present and future.”

FOOTNOTES:

[134] Surtees Soc., 95, p. 238.

[135] Chron. and Mem., 71, iii. 162–5.

[136] Rot. Parl., i. 303.

[137] Peck, _Annals of Stanford_, ix. 32.

[138] Pat. 17 Edw. III, pt. i. m. 25_d_.

[139] Yorks. Arch. Assn. Record Series, xxiii. Inq. ii. p. 123 et sq.

[140] Pat. 16 Edw. III, pt. ii. m. 22 _d_. Close 20 Edw. III, pt. i. m.

4 _d_.

[141] Close 6 Edw. III, m. 29 _d_.

[142] Lichfield Reg., 1344, Wm. Salt, Soc. i.

[143] See p. 213.

[144] See p. 242.

[145] It had been declining for above a century; a Papal Letter

(1435–6) states that for fifty years, on account of the diminution of

its fruits, etc., there were no brethren in the hospital.

[146] Aug. Off., Chantry Certificate 40 (36).

[147] _Complaint of Roderyk Mors_, ch. xiiij.

[148] Fabyan, _Chronicles_, ed. 1811, p. 578.

[149] Early Eng. Text Soc., 77.

[150] Camden Soc., 1843, p. 166.

[151] Stow, _Survey of City of Westminster_, bk. vi. p. 4.

[152] MS. Soc. Antiq. cxxix. f. 274.

[153] Cal. of Letters and Papers, Hen. VIII, 13. i. 383.

[154] B.M. Add. 30277, f. 3.

[155] Early Eng. Text Soc. Extra liii. App. xvi.

[156] Speeches, p. 104.

[157] Communicated by the Secretary.

[p244]

PART TWO

NOTES ON HOSPITAL PATRON SAINTS

“_Hospitals . . . founded to the honour of God and of His glorious

Mother._” (Parliament of Leicester.)

The words “GOD’S HOUSE,” and “MAISON DIEU” were familiar enough in

mediæval England. A hospital was the house of God, for therein Christ

was received in the person of the needy:—“I was a stranger and ye took

Me in, sick, and ye visited Me.” It was also built in His Name and to

His honour, for the principle underlying all dedications was, says

Hooker, that they “were consecrated unto none but the Lord only.” But

with God’s Name that of one of His saints was often associated, and by

this the hospital was commonly called; thus a charter of Basingstoke

ran:—“I have given and granted to God and to the glorious Virgin His

Mother, and to my venerable patron St. John the Baptist the house

called St. John.”

THE HOLY TRINITY.—Hospitals bearing this title are not very numerous,

though it often occurs as first of a group. There are a few single

dedications early in the thirteenth century, which may be partly

attributed to the institution of the Feast of Trinity by St. Thomas

of Canterbury. Two hundred years later it was a fairly common [p245]

dedication for almshouses. The seals depict various symbols. The

“majesty” representing the Three Persons, occurs at Walsoken; the

Almighty seated upon a rainbow (Salisbury); our Lord enthroned

(Berkeley); whilst a triple cross ornaments the Dunwich seal. Bonde’s

almsmen at Coventry bore upon their gowns “the cognizance of the

Trinity.”

THE HOLY SAVIOUR; CHRIST; CORPUS CHRISTI.—The Second Person of the

Godhead is seldom commemorated, but the dedication to the Blessed

Trinity was regarded as synonymous, for the almshouse at Arundel

occurs indifferently as Christ’s or Holy Trinity. The Maison Dieu at

York, commonly called Trinity, was properly that of the Holy Jesus—or

Christ—and the Blessed Virgin, and the chantry certificate is headed

“The Hospital of the Name of Jhesus and Our Blessyd Ladye.” St.

Saviour was the invocation of houses at Norwich and Bury, and the

fair in connection with the latter charity was held at the feast of

the Transfiguration. “Y^e masendew of Chryste” at Kingston-upon-Hull

was originally “Corpus Christi,” but it is remarkable to find that

rarely-preserved dedication-name upon an Elizabethan table of rules.

The seal of the Holloway hospital, near London, shows Christ (with the

orb) and St. Anthony.

THE HOLY GHOST.—This sacred title, closely associated with the mediæval

charities of Germany and famous in Rome, was rarely used in England.

At Sandon (Surrey) was a hospital “commonly called of the Holy

Ghost,”[158] though an alternative name occurs. A hidden dedication

is sometimes revealed, for the houses usually known as St. Thomas’,

Canterbury, St. Margaret’s, Taunton, [p246] St. John’s, Warwick, and

St. John’s, Hereford, are mentioned once in documents as being built

in honour of the Holy Ghost as well as of the saints named; all the

above instances refer to the years 1334–1353. At Lyme there was the

suggestive commemoration of the “Blessed Virgin and Holy Spirit.”

THE ANNUNCIATION; ST. GABRIEL; ST. MICHAEL; THE HOLY ANGELS.—Two

fourteenth-century foundations at Leicester and Nottingham commemorate

the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin. The seal of the former house

depicts St. Gabriel delivering his salutation. A kindred thought

underlies the dedication “to our lady St. Mary the Mother of Christ and

to St. Gabriel the Archangel” at Brough. (It is noteworthy that the

parish church was St. Michael’s.) Another institution, built by Bishop

Bronescombe of Exeter, who had a special devotion to the Archangel,

left its name to Clist Gabriel. The more ancient dedication to St.

Michael occurs at Whitby and elsewhere in Yorkshire. Michael de la Pole

founded an almshouse at Kingston-upon-Hull, partly in honour of “St.

Michael the Archangel and all archangels, angels and holy spirits.” A

fraternity at Brentford commemorated “The Nine Orders of Holy Angels,”

and in the Valor it is termed _hospitalis Angelorum_.

THE BLESSED VIRGIN; THE THREE KINGS OF COLOGNE; THE HOLY INNOCENTS.—The

statement referring to hospitals in general as “founded to the honour

of God and of His glorious Mother” explains more than one difficult

point. First, numerous as are the dedications to St. Mary, they

are fewer than those of some other saints, for instance, St. Mary

Magdalene. Secondly, a certain number of houses are set down as having

two patrons, yet the second [p247] saint appears to eclipse the

Blessed Virgin; that of Newport in Essex (given as St. Mary and St.

Leonard) usually bore St. Leonard’s name and kept its fair on his

festival. In many such cases there was in truth no double dedication;

and although gifts were made by charter to found a hospital at Bristol

“in honour of God, St. Mary and St. Mark”, later documents omit the

formula and call it “the house of St. Mark.”

[Illustration: _PLATE XXVII._ HOSPITAL OF ST. MARY THE VIRGIN,

NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE]

On the other hand many houses were dedicated solely in honour of the

Blessed Virgin, including five important institutions in London alone.

In addition to St. Mary (without Bishopsgate), St. Mary of Roncevalles

(Charing Cross) and Our Lady of Elsyng (Cripplegate), there was St.

Mary’s hospital or the House of Converts,—a witness to the doctrine

of the Incarnate Christ,—and St. Mary of Bethlehem, a name chosen on

account of the founder’s intense reverence for the holy Nativity. Stow

quotes the deed of gift made by Simon, “son of Mary”:—

“having speciall and singulor deuotion to the Church of the glorious

Virgin at Bethlehem, where the same Virgin brought forth our Saviour

incarnate . . . and where [to] the same Child to us there borne,

the Chiualrie of the heavenly Company sang the new Hymne _Gloria in

excelsis Deo_.”

The Holy Innocents were commemorated in the ancient leper-house outside

Lincoln. The existing chapel of an almshouse in Bristol built “in the

honour of God and the Three Kings of Cologne” (Leland’s _fanam trium

regum_) is the sole witness in the way of dedication in England to the

veneration of the Magi. The title is said to have been the choice of an

Abbot of Tewkesbury at the close of the fifteenth century. [p248]

HOLY CROSS AND HOLY SEPULCHRE.—Names commemorating the Death and

Burial of the Saviour are not infrequent. The history of St. Cross,

Winchester, touches that of the Knights of Jerusalem, with whom both

name and badge are connected. (See p. 207.) On the common seal the

master and priests are shown kneeling at the foot of the Cross; the

descent from the Cross is depicted upon the walls of the church.

This dedication is also appropriately associated with the hospitals

usually known as St. Mary Magdalene’s at Stourbridge and near Bath,

the fairs of which houses were held on the festivals of the Invention

and Exaltation of the Holy Cross. The chapel of St. Thomas of Acon

in Cheapside—under the Knights Templars—was dedicated to St. Cross.

The church attached to St. Bartholomew’s, Smithfield, was probably

named out of veneration for the relics of “the tree of life” which the

founder used in healing (see p. 95); and once exemptions were granted

“out of the king’s reverence for the Holy Cross, in honour of which the

church of the hospital of St. Bartholomew is dedicated.”[159]

The connection between St. Helen and the Holy Cross is best told in

reference to the hospital at Colchester. Although authentic records

only carry its history back to 1251, an illustrious antiquity is

claimed in an episcopal indulgence purporting to be issued about

1406. The tradition is quoted (but with modernized spelling) from the

_Antiquarian Repertory_:—

“Moreover, in the year of our Lord 670, Constantine, the son of the

blessed and holy woman Saint Elyn, sent his mother unto Jerusalem to

inquire of the Holy Cross that our Saviour Christ Jesu died upon,

likewise as it was shewed to him by [p249] token in the air and also

by revelation of the Holy Ghost. Then the holy woman, seeing the Will

of Almighty God, departed out of the town of Colchester where she

was born (there where the said hospital is founded in the honour of

Almighty God, the holy Cross and St. Elyn) and took her journey unto

Jerusalem and there . . . did win the same Cross. . . . Then the holy

victorious woman gave laud and loving to God and took one part of the

Holy Cross and closed it with gold and sent it to her hospital to

Colchester evermore to be abiding, with her ring, her girdle, and her

purse, with other 24 curious reliques.”

Finally, after relating a visit of St. Thomas of Canterbury to that

house, the story of the relic, inciting to devotion, pilgrimage visits

and contributions, is brought up to date:—

“Also in the year of our Lord 1401, there came thieves unto the

hospital by night and brake up the locks where the glorious relique

was, and took it away . . . then they took the blessed Holy Cross (as

it was, closed in gold the weight of 21 ounces) and cast it into the

pond, but it would not sink . . . and so the folks that did pursue

took it up and brought it home to the place again.”

This Colchester foundation was associated with the gild of St.

Cross (p. 18) and other gilds of that name maintained charities at

Stratford-on-Avon, Abingdon and Hedon. In the latter place the hospital

of St. Sepulchre gave its title to Newton St. Sepulchre. There were

pilgrim-houses at Nottingham and Stamford with the same dedication.

ST. JOHN BAPTIST, ST. MARY MAGDALENE AND ST. LAZARUS.—The cult of

these saints is intertwined with the history of the Religious Military

Orders of Jerusalem. The work of the Knights Hospitallers was to care

for sick and [p250] needy pilgrims. They maintained two important

infirmaries at Jerusalem, St. John’s for men, and St. Mary Magdalene’s

for women. Grateful guests returning from pilgrimage bore the report

of these houses far and wide; thus it came to pass that, throughout

Europe, hospitals unconnected with the order were founded, and by

force of association consecrated in honour of these saints. That of

St. John Baptist, Lechlade, is referred to in one deed as “St. John

of Jerusalem.” Such “houses of St. John” were usually for travellers.

One writer remarks that almost every town had a place to accommodate

the sick and wayfarers, and that they “were invariably dedicated to

St. John Baptist in connection with his wandering life.” Although this

saint did not monopolize the protection of strangers, he was certainly

adopted as patron by some hundred hospitals (excluding commanderies of

the Order of St. John).

Lanfranc’s foundation in his cathedral city was placed by him under

the patronage of St. John Baptist, on one of whose festivals (August

29) the archbishop had been consecrated. The hospital at Thetford kept

a fair on that day called “The Decollation of St. John Baptist”; but

the lepers of Harting celebrated their wake on June 24, “The Nativity

of St. John Baptist.” The strange customs connected with this latter

festival were especially observed in houses of which he was patron;

in memory of St. John Baptist it was usual at Sherborne for a garland

to be hung up on Midsummer Eve at the door of St. John’s, which the

almsmen watched till morning.

Seals usually depict the saint with his symbol of the Holy Lamb;

sometimes he points to a scroll (_Ecce Agnus Dei_). In two instances

(Banbury and Bristol) a patriarchal [p251] cross, one of the symbols

of the Knights Hospitallers, is shown; this double-armed cross is

likewise found on the gable of St. John’s, Northampton, where it is

considered a unique architectural feature.

St. Lazarus became the guardian of lepers partly through the influence

of the Order whose aim was to relieve the sick, and especially the

leprous, members of their brotherhood. They were introduced into

England in Stephen’s reign, when the hospital of the Blessed Virgin

and St. Lazarus was founded at Burton, afterwards known as Burton St.

Lazarus. The seal of this house depicts a bishop carrying in one hand a

fork or trident,[160] in the other a book; Dugdale ascribes the figure

to St. Augustine, but Mr. de Gray Birch attributes the mitred effigy to

St. Lazarus, traditional Bishop of Marseilles. Of the other dedications

to St. Lazarus little is known, some being of doubtful authenticity.

[Illustration: 32. SEAL OF ST. MARY MAGDALENE’S, BRISTOL]

The question naturally arises—why were lepers called _lazars_ in

common parlance, and why was _Lazarus_ chosen as their patron? A

curious confusion of ideas is revealed. The original person intended

was he who lay full of sores at the rich man’s gate. The banner of a

Flemish lazaretto displays scenes from the life of this Lazarus, who

appears clad as a mediæval leper, and carries a clapper.[161] The same

idea was familiar in England. David of Huntingdon having founded a

leper-house, Aelred the chronicler prays at his death:—“Receive his

soul into the bosom of Abraham with Lazarus whom he did not despise

but cherished.” A similar allusion occurs in Langland’s [p252] _Piers

the Plowman_: “And ich loked in hus lappe · a lazar lay ther-ynne.”

The _lazarus ulceribus plenus_ of the allegory, however, soon became

associated with the historical Lazarus of Bethany. Thus a colony of

north-country lepers dwelt in Sherburn hospital founded “in honour of

the Saviour, the Blessed Virgin, St. Lazarus, and his sisters Mary and

Martha.” This dedication was abbreviated into St. Mary Magdalene, and

the principal altar was in her honour. St. Mary Magdalene, universally

identified with St. Mary of Bethany, was thus commonly involved in the

curious double personality of St. Lazarus. In England, she was the most

popular of leper-patrons, no one save St. Leonard attaining to half her

number of dedications. We are told that St. Lazarus held this place

in France, St. James in central Europe, St. George in the North; but

in England, the Magdalene was supreme. The “Maudlin-house” was almost

synonymous with leper-hospital. Place-names testify to the devotion of

our forefathers to St. Mary Magdalene, and in several places “Mawdlyn

lands” mark the site of a leper-colony.

ST. BARTHOLOMEW had sixteen hospitals in England, chiefly in the South.

An old hymn, quoted by Dr. Norman Moore, describes the Apostle’s

medical powers. “Lepers he cleanses”—and to him were dedicated ancient

lazar-houses at Rochester, Oxford, Dover, etc. “The sick [p253] he

restores”—the Apostle having appeared to Rahere, sick with fever in

Rome (perhaps, it is suggested, upon the island of St. Bartholomew in

the Tiber), he builds upon his recovery a house of healing near London,

which for nearly eight hundred years has been a place of restoration.

“The lunatic are made whole”—and the _Book of the Foundation_ tells of

such a cure at St. Bartholomew’s:—

“ther yn a shorte space his witte was recoueryd, where a litill

tyme he taried, blessyng God that to his apostles hath uouchsaf to

commytte his excellent power, to hele syke, to clense lepers, and to

caste owte feendys.”

At St. Bartholomew’s, Oxford, a relic was treasured, namely, a portion

of the saint’s skin. The legend of his martyrdom is depicted upon the

seal of the Gloucester foundation, and he is shown knife in hand on the

Rochester seal. (Tail-piece of this chapter.)

ST. JAMES.—Of all the Apostles, St. James has the largest number of

hospitals, namely, twenty-six partly or wholly dedicated to him. This

is doubtless due to the fact that his shrine at Compostella was the

goal of Christendom, and the miracles of “Santiago” world-famous. St.

James’, Northallerton, was named as the direct result of a pilgrimage

to Compostella in the year 1200 by Philip, Bishop of Durham. Several

ports (Dunwich, Seaford, Shoreham) had houses in his honour. Hospital

seals depict the saint as a pilgrim, with water-bottle and scrip,

whilst one shows the token of escallop shells.

ST. JAMES & ST. JOHN.—Whereas there was apparently no parish in England

commemorating the brother-apostles, three hospitals (Aynho, Royston,

and Brackley) bore this double name. About Brackley, indeed, there is

some [p254] uncertainty. It occurs as “St. John and St. James” (1226),

“St. James and St. John Apostle” (1227); but also as “St. John Baptist”

(1301, 1471). The seal shows two figures, of which one scantily clad

and bearing a palm suggests the Baptist.

ST. JOHN EVANGELIST & ST. JOHN BAPTIST appear in conjunction at Exeter,

Sherborne, Newport Pagnell, Northampton, and Leicester. The original

and usual title at Exeter was St. John Baptist; but in 1354 Bishop

John de Grandisson, a benefactor, mentions “St. John the Baptist

and Fore-runner of Christ and St. John His Evangelist and Apostle.”

The seal of Northampton shows both saints with their symbols, and

the appellations BAPTI and EWA are placed over the figures. On the

Leicester seal the eagle of the Apostle is shown, and the scroll in

its talons may represent the _Ecce Agnus Dei_. When “St. John” occurs,

the dedication commonly proves to be to the Baptist; and even where

the Evangelist is expressly named, some later document reverts to his

namesake, e.g. Blyth, Burford, Castle Donington, Cirencester.

[Illustration: 33. SEAL OF ST. MARK’S, BRISTOL]

ST. MATTHEW, ST. MARK, and ST. LUKE were not uncommemorated. “The

house of St. Matthew” at Maiden Bradley, which occurs on one Patent

Roll (1242), was commonly called St. Mary’s; the double dedication is

mentioned in the Obituary Roll of Prior Elchester of Durham (1484),

viz.: _Eccles. B. Mar. et S. Math. Ap._ The fair, granted [p255] in

1215, was upon the vigil and feast of St. Matthew the Apostle. The

name of St. Mark’s, Bristol, is preserved in the existing chapel of

the hospital; the seal (Fig. 33) shows the saint writing his gospel,

the lion by his side. “The lepers of St. Luke the Evangelist at the

bridge-end of Beghton” are mentioned in 1334, but the locality is not

identified. There was also a hospital of St. Luke at Gorleston.

ST. ANDREW; _St. Thomas_; ST. STEPHEN.—There were dedications to St.

Andrew at Flixton, Denwall, Cokesford, and Hythe. It seems probable

that the last named was a re-foundation of St. Bartholomew’s, for “St.

Andrew” only occurs during the few years following its restoration

by Hamo, Bishop of Rochester, of which See that saint was patron.

It is improbable that any of the hospitals of St. Thomas were under

the patronage of that Apostle, although Tanner erroneously gives an

instance at Birmingham. They sprang up when St. Thomas the Martyr

of Canterbury was of paramount popularity. The ambiguous “St.

Thomas-on-the-Green” at Sherborne, for example, is referred to by

Leland as the “free chapel of Thomas Becket.” St. Stephen, the almoner

of the Early Church, was the appropriate patron of several houses of

charity, including three in the eastern counties. One was at Bury St.

Edmunds, where there were preserved in the abbey “certain drops of St.

Stephen’s blood which sprung from him at such time as he was stoned.”

The seals of Norwich and Hempton show their patron respectively as

martyr and minister.

ST. PAUL THE APOSTLE; ST. PAUL THE HERMIT; ST. PETER; ST.

PETRONILLA.—Although St. Peter and St. Paul are commemorated in

hundreds of parish-churches, their [p256] hospitals number only nine,

including those in York and London which were adjuncts of cathedrals

and borrowed their dedication-names. At Norwich, St. Paul the Hermit

was associated with his namesake. St. Peter and his daughter St.

Petronilla were patrons of leper-houses for priests and maidens at Bury

St. Edmunds. The virgin saint was famous locally and the skull of St.

Petronilla or Pernell, which was preserved in the abbey, was considered

efficacious in sickness. Indeed, the eastern counties were rich in her

relics, for a casket from the treasury of a Norwich priory, lent to

Henry III, contained, it was said, “of St. Petronella, one piece.”

[Illustration: 34. SEAL OF ST. CLEMENT’S, HODDESDON]

ST. CLEMENT; ST. LAWRENCE.—There were dedications to the Bishop of Rome

in Oxford, Norwich and Hoddesdon. On one seal, the last-named house

is called “the hospital of St. Clement” (Fig. 34), upon another “of

St. Anthony”; both depict not only the hermit but a mitred saint in

vestments, with hammer and horse-shoe. The connection with the forge

is not clear, but St. Clement is referred to as patron of ironworkers

in Sussex, and of blacksmiths in Hampshire. He was popularly regarded

rather as the seamen’s saint, and was invoked by mariners of a

fraternity of St. Clement connected with St. Bartholomew’s hospital,

Bristol. St. Lawrence the deacon, whose liberality [p257] towards

the sick and poor was proverbial, was guardian of twelve hospitals,

chiefly for lepers. This beloved martyr of Rome was venerated in

Canterbury, and the lepers dependent upon St. Augustine’s Abbey were

under his protection on a site now marked by St. Lawrence’s Cricket

Ground. “Lawrence Hill,” Bristol, also preserves the memory of a

leper-house. The old seal of St. Lawrence’s, Bodmin, shows the martyr

with his gridiron.

[Illustration: _PLATE XXVIII._

HOSPITAL OF ST. PETRONILLA, BURY ST. EDMUNDS

HOSPITAL OF ST. JAMES, DUNWICH]

ST. NICHOLAS.—The dedications in this name amount to twenty-nine,

eleven being in Yorkshire. St. Nicholas’, leper-house, Harbledown, was

founded by the Italian Lanfranc, whose native land had just acquired

the bones of the benevolent bishop, translated to Bari in 1087. The

hospitals of Royston and Bury St. Edmunds kept their fairs at the

festival of his “Translation.” So great was his popularity that Miss

Arnold-Forster remarks that if any dedication to St. Nicholas could

be traced in Derbyshire, he would have the distinction of being found

in every county. This one lack among the parish churches to which she

refers, is supplied by the existence of a hospital in his honour at

Chesterfield, and of an almshouse chapel at Alkmonton.

ST. ANTHONY.—Whereas few churches were consecrated in memory of this

hermit, twenty-one houses of charity were partly or wholly dedicated

to him. His aid was invoked when pestilence (_feu sacré_) wasted

France, and the initiation of the Order of St. Anthony spread his

fame. The French priory at Lenton maintained a hospital for “such as

were troubled with St. Anthony’s fire,” i.e. erysipelas. An indulgence

offered to contributors towards St. Anthony’s in London refers to

inmates “of whom [p258] some are so tortured and scorched by burnings

as of the pit, that being deprived of all use of their limbs, they

seem to be rather horrible deformities than human beings.” The saint

was invoked against contagion and all diseases. In England most of his

foundations were for lepers. One of the latest lazar-houses (Holloway,

1473) had a chapel of St. Anthony; but the full title on the seal is

“Holy Jesus and St. Anthony.”

The seals of the London, Hoddesdon, and Holloway hospitals (Figs. 30,

34) show St. Anthony with his tau cross, bell, and pig. When it was

forbidden for swine to roam in the streets, the Antonine monks retained

the right to turn out their pigs, which were distinguished by a bell.

Although the York hospital was not under the Order, the master claimed

one pig out of every litter. As late as 1538, when the London house of

St. Anthony had been appropriated to Windsor, licence was given “to

collect and receive the alms of the faithful, given in honour of God

and St. Anthony, . . . together with swine and other beasts.”

ST. AUGUSTINE; ST. BENEDICT; ST. BERNARD.—Whether the “hospital

for lepers of St. Augustine” at Newport (Isle of Wight) should be

considered a true dedication is hard to say; like the “Papey” in

London it may merely have been a community under the Austin Rule.

A leper-house in Norwich bore the name of St. Bennet’s; although

situated in St. Benedict’s parish, this must be regarded as a genuine

dedication, for the common seal depicts the patron. “St. Nicholas and

St. Bernard’s” at Hornchurch took its designation from the Great St.

Bernard in Savoy. (See p. 209.) [p259]

[Illustration: _PLATE XXIX._ THE HOSPITALITY OF ST. JULIAN

FROM THE PAINTING BY C. ALLORI]

ST. JULIAN THE HOSPITALLER was a singularly appropriate guardian.

Gervase of Southampton was himself following the example of St. Julian

when he turned his home into a resting-place for travellers. Leland

refers to God’s House, Southampton, as “dedicate to Saynct Juliane the

Bisshop,” but it was rather the “good harbourer” who was renowned in

mediæval England. The saint has been depicted in art helping a leprous

youth out of the ferryboat and welcoming him to his house. (Pl. XXIX.)

At the passage of the river at Thetford was a hospital, the chapel of

which commemorated St. Julian; and the leper-house near St. Albans was

in his honour.

ST. ALEXIS.—The story of Alexis himself is some clue to the unique

dedication found at Exeter. He forsook his home for many years, and

when at last he returned he was recognized by no one, but his parents

welcomed the ragged stranger for the sake of their wandering son. St.

Alexis was therefore regarded as the patron of mendicants.

ST. GEORGE AND ST. CHRISTOPHER.—There were hospitals of St. George at

Tavistock and Shrewsbury; the latter gave his name to one of the gates

and contributed his cross to the arms of the town. That of Yeovil

was dedicated to “St. George and St. Christopher the Martyrs”; each

pensioner was to wear upon his breast a red cross “as a sign and in

honour of St. George the Martyr, patron of the house of alms.” The

squire of Thame put his bedemen under the care of St. Christopher, as

is set forth upon his tomb:—

“that founded in the church of Thame a chantrie, vi pore men and a

fraternitye, In the worship of Seynt Cristofore to be relevid in

perpetuyte.” [p260]

[Illustration: 35. SEAL OF ST. KATHERINE’S, BRISTOL]

ST. MARGARET; ST. KATHERINE; ST. URSULA.—There are eighteen houses in

honour of St. Margaret, and they are chiefly for lepers. It is possible

that in the case of Huntingdon the name may enshrine the memory of the

saintly lady of Scotland, who died in 1093, although, it is true, she

was not canonized until 1250; her son, David of Huntingdon, built St.

John’s in that town, and he may have founded St. Margaret’s, of which

his daughter and grandson were benefactors. The hospitals dedicated to

St. Katherine also number about eighteen. That royal saint was chosen

by Stephen’s queen as the protector of her charitable foundation for

women. Katharine of Aragon obtained for this house a gift of relics,

including part of the tomb of the saint sent by the Pope, “out of

respect for the Hospital of St. Katharine.” The seal of this house and

of that at Bristol (Fig. 35) show the saint crowned, [p261] with sword

and wheel, and the latter device was also worn on the habit. Wigston’s

hospital, Leicester, was named “St. Ursula and St. Catherine.”

Bonville’s almshouse at Exeter includes in its unique dedication St.

Ursula’s famed companions; it was in honour of “The Blessed Virgin, the

Eleven Thousand Virgins and St. Roch.”

ST. ANNE; ST. HELEN.—The mother of the Blessed Virgin was commemorated

at Ripon, and together with other saints at Norwich, Oakham,

Stoke-by-Newark, Brentford and Hereford. St. Helen, the mother of

Constantine, had hospitals at Derby and Braceford, besides that alluded

to under the title “Holy Cross.”

SAINTS OF FRANCE

ST. LEONARD.—The attitude of France to this hermit-saint was one of

deep devotion. Our Norman kings and nobles shared this veneration.

Foundations bearing his name at Chesterfield, Derby, Lancaster and

Nottingham, had privileges in the adjoining royal forests; and St.

Leonard’s, Launceston, was dependent on the Duchy. The hospital

at Northampton showed a crown upon its seal, and that of York

(re-dedicated to this saint by Stephen) bore the arms of England. St.

Leonard’s, Alnwick, was erected on the spot where the Scottish king

Malcolm fell. This saint had a reputation as a healer: “il était le

médecin des infirmes.” Some fifty-five charitable foundations had

St. Leonard for patron; they were mainly for lepers, and in certain

counties (notably Derby and Northampton) even St. Mary Magdalene had

to give place to him in this capacity. [p262] The “Hospital of St.

Leonard the Confessor” in Bedford was revived twenty years ago by a

band of brothers who met on St. Leonard’s Day and resolved to restore

the lapsed memory of this patron saint.

ST. GILES; ST. THEOBALD.—The houses of St. Giles number about

twenty-five. The chief one was that “in the fields” near London. He was

the cripples’ (and therefore the lepers’) patron, partly because he

himself suffered from lameness, and partly on account of the legend of

the wounded hart which fled to him, an incident depicted upon seals at

Norwich, Wilton and Kepier. Another French hermit, St. Theobald, shares

the dedication of the leper-house at Tavistock with St. Mary Magdalene.

ST. DENYS; ST. MARTIN; ST. LEGER; ST. LAUD; ST. ELIGIUS.—The hospital

at Devizes built by the Bishop of Salisbury was in honour of St. James

and St. Denys; the fair granted to the lepers was held on the vigil and

day of St. Dionysius. The charitable St. Martin occurs, with or without

St. John Baptist, at Piriho. St. Leger was commemorated at Grimsby. St.

Laud (or Lo) is an alternative patron at Hoddesdon. St. Eligius (or

Eloy) was venerated in houses at York, Stoke-upon-Trent, Cambridge and

Hereford.

ST. LOUIS; ST. ROCH.—These unique dedications are welcome among our

patron saints. That to the saintly king occurs in the Ely Registers,

contributions being invited in 1393 towards a chapel newly constructed

at Brentford (_Braynford_) in honour of the Blessed Anne and St. Louis

(_Ludovicus_) with houses for the reception of travellers. St. Roch,

who ministered to the plague-stricken of Italian hospitals in the

fourteenth century, [p263] was commemorated at Bonville’s almshouse in

Exeter, Rock Lane being a reminder of its chapel of St. Roch.

SAINTS OF ENGLAND

ST. OSWALD; ST. WULSTAN.—One hospital at Worcester “beareth the name

of St. Oswald as a thinge dedicate of ould tyme to him.” (See p. 2.)

The foundation of the other is ascribed to St. Wulstan himself. The

house grew in importance after the saint’s canonization in the year

1203, which followed a fresh display of miracles at his shrine. The

possession of the faithful bishop’s famous staff was disputed between

hospital and priory.[162]

The common seal shows the patron in the act of benediction, staff in

hand.

ST. GODWALD; ST. DAVID.—The chapel of St. Wulstan’s was dedicated to

St. Godwald. “Some say he was a bishop” is Leland’s commentary. Miss

Arnold-Forster identifies him with Gulval, hermit-bishop in Wales.

St. David, the Welsh Archbishop (canonized 1120), was commemorated at

Kingsthorpe, by Northampton, the house being frequently called “St.

Dewi’s.”

_St. Brinstan_; ST. CHAD; _St. Cuthbert_, _etc._—Although Leland had

read that “St. Brinstane foundid an hospitale at Winchester,” nothing

is known of it. “Here is a hospital of St. Chadde,” he remarks at

Shrewsbury, referring to the church and almshouse. Two dedications

sometimes ascribed to St. Cuthbert, namely at Gateshead and Greatham,

within “the patrimony of St. Cuthbert,” hardly justify his inclusion

among patrons, although he is named in the deed of gift. The same may

be said [p264] of documentary allusions to St. Erkenwald, St. Hilda

and St. Richard in connection with foundations at Ilford, Whitby and

Chichester.

ST. ETHELBERT; ST. EDMUND, KING & MARTYR; ST. EDMUND, ARCHBISHOP &

CONFESSOR.—The royal Ethelbert and Edmund are included among our

saints. St. Ethelbert’s, Hereford, is attached to the cathedral and

shares its patron. In the case of the ten houses of St. Edmund, it is

not always possible to determine whether the Saxon king is intended or

Edmund Rich, Archbishop of Canterbury. The “spital on the street” in

Lincolnshire and the hospital by Doncaster Bridge were in honour of the

royal martyr; whilst those of Leicester and Windeham commemorated the

archbishop, the latter being founded by his devoted friend, St. Richard

of Chichester, who had recently attended the solemn “Translation” at

Pontigny.

[Illustration: _PLATE XXX._

CHAPEL OF ST. EDMUND THE KING, SPITAL-ON-THE-STREET

CHAPEL OF ST. EDMUND THE ARCHBISHOP, GATESHEAD]

St. Edmund’s, Gateshead, has puzzled historians because the

designations vary between King, Archbishop, Bishop and Confessor.

Surtees and others concluded that all had reference to one foundation,

but Mr. J. R. Boyle proves that there were two with distinct

endowments, and that both chapels were standing a century ago. Now

it is recorded that Nicholas of Farnham was the founder of that of

“St. Edmund the Bishop.” A sidelight is thrown upon the subject by

Matthew Paris, whose narrative of the miraculous recovery of Nicholas

in 1244 through the agency of St. Edmund has escaped the notice of

local topographers. The emaciated sick man bade farewell and received

the last rites when he was restored by the application of a relic of

the archbishop. From this incident it seems likely that the hospital

was a [p265] votive offering and that it was consecrated soon after

Archbishop Edmund was enrolled among the saints. The papal letter

of canonization (1246) describes his beautiful character and the

miraculous events which followed his death. When it declares that “he

healed the swelling dropsy by reducing the body to smaller dimensions,”

the allusion is surely to the recent recovery of Bishop Nicholas, who

had been suffering from that infirmity.

[Illustration: 36. A PILGRIM’S SIGN]

ST. THOMAS THE MARTYR OF CANTERBURY was believed to surpass all others

in powers of healing. His miracles were usually wrought by means of

water mixed with a drop of the martyr’s blood; this was carried away

in a leaden _ampulla_, and its contents worked wonders. (See Fig. 8.)

Others would purchase a “sign,” upon which was announced in Latin:—“For

good people that are sick Thomas is the best of physicians.” (Fig. 36.)

Many of these pilgrims to Canterbury lodged in the hospital of [p266]

St. Thomas (Pl. II), said to have been founded by the archbishop

himself, whose martyrdom is depicted on the walls of the hall. The

chapel was dedicated to his special patron, the Blessed Virgin. St.

Thomas’, Southwark, also claimed him as founder, and two other houses

were intimately connected with him. One was Becket’s early home in

Cheapside, enlarged by his sister Agnes and her husband, whose charter

grants land “formerly belonging to Gilbert Becket, father of the

blessed Thomas the Martyr . . . being the birthplace of the blessed

martyr.” Privileges were accorded to it long afterwards “from devotion

to the saint, who is said to have been born and educated in that

hospital.” (This foundation was usually called St. Thomas of Acon, but

it is believed that the designation had at first no connection with

Acres, but rather with the original owner of the property.) The second

house with family associations was at Ilford, for while Becket’s sister

was abbess of Barking, the lepers’ chapel was re-consecrated with the

addition of the name of St. Thomas.

Nor were his friends less faithful, for when Becket’s chancellor

Benedict (afterwards his biographer) was transferred from Canterbury

to Peterborough, he completed a foundation in his honour. Probably

Benedict was also concerned in the choice of name at Stamford,

especially as that dependent house adopted St. John Baptist and St.

Thomas as joint patrons; for the fact that the new martyr’s body

was laid near the altar of the Baptist called forth from several

chroniclers (as Stanley points out) the remark that St. John Baptist

was the bold opponent of a wicked king. In a document relating to the

Stamford house, St. Thomas is referred to as “the proto-martyr,” but

the claim is hard to justify. He was [p267] commemorated with St.

Stephen at Romney, a dedication which would have given him abundant

satisfaction; for previous to his flight in 1164 he celebrated,

as having a special portent, the mass “in honour of the blessed

proto-martyr Stephen.”

It is a far cry from Kent to Northumberland, but there existed at

Bolton a hospital of St. Thomas. Within a few miles had been fought the

Battle of Alnwick, a victory won, it was believed, as the result of

the king’s public penance the same day (1174). The date of foundation

is not recorded, but it was begun before 1225. About the same time

a hospital of St. Thomas was being built at Hereford, by one of

the Warennes, whose father had bitterly opposed the then unpopular

Chancellor. The new devotion to St. Thomas was fanned into flame by

the magnificent ceremony of 1220 on the removal of his body to its

wonderful shrine. Soon after this, a hospital was founded at Bec, and

the patronage annexed to the See of Norwich; it was consecrated by

Bishop Pandulph, who had taken a leading part in the “Translation,”

an event which was henceforth celebrated on July 7. For centuries the

shrine was held in high honour. The Letter Books of Christ Church,

Canterbury, record miracles in 1394 and 1445.[163] So notable was the

first of these that Richard II wrote to congratulate the archbishop,

acknowledging his thankfulness to “the High Sovereign Worker of

miracles who has deigned to work this miracle in our days, and upon a

foreigner, as though for the purpose of spreading . . . the glorious

fame of His very martyr,” adding a pious wish that it might result in

the conversion of those in error at a time when “our faith and belief

[p268] have many more enemies than they ever had time out of mind.”

Such signs were, in fact, an antidote to Lollardy, as is implied by the

public testimony of the Chapter to the cure of a cripple from Aberdeen

in 1445.

The kings continued to pay pilgrimage visits, and even Henry VIII

sent the accustomed offerings to Canterbury. His subsequent animosity

towards St. Thomas was a political move, as is shown by the report of

Robert Ward in 1535; having spied at the hospital of St. Thomas of Aeon

a window depicting the flagellation of Henry II by monks at the shrine,

he pointed out to Thomas Cromwell that Becket was slain “in that he

did resist the king.” Bale afterwards alludes thus to this burning

question:—

“A trayterouse knave ye can set upp for a saynte,

And a ryghteouse kynge lyke an odyouse tyrant paynte.

* * * * *

In your glasse wyndowes ye whyppe your naturall kynges.”[164]

In 1538 Henry thought it expedient to inform his loving subjects that

notwithstanding the canonization of St. Thomas “there appeareth nothing

in his life and exteriour conversation whereby he should be called a

saint, but rather . . . a rebel and traitor to his prince.” Henceforth

few windows remained depicting the acts of the martyr,—though one

representation of the penance of Henry II is familiar to readers at the

Bodleian. The name was to be no longer perpetuated; “St. Thomas the

Martyr, Southwark,” becomes “Becket Spital” and then “St. Thomas the

Apostle,” whilst “Thomas House” is found at Northampton. [p269]

ALL SAINTS.—In spite of many general references to All Saints, the

invocation by itself was as rare for a hospital as it was common for

a church. Leland and the _Valor Ecclesiasticus_ give the dedication

of the Stamford bede-house as “All Saints.” The founder had willed

that “there be for ever a certain almshouse, commonly called William

Browne’s Almshouse, for the invocation of the most glorious Virgin Mary

and of All Saints, to the praise and honour of the Name Crucified.”

The almsmen’s special chapel in the parish church of All Saints was

in honour of the Blessed Virgin. The existing silver seal shows the

Father, seated, supporting between His knees the Saviour upon the

Cross, whilst the Spirit appears as a Dove.

_Alternative Dedications, etc._

There is frequently an uncertainty as to the invocation, even with

documentary assistance. A Close Roll entry (1214) mentions a foundation

at Portsmouth in honour of Holy Trinity, the Blessed Virgin, St. Cross,

St. Michael and All Saints. Usually the name is simply “God’s House,”

but often St. John Baptist or St. Nicholas. The seal seems to suggest

the original designation, for it shows a Cross, with the Divine Hand, a

scroll and angels. Again, God’s House at Kingston-upon-Hull was called

Holy Trinity or St. Michael’s, or from its situation “the Charterhouse

hospital”; but its full title was “in honour of God, and the most

glorious Virgin Mary His Mother, and St. Michael the Archangel, and

all archangels, angels and holy spirits, and of St. Thomas the Martyr,

and all saints of God.” It may be observed that inasmuch as the

founder Michael Pole was Chancellor of England, [p270] he looked to

his predecessor in office St. Thomas as patron, no less than to his

name-saint. By the foundation-deed of Heytesbury almshouse, it was in

honour of “the Holy Trinity, and especially of Christ our Redeemer,

the Blessed Virgin Mary His Mother, St. Katherine and all saints.”

The almsmen wore the letters JHU. XRT. upon their gowns. The Chantry

Certificate, nevertheless, gives St. John’s. The original seal shows a

Cross and the name _domus elimosinaria_, but the post-Reformation seal

has St. Katherine. Varying dedications are sometimes merely mistakes.

It must, however, be remembered that occasionally hospital and chapel

had different patrons, and that both were sometimes rebuilt and,

re-consecrated. As civil and ecclesiastical archives continue to reveal

their long-hidden information, the dedication-names of many houses

will doubtless come to light, together with notices of foundations at

present unknown to us.

* * * * *

Some seventy titles of hospitals are here recorded, as compared with

over six hundred different dedications of parish churches. In some

instances the patron of a charitable institution bequeathed his name to

a parish. At Tweedmouth, St. Bartholomew of the hospital was powerful

enough to dispossess St. Boisil, the rightful patron of the place. The

parishes of St. Mary Magdalene, Colchester, St. Giles-in-the-Fields,

London, and St. Giles, Shrewsbury, have grown up round a former

leper-house. Several modern churches, such as St. John’s, Bridgwater,

occupy the site and carry on the name of an old foundation.

In conclusion, it must be observed that since the subject of England’s

Patron Saints has been fully dealt with by [p271] Miss Arnold-Forster,

no attempt has here been made to make more than passing allusions

to the lives of hospital saints. The foregoing notes on saints were

suggested by her _Studies in Church Dedications_.

[Illustration: 37. SEAL OF THE HOSPITAL OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW, ROCHESTER]

FOOTNOTES:

[158] Pat. 14 Hen. VI, pt. i. m. 4.

[159] Pat. 16 Hen. VI, pt. ii. m. 17.

[160] Probably intended to represent the clappers; compare design on

seal of St. Mary Magdalene’s, Winchester.

[161] Lacroix, _Military and Religious Life_, 353.

[162] F. T. Marsh, _Annals of St. Wulstan’s_, p. 5.

[163] Chron. and Mem. 85, iii. 27–29.

[164] Camden Society, _Kynge Johan_, p. 88.

[p273]

APPENDIX A

OFFICE AT THE SECLUSION OF A LEPER

[Translated from the _Manuale ad Usum Insignis Ecclesiæ Sarum_,

printed in _York Manual, &c._, _Appendix_, Surtees Society, Vol. 63,

p. 105^*.]

_The Manner of casting out or separating those who are sick with

leprosy from the whole._[165]

First of all the sick man or the leper clad in a cloak and in his usual

dress, being in his house, ought to have notice of the coming of the

priest who is on his way to the house to lead him to the Church, and

must in that guise wait for him. For the priest vested in surplice and

stole, with the Cross going before, makes his way to the sick man’s

house and addresses him with comforting words, pointing out and proving

that if he blesses and praises God, and bears his sickness patiently,

he may have a sure and certain hope that though he be sick in body

he may be whole in soul, and may reach the home[166] of everlasting

welfare. And then with other words suitable to the occasion let the

priest lead the leper to the Church, when he has sprinkled him with

holy water, the Cross going before, the priest following, and last

of all the sick man. Within the Church let a black cloth, if it can

be had, be set upon two trestles at some distance apart before the

altar, and let the sick man take his place on bended knees beneath it

between the trestles, after the manner of a dead man, although [p274]

by the grace of God he yet lives in body and spirit, and in this

posture let him devoutly hear Mass. When this is finished, and he has

been sprinkled with holy water, he must be led with the Cross through

the presbytery to a place where a pause must be made. When the spot is

reached the priest shall counsel him out of Holy Scripture, saying:

“Remember thine end and thou shalt never do amiss.” [Ecclus. vii. 36.]

Whence Augustine says: “He readily esteems all things lightly, who

ever bears in mind that he will die.” The priest then with the spade

(_palla_) casts earth on each of his feet, saying: “Be thou dead to the

world, but alive again unto God.”

And he comforts him and strengthens him to endure with the words of

Isaiah spoken concerning our Lord Jesus Christ:—“Truly He hath borne

our griefs and carried our sorrows, yet did we esteem Him as a leper

smitten of God and afflicted” [Isa. liii. 4, Vulgate]; let him say

also: “If in weakness of body by means of suffering thou art made like

unto Christ, thou mayest surely hope that thou wilt rejoice in spirit

with God. May the Most High grant this to thee, numbering thee among

His faithful ones in the book of life. Amen.”

It is to be noted that the priest must lead him to the Church, from

the Church to his house as a dead man, chanting the _Responsorium_

Libera me, Domine, in such wise that the sick man is covered with a

black cloth. And the Mass celebrated at his seclusion may be chosen

either by the priest or by the sick man, but it is customary to say the

following:—

_Introitus._ Circumdederunt me. _Quære in Septuagesima._

_Collecta._ Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, salus æterna credentium.

_Epistola._ Carissimi, Tristatur quis vestrum.

_Resp._ Miserere mei.

_Vers._ Conturbata sunt. Alleluya. _V._ Qui sanat.

_Si in Quadragesima, Tractus._ Commovisti.

_Evangelium._ Intravit Jesus in Capharnaum.

_Offertorium._ Domine, exaudi.

_Secreta et Postcommunio in communibus orationibus._

_Communio._ Redime, Deus, Israel ex omnibus angustiis nostris. [p275]

When leaving the Church after Mass the priest ought to stand at the

door to sprinkle him with holy water. And he ought to commend him to

the care of the people. Before Mass the sick man ought to make his

confession in the Church, and never again; and in leading him forth

the priest again begins the _Responsorium_ Libera me, Domine, with the

other versicles. Then when he has come into the open fields he does

as is aforesaid; and he ends by imposing prohibitions upon him in the

following manner:—

“I forbid you ever to enter Churches, or to go into a market, or a

mill, or a bakehouse, or into any assemblies of people.

Also I forbid you ever to wash your hands or even any of your

belongings in spring or stream of water of any kind; and if you are

thirsty you must drink water from your cup or some other vessel.

Also I forbid you ever henceforth to go out without your leper’s dress,

that you may be recognized by others; and you must not go outside your

house unshod.

Also I forbid you, wherever you may be, to touch anything which you

wish to buy, otherwise than with a rod or staff to show what you want.

Also I forbid you ever henceforth to enter taverns or other houses if

you wish to buy wine; and take care even that what they give you they

put into your cup.

Also I forbid you to have intercourse with any woman except your own

wife.

Also I command you when you are on a journey not to return an answer to

any one who questions you, till you have gone off the road to leeward,

so that he may take no harm from you; and that you never go through a

narrow lane lest you should meet some one.

Also I charge you if need require you to pass over some toll-way

(_pedagium_) through (?) rough ground (_super apra_), or elsewhere,

that you touch no posts or things (_instrumenta_) whereby you cross,

till you have first put on your gloves.

Also I forbid you to touch infants or young folk, whosoever they may

be, or to give to them or to others any of your possessions. [p276]

Also I forbid you henceforth to eat or drink in any company except that

of lepers. And know that when you die you will be buried in your own

house, unless it be, by favour obtained beforehand, in the Church.”

And note that before he enters his house, he ought to have a coat

and shoes of fur, his own plain shoes, and his signal the clappers,

a hood and a cloak, two pair of sheets, a cup, a funnel, a girdle, a

small knife, and a plate. His house ought to be small, with a well, a

couch furnished with coverlets, a pillow, a chest, a table, a seat, a

candlestick, a shovel, a pot, and other needful articles.

When all is complete the priest must point out to him the ten rules

which he has made for him; and let him live on earth in peace with his

neighbour. Next must be pointed out to him the ten commandments of God,

that he may live in heaven with the saints, and the priest repeats

them to him in the presence of the people. And let the priest also

point out to him that every day each faithful Christian is bound to say

devoutly _Pater noster_, _Ave Maria_, _Credo in Deum_, and _Credo in

Spiritum_, and to protect himself with the sign of the Cross, saying

often _Benedicite_. When the priest leaves him he says:—“Worship God,

and give thanks to God. Have patience, and the Lord will be with thee.

Amen.

[p277]

APPENDIX B

TABULATED LIST OF MEDIÆVAL HOSPITALS IN ENGLAND

_i.e. Houses for Wayfarers, Sick, Aged and Infirm, Insane, and

Lepers, founded before 1547_.

EXPLANATION OF HEADINGS, REFERENCES, SIGNS, ETC.

Dedication. When names are stated thus: “St. John [& St. Anthony],”

this signifies that the name in brackets is less

frequently used.

Date. The date given is that of the first accredited reference.

The foundation was frequently earlier. _c._=_circa_;

_bef_=before.

Founder. This term includes benefactor and re-founder.

Patron. In the majority of cases entered as “Private,” the

advowson was vested in the Lord of the Manor. Where two

names are inserted they represent a change of patronage.

L. i.e. Leper; this denotes the nominal aim of the charity,

which was not necessarily confined to lepers.

* An asterisk signifies that there are considerable

architectural remains (chapel, hall, etc.).

† Indicates slight architectural remains (e.g. masonry,

windows).

‡ This sign before a dedication-name implies that some

endowment exists under that name or the name of the

founder.

Seal. Denotes that either a matrix or an impression is in

existence. A specimen is usually to be found in the

British Museum. _Soc. Antiq._ refers to the Society of

Antiquaries, London.

Italics. The use of italics implies uncertainty.

Foot-notes. “Patent” and “Close” refer to the printed Calendars of the

Public Record Office, space not permitting of fuller

details.

[p278]

I. BEDFORDSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

Bedford | ‡St. John | 1216 | R. de | Town | —

| Baptist (Seal) | | Parys | |

| | | | |

Bedford | ‡St. Leonard | 1207 | — | Town, |

| | | | Private | L

| | | | |

Dunstable | St. Mary | 1209 | Prior | Priory | L

| Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Eaton,[167] | — | 1291 | — | — | —

nr. Dunstable | | | | |

| | | | |

Farley,[168] by | St. John | 1198 | — | Various[169]| —

Leighton Buzzard| Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Hockcliffe | St. John | 1227 | — | Various[170]| —

(Occleve) | Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Luton | St. John | 1287 | — | — | L

| Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Luton | St. Mary | _bef_ | — | — | —

| Magd. (Seal) | 1377 | | |

| | | | |

_Stocwell,_ | _St. Mary_[171]| 1232 | — | — | —

_nr. Bedford_ | | | | |

| | | | |

Toddington | ‡St. John | 1443 | J. | — | —

| | | Broughton | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p279]

II. BERKSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

Abingdon |‡St. John B. | 1280 | Abbot | Abbey | —

|(Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Abingdon(without)|St. Mary | 1336 | — | — | —

|Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Abingdon |*‡Almshouse[172]| 1441 | G. Barbar | Gild | —

| | | & J. de | |

| | | St. Helena | |

| | | | |

Childrey |‡Holy Trinity | 1526 | W. | — | —

|& St. Katharine | | Fettiplace | |

| | | | |

Donnington, |‡God’s House | 1393 | R. | Private | —

near Newbury | | | Abberbury | |

| | | | |

Fyfield |St. John Baptist| 1442 | J. Golafre | — | —

| | | | |

Hungerford |St. John Baptist| 1232 | King | Duchy of | —

| | | | Lancaster |

| | | | |

Hungerford |St. Laurence | 1228 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Lambourn |‡Holy Trinity | 1501 | J. Isbury | New Coll. | —

|(Seal) | | | Oxford |

| | | | |

Newbury |‡St. | 1215 | King[173] | Town | —

|Bartholomew | | | |

| | | | |

Newbury |St. Mary | 1232 | — | — | L

|Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Reading |St. Mary | _bef_ |Abbot Auchar| Abbey | L

|Magdalene | 1175 | | |

| | | | |

Reading |St. John B. | _c._ | Abbot Hugh | Abbey | —

|(Seal) | 1190 | | |

| | | | |

Reading |Almshouse | — | W. Barnes | — | —

| | | | |

Reading |Almshouse | _bef_ | Leche or | — | —

| | 1477 | Larder | |

| | | | |

Thatcham |Almshouse | 1433 | T. Lowndyes| Parish | —

| | | | |

Wallingford |St. John B. | 1224 | — | Town | —

|(Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Wallingford or |St. Mary | 1226 | — | Town | L

Newnham[174]|Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Windsor |St. John | 1316 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Windsor (without)|St. Peter | 1168 | — | Crown, Eton | L

| | | | College |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p280]

III. BUCKINGHAMSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Aylesbury |St. John | xii | Townsmen | — | _L_

| Baptist[175] | cent. | | |(_?_)

| | | | |

Aylesbury |St. Leonard{175}| xii | Townsmen | — | L

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Buckingham |St. John | _c._ | — | — | —

| Baptist[176] | 1200 | | |

| | | | |

Buckingham |St. Laurence | 1252 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Buckingham |Almshouse | 1431 | J. Barton | — | —

| | | | |

Lathbury |St. | 1252 | — | — | —

| Margaret[177] | | | |

| | | | |

Ludgershall | — | 1236 | — | Alien[178] | —

| | | | |

_Marlow, Great_ |_St. | 1384 | — | — | —

| Thomas_[179] | | | |

| | | | |

Newport Pagnell |St. Margaret | _c._ | — | — |

| | 1240 | | | L

| | | | |

Newport Pagnell |‡St. John B. | 1220 |J. de Somery| Private | L

(Bridge[180]) | [& St. John | | | |

| Ev.][181] | | | |

| (Seal[182]) | | | |

| | | | |

Newport Pagnell |_St. | _1232_|_J. de | — | —

| Leonard_[183] | |Peynton_ | |

| | | | |

Stratford, Stony | | | | |

(without) |St. John Baptist| _c._ | — | — | L

| | 1240 | | |

| | | | |

Wendover |St. John Baptist| 1311 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Wycombe, High |*St. John | _c._ | — | Town 1344 | —

|Baptist | 1180 | | |

| | | | |

Wycombe, High |St. Margaret & | 1229 | — | Crown | L

near | St. Giles[184]| | | |

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p281]

IV. CAMBRIDGESHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Barnwell, _v._ | | | | |

Stourbridge | | | | |

| | | | |

Cambridge | ‡St. Anthony | 1392 | — | — | L

| & St. Eligius | | | |

| | | | |

Cambridge | St. John Ev. | xii | H. Frost | Town, Bishop|

| (Seal[185]) | cent. | | | —

| | | | |

Cambridge | _St. Anne_ | 1397 | H. Tangmer | — | L

| | | | |

Cambridge | ‡Almshouse | 1469 | T. Jakenett| — | —

| | | | |

Ely | St. John | 1169 | Bishop | Bishop, | —

| Baptist[186] | | Nigel | Priory |

| | | | |

Ely | St. Mary | _bef_ | — | Bishop | —

| Magdalene{186} | 1240 | | |

| | | | |

Fordham | — | 1279 | — | Priory | —

| | | | |

Leverington | St. John | 1487 | — | — | —

| Baptist[187] | | | |

| | | | |

Long Stow | St. Mary B. V. | 1272 | Walter, | — | —

| | | Vicar | |

_Newton-by-Sea_ | _St. Mary B._ | 1401 | J. Colvill | Bishop | —

| _V._[188] | | | |

| | | | |

Royston, _v._ | | | | |

Herts | | | | |

| | | | |

Stourbridge by | *St. Mary Magd.| _bef_ | King | Town, Bishop| L

Cambridge | or St. | 1172 | | |

| Cross[189] | | | |

| | | | |

Thorney | — | 1166 | — | Abbey | —

| | | | |

_Whittlesea_ | _Poor’s | 1391 | Adam Ryppe | — | —

| Hospital_[190] | | | |

| | | | |

Whittlesford | St. John | 1307 | W. Colvill | Bishop | —

(Duxford) | Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Wicken | St. John[191] | 1321 | Lady | Spinney | —

| | | Basingburn | Priory |

| | | | |

Wisbech | St. John | 1343 | — | Bishop | —

| Baptist[192] | | | |

| | | | |

Wisbech (near | Spital | 1378 | — | — | L

Elm) | | | | |

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p282]

V. CHESHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Bebington | St. Thomas | 1183 | — | Private | L

| à Becket | | | |

| | | | |

Chester (without)| ‡St. Giles[193]| — | Earl | Earldom | L

| (_Seal_) | | | |

| | | | |

Chester (without | ‡St. John | 1232 | Earl | Earldom and | —

Northgate) | B.[194] (Seal) | | Randle | Birkenhead |

| | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Chester | St. Ursula V | 1532 | R. and T. | — | —

| | | Smith | |

| | | | |

Denwall in Nesse | St. Andrew | 1238 | — | Bishop of | —

| | | | Lichfield |

| | | | |

Nantwich | St. Nicholas | _c._ | _W. | Private | —

| | 1087 | Malbank_ | |

| | | | |

Nantwich | St. Laurence | 1354 | — | Private | L

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p283]

VI. CORNWALL[195]

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Bodmin | St. Anthony | 1500 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Bodmin | St. George | 1405 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Bodmin |St. | — | — | — | —

| Margaret[196] | | | |

| | | | |

Bodmin(Pontaboye)| ‡†St. Laurence | 1302 | — | — | L

| (Seal[197]) | | | |

| | | | |

Fowey, St. Blaise| — | | — | — | —

by | | | | |

| | | | |

Gild Martyn, | | | | |

_v._ Launceston| | | | |

| | | | |

Helston in | St. Mary M. or | 1411 | Archdeacon | Knights | —

Sithney | St. John | | or | Hosp. |

| Baptist | | Killigrew | |

| | | | |

Launceston | †St. Leonard | 1257 | Richard, | Earldom or | L

| (Seal[198]) | | Earl | Priory |

| | | | |

Launceston | St. Thomas à | | — | — | L

Newport by | Becket[199] | | | |

| | | | |

Liskeard, | St. Mary | 1400 | — | — | L

Menheniot nr. | Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Newport, _v._ | | | | |

Launceston | | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p284]

VII. CUMBERLAND

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

_Bewcastle_ | _“Hospitale | 1294 | — | — | —

| de Lennh”_ | | | |

| | | | |

_Caldbeck_ | _Hospital | _bef_ | Gospatric | Carlisle | —

| House_ | 1170 | | Priory |

| | | | |

Carlisle | St. Nicholas | _bef_ | King | Crown, | L

(without) | | 1201 | | Priory |

| | | | |

Carlisle | House of St. | 1251 | — | — | —

| Sepulchre[200] | | | |

| | | | |

Carlisle | St. Catherine | xvi | — | — | —

(Castlegate) | | cent. | | |

| | | | |

_Keswick, | _House of | xvi | — | — | —

near_[201] | St. John_ | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Wigton, near |St. Leonard[202]| 1383 | — | Private | L

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p285]

VIII. DERBYSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Alkmonton or |St. Leonard[203]| _c._ | R. de | Private | L

Bentley | | 1100 | Bakepuze, | |

| | | Blount | |

| | | | |

Ashbourne[204] | _St. John | 1251 | — | — | L

| Baptist_ | | | |

| | | | |

Castleton or | St. Mary B.V. | _bef_ | Peverell | Private, | —

High Peak[205] | | 1330 | | Crown |

| | | | |

Chesterfield, near| St. Leonard | 1195 | — | Crown, etc. | L

| | | | |

Chesterfield | St. Nicholas | 1276 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Chesterfield | St. John | 1334 | — | Manor | L

| Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Derby | St. Leonard | 1171 | King | Crown | L

| (Domus Dei) | | | |

| | | | |

Derby | St. Helen | _c._ | R. de | — | —

| | 1160 | Ferrers | |

| | | | |

Derby | St. James [& | _c._ | Waltheof | Darley Abbey| —

|St.Anthony[206]]| 1140 | Fitz-Sweyn | |

| | | | |

Derby | St. John | 1251 | — | — | —

| Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Derby | St. Katherine | 1329 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Peak, _v._ | | | | |

Castleton | | | | |

| | | | |

Spondon or Locko | ‡St. Mary | 1306 | — | Order of St.| L

| Magdalene[207] | | | Lazarus |

------------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p286]

IX. DEVONSHIRE[208]

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Barnstaple | St. Mary | 1158 | — | — | L

| Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Barnstaple | Holy Trinity | 1410 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Clist Gabriel | St. Gabriel the| 1276 | Bishop | Bishop | —

(Farringdon) | Archangel[209] | | Bronescombe| |

| | | | |

Collumpton | Almshouse | 1522 | J. Trott | — | —

| | | | |

Crediton | †St. Laurence | 1242 | — | Manor | —

| | | | (Bishop) |

| | | | |

Exeter (without | St. Mary M. | _bef_ | Bishop | Bishop, Town| L

Southgate) | (Seal) | 1163 | | |

| | | | |

Exeter | St. Alexis[210]| 1164 | W. Prodom | — | —

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Exeter |St. John B.[211]| 1220 | G. & J. | Town, Bishop| —

| [& St. John | | Long | |

| Ev.] (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Exeter | *‡God’s | 1436 | W. Wynard | — | —

| House[212] | | | |

| | | | |

Exeter | *‡St. | 1457 | J. Stevyns | — | —

| Katharine | | | |

| | | | |

Exeter | ‡St. Mary V., | 1407 | W. Bonvile | — | —

|Eleven Thousand | | | |

|Virgins | | | |

|& St. Roch[213] | | | |

| | | | |

Exeter |St. Anthony[214]| 1429 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Exeter | “Ten Cells” | 1399 | S. Grendon | — | —

| | | | |

Exeter | Almshouse | 1479 | J. Palmer | — | —

| | | | |

Exeter | Almshouse | 1514 | Moore | — | —

| | | Fortescue | |

| | | | |

Heavitree |‡_St. Loye_[215]| — | — | — | —

(Wonford) | | | | |

| | | | |

Honiton | *‡St. | 1374 | — | _Ford Abbey_| L

| Margaret | | | |

| | | | |

Moreton Hampstead| Almshouse | xv | — | — | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

[p287] | | | | |

| | | | |

Newton Bushell | — | 1538 | J. Gilberd | Mayor | L

| | | | Exeter |

| | | | |

Pilton | ‡St. | 1197 | — | — | L

| Margaret | | | |

| (Seal[216]) | | | |

| | | | |

Plymouth | [Holy Trinity | 1374 | — | — | L

| &] St. Mary M. | | | |

| | | | |

Plymouth | St. Mary B. V. | 1501 | — | — | —

| (Our Lady) | | | |

| | | | |

Plymouth | _Hospital | — | — | — | —

| House_ | | | |

| | | | |

Plympton | ‡[Holy | 1329 | — | _Priory_ | L

| Trinity &] St. | | | |

| Mary M. | | | |

| | | | |

Tavistock, near | St. Mary M. [& | 1338 | — | — | L

| St. Theobald] | | | |

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Tavistock | St. George | — | Tremayne | — | —

| | | | |

Teignmouth, near | ‡St. Mary | 1307 | — | — | L

| Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Teignton, Kings, | | | | |

_v._ Newton | | | | |

Bushell | | | | |

| | | | |

Tiverton |*‡Almshouse[217]| 1520 | J. Greneway| Wardens of | —

| | | | Tiverton |

| | | | |

Torrington | Holy Trinity, | 1400 | re-f. R. | — | —

| St. John Ev. & | | Colyn | |

| St. John B. | | | |

| | | | |

Torrington, | *‡St. Mary | 1344 | Ann Boteler| Private | L

Little | Magdalene | | | |

(Taddiport) | | | | |

| | | | |

Totnes | ‡St. Mary M. | 1302 | — | — | L

| (Seal[218]) | | | |

| | | | |

Totnes | _Our Lady_ | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p288]

X. DORSET

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Allington, _v._ | | | | |

Bridport | | | | |

| | | | |

Blandford, by | St. Leonard | 1282 | — | Private | L

| | | | |

Blandford |God’s House[219]| xvi | — | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Bridport | St. John | 1240 | — | Town | —

| Baptist | | |

| | | | |

Bridport or | St. Mary M. [& | 1232 | re-f. W. de| Private | L

Allington | St. Anthony] | | Legh | |

| | | | |

Dorchester | St. John | 1324 | — | Crown, Eton,| —

| Baptist | | | etc. |

| | | | |

Dorchester | Hospital | xvi | — | — | L

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Lyme | †St. Mary | 1336 | — | — | L

| B.V. & the | | | |

| Holy Spirit | | | |

| | | | |

Rushton, _v._ | | | | |

Tarrant | | | | |

| | | | |

Shaftesbury | ‡St. John B. | 1223 | — | Abbey, Crown| —

| (Seal[220]) | | | |

| | | | |

Shaftesbury | St. Mary | 1386 | — | Abbey | —

| Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Sherborne | *‡SS. John | 1437 | Bishop, &c.| Governors | —

| B. & John Ev. | | | |

| | | | |

Sherborne | †St. Thomas | 1228 | — | Abbey, Crown| —

| à Becket | | | |

| | | | |

Tarrant Rushton | St. Leonard | 1298 | — | Private, | —

| | | | Twynham |

| | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Wareham | Hospital{219} | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Wimborne | *†St. | 1241 | — | Manor (Duchy| L

| Margaret V. [& | | | of |

| St. Anthony] | | | Lancaster) |

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p289]

XI. DURHAM

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._ | _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Barnard Castle | ‡St. John | _c._ | J. Balliol | Private | —

| Baptist | 1230 | | |

| | | | |

Darlington, near |“Bathele Spital”| _c._ | — | — | L

| | 1195 | | |

| | | | |

Durham |St. Leonard[221]| _c._ | — | — | L

| | 1200 | | |

| | | | |

Durham | †St. Mary | 1326 | J. Fitz | Priory | —

| Magdalene | | Alexander | |

| | | | |

Durham (Silver |Pilgrim | 1493 | — | — | —

Street) | House[222] | | | |

| | | | |

Durham _v._ | | | | |

Kepier, | | | | |

| | | | |

Sherburn | | | | |

| | | | |

Friarside, | †Hospital or | 1312 | — | Private | —

nr. Derwent | Hermitage | | | |

| | | | |

Gainford | — | 1317 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Gateshead | Holy | _c._ | H. de | — | —

| Trinity[223] | 1200 | Ferlinton | |

| | | | |

Gateshead |*St.Edmund, Abp.| _c._ | Bp. N. | Bishop, | —

| & Conf.{223} | 1247 | Farnham | Newcastle |

| | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Gateshead | ‡St. Edmund, | 1315 | — | Bishop | —

| K. & M.[224] | | | |

| | | | |

Greatham | ‡St. Mary | 1272 | Bp. R. de | Bishop | —

| B.V.{224} | | Stichill | |

| (Seal[225]) | | | |

| | | | |

Kepier, by Durham| *St. Giles | 1112 | Bp. R. | Bishop | —

| (Seal) | | Flambard | |

| | | | |

Pelawe, by | St. Stephen | 1260 | — | — | —

| | | | |

_Sedgefield_[226]| — | _c._ | — | — | —

| | 1195 | | |

| | | | |

Sherburn | *‡Christ, B.V. | _c._ | Bp. H. | Bishop | L

| Mary, SS. | 1181 | Puiset | |

| Lazarus, Mary| | | |

| [Magd.] & | | | |

| Martha[227] | | | |

| | | | |

Staindrop | St. Mary B.V. | 1378 | Earl Nevill| — | —

| | | | |

_Werhale_[228] | — | 1265 | — | Bishop | —

| | | | |

Witton Gilbert | †St. Mary | _bef_ | Gilbert de |Durham Priory| L

| Magdalene | 1180 | la Ley | |

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

[p290]

XII. ESSEX

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Bocking | Maison Dieu | 1440 | J. Doreward| — | —

| | | | |

Braintree | St. James | 1229 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Colchester | ‡St. Mary | _bef_ | Henry I & | Abbey | L

(suburbs) | Magdalene | 1135 | Eudo | |

| | | | |

Colchester | Holy Cross [& | 1235 | W. de | _re-f_ St. | —

| St. Helen][229]| | Lanvalle | Helen’s Gild|

| (Seal[230]) | | | |

| | | | |

Colchester by | St. Katharine | 1352 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Colchester | _St. Anne_[231]| 1402 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Hedingham, Castle| — | _c._ | De Vere | — | —

| | 1250 | | |

| | | | |

Hornchurch | SS. Nicholas & | 1159 | Henry II | Alien,[232] | —

(Havering) | Bernard | | | New Coll. |

| | | | Ox. |

| | | | |

Ilford, Great | *‡St. Mary | _c._ | Adelicia, | Barking | L

| B.V. [and St. | 1150 | Abbess | Abbey |

| Thomas M.] | | | |

| | | | |

Layer Marney | St. Mary B.V. | 1523 | Lord Marney| — | —

| | | | |

Maldon, Little | †St. Giles[233]| _c._ | — | Various[234]| L

| | 1164 | | |

| | | | |

Newport | St. Leonard | 1157 | — | Dean of St. | L

(Birchanger) | | | | Martin’s |

| | | | |

South Weald,[235]| St. John | 1233 | Bruin | Private | L

Brook Street | Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Tilbury, East | St. Mary[236] | _bef_ | Earl | Earldom | —

| | 1213 | Geoffrey | |

| | | | |

Walthamstow | ‡Almshouse | xvi | G. Monnox | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p291]

XIII. GLOUCESTERSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Berkeley, | Holy Trinity | 1189 | Maurice de | Private | —

Longbridge, near| (Seal) | | Berkeley | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

Bristol, without | St. Laurence | _bef_ | Prince John| Various[237]| L

Lawfords Gate | | 1208 | | |

| | | | |

Bristol Frome | †St. | _bef_ | — | Private | L(?)

Bridge |Bartholomew[238]| 1207 | | |

| | | | |

Bristol | *St. Mark | 1229 | Maurice de | Private | —

Billeswick | (Seal) | | Gaunt | |

| | | | |

Bristol | St. Katherine | 1219 | Robert de | Private | —

Bedminster[239] | (Seal) | | Berkeley | |

| | | | |

Bristol | St. Mary M. | 1219 | Thomas de | Private | L

Brightbow{239} | (Seal) | | Berkeley | |

| | | | |

Bristol | St. John B. | 1242 | King or | Crown, Town | —

Redcliffe{239} | (Seal) | | John Farcey| |

| | | | |

Bristol Lawfords | †Holy Trinity | ┌1396 | J. | Town | —

Gate | | └1408 | Barstaple | |

| | | | |

Bristol Steep | *‡Three Kings | 1492 | J. Foster | — | —

Street | of Cologne | | | |

| (chapel) | | | |

| | | | |

Bristol Long Row | ‡Almshouse | _c._ | S. Burton | — | —

| | 1292 | | |

| | | | |

Bristol Redcliffe| Almshouse | 1422 | W. Canynge | — | —

| | | | |

Bristol without | Almshouse | — | R. Magdalen| — | —

Temple Gate | | | | |

| | | | |

Bristol Lewin’s | _Trinity_ | 1460 | W. Spencer | — | —

Mead | | | | |

| | | | |

Bristol Redcliffe| — | 1471 | R. Forster | — | —

Gate | | | | |

| | | | |

[p292] | | | | |

| | | | |

Cirencester | *‡St. John |_bef_ |Henry I |Crown, Abbey | —

| Ev.[240] | 1135 | | |

| | | | |

Cirencester | ‡St. Laurence |xiii |Edith Bisset|Abbey | L

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Cirencester | ‡St. Thomas M. |1427 | W. |Weavers | —

| | | Nottingham | |

| | | | |

Gloucester | *‡S. Mary |_bef_ | — |_Lanthony | L

| Magdalene | 1160 | | Priory_ |

| | | | |

Gloucester or | *‡St. Margaret |_bef_ | — |Abbey, Town | L

Dudstan |or St. Sepulchre| 1163 | | |

| | | | |

Gloucester |‡St. | 1200 |Townsmen, |Crown | —

|Bartholomew[241]| | Henry III | |

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Lechlade |St. John | 1228 |Peter Fitz |Private | —

| Baptist[242] | |Herbert[243]| |

| | | | |

Longbridge, _v._ | | | | |

Berkeley | | | | |

| | | | |

Lorwing[244] | — | 1189 |Maurice de | — | —

| | | Berkeley | |

| | | | |

Redcliffe, _v._ | | | | |

Bristol | | | | |

| | | | |

St. Briavels |St.Margaret[245]| 1256 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Stow-in-Wold |Holy Trinity | — |Aylmer, Earl| — | —

| | | of Cornwall| |

| | | | |

Stow-in-Wold |Almshouse | 1476 | W. Chestre | — | —

| | | | |

Tewkesbury[246] | — | 1199 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Tewkesbury |Almshouse | — | — | Abbey | —

| | | | |

Winchcombe |Spital | — | — | — | —

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p293]

XIV. HAMPSHIRE

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

Alton | St. Mary Magdalene | 1235 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Andover | St. John B.[247] | 1247 | — | Town | —

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Andover | St. Mary | 1248 | — | — | L

| Magdalene{247} | | | |

| | | | |

Basingstoke | St. John Baptist |_bef_ | W. de Merton|Merton | —

| | 1240| | College |

| | | | |

Christchurch | — | 1318 | — | — | L

[248] | | | | |

| | | | |

_Fareham_[249] | — | 1199 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Fordingbridge | St. John Baptist | 1283 | — |Bishop, St. | —

| | | | Cross, etc.|

| | | | |

Portsmouth | *God’s House or St. | 1224 | Peter des | Bishop | —

| John B. and St. | | Roches | |

| Nicholas[250] (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Portsmouth by | St. Mary M. [and St. | 1253 | — | — | —

| Anthony[251]] | | | |

| | | | |

Romsey | St. Mary M. and St. | 1317 | — | — | L

| Anthony[252] | | | |

| | | | |

Southampton | St. Mary Magdalene | 1173 | Townsmen |Town, Priory| L

(without) | | | | |

| | | | |

Southampton | *‡St. Julian or |_c._ | Gervase |Crown, | —

| God’s House (Seal) | 1197| | Queen’s |

| | | | College, |

| | | | Oxford. |

| | | | |

Southampton | St. John[253] | 1315 | — | — | —

| | | | |

[p294] | | | | |

| | | | |

Winchester |*‡St. Cross (Seal) |_c._ |Henry de |Knights, | —

(near) | | 1136| Blois| Bishop |

| | | | |

Winchester | ‡St. Mary Magd. | 1158 | Bishop | Bishop | L

(without) | (Seal[254]). | | | |

| | | | |

Winchester | *‡St. John B. |_c._ |John Devenish| Town | —

| (Seal[255]) | 1275| | |

| | | | |

Winchester | “Sisters’ Hospital” | 1393 | — |St. | —

| | | | Swithin’s|

| | | | |

Newport (Isle of| _St. Augustine_[256] | 1352 | — | Town | L

Wight) | | | | |

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

XV. HEREFORDSHIRE

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

Blechelowe, _v._| | | | |

Richards Castle| | | | |

| | | | |

Hereford (Wye | St. Thomas | 1226 |W. de Warenne| — | —

Bridge) | | | | |

| | | | |

Hereford | ‡St. Ethelbert | 1231 | — | Dean and | —

| | | | Chapter |

| | | | |

Hereford | St. Giles | 1250 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Hereford | ‡St. Giles | — | — | Town | L

| | | | |

Hereford |[Holy Ghost[257] &] | 1340 | — | Knights | —

| St. John | | | Hosp. |

| | | | |

Hereford | St. Anthony | 1294 | — | Order | —

| | | | (Vienne) |

| | | | |

Hereford | St. Anne and St. |xvi | — | — | L

| Loye[258] | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Ledbury | ‡St. Katharine | 1232 | Foliot, | Dean and | —

| | | Bishop | Chapter |

| | | | |

Richards Castle | St. John & St. Mary| 1397 | — | — | —

(Blechelowe) | M.[259] | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

[p295]

XVI. HERTFORDSHIRE

----------------+-------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+-------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

Anstey (Biggin) | St. Mary | 1325 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Baldock | | | | | L

(Clothall, by)| St. Mary Magdalene| 1226 | — | — |

| | | | |

Berkhampstead | St. John Baptist | 1216 | Fitz Piers, |Private; St.| —

| | |Earl of Essex|Thomas of |

| | | |Acon, London|

| | | | |

Berkhampstead | St. John Ev. | 1216 | — |Private; St.| L

| | | |Thomas of |

| | | |Acon, London|

| | | | |

Berkhampstead | St. James | — | — | — | —

| | | | |

Berkhampstead | St. Leonard | — | — | — | —

| | | | |

Berkhampstead |_St.Thomas M._[260]| 1317 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Broxbourne, _v._| | | | |

Hoddesdon | | | | |

| | | | |

Hertford | St. Mary | 1287 | — | — | —

(without) | Magdalene[261] | | | |

| | | | |

Hoddesdon | SS. Anthony & | 1391 | — | — | L

| Clement or St. | | | |

| Laud & St. Anthony| | | |

| (Seals) | | | |

| | | | |

Hoddesdon | Almshouse | xv | R. Rich | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Royston | [St. Mary B.V. & | 1227 | — | Private | —

| St. James or] St.| | | |

| John & St. James | | | |

| | | | |

Royston | St. Nicholas[262] | 1213 | Ralph | Private | L

| | | | |

[p296] | | | | |

| | | | |

St. Albans | St. Julian the | 1146 | Abbot | Abbey | L

(Eywood) | Confessor | | Geoffrey | |

| | | | |

St. Albans | St. Mary de la | 1202 | — | Abbey | L

(without) | Pré[263] (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

St. Albans | St. Giles[264] | 1327 | — | Abbey | —

| | | | |

Stevenage | All Christian | 1501 | Hellard, | Parish | —

| Soul House | | Rector | |

| | | | |

Wymondley, | St. Mary[265] | 1232 | — | — | —

Little | | | | |

----------------+-------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

XVII. HUNTINGDONSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

Huntingdon | St. John | 1153 | Earl David | Earldom, | —

| Baptist | | | Town |

| | | | |

Huntingdon | St. Margaret | 1165 | King | Crown | L

(without[266]) | | | Malcolm | (Scotland, |

| | | (_ben_) | England, |

| | | | etc.) |

| | | | |

| | | | |

Huntingdon | St. Giles[267] | 1328 | — | — | L

-----------------+----------------+-------+------------+-------------+---

[p297]

XVIII. KENT

-----------------+---------------------+-------+------------+-----------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+---------------------+-------+------------+-----------+---

_Bapchild_[268] | — | _c._ | — | — | —

| | 1200 | | |

| | | | |

_Blean_{268} |_St. John_ | _c._ | — | — | —

| | 1200 | | |

| | | | |

_Bobbing_ |_Spital_ | — |_George | _Private_ | L

| | | Clifford_ | |

| | | | |

Boughton-under- |Holy Trinity[269] | 1384 |Thomas atte | — | L

Blean | | | Herst | |etc.

| | | | |

Buckland, _v._ | | | | |

Dover | | | | |

| | | | |

Canterbury |*‡St. John B. | _bef_ |Lanfranc |Archbishop | —

(Northgate) | (Seal) | 1089 | | |

| | | | |

Canterbury |*‡St. Thomas M.[270] | _c._ Becket, |Archbishop | —

(Eastbridge) | [and the Holy Ghost]| 1170 | Langton | |

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Canterbury |St. Nicholas and St. | 1293 |W. Cokyn | — | —

| Katharine[271] | | | |

| | | | |

Canterbury |*‡[St. Mary B. V. | 1225 |_re-f._ S. |Archdeacon | —

| or] Poor Priests’ | | de Langton| |

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Canterbury |‡St. Mary B. V. | 1317 |J. Maynard |Town | —

| | | | |

Canterbury near |St. Laurence | 1137 |Hugh, Abbot |St. | L

| | | |Augustine’s|

| | | | |

Canterbury |*‡St. Nicholas | _bef_ |Lanfranc |Archbishop | L

Harbledown | (Seal) | 1089 | | |

| | | | |

Canterbury |St. James (_Seal_) | _bef_ | — |Christ- | L

Thanington | | 1164 | | church |

or Wynchepe | | | | |

| | | | |

Chatham, _v._ | | | | |

Rochester | | | | |

| | | | |

Dartford |St. Mary Magdalene | 1256 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Dartford |Holy Trinity | 1453 | Townsmen | Parochial | —

| | | | Governors |

| | | | |

[p298] | | | | |

| | | | |

Dover, Buckland | St. Bartholomew | 1141 | Monks | Priory | L

in | | | | |

| | | | |

Dover | *St. Mary B. V. | 1221 | Hubert de | Crown | —

| (Seal) | | Burgh | |

| | | | |

Gravesend, | | | | |

_v._ Milton | | | | |

| | | | |

Harbledown, _v._ | | | | |

Canterbury | | | | |

| | | | |

Hythe | ‡St. John Baptist | 1426 | — | Town | —

| | | | |

Hythe | ‡St. Bartholomew |┌1276 | Townsmen | — | —

Saltwood[272] nr.|(Seal)[or St. Andrew]|└1336 |Bishop Haymo| — |

| | | | |

_Ivychurch_,[273]| — | 1229 | — |Private | —

near New Romney | | | | |

| | | | |

_Lullingstone_ | _Almshouse_ | — |Sir J. Peche| — | —

[274] | | | | |

| | | | |

Maidstone |*St. Peter & St. Paul| — |Abp. |Archbishop | —

|[& St.Thomas M.][275]| | Boniface | |

|(Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Maidstone(bridge)| Almshouse[276] | 1422 | Hessynden | — | —

| | | | |

Milton nr. | — | 1189 | — | Private | —

Gravesend | | | | |

| | | | |

Mepham | — | 1396 | Archbishop | — | —

| | | | |

Ospringe | ‡St. Mary B. V. | 1234 | Henry III | Crown | —

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Ospringe(without)| St. Nicholas[277] | 1241 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Ospringe | St. John[278] | 1343 | — | — | —

| | | | |

_Otford_ | — | _1228_| — | — |_L_

| | | | |

Puckeshall | St. James | 1202 | — | — | L

or Tong | | | | |

| | | | |

Rochester | *‡St. Bartholomew |_bef_ | Bishop | Priory | L

(Langeport) | (Seal) | 1108 | Gundulf | |

| | | | |

[p299] | | | | |

| | | | |

Rochester | St. Nicholas[279] | 1253 | — | — | L

(Whiteditch) | | | | |

| | | | |

Rochester | ‡St. Katharine | 1316 | S. Potyn | Governors | L

(Eastgate) | | | | |etc.

| | | | |

Romney | St. Stephen and St. |_c._ | Adam de | Private | L

|Thomas M. (Seal[280])| 1180 | Cherring | |

| | | [281] | |

| | | | |

Romney | St. John Baptist | 1396 | — | Town | —

| | | | |

Sandwich | *‡St. Bartholomew | _bef_ |Crawthorne, | Town | —

| (Seal) | 1227 | etc. | |

| | | | |

Sandwich | ‡St. John B. | _bef_ | — | Town | —

| (Seal[282]) | 1287 | | |

| | | | |

Sandwich | ‡St. Thomas M. | 1392 |Thos. Ellys | Town | —

| | | | |

Sandwich (Each | St. Anthony[283] | 1472 | — | — | L

End) | | | | |

| | | | |

Sevenoaks | St. John Baptist | 1338 | _re-f._ |Archbishop | —

| | |Cherwode & | |

| | | Multon | |

| | | | |

Sevenoaks | ‡Almshouse | 1418 | Sir W. | Parochial | —

| | | Sevenoke | Governors |

| | | | |

Sittingbourne | — | 1216 | Samuel | — | —

[284] | | | | |

| | | | |

Sittingbourne, | St. Leonard[285] | 1232 | — | — | L

Swinestre nr. | | | | |

| | | | |

Sittingbourne | Holy Cross{285} | 1225 | — | — | —

Swinestre nr. | | | | |

| | | | |

Strood | St. Mary B. V.[286] | 1193 | Bp. G. | Bishop or | —

| (Seal) | | Glanvill | Priory |

| | | | |

Sutton-at-Hone | Holy Trinity, St. | 1216 |FitzPiers & | — | —

| Mary, and All SS. | | W. de | |

| | | Wrotham | |

| | | | |

Thanington, _v._ | | | | |

Canterbury | | | | |

| | | | |

Tong, _v._ | | | | |

Puckeshall | | | | |

| | | | |

Wynchepe, _v._ | | | | |

Canterbury | | | | |

-----------------+---------------------+-------+------------+-----------+---

[p300]

XIX. LANCASHIRE

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._ | _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

Burscough | — | _bef_ | — | Priory | L

| | 1311 | | |

| | | | |

Clitheroe[287] | St. Nicholas | 1211 | Townsmen | Town | L

| | | | |

Cockersand | Hospital[288] | 1184 | Hugh Garth | — | L

| | | | |etc.

| | | | |

Conishead | Hospital{288} | 1181 | Penington | Priory | L

| | | or W. de | |

| | | Lancaster | |

| | | | |

Lancaster | St. Leonard | 1189 | Prince John| Various[289]| L

| | | | |

Lancaster | Almshouse, _St.| 1483 | J. Gardyner| Town | —

| Mary B. V._ | | | |

| | | | |

Lathom (Ormskirk)| — | 1500 | Sir | — | —

| | | T. Stanley | |

| | | | |

Preston in | St. Mary Magd. | _c._ | — | Honor, | L

Amounderness | (Seal[290]) | 1177 | | Crown | L

| | | | |

Stydd nr. |St. Saviour[291]| _bef_ | — | Knights | —

Ribchester | | 1216 | | |

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

[p301]

XX. LEICESTERSHIRE

--------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

--------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

Burton Lazars |[St. Mary B. V. and] | 1146 |R. de Mowbray|Order of | L

| St. Lazarus (Seal) | | | St. Lazarus|

| | | | |

Castle- |St. John Ev.[292] | xii |John Lacy |Earldom, | —

Donington | | cent. | | Crown |

| | | | |

Leicester |St. Leonard (Seal) | 1199 |William of |Earldom, | L

| | | Leicester | Crown, etc.|

| | | | |

Leicester |‡St. John Ev. and | 1200 | — | — | —

| St. John B. (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Leicester |St. Edmund Abp. and | 1250 | — | — | —

| Conf. | | | |

| | | | |

Leicester |St. Mary M. and St. | 1329 | — | — | L

| Margaret | | | |

| | | | |

Leicester |*‡Annunciation of | 1330 |Henry of |Duchy | —

|B. V. Mary[293] (Seal)| | Lancaster | (Collegiate|

| | | | Foundation)|

| | | | |

Leicester |‡St. Ursula [and | 1513 |W. Wigston | — | —

| St. Catherine] | | | |

| | | | |

Lutterworth |St. John B.[& St. | 1218 |Roise de | Private | —

| Anthony[294]] | | Verdon | |

| | | | |

Stockerston |St. Leonard | 1307 | — | Earldom | —

| | | | |

Stockerston |St. Mary [and All | 1465 |J. Boyvile | — | —

| Saints] | | | |

| | | | |

_Tilton_ | — | _1189_|_W. Burdett_ |_Burton | _L_

| | | | Lazars_ |

--------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

[p302]

XXI. LINCOLNSHIRE

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+---

Boothby Pagnell |St. John Baptist | xii |Hugh of | — | L

| | cent. | Boothby | |

| | | | |

Boston[295] |St. John Baptist | 1282 | — |Private | —

(without) | | | |(Multon{295})|

| | | | |

_Carleton in_ |_St. Lazarus_ | _1301_|_De_ |_Order of_ | —

_Moreland_ | | |_Amundeville_|_St.Lazarus._|

| | | | |

Dunston, _v._ | | | | |

Mere | | | | |

| | | | |

_Edenham_[296] | — | 1319 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Elsham by |St. Mary & St. | 1166 | B. de | — | —

Thornton | Edmund[297] | | Amundeville | |

| | | | |

Glanford Bridge | |xii |Paynell |Selby Abbey | —

(Wrauby) | | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Glanford Bridge |[Our Lord &] St. | 1441 |W. Tirwhit | — | —

(Wrauby) | John B. | | | |

| | | | |

Grantham by |St. Margaret | 1328 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Grantham |St. Leonard | 1428 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Grimsby |St. Mary M. & St. | 1291 | — | — | L

(without) | Leger | | | |

| | | | |

Grimsby |St. John[298] | 1389 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Holbeach |All Saints | 1351 |J. de | — | —

| | | Kirketon | |

| | | | |

Langworth |St. Margaret | 1313 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Lincoln without |Holy Innocents | _bef_ |Henry I |Crown, Burton| L

| [& St. Mary M.] | 1135 | | Lazars |

| (Seal)[299] | | | |

| | | | |

Lincoln without |†‡St. Giles | _c._ | — |Dean & | —

| | 1275 | | Chapter |

| | | | |

Lincoln |St. Leonard | 1300 | — | — |L

| | | | |etc.

| | | | |

Lincoln without |St. Bartholomew | 1314 | — | — |L

| | | | |etc.

| | | | |

Lincoln |St. Mary B. V. or | 1311 | — | — | —

| St. Mary M. | | | |

| | | | |

[p303] | | | | |

| | | | |

Lincoln without |Holy Sepulchre[300] | 1123 |Bp. Robert |Gilbertine | —

| | | Bloet | Order |

| | | | |

Lincoln without |St. Katherine{300} | 1123 |Bp. Robert |Gilbertine | —

| (Seal) | | Bloet | Order |

| | | | |

Louth |Spital | 1314 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Louth |Trinity Bedehouse |xvi | — |Gild | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Louth |_St. Mary B. V._ |xvi | — |Gild | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Mere or Dunston |St. John Baptist | 1243 |S. de Roppele|Bishop | L

| | | | |

Newstead by |St. Mary B. V.{300} |xii |W. d’Albini | — | —

Stamford[301] | | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Partney |St. Mary Magdalene |_bef_ | — |Bardney | —

| | 1138| | Abbey |

| | | | |

Skirbeck |‡St. Leonard, | 1230 |T. de Multon |Knights | —

| afterwards St. | | | Hosp. |

| John Baptist | | | |

| | | | |

Spalding |St. Nicholas | 1313 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Spittal-on- |St. Edmund K.M. | 1322 |_re-f._ T. |Dean & | —

Street, Hemswell| | | Aston | Chapter |

| | | | |

Stamford, _v._ | | | | |

Northants | | | | |

| | | | |

Tattershall[302]|Holy Trinity | 1438 |R. Cromwell |Collegiate | —

| (Seal){302} | | | Foundation |

| | | | |

Thornton |St. James (chapel) | 1322 | — |Abbey | —

| | | | (probably) |

| | | | |

_Threckingham_ |_St. Lazarus_[303] | 1319 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Uffington, _v._ | | | | |

Newstead | | | | |

| | | | |

Walcot |St. Leonard | 1312 | — | — | L

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+---

[p304]

XXII. MIDDLESEX AND LONDON

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

Brentford[304] | St. Anne & | 1393 | — | — | —

| St. Louis{304} | | | |

| | | | |

Brentford |Nine Orders of Holy | _c._ | J. Somerset | Fraternity | —

Syon by | Angels (_Seal_) | 1447 | | |

| | | | |

Hackney or | St. Katherine[305] | 1334 | — | — | L

Kingsland | | | | |

| | | | |

Holborn | | | | |

v. London | | | | |

| | | | |

Holloway | [Holy Jesus &] St. | 1473 | W. Pole | Crown | L

or Highgate | Anthony(Seal[306]) | | | |

| | | | |

_Hounslow_[307] | — | 1200 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Kingsland, | | | | |

_v._ Hackney | | | | |

| | | | |

Knightsbridge | St. Leonard[308] | 1485 | — |_Westminster| L

| (Seal) | | | Abbey_ |

| | | | |

London,[309] |St. Giles[310] | _bef._| Queen Maud |Crown, | L

Holborn | (Seal) | 1118 | | Burton |

| | | | Lazars |

| | | | |

London West |*‡St. | _c._ | Rahere | — | —

Smithfield | Bartholomew[311] | 1123 | | |

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

London by Tower | ‡St. Katharine | 1148 |Queen Matilda| Crown | —

| (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

London Cheapside| [St. Mary &] St. | _c._ |Fitz Theobald| Knights | —

| Thomas M. “of | 1190 | | Templars |

| Acon”[312] (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

London | St. John B.[313] | 1505 | Henry VII. | Crown | —

| (Seal) or “Savoy” | | | |

| | | | |

London | St. Anthony (Seal) | 1254 | — |Order of | —

Threadneedle St.| | | |Vienne, |

| | | |Crown, etc. |

| | | | |

London | St. Paul | 1190 | Henry, Canon| Dean & | —

Churchyard | | | | Chapter |

| | | | |

London |Holy Ghost, B.V.M., | 1424 | R. |Collegiate | —

Paternoster |St. Michael & All | | Whittington |Foundation |

| SS. | | | |

| | | | |

[p305] | | | | |

| | | | |

London, nr. | “St. Charity & St. | 1442 | 3 Priests | Fraternity | —

Aldgate | John Ev.”[314] | | | |

| | | | |

London without | St. Mary B. V. | 1197 | W. Brune | — | —

Bishopsgate | (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

London without | St. Mary or “Domus | 1231 | Henry III. | Crown | —

Temple Bar | Conversorum”[315] | | | |

| | | | |

London nr. | St. Mary, | 1329 | W. Elsyng |Dean, etc., | —

Cripplegate | “ElsyngSpital” | | | of St. |

| (Seal) | | | Paul’s |

| | | | |

London without | ‡St. Mary of | 1247 | S. FitzMary | Order of | —

Bishopsgate | Bethlehem | | | Bethlehem, |

| (_Seal_[316]) | | | City |

| | | | |

London Charing | St. Mary “of |_bef_ | — | Alien | —

Cross | Rouncevall” (Seal) | 1231 | | |

| | | | |

London Crutched | Almshouse, St. | _c._ | J. Millborn | Drapers | —

Friars | Mary | 1524 | | |

| | | | |

— | St. James, | | | |

| _v._ Westminster | | | |

| | | | |

— | St. Thomas, | | | |

| _v._ Southwark, | | | |

| Surrey | | | |

| | | | |

Mile End[317] or|St. Mary Magd. | 1274 | — | — | L

Stepney | (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Shoreditch[318] | Spital House | xvi | — | — | —

| |cent. | | |

| | | | |

Westminster | St. James (Seal) | xii | _re-f._ | Abbey, | L

| |cent. | Henry III. | Crown |

| | | | |

Westminster | Almshouse | xvi |Lady Margaret| — | —

| | cent. | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

[p306]

XXIII. NORFOLK

---------------+------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._ | _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

---------------+------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+---

| | | | |

Bec |St. Thomas M.[319]| 1224 | William de | Bishop | —

(Billingford) | (Seal) | | Bec | |

| | | | |

Boycodeswade, | | | | |

_v._ Cokesford | | | | |

| | | | |

Burnham Overy | St. Peter[320] or| 1200 | Cheney | — | —

or Peterstone | St. Nicholas | | | |

| | | | |

_Choseley_ | _St. Lazarus_ | _1291_ | — |_Burton | _L_

| | | | Lazars_ |

| | | | |

Cokesford[321] | St. Andrew | _c._ | Hervey Beleth| Cokesford | —

| | 1181 | | Priory |

| | | | |

Creak, North | St. Mary[322] | 1221 | Robert de | — | —

(Lingerscroft) | | | Nerford | |

| | | | |

Croxton | Domus Dei | 1250 | — | Hospital, | —

| | | | Thetford |

| | | | |

Gaywood, _v._ | | | | |

Lynn | | | | |

| | | | |

Hardwick | St. Laurence | 1327 | — | Private | L

(S. Lynn)[323]| | | | |

| | | | |

Hautbois, Great| St. Mary (God’s | 1235 | Peter de | Horning | —

| House) | | Hautbois | Hospital |

| | | | |

Hempton | St. Stephen[324] | 1135 |De S. Martin | Private | —

(Fakenham) | (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Heringby |God’s House (Seal)| 1447 |H. Attefenne | Collegiate | —

| | | | Foundation |

| | | | |

Hingham | Almshouse | 1483 | S. Lyster | — | —

| | | | |

Horning | St. James | 1153 |Abbot Daniel | Hulme Abbey,| —

| | | | Bishop |

| | | | |

Ickburgh or | SS. Mary & | 1323 | W. Barentun | Private | L

Newbridge | Laurence | | | |

| | | | |

Langwade | — | 1380 | — | — | L

(Oxburgh) | | | | |

| | | | |

[p307] | | | | |

| | | | |

Lingerscroft, | | | | |

_v._ Creak | | | | |

| | | | |

Lynn or Gaywood| ‡St. Mary Magd. | 1145 | Peter, | — | L

| (Seal{328}) | | Chaplain | |etc.

| | | | |

Lynn, Bishops | St. John Baptist | _c._ | Ulfketel |Town, Bishop | —

| | 1135 | | |

| | | | |

Lynn, West Lynn| — | — | — | — | L

| | | | |

Lynn, Cowgate | — | 1352 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Lynn, _v._ | | | | |

Hardwick | | | | |

| | | | |

Massingham | Domus Dei[325] | 1260 | — | Crown | —

| | | | |

Newbridge, | | | | |

_v._ Ickburgh | | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich | St. Paul Ap.[326]| _bef._ | Bishop | Bishops and | —

| [&St. Paul, | 1119 | Herbert | Priory |

| Hermit] (Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich | *‡St. Giles, | 1246 |Bishop W. de | Bishops and | —

| etc.[327] (Seal)| | Suffield | Priory |

| | | | |

Norwich | St. Mary B.V. | 1200 | Hildebrond | Bishop | —

Conisford | (_Seal_[328]). | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich in | St. Saviour | 1297 |R. de Brekles| — | —

Coselany | | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich | God’s House | xiii |John le Grant| Bishop | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Norwich | God’s House | 1292 | Robert de | — | —

| | | Aswardby | |

| | | | |

Norwich | Almshouse | — | Croom | — | —

| | | | |

Norwich | Almshouse | 1418 | Danyel | — | —

| | | | |

Norwich | Almshouse | — | Hugh Garzon | — | —

| | | | |

Norwich | St. Mary Magd. | _bef._ | Bishop | Bishop | L

(Sprowston) | (Seal{328}) | 1119 | Herbert | |

| | | | |

Norwich St. | [St. Mary &] St. | 1312 | Bishop | — | L

Austin’s Gate | Clement | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich | _St. Mary | 1448 | — | — | L

Fybridge Gate | Magdalene_ | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich | St. Bennet | — | — | — | L

Westwick Gate | (_Seal_{328}) | | | |

| | | | |

[p308] | | | | |

| | | | |

Norwich Newport| _St. Giles_ | 1308 | Balderic | — | L

| | | | |

Norwich Nedham | St. Stephen | — | — | Horsham | L

| (_Seal_[329]) | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Norwich |_St. Leonard_[330]| _1335_ | — | — | —

_without_ | | | | |

| | | | |

Racheness | St. Bartholomew | xii | — | Castleacre | L

(Southacre) | | cent. | | Priory |

| | | | |

Somerton, West | St. Leonard | 1189 | R. de | Crown, | L

| | | Glanvill |Butley Priory|

| | | | |

Snoring Parva | — | 1380 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Sprowston, | | | | |

_v._ Norwich | | | | |

| | | | |

Thetford | St. John | xii | Roger Bigod | — | L

| Baptist{330} | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Thetford | St. Mary | xiii |J. de Warenne|Earldom, Town| L

| Magdalene{330} | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Thetford |St. Mary B.V.[331]| 1325 | — | Private | —

| | | | |

Thetford | St. Margaret | 1304 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Thetford | St. John[332] | — | — | Private | L

| | | | |

Thetford | God’s House{332} | 1319 | Earl of | Private, | —

| | | Surrey |Priory, etc. |

| | | | |

Walsingham | — | 1486 | — | Private | L

| | | | |

Walsoken | Holy Trinity | _bef._ | — | — | —

| (Seal) | 1200 | | |

| | | | |

Wymondham | — | — | — |Burton Lazars| L

(Westwade) | | | | |

| | | | |

Yarmouth | St. Mary B.V. | 1278 | T. Fastolf |Private, Town| —

| (Seal[333]) | | | |

| | | | |

Yarmouth | — | 1386 | Townsmen | Town | —

| | | | |

Yarmouth | — | 1349 | — | — | L

(Northgate) | | | | |

| | | | |

Yarmouth | — | 1349 | — | — | L

(Northgate) | | | | |

| | | | |

Yarmouth, | | | | |

Little, _v._ | | | | |

Gorleston, | | | | |

Suffolk | | | | |

---------------+------------------+---------+-------------+-------------+---

[p309]

XXIV. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_|_Date._ | _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

Armston (in |St. John Baptist| 1231 | R. de | Private | —

Polebrook) | | | Trubleville| |

| | | | |

Aynho | St. James & | 1208 | Roger Fitz | Private, | —

| St. John [or | | Richard | Magd. Coll. |

| St. Mary & | | | Oxford |

| St. James] | | | |

| | | | |

Brackley |*St. James & St.| _c._ | Robert Earl| Private, | —

| John Ap. & | 1150 | of | Magd. Coll. |

| Ev.[334] (Seal)| | Leicester | Oxford |

| | | | |

Brackley | St. Leonard | 1280 | — | Private | L

(without) | (Seal[335]) | | | |

| | | | |

_Byfield_ | _St. John_[336]| _1313_ | — | — | —

| | | | |

Cotes by | St. Leonard | 1229 | — | Peterborough| L

Rockingham | | | | Abbey |

| | | | |

Fotheringhay | — | — | — | — | —

| | | | |

Grimsbury, _v._ | | | | |

Banbury, Oxon | | | | |

| | | | |

Higham Ferrers | St. James | 1163 | Ferrers | Private | —

[337] | [338] | | | |

| | | | |

Higham Ferrers |*‡Bede House | 1423 | Abp. | Collegiate | —

| | | Chichele | Foundation |

| | | | |

Kingsthorpe by |†St. David | 1200 | Peter Fitz | St. Andrew’s| —

Northampton | (Dewy) or | | Adam or | Priory |

| Holy Trinity | | King John | |

| | | | |

Northampton | St. Leonard | _c._ | King | Town | L

(Cotton) | (Seal) | 1150 | | |

| | | | |

[p310] | | | | |

| | | | |

Northampton |*‡St. John B. | _c._ | William, | Bishop of | —

|[& St. John Ev.]| 1140 | Archdeacon | Lincoln |

|(Seal) | | | |

| | | | |

Northampton |‡St. | _c._ | Townsmen | Town | —

Northampton |Thomas-à-Becket | 1450 | | |

| | | | |

Northampton | Hospital | 1301 | — | — | L

(Northgate) | of Walbek | | | |

| | | | |

Northampton _v._ | | | | |

Kingsthorpe | | | | |

| | | | |

Peryho |[St. John B. &] | 1258 | Knyvet | Private, | —

(in Southwick) | St. Martin, | | | Cotherstoke |

| Bp.[339] | | | Coll. |

| | | | |

Peterborough | St. Thomas M. | _bef_ | Abbot | Abbey | —

| | 1194 | Benedict | |

| | | | |

Peterborough | St. Leonard | 1125 | Abbot | Abbey | L

near | | | | |

| | | | |

Rushden, _v._ | | | | |

Higham Ferrers | | | | |

| | | | |

Southwick, | | | | |

_v._ Peryho | | | | |

| | | | |

Stamford (Baron) | St. Giles | _bef_ | — | Peterborough| L

| | 1189 | | Abbey |

| | | | |

Stamford |†St. John B. & | _c._ |Siward, | Abbey | —

(without) |St. Thomas M. | 1174 |Brand de | |

| | |Fossato,etc.| |

| | | | |

Stamford | Holy Sepulchre | _bef_ | — | Abbey | —

| | 1189 | | |

| | | | |

Stamford |“_St. Logar_” | _bef | _W. de | — | —

(without) | [340] | 1199_ | Warenne._ | |

| | | | |

Stamford |*‡Bedehouse | _bef_ | W. Browne | — | —

| or All Saints | 1485 | | |

| (Seal)[341] | | | |

| | | | |

Thrapston | St. Leonard | 1246 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Towcester | St. Leonard | 1200 | — | Earl of | L

| | | | Pembroke |

-----------------+----------------+--------+------------+-------------+---

[p311]

XXV. NORTHUMBERLAND

----------------+---------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+---------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+---

Alnwick, near |St. Leonard | xii |Eustace de |Private, | —

| | cent. | Vesci | Abbey |

| | | | |

Alribourn |St. Leonard | 1331 | — | Private | —

| | | | |

_Alwynton_ | — |_1272_ |_Bishop | — | —

| | | Philip_ | |

| | | | |

Bamborough |St. Mary Magdalene | 1256 | — | Crown | L

| | | | |

Berwick-on- |St. Mary | 1301 | — | — | —

Tweed[342] | Magdalene[343] | | | |

| | | | |

Berwick-on-Tweed| God’s House[344] | 1286 |Philip de | — | —

| | | Rydale | |

| | | | |

Berwick-on-Tweed| _St. Edward_[345] | 1246 | — | — | —

| | | | |

_Bolam_[346] | _St. Mary_ | 1285 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Bolton (in |Holy Trinity or St. | 1225 |Robert de Ros|Rievaulx, | L

Allendale) | Thomas M. (Seal) | | | Kirkham |

| | | | |

Capelford by |St. Mary Magdalene | 1333 | — | — | —

Norham | | | | |

| | | | |

Catchburn nr. |St. Mary Magdalene | 1282 |Roger de | Private | —

Morpeth | | | Merlay | |

| | | | |

Corbridge | — | 1378 | — | — | L

| | | | |

_Eglingham, | — | 1331 | — | — | —

Harehope by_ | | | | |

[347] | | | | |

| | | | |

Elleshaugh by | — | 1240 | Umfreville | Bishop | —

Otterburn[348] | | | | |

| | | | |

Embleton[349] | — | 1314 | — | — | —

near | | | | |

| | | | |

Hertford | — | 1256 | Merlay | Private | —

Bridge[350] | | | | |

| | | | |

Hexham |St. Giles | 1200 | Archbishop |Archbishop, | L

| | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Hexham |Pilgrims’ Hospital | xiv | — | — | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Mitford nr. |St. Leonard | xii |William | Barony | —

Morpeth | | cent.| Bertram | |

| | | | |

[p312] | | | | |

| | | | |

Morpeth, _v._ | | | | |

Catchburn | | | | |

| | | | |

Newbiggin-by- | — | 1391 | — | Private | —

Sea[351] | | | | |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- |‡St. Mary Magdalene |_bef_ | _Henry I_ |Town | L

Tyne (without) | (Seal) | 1135 | | |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- |‡St. Mary B.V. (Seal)| _bef_ | Aselack |St. | —

Tyne | [& St. John Ev.] | 1189 | |Bartholomew’s|

(Westgate) | | | |Priory, Town |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- |St. Katherine | ┌1403 |R. Thornton |Private, | —

Tyne | (Maison Dieu) | └1412 | | Town |

(Sandhills) | | | | |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- | Trinity Almshouse | 1492 | — |Seamen’s | —

Tyne | | | | Gild |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- | Maison Dieu | 1475 | J. Ward | — | —

Tyne | | | | |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- | Maison Dieu | 1504 | C. Brigham | — | —

Tyne | | | | |

| | | | |

Newcastle-upon- | Maison Dieu | 1360 | W. Acton | — | —

Tyne | | | | |

| | | | |

Rothbury | — | xvi | — |Hulparke | —

| | cent. | | Priory |

| | | | |

Shipwash | — | 1379 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Tweedmouth | St. Bartholomew | 1234 | — | Bishop | L

(Spittal) | | | | |

| | | | |

Tynemouth, near | St. Leonard | 1293 | — | Priory | —

| | | | |

Warenford | _St. John Baptist_ | 1253 | — | Private | L

| | | | |

Warkworth | St. John Baptist | 1292 | — | Private, | —

| (Seal[352]) | | | Hulparke |

| | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Wooler | St. Mary Magdalene | 1302 | — | Private | —

----------------+---------------------+-------+-------------+-------------+---

[p313]

XXVI. NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

---------------------+------------------+-------+-----------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._|_Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

---------------------+------------------+-------+-----------+------------+---

Bawtry (without) | *‡St. Mary | 1280 | _re-f._ | Archbishop | —

| Magdalene | | Robert | |

| | | de Morton | |

| | | | |

Blyth (without) | ‡St. John. | 1226 | W. de | Private | L

| Ev.[353] | | Cressy | |

| | | | |

Blyth (without) | St. Edmund | 1228 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Bradebusk, | | | | |

_v._ Gonalston | | | | |

| | | | |

Gonalston | St. Mary | 1252 | W. Heriz | Private | L

| Magdalene | | | |

Harworth, | | | | |

_v._ Bawtry | | | | |

| | | | |

Hodsock, | | | | |

_v._ Blyth | | | | |

| | | | |

Lenton | St. Anthony[354] | 1330 | — | Alien | —

| | | | Priory |

| | | | |

Newark | ‡St. Leonard | 1125 | Bishop | Bishop of | —

(without N. gate) | | | Alexander | Lincoln |

| | | | |

Newark | | | | |

_v._ Stoke by N. | | | | |

| | | | |

Newark (Milnegate) | Almshouse | 1466 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Newark (Churchyard) | Almshouse | 1466 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Newark (Appiltongate)| Almshouse | 1466 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Nottingham | St. John Baptist | 1202 | — | Town | —

| | | | |

Nottingham | St. Leonard | 1189 | — | Town | L

| | | | |

Nottingham | St. Sepulchre | 1267 | — | _Palmers_ | —

| | | | |

Nottingham |_St. Michael_[355]| _1335_| — | — | —

| | | | |

Nottingham | St. Mary | 1330 | — | — | L

(Westbarre) | | | | |

| | | | |

Nottingham (Leen | ‡Annunciation | 1390 | J. | — | —

Bridge) | of B.V.M.[356] | | Plumptre | |

| | | | |

Southwell, near | St. Mary | 1255 | — | Archbishop | L

| Magdalene | | | |

| | | | |

Stoke-by-Newark, | St. Leonard & | _bef_ | — | Private, | —

within | St. Anne[357] | 1135 | | Crown |

---------------------+------------------+-------+-----------+------------+---

[p314]

XXVII. OXFORDSHIRE

--------------------+------------------+-------+------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

--------------------+------------------+-------+------------+------------+---

Banbury | St. John B. | 1241 | R. Whiting | Bishop of | —

| (Seal) | | | Lincoln |

| | | | |

Banbury | New Almshouse | 1501 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Banbury | St. Leonard | _bef_ | — | — | L

or Grimsbury[358] | | 1307 | | |

| | | | |

| | | | |

_Bicester_ | _St. Mary B. V. &| 1355 | N. Jurdan | — | —

| St. John B._[359]| | | |

| | | | |

Burford | S. John Ev.[360] | 1226 | — | Private | —

| (_Seal_)| | | |

| | | | |

Burford | Great Almshouse | 1457 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Clattercote in | St. Leonard | 1166 | — | Bishop, | L

Claydon[361] | (Seal)| | | Priory |

| | | | |

Cold Norton | _St. Giles_ | _c._ | — | Priory | —

| | 1158 | | |

| | | | |

Crowmarsh[362] in | St. Mary | 1142 | — | Osney | L

Bensington | Magdalene | | | Abbey |

| | | | |

Ewelme | *‡God’s House | 1437 |De la Pole | Private | —

| (Seal)| | | |

| | | | |

Eynsham | — | 1228 | — | Abbey | —

| | | | |

Newnham Murren, _v._| | | | |

Wallingford, Berks | | | | |

| | | | |

Oxford (without | *St. John B. | _c._ | _re-f._ | Crown | —

E. gate) | (Seal)| 1180 | Henry III | |

| | | | |

Oxford (without) | *St. Bartholomew | 1126 | Henry I | Crown, | L

| | | | Oriel Coll.|

| | | | |

Oxford (suburbs) | St. Giles[363] | 1330 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Oxford | St. Peter | 1338 | — | — | —

| | | | |

[p315] | | | | |

| | | | |

Oxford | St. Clement[364] | 1345 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Oxford | Domus Conversorum| 1234 | Henry III | — | —

| | | | |

Oxford | “_Bethlem_”[365] | 1219 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Thame | _St. | 1460 | R. | | —

| Christopher_[366]| |Quartermayne| |

| | | | |

Woodstock[367] | St. Mary V. & | 1339 | — | |

| St. Mary M.[368]| | | |

| | | | |

Woodstock (without) | St. Cross{368} | 1231 | — | — | L

--------------------+------------------+-------+------------+------------+---

XXVIII. RUTLAND

--------------------+-------------------+-------+-----------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._| _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

--------------------+-------------------+-------+-----------+------------+---

Casterton, Great | St. Margaret | 1311 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Oakham | *‡St. John Ev. | 1398 | W. Dalby | Private | —

| & St. Anne | | | |

| | | | |

Tolethorpe[369] | — | 1301 | John de | — | —

| | | Tolethorpe| |

--------------------+-------------------+-------+-----------+------------+---

[p316]

XXIX. SHROPSHIRE

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

| | | | |

Bridgnorth | “Vetus Maladeria” | — | — | — | L

(without[370]) | | | | |

| | | | |

Bridgnorth |S. James (Seal[371])| 1224 | — | — | L

(without) | | | | |

| | | | |

Bridgnorth | St. John Ev. or | |R. le Strange|Crown, | —

| Holy Trinity, | | | Lilleshall |

| B.V.M. and St. John| | | Abbey |

| B. (Seal[372]) | | | |

| | | | |

Ludlow | Holy Trinity, St. | 1253 |P. Undergod | — | —

| Mary & St. John B. | | | |

| | | | |

Ludlow | _St. Giles_[373] | — | — | — | —

| | | | |

| | | | |

Ludlow | ‡Almshouse | 1486 | J. Hosyer |Palmers’ | —

| | | | Gild |

| | | | |

Nesscliff, | “_St. Mary de | _c._ |Le Strange | Private | —

Great Ness | Rocherio_” | 1250 | | |

| | | | |

Newport[374] | S. Giles | 1337 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Newport | ‡St. Nicholas[375] | 1446 | W. Glover, | Town | —

| | | etc. | |

| | | | |

Oswestry | St. John Baptist | 1210 |Bishop Reyner|Haughmond | L

| | | | Abbey |

| | | | |

Richards Castle,| | | | |

_v._ Hereford- | | | | |

shire | | | | |

| | | | |

Shrewsbury |St. Giles | 1136 | King |Crown, Abbey| L

(without) | (Seal[376]) | | | |

| | | | |

Shrewsbury |S. John B. | 1221 | — |Crown, St. | —

(Frankvill) | (Seal[377]) | | | Chad’s |

| | | | |

Shrewsbury | St. George M.[378] | 1162 | — | — | —

| | | | |

| | | | |

Shrewsbury |St. Chad’s Almshouse| 1409 | B. Tuptun |Mercers’ | —

| | | | Fraternity |

| | | | |

[p317] | | | | |

| | | | |

Shrewsbury | ‡St. Mary’s | _c._ | Degory Watur|Drapers’ | —

| Almshouse | 1444 | | Fraternity |

| | | | |

Tong | St. Bartholomew | _c._ | De Bohun, |Private, | —

| | 1410 | Penbridge | Collegiate |

| | | | Foundation |

| | | | |

Wenlock, Much | St. John | 1267 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Whitchurch | — | xiii | Le Strange |Private, | —

| | cent. | (_ben._) | Haughmond |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

[p318]

XXX. SOMERSET

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

Bath | †‡ St. John | _c._ |Bishop John |Bishop, | —

| Baptist[379] | 1180 | or Reginald | Prior |

| | | | |

Bath Holloway | *‡ [St. Cross &] |_bef_ |Walter Hosate| Priory | L

or Lyncomb | St. Mary Magdalene | 1100 | | |

| | | | |

Beckington | Almshouse | 1502 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Bedminster, | | | | |

_v._ Glos | | | | |

| | | | |

Bridgwater | St. John B. (Seal) | 1214 | W. Briwere | Private | —

| | | | |

Bridgwater | St. Giles | xiv | — | — | L

| | cent. | | |

Bristol _v._ | | | | |

Glos. | | | | |

| | | | |

Bruton[380] | — | 1291 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Croscombe | Almshouse[381] | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Glastonbury | *Almshouse |_bef_ | _re-f._ | Abbey | —

| (Women’s) | 1246 | Abbot Beere | |

| | | | |

Glastonbury | *‡St. Mary | xiii | — | Abbey | —

| Magdalene[382] | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Holloway, _v._ | | | | |

Bath | | | | |

| | | | |

Ilchester[383] | St. Margaret{383} | 1212 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Ilchester | Holy Trinity | 1217 | W. Dacres | Private | —

| | | | |

Ilchester | Almshouse | 1426 | R. Veal | — | —

| | | | |

[p319] | | | | |

| | | | |

Keynsham | St. John B. | xv | — | — | —

| (Seal[384]) | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Langport,[385] | St. Mary Magdalene | 1280 | — | Private, | L

near | | | | Glastonbury|

| | | | Abbey |

| | | | |

_Selwood_[386] | — | 1212 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Taunton (W. |*‡[Holy Ghost | 1185 | Abbot Beere | Priory | L

Monkton) |&[387]] St. Margaret| | (_ben_) | |

| | | | |

Wells | †St. John B. (Seal)| 1206 | Hugh & | Bishop | —

| | | Jocelyn | |

| | | | |

Wells |*‡St. Saviour[B.V.M.| 1436 | Bishop |Dean, Mayor,| —

| & All Saints] | | Bubwith | etc. |

| | | | |

Yeovil | ‡St. George & St. | 1477 | J. Wobourne | — | —

| Christopher | | | |

----------------+--------------------+-------+-------------+------------+---

[p320]

XXXI. STAFFORDSHIRE

------------------+------------------+-------+-----------+----------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._|_Founder._ |_Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

------------------+------------------+-------+-----------+----------+---

| | | | |

_Cannock_ | _St. Mary_[388] | 1220 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Freeford, _v._ | | | | |

Lichfield | | | | |

| | | | |

Lichfield | *‡St. John B. | — | Bishop | Bishop | —

| (Seal) | | Roger | |

| | | | |

Lichfield | St. Leonard | 1257 | — | — | L

(Freeford) | | | | |

| | | | |

Lichfield | ‡Almshouse | 1504 | Milley | — | —

(Bacon Street) | | | | |

| | | | |

Radford, _v._ | | | | |

_infra_ | | | | |

| | | | |

Stafford | †St. John B. | 1208 |Earl Ralph | Private | —

(Forebridge) | (Seal[389]) | | | |

| | | | |

Stafford | St. Leonard | — |Earl Ralph | Private | —

| | | | |

Stafford | Holy Sepulchre | 1254 | — | Private | L

(Retford) | [or St. Lazarus] | | | |

| | | | |

Stoke-upon-Trent | St. Loye[390] | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent. | | |

| | | | |

Tamworth or | †St. James | 1285 | P. de | Private | —

Wigginton | | | Marmyon | |

| | | | |

Wigginton, _v._ | | | | |

_supra_ | | | | |

| | | | |

Wolverhampton | St. Mary B.V. | 1392 | Luson, | — | —

| | | Waterfall,| |

| | | etc. | |

------------------+------------------+-------+-----------+----------+---

[p321]

XXXII. SUFFOLK

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+-----------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+-----------+---

Beccles |St. Mary M. | 1327 | — | — | L

| [& St. Anthony] | | | |

| | | | |

Bury St. Edmunds| St. John Ev. | 1256 |Abbot Edmund | Abbey | —

| (God’s House) | | | |

| | | | |

Bury without | †St. Nicholas | _c._ | — | Abbey | —

Eastgate | | 1215| | |

| | | | |

Bury without | †St. Saviour[391] | _c._ |Abbot Sampson| Abbey | —

Northgate| | 1184 | | |

| | | | |

Bury without | St. Peter | xii |Abbot Anselm | Abbey | L

Risbygate| | cent.| | |etc.

| | | | |

Bury at | †St. Petronilla | xvi | — | Abbey | L

Southgate| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Bury | St. Stephen[392] | — | — | Abbey | —

| | | | |

Clare | Almshouse | 1462 |J. Bingley | — | —

| | | | |

Dunwich | *‡St. James (Seal) | 1199 |Prince John | — | L

| | | or W. de | |

| | | Riboff | |

| | | | |

Dunwich | ‡Holy Trinity or | 1251 | — | Crown | —

| Maison Dieu | | | |

| (Seal{392}) | | | |

| | | | |

Eye (without) | ‡St. Mary Magdalene | 1329 | — | Town | L

| | | | |

Gorleston[393] | St. Mary & St. | 1331 | — | — | L

|Nicholas (_Seal_[394])| | | |

| | | | |

Gorleston | St. James | — | — | — | L

| | | | |

Gorleston | St. John Baptist | xiii |_Queen | — | —

| | cent.| Eleanor_ | |

| | | | |

Gorleston | St. Mary Magdalene | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Gorleston | _St. Luke_ | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

[p322] | | | | |

| | | | |

Gorleston | _St. Bartholomew_ | xvi | — | — | —

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Hadleigh | Almshouse | 1497 |W. Pykenham, | — | —

| | | Rector | |

| | | | |

Ipswich | St. James[395] | 1199 | — | Bishop | L

| | | | |

Ipswich | St. Mary | 1199 | — | Bishop | L

| Magdalene{395} | | | |

| | | | |

Ipswich near | St. Leonard[396] | xvi | — | — | L

| | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Ipswich | _St. Thomas_{396} | — | — | — | L

| | | | |

Ipswich | Almshouse | 1515 |E. Dandy | — | —

| | | | |

Orford | St. Leonard | 1320 | — | — | L

| | | | |

Orford | St. John Baptist | 1389 | — | — | —

| | | | |

Sibton | †Hospital | 1264 | — | Abbey | —

| | | | |

_Stratton-in- | — | — | — | — | L

Leverington_ | | | | |

| | | | |

Sudbury | Holy Sepulchre | 1206 |Wm. Earl of |Earldom of | —

| | | Gloucester | St. Clare,|

| | | | etc. |

| | | | |

Sudbury | Jesus Christ & St. | — |Countess | — | —

| Mary B.V. | | Amicia | |

| | | | |

Sudbury | ‡St. Leonard | 1372 |John Colneys | Governors | L

| | | | |

Thetford, _v._ | | | | |

Norfolk | | | | |

| | | | |

Thurlow, Great | St. James | 1291 | — |Alien, etc.| —

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+-----------+---

[p323]

XXXIII. SURREY

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+-----------+---

_Locality._ | _Dedication or_ |_Date._| _Founder._ | _Patron._ |

| _Description._ | | | |

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+-----------+---

_Bermondsey_ | — | 1399 |_Richard II_ | — | L

| | | | |

Croydon | ‡St. John Baptist | 1443 |Ellis Davy |Governors | —

| | | | |

Guildford | St. Thomas M.[397] | 1231 | — | — | —

| (Spital) | | | |

| | | | |

Kingston-on- | | | | |

Thames |St. Leonard, Domus Dei| 1227 |King |Crown | L

| | | | |

Newington Butts | Our Lady & St. | xvi | — | — | —

| Katherine | cent.| | |

| | | | |

Reigate | St. Mary V. & Holy |_bef_ |W. de Warenne| — | —

| Cross[398] (Seal) | 1240 | | |

| | | | |

Sandon by Cobham|The Holy Ghost[399] | xii |R. de |Bishop; St.| —

| [or St. Mary M.] | cent. | Wateville | Thomas’, |

| (Seal[400]) | | | Southwark|

| | | | |

Southwark | ‡St. Thomas M.[401] | _bef_ |Becket, Peter| — | —

| (Seal) | 1215 | des Roches | |

| | | | |

Southwark | [St. Mary &] St. | 1315 | — | — | L

(Kent Street) | Leonard[402] | | | |

| | | | |

Tandridge | St James{398} | xii |Odo de | — | —

| | cent.| Dammartin | |

----------------+----------------------+-------+-------------+-----------+---

[p324]

XXXIV. SUSSEX