AGENCIES, METHODS, MATERIALS, AND IDEALS
_By William Trufant Foster_
At the outset we observed that the present social emergency is not
concerned merely with diseases, or physiology, or laws, or wages, or
suffrage, or recreation, or education, or religion. All of these phases of
the present situation, and many others, must be taken into account in our
attempted solution of the problem of sex hygiene and morals. A person who
believes that he can offer a quick and certain way out of our difficulties
appears to have no comprehension of the problem. This much, however, is
certain: the greatest need is public education. The policy of silence has
failed. Accurate and widespread knowledge is a necessary condition of
progress, whatever may be the chosen direction. The main questions at
issue concern the Agencies, Methods, Materials, and Ideals of
education.[61] The following propositions are intended as a brief summary
of the most important truths concerning each of those four aspects.
I. AGENCIES
1. As there are but few parents who can and will give the necessary
instruction, it must be given by other agencies, at least until a new
generation of parents has been prepared to meet this responsibility.
2. Although the failure of parents calls for the immediate action of other
agencies, the instruction should be so conducted as to break down the
barriers of false modesty and establish confidence between parents and
children.[62]
3. As the public school is the only agency of formal education that
reaches nearly all of the children of the nation, sex instruction must
eventually be given in all public schools; only thus can we bring forward
a new generation of parents, equipped with the knowledge and desire to do
their duty by their children.
4. As a majority of our boys and girls do not enter high school, some
instruction in matters of sex should be given in grammar schools.
5. No community should introduce direct sex education into the schools as
a part of the curriculum, until it has informed parents, cultivated
favorable public opinion, and obtained the services of teachers who are
qualified for the work by nature and by special preparation.
6. All normal schools and all college departments of education should at
once embody, in their courses for teachers, instruction in the matter and
methods of sex education, and adequate instruction should be provided for
teachers now in service; and within a reasonable time after such
opportunities have been offered in a given State, certificates to teach in
that State should be granted only to those who have had the prescribed
preparation.
7. As there is not now a sufficient number of public school teachers
prepared to teach sex hygiene, such teaching must be done in part, at
least for many years, by private agencies.
8. Lectures should be arranged for parents by churches, schools, colleges,
clubs, granges, boards of health, and other organizations; but no one
should be accepted as a lecturer until he is approved by a board of
health, social hygiene society, college, or other organization which is
unquestionably competent to pass judgment on the qualifications of the
speaker.
9. Since there are adults in every community that will not be reached,
even when sex education becomes a part of the day-school curriculum, such
instruction should be offered in continuation schools, in social
settlements, in Young Men's Christian Associations, in college extension
courses, in factories, stores, lumber-camps, car-shops,--indeed, wherever
the happy connection can be made between those who need the help and those
who are surely qualified to give help.[63]
II. METHODS
1. Sex instruction as a rule should not be isolated; it should not be
prominent; it should be an integral part of courses in biology, hygiene,
and ethics. "Specialists" in sex education are undesirable as teachers of
boys and girls, in or out of school.
2. As there is a discrepancy between the age of puberty and the age of
marriage, due to artificial conditions of modern society, it is important
that sex consciousness and sex curiosity should develop slowly:
accordingly, sex instruction, unlike instruction in other subjects, must
seek to satisfy rather than to stimulate interest in the subject;
questions must be answered truthfully, but the answers must not lead the
curiosity of the child beyond the information that is immediately
necessary for the guidance of his own conduct.
3. The aims of sex education can be fully attained only by the
encouragement of every means for keeping the mind occupied throughout
waking hours with wholesome thoughts and the body sufficiently active in
vigorous work and play, preferably out of doors.
4. Lectures and class instruction should be provided only for carefully
selected groups: almost nothing can be gained, and much may be lost, by
presenting the subject before miscellaneous audiences.
5. At every age, in every class, there are likely to be individuals who
need certain instruction not needed by the entire class: such instruction
should be given privately.
6. Books dealing directly with human sex life should not be given to
children before the age of puberty; some of the books most widely used are
dangerous; instruction should come directly from parent or teacher.
7. Traveling exhibits, made up of concrete and vivid materials, and
prepared with due consideration of all the accepted principles of sex
education, may be used effectively and inexpensively to bring the truths
before many thousands of adults in many places.[64]
8. Against commercialized prostitution, the educational campaign should be
one of pitiless publicity: the public should know the names of all persons
engaged in promoting the business, whether they are prostitutes (including
female _and male), or liquor dealers, owners of houses, owners of real
estate, lessees, proprietors, financial backers, policemen, or
politicians; their connection with the traffic should be proclaimed by
means as effective as the "tin-plate" signs for disorderly houses.
9. Reliable investigations should be made further to reveal the
relationships between sexual immorality and venereal diseases, on the one
hand, and, on the other hand, between sexual immorality and ignorance, low
wages, injurious clothing, lack of wholesome amusements, low dance-halls,
grills, moving-picture houses, vaudeville shows and so-called legitimate
theaters, mental deficiency, armies and navies, and--most important of
all--the liquor traffic; and the outcome of such investigations should be
made known through persistent campaigns of public education.
10. The conclusions of every vice commission and of every other dependable
investigation--not the details--must be kept before the public, until the
truth is common knowledge that segregation never segregates; that
safeguarding clinics never safeguard; that medical control never controls;
that official protection of immorality increases immorality; and that, if
there be any such thing as a necessary evil, it is not the shameless
partnership of government and vice.[65]
III. MATERIALS
1. Elementary nature-study for children and biological study for boys and
girls of high-school age may lead gradually and safely to the teaching of
plant and animal reproduction, provided that the subject is not left on
the plane of animal life; it is a mistake to suppose that the teaching of
biology necessarily promotes right conduct in matters of sex.
2. Subordinate and incidental to instruction in normal sex processes,
warning should be given of the dangers of individual vice, illicit sexual
intercourse, and venereal diseases; but such instruction should be given
only to groups that are homogeneous in respect to sex, physiological age,
and social environment, or preferably, to individuals.[66]
3. Instruction concerning venereal disease, which leaves the impression
that the chief danger of illicit intercourse is "getting caught," should
not be tolerated: knowledge of facts though scientifically accurate, is
not necessarily protection to the individual or to society.
4. As sex instruction for young people has none but practical aims,
hygienic and moral, only such knowledge concerning sex processes,
reproduction, and diseases should be given at each period as is necessary
for the welfare of the individual at that period.
5. The practice of masturbation is sufficiently common among both boys and
girls to call for warnings to all children at the earliest ages; any
teacher or parent should be qualified to help in individual cases.
6. The education of adolescent boys must stress the six great truths that
will fortify them against the main arguments of the enemies of decency and
health:--
(1) Sexual intercourse is not a physiological necessity; continence was
never known to impair physical or mental vigor.
(2) There can be but one standard of chastity; the purity a man demands
for his sister, he must achieve for himself.
(3) Seminal emissions are natural among healthy men; usually they need
cause no concern.
(4) Gonorrhea is a terrible disease, with tragic consequences that one can
never fully foretell; syphilis is worse.
(5) Every woman who offers her body for prostitution is, sooner or later,
a probable source of contagion; clean living is the only positive
safeguard against venereal disease.
(6) Nearly every "advertising specialist" is a criminal of the most
contemptible type; the only safe adviser is the doctor in reputable
standing who is not afraid to sign his name to his prescription or to his
advice.
IV. IDEALS
1. "The function of education is to guide the intellect into a knowledge
of right and wrong, to supply motives for right conduct, and to furnish
occasions by which alone can moral habits be cultivated." (Drummond.)
2. The first aim of sex education is necessarily to bring about an
open-minded, serious, if possible a reverent, attitude toward sex and
motherhood, in place of the traditional secrecy and vulgarity; a teacher
who cannot do this should do nothing.[67]
3. In so far as the sex life of animals is made the basis of instruction,
the _difference_ between man and the lower animals is the point to
emphasize; otherwise the facts of animal life may appear to justify
irresponsible sex activities, whereas the glory of man is his control over
animal instincts.
4. Since it is not ignorance of what is right, but rather the will to do
the right, that is usually responsible for sexual delinquency among
adults, the program of public education must include more effective moral
education in all grades of all schools; every subject, properly taught, is
a means of cultivating will power, of strengthening character; but the
school curriculum is now made to yield but a small part of its
possibilities.
5. The appeal must be made to self-respect and to chivalry; especially
through history and literature the idea of sex must be spiritualized; the
right education of the emotions is fundamental.[68]
6. Through the study of heredity and eugenics, the social responsibility
of the individual may be made to serve as a higher incentive for right
conduct than the fear of disease.
7. If there is one truth concerning sex education that needs emphasis
above all others, it is that all plans for meeting the social emergency
must strengthen the control of moral and spiritual law over sex impulses;
otherwise sex education may be antagonistic not only to physical health,
but as well to the highest development of personality and to the
progressive evolution of human society.
FOOTNOTES:
[61] The best expression of the consensus of opinion of those who should
know most about the subject is the _Report of the Special Committee on the
Matter and Methods of Sex Education_ issued by the American Federation for
Sex Hygiene, New York, December, 1912.
[62] _Sex Education_, by Ira S. Wile, M.S., M.D. (New York, 1912), aims to
assist parents to banish the difficulties and to suggest a course of
instruction. It is a brief and wholly admirable treatise.
[63] _Progress_, the second annual report of the Oregon Social Hygiene
Society, gives some account of the most extensive public education that
has been conducted in this country.
[64] The Exhibit of the Oregon Social Hygiene Society has been seen by
over 50,000 people, at a total cost of less than two cents for each
person.
[65] Especially valuable are the two volumes by Abraham Flexner, written
for the Bureau of Social Hygiene. See List of References.
[66] See _American Youth_, New York, April, 1913 ("Sex Education Number").
An article by George W. Hinckley tells of the ideal way in which he gives
individual instruction to his boys at Good Will Farm, Hinckley, Maine.
[67] "Sex-instruction as a Phase of Social Education," in _Religious
Education_, 1913, by Maurice A. Bigelow, is one of the best articles on
this subject.
[68] F.W. Foerster, _Marriage and the Sex Problem._ No book on this
subject has reached a higher plane of idealism. At the same time it is
scientifically sound.
LIST OF REFERENCES
CHAPTERS I, II
GENERAL SURVEY
_Prepared by Maida Rossiter, Librarian, Reed College_
Addams, Jane. _A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil._ New York, 1912.
American Federation for Sex Hygiene. Report of the Sex Education Sessions
of the Fourth International Congress on School Hygiene. New York, 1913.
American Medical Association. _Nostrums and Quackery._ Chicago.
Bloch, Iwan. _Sexual Life of our Time in its Relation to Modern
Civilization_; tr. by Eden Paul. St. Louis, 1911.
Brieux, Eugene. _Damaged Goods._ In his _Three Plays._ New York, 1911.
Commonwealth Club of California. _The Red Plague._ Commonwealth Club of
California. _Transactions_, vol. VI, no. 1, May, 1911; vol. VIII, no. 7,
August, 1913.
Dealey, J.Q. _The Family in its Sociological Aspects._ Boston, 1912.
Ellis, Havelock. _Task of Social Hygiene._ Boston, 1912.
Flexner, A. _Prostitution in Western Europe._ New York, 1913. Bureau of
Social Hygiene Publications.
---- _Prostitution in the United States._ (In preparation.) Bureau of
Social Hygiene Publications.
Foerster, F.W. _Marriage and the Sex Problem_; tr. by Meyrick Booth. New
York, 1912.
Forel, August. _Sexual Question_; tr. by C.F. Marshall. New York, 1908.
Fosdick, R.D. _European Police Systems._ New York 1913.
Kneeland, G.J. _Commercialized Prostitution in New York City._ New York,
1913. Bureau of Social Hygiene Publications.
Morrow, P.A. _Social Diseases and Marriage._ New York 1904.
Northcote, Hugh. _Christianity and Sex Problems._ Philadelphia, 1906.
Seligman, E.R.A., ed. _Social Evil._ Ed. 2, rev. New York, 1912.
Sisson, E.O. _Educational Emergency._ Atlantic Monthly, vol. 106, pp.
54-63, July, 1910.
Thomson, J.A., _and_ Geddes, P. _Problem of Sex._ New York, 1912.
Westermarck, Edward. _History of Human Marriage._ New York, 1903.
Wilson, R.N. _American Boy and the Social Evil._ Philadelphia, 1905.
Zenner, Philip. _Education in Sexual Physiology and Hygiene._ Cincinnati,
1910.
CHAPTER III
PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS
_Reproduction_
Exner, M.J. _The Physician's Answer._ New York, 1913.
Howell, W.H. _Textbook of Physiology._ Ed. 4. Philadelphia, 1911.
Landois, Leonard. _Textbook of Human Physiology._ Ed. 10. Philadelphia,
1904.
Marshall, F.H.A. _Physiology of Reproduction._ New York, 1910.
_Heredity and Eugenics_
Castle, W.E. _Heredity._ New York, 1911.
Darbishire, A.D. _Breeding and the Mendelian Theory._ New York, 1911.
Davenport, C.B. _Heredity in Relation to Eugenics._ New York, 1911.
Ellis, Havelock. _Problem of Race Regeneration._ New York, 1911.
Jordan, D.S. _Heredity of Richard Roe._ Boston, 1911.
Kellicott, W.E. _Social Direction of Human Evolution._ New York, 1911.
Punnett, R.C. _Mendelism._ New York, 1911.
Saleeby, C.W. _Methods of Race Regeneration._ New York, 1912.
---- _Parenthood and Race Culture._ New York, 1909.
Walter, H.E. _Genetics._ New York, 1913.
Winship, A.E. _Jukes-Edwards; a Study in Education and Heredity._
Harrisburg, 1900.
CHAPTER IV
MEDICAL PHASES
Dock, L.L. _Hygiene and Morality; Medical, Social and Legal Aspects of
Venereal Diseases._ New York, 1910.
Fisher, Irving. _National Vitality._ Washington, 1910. U.S. 61st Cong., 2d
Sess. Senate Doc. 419.
Hall, W.S. _Biology, Physiology, and Sociology of Reproduction_ also,
_Sexual Hygiene._ Ed. 11. Chicago, 1906.
Keyes, E.L. _Observations of the Persistence of Gonococci in the Male
Urethra._ American Journal of the Medical Science, January, 1912.
Morrow, P.A. _Social Diseases and Marriage._ Philadelphia, 1904.
Taylor, R.W. _Practical Treatise on Genito-Urinary and Venereal Diseases
and Syphilis._ Ed. 3. Philadelphia, 1904.
CHAPTER V
ECONOMIC PHASES
Adams, T.S., _and_ Sumner, H.L. _Labor Problems._ Ed. 8. New York, 1911.
Chap. I.
Addams, Jane. _A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil._ New York, 1912.
Butler, E.B. _Women and the Trades._ New York, 1909.
Flexner, Abraham. _Prostitution in the United States._ New York. (In
preparation.) Bureau of Social Hygiene Publications.
---- _Prostitution in Western Europe._ New York, 1913. Bureau of Social
Hygiene Publications.
Fosdick, R.D. _European Police Systems._ New York, 1913. Bureau of Social
Hygiene Publications.
Goldmark, Josephine. _Fatigue and Efficiency._ New York, 1912.
Kelley, Florence. _Some Ethical Gains through Legislation._ New York,
1905.
Kneeland, G.J. _Commercialized Prostitution in New York City._ New York,
1913. Bureau of Social Hygiene Publications.
More, L.B. _Life Earner's Budgets; A Study of Standards and Cost of Living
in New York City._ New York, 1907.
Roe, C.G. _Panders and their White Slaves._ Chicago, 1910.
Ryan, J.A. _A Living Wage._ New York, 1910.
Sanger, W.W. _History of Prostitution._ New York, 1913.
Seligman, E.R.A., ed. _Social Evil._ Ed. 2, rev. New York, 1912. Chap. I.
Streightoff, F.H. _Standard of Living among Industrial People of America._
Boston, 1911.
U.S. Bureau of Labor. _Women and Child Wage-Earners in the United States._
Washington, 1911-12. Vols. 5, 15.
U.S. Immigration Commission. _Steerage Conditions; Importation and
Harboring Women for Immoral Purposes...._ Washington, 1911. U.S. 61st
Cong., 3d Sess. Senate Doc. 753.
Reports of Commission, vol. 37.
Vice Commission Reports.
A list of vice commissions is printed at the end of these references.
CHAPTER VI
RECREATIONAL PHASES
Addams, Jane. _Spirit of Youth and the City Streets._ New York, 1912.
Allen, W.H. _Civics and Health._ Boston, 1909.
Camp-Fire Girls of America. _Manual._ New York, 1913.
Chicago Vice Commission. _Report_, 1911.
Collier, John. _Moving Pictures; Their Function and Proper Regulation._
Playground Magazine, vol. 4, pp. 232-39, October, 1910.
_Health Department Control of Venereal Diseases. Social Diseases_, vol. 2,
nos. 2-3, April and July, 1911.
Israels, Mrs. C.H. _Dance Problem._ Playground Magazine, vol. 4, pp.
242-50, October, 1910.
Juvenile Protective Association of Chicago. Reports on dance halls, moving
picture theaters, saloons, department stores, etc. Chicago, 1911-12.
Minneapolis Vice Commission. _Report_, 1911, pp. 129-31.
Perry, C.A. _Wider Use of the School Plant._ New York, 1910.
Playground Association of America. _Proceedings_, 1907 to date. New York,
1908 to date.
Russell Sage Foundation. Recreation Bibliography. New York, 1912.
Ward, E.J., ed. _Social Centers._ New York, 1913.
CHAPTER VII
EDUCATIONAL PHASES
American Federation for Sex Hygiene. _Proceedings_, 1913. New York, 1913.
Report of the Sex Education Sessions of the Fourth International Congress
on School Hygiene and the Annual Meeting of the Federation at Buffalo,
August 27-29, 1913.
---- Report of Special Committee on the Matter and Methods of Sex
Education. Presented before the Sub-Section on Sex Hygiene of the
Fifteenth International Congress on Hygiene and Demography, held in
Washington, D.C., September 23-28, 1912. New York City, 1913.
Cocks, O.G. _Engagement and Marriage: Talks with Young Men._ New York,
1913. Sex Education Series. Study no. 4.
Cook, W.A. _Problems of Sex Education._ Journal of Educational Psychology,
vol. 4, pp. 253-60, May, 1913.
Ellis, Havelock. _Studies in the Psychology of Sex._ Philadelphia,
1900-10. 6 vols.
Hall, G.S. _Adolescence._ New York, 1908. Chap. VI.
---- _Educational Problems._ New York, 1911. Chap. VII.
Hall, W.S. _Sexual Knowledge._ Philadelphia, 1913.
---- _Strength of Ten._ 1909.
Henderson, C.R. _Education with Reference to Sex._ National Society for
the Scientific Study of Education. 8th Yearbook, 1909.
Lyttleton, Edward. _Training of the Young in Laws of Sex._ New York, 1900.
Manny, F.A. Bibliography of Sex Hygiene. _Educational Review_, vol. 46,
pp. 168-76, September, 1913.
Moll, Albert. _Sexual Life of the Child._ New York, 1912.
Phelps, Jessie. _Teaching of Sex in Normal Schools._ National Conference
of Charities and Corrections. _Proceedings_, 1912, pp. 267-70.
Putnam, H.C. _Sex Instruction in Schools._ National Society for the
Scientific Study of Education. 8th Yearbook, 1909, pt. 2.
Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis. Educational pamphlets.
No. 1. _Young Man's Problem._
No. 2. _Instruction in Physiology and Hygiene of Sex for Teachers._
No. 3. _Relations of Social Diseases with Marriage and their Prophylaxis._
No. 4. _Boy Problem._
No. 5. _How my Uncle the Doctor instructed me in Matters of Sex._
No. 6. _Health and Hygiene of Sex._
Thomas, W.I. _Sex and Society._ Chicago, 1907.
Wagner, Charles. _Youth._ New York, 1905. Book 3.
Warthin, A.S. _Sex Pedagogy in the High School._ In Johnston, C.H., ed.,
High School Education. New York, 1912.
Wile, I.S. _Sex Education._ New York, 1912. Bibliography, pp. 149-50.
Willson, R.N. _American Boy and the Social Evil._ Philadelphia, 1905.
---- _Education of the Young in Sex Hygiene; A Textbook for Parents and
Teachers._ Philadelphia, 1913.
CHAPTER VIII
TEACHING PHASES
_For Children_
Chapman, Mrs. Rose Wood Allen. _How Shall I Tell my Child?_ Chicago, 1912.
Hall, W.S. _Strength of Ten._ 1909.
Lyttleton, Edward. _Training of the Young in Laws of Sex._ New York, 1900.
Moll, Albert. _Sexual Life of the Child._ New York, 1912.
Morley, Margaret. _Renewal of Life._ Chicago, 1906.
Torelle, Ellen. _Plant and Animal Children; how they grow._ Boston, 1912.
CHAPTER IX
TEACHING PHASES
_For Boys_
_Boys' Venereal Peril._ Chicago, 1911. (16-18 years.)
Hall, W.S. _From Youth into Manhood._ New York, 1910. (11-15 years.)
---- _Instead of Wild Oats._ Chicago, 1912.
---- _John's Vacation; A Story for Boys._ Chicago, 1913.
---- _Life's Beginnings._ New York, 1912. (10-14 yrs.)
Lowry, E.B. _Truths; Talks with a Boy concerning himself._ Chicago, 1911.
Morley, M.W. _A Song of Life._ Chicago, 1902. (Young men.)
Oker-Blom, Max. _How my Uncle, the Doctor, instructed me in Matters of
Sex._ Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis. Educational Pamphlet no.
5. (10-14 years.)
Sperry, L.B. _Confidential Talks with Young Men._
Wegener, Hans. _We Young Men._ Philadelphia, 1911. (21 years and upward.)
Wilson, R.N. _American Boy and the Social Evil._ Philadelphia, 1905. (18
years and upward.)
---- _Nobility of Boyhood._ Philadelphia, 1910. (14-18 years.)
_Young Man's Problem._ New York, 1912. Society of Sanitary and Moral
Prophylaxis. Educational Pamphlet no. 1.
CHAPTER X
TEACHING PHASES
_For Girls_
Chamberlain, A.F. _The Child; A Study in the Evolution of Man._ Ed. 2.
London, 1911.
Cleaves, M.A. _Education in Sexual Hygiene for Young Working Women._
Charities and the Commons, vol. 15, pp. 721-24, Feb. 24, 1906.
Dudley, Gertrude, _and_ Kellor, F.A. _Athletic Games in the Education of
Women._ New York, 1909.
Gesell, A.L. _Normal Child and Principles of Education._ Boston, 1912.
Goldmark, J.C. _Fatigue and Efficiency._ New York, 1912.
Gordon, H.L. _Modern Mother._ New York, 1909.
Hall, W.S. _The Doctor's Daughter; A Story for Girls._ Chicago, 1913.
---- _Life Problems; A Story for Girls._ Chicago, 1913.
Johnson, G.E. _Education by Plays and Games._ Boston, 1907.
Lowry, E.B. _Herself; Talks with Women concerning themselves._ Chicago,
1911.
---- _False Modesty._ Chicago, 1912.
---- _Confidences; Talks with a Young Girl concerning herself._ Chicago,
1910.
Mosher, E.M. _Health and Happiness._ New York, 1912.
Oppenheim, Nathan. _Care of the Child in Health._
---- _Development of the Child._ New York, 1908.
Partridge, G.E. _Genetic Philosophy of Education._ New York, 1912.
_Plain Talks with Girls about their Health and Physical Development._
Salem, 1912. Oregon State Board of Health. Circular no. 4.
Puffer, J.A. _The Boy and his Gang._ Boston, 1912.
Saleeby, C.W. _Woman and Womanhood._ New York, 1911.
Smith, N.M. _Three Gifts of Life._ New York, 1913.
Sperry, L.B. _Confidential Talks with Young Women._ Chicago, n.d.
Tyler, J.M. _Growth and Education._ Boston, 1905.
CHAPTER XI
MORAL AND RELIGIOUS PHASES
Abbott, Lyman. _Womanhood._ Oregon Social Hygiene Society. Circular no.
16.
Bible. Mark X, 2-12. Compare Deut. XXIV, 1-4.
Bible. Matt. V, 27-30.
Bible. I Cor. 7.
Foerster, F.W. _Marriage and the Sex Problem._ New York, 1912.
Hall, G.S. _Adolescence._ New York, 1908. Chaps. XIII-XV.
Hamilton, Cosmo. _A Plea for the Younger Generation._ New York, 1913.
James, William. _Varieties of Religious Experience._ New York, 1911. Chap. I.
PERIODICALS
The following periodicals are sources of news in regard to sex education,
sex hygiene, and allied subjects:--
_American Breeders' Magazine; A Journal of Genetics and Eugenics._
Published quarterly by the American Breeders' Association. Washington,
D.C. Sent to members, annual membership, $2.00.
American Medical Association: _Journal._ Published weekly by the American
Medical Association, 535 Dearborn Avenue, Chicago, Ill. $5.00 yearly.
_American Physical Education Review._ Published monthly by the American
Physical Education Association, Springfield, Mass. $3.00 yearly.
_Eugenics Review._ Published quarterly by the Eugenics Education Society,
6, York Buildings, Adelphi, London. _4s. 6d._ yearly.
_Journal of Educational Psychology._ Published monthly, except July and
August, by Warwick & York, Baltimore, Md. $2.50 yearly.
_Social Diseases._ Published quarterly. 105 West 40th Street, New York
City. $1.00 yearly.
_Survey; A Journal of Constructive Philanthropy._ Published weekly by the
Survey Associates, 105 East 22d Street, New York City. $2.00 yearly.
_Vigilance._ A monthly magazine correlating constructive efforts for the
suppression of the social evil. Published monthly by the American
Vigilance Association, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. $1.00 yearly.
U.S. Commissioner of Education. Monthly record of current educational
publications. Bibliography, published monthly, devotes one section to sex
hygiene. Sent free from Commissioner's Office, Washington, D.C.
ORGANIZATIONS INTERESTED IN SOCIAL HYGIENE
American Federation for Sex Hygiene. Combined with American Vigilance
Association to form American Social Hygiene Association.
American Health Defense League. 37 Liberty Street, New York City.
American Medical Association. 535 Dearborn Avenue, Chicago. Secy., Dr.
Alex. R. Craig.
American Purity Alliance. 207 East 15th Street, New York City.
American Social Hygiene Association. 105 West 40th Street, New York
City. Secys., Dr. William Snow, J.B. Reynolds.
American Unitarian Association. Department of Social and Public Service.
Committee on Sex Education and Hygiene. Boston, Mass.
American Vigilance Association. Combined with American Federation for Sex
Hygiene to form American Social Hygiene Association.
Bureau of Social Hygiene. Members: Davis, Katharine B.; Warburg, Paul M.;
Murphy, Starr J.; Rockefeller, John D., Jr., Chairman. P.O. Box 579, New
York City.
California Social Hygiene Society. San Francisco. Secy., C.N. White.
Chicago Society of Social Hygiene. 100 State Street, Chicago. Secy., W.T.
Belfield.
Colorado Society for Social Health. Denver, Colo.
Committee of Fourteen. 27 E. 22d Street, New York City. Secy., F.H.
Whitin.
Commonwealth Club of California. 804 First National Bank Building, San
Francisco, Cal.
Connecticut Society of Social Hygiene. 42 High Street, Hartford, Conn.
Secy., T.N. Hepburn.
Detroit Society for Sex Hygiene. 33 High Street E., Detroit, Mich. Secy.,
Raymond E. Van Syckle.
Friends' Committee on Philanthropic Labor. Park Avenue and Laurens Street,
Baltimore, Md.
Illinois Vigilance Association. 153 Lasalle Street, Chicago.
Indiana Society of Social Hygiene. 723 Hume-Mansur Building, Indianapolis,
Ind. Secy., Dr. H.G. Hamer.
Indiana State Board of Health. Indianapolis, Ind. International Congress
on School Hygiene. Fourth meeting held in Buffalo, August 27-29, 1913.
International Purity Association.
Juvenile Protective Association. 816 South Halsted Street, Chicago.
Los Angeles Society of Social Hygiene. 311 Higgins Building, Los Angeles,
Cal.
Maryland Society of Social Hygiene. 15 E. Pleasant Street, Baltimore, Md.
Secy., Howard C. Hill.
Massachusetts Association of Boards of Health. Boston, Mass.
Massachusetts Society for Sex Education. 7 Hancock Avenue, Boston, Mass.
Massachusetts State Board of Health. State House, Boston, Mass.
Mexican Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis of Venereal Diseases.
Milwaukee Society of Social and Moral Hygiene. Milwaukee, Wis.
National Conference of Charities and Corrections. Angola, Ind. Secy.,
Alexander Johnson.
National Consumers' League. 105 East 22d Street, New York City.
National Education Association. Ann Arbor, Mich. Secy., D.W. Springer.
National Purity Association. 79 Fifth Avenue, Chicago.
New Jersey Society for the Prevention of Social Diseases. East Orange,
N.J. Secy., Dr. Thomas N. Gray.
New York State Reformatory for Women at Bedford. Laboratory of Social
Hygiene. Supt., Katharine Bement Davis.
New Zealand Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis.
Oregon Social Hygiene Society. 703 Selling Building, Portland, Ore. Secy.,
H.H. Moore.
Oregon State Board of Health. 720 Selling Building, Portland, Ore. Secy.,
Dr. Calvin S. White.
Pacific Coast Federation for Sex Hygiene. Portland, Ore. Secy., H.H.
Moore.
Pennsylvania Society for the Study and Prevention of Social Diseases. 1708
Locust Street, Philadelphia. Secy., R.N. Wilson.
Rhode Island State Board of Health. State House, Providence, R.I.
St. Louis Society of Social Hygiene. St. Louis, Mo. Secy., Dr. H.E.
Kleinschmidt.
School of Eugenics of Boston. 168 Newbury Street, Boston, Mass.
Seattle Society of Hygiene. League Building, Seattle, Wash. Secy., Dr.
Sydney Strong.
Social Purity and White Cross Movement. The Philanthropist, P.O. Box 2554,
New York City.
Society of Sanitary and Moral Prophylaxis. 611 Tilden Building, 105 West
40th Street, New York City. Secy., Dr. E.L. Keyes, Jr.
Spokane Society of Social and Moral Hygiene. 420 Old National Bank
Building, Spokane, Wash. Secy., Dr. J.R. Lantz.
Texas State Society of Social Hygiene. San Antonio, Texas. Secy., Dr. T.Y.
Hull.
Triennial Congress for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic. Fifth
meeting held in London, June 30-July 4, 1913.
Washington State Board of Education. Olympia, Washington.
West Virginia Society of Social Hygiene. Elkins, West Va. Secy., O.G.
Wilson, Supt. of Public Schools.
World's Purity Federation. LaCrosse, Wis. Pres., B.S. Steadwell.
REPORTS AND INVESTIGATIONS
MUNICIPAL
Atlanta, Ga. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1912.
Chicago. Vice Commission. _Social Evil in Chicago._ Chicago, 1911.
Cleveland. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1911.
Columbia, Mo. Vice Commission. Appointed March, 1913.
Columbus, Ohio. Appointed March, 1913.
Denver, Colo. Vice Commission. Appointed September 15, 1912. Became Denver
Morals Commission January 31, 1913.
Grand Rapids. Morals Efficiency Commission of the Citizens. To carry on
work started by Committee of 41.
Hartford, Conn. Vice Commission. Appointed January, 1912.
Jacksonville, Fla. Vice Commission. Appointed September, 1912.
Kansas City. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1912.
Little Rock, Ark. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1912.
Macon, Ga. Vice Commission. Appointed January, 1913.
Minneapolis. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1911.
New York City--
Seligman, E.R.A., ed. _Social Evil._ New York, 1912.
Kneeland, G.J. _Commercialized Prostitution in New
York City._ New York, 1913.
Philadelphia. Vice Commission. _Report._ Philadelphia, 1913.
Portland, Ore. Vice Commission. _Report_, 1913.
Rochester. Vice Commission. _Report._
St. Paul, Minn. Morals Committee. _Report._
San Francisco--
Commonwealth Club of California. _Report on Prevalence
of Venereal Diseases._ February, 1911.
Shreveport, La. Vice Commission. Appointed April, 1913.
Syracuse. Moral Survey Committee. _Report on the Social
Evil in Syracuse._ 1913.
STATE
Illinois. Vice Commission. Appointed February, 1913.
Maryland. Vice Commission. Appointed March, 1913.
Massachusetts. Vice Commission. Established April, 1913.
Missouri. Vice Commission. Appointed April, 1913.
Wisconsin. Vice Commission. Established May, 1913.
STANDING COMMISSIONS
Pittsburg, Pa. Morals Efficiency Commission. Appointed May, 1912.
Chairman, Frederick A. Rhodes.
Minneapolis. Morals Commission. Appointed March, 1913. Chairman, Dr.
Marion D. Shutter.
Denver. Morals Commission. Appointed January 31, 1913. Chairman, Rev. H.F.
Rail.
New York. Committee of Fourteen.
Chicago. Morals Court.
INDEX
Addams, Jane, cited, 47, 139.
Adolescence, a critical period, 127;
begins at puberty, 127;
information and entertainment sought during, 128, 129;
evils to which it is exposed, 130-34;
ways in which the boy may be helped during, 137-41.
Adolescents, sex impulse in, 27.
Agencies of sex education, summary, 191-93.
American Social Hygiene Association, 12.
Amusement parks, dangers of, 19, 75.
Armies, dangers of their camps, 67.
Athletics, benefits of, 138.
_See_ Play.
Bathing, benefits of, 138.
Bill-boards, evils of, 19.
Billiard rooms, dangers of, 19, 74.
Biological aspect of the social emergency, 23.
Blindness, sometimes due to venereal infection, 32, 34.
Boating, 82.
Bodily regimen. _See_ Regimen.
Books, 7, 11, 195.
Boston, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
Botany, study of, in upper grades and high schools, 93.
_Boy Problem, The_, quoted, 138.
Boys, pre-pubescent and pubescent instruction to be given to, 98-102;
teaching phases for, 127-53;
adolescence of, 127-30;
evils to which they are exposed (masturbation, mental suffering, illicit
intercourse), 130-34;
are normally clean, 134, 152;
ways in which they may be helped during adolescence, 137-41;
subjects and methods of instruction for, 142-49;
conditions to be observed in giving instruction to, 149-52.
Camps, construction and lumber, 66;
military, 67;
school and municipal, 82.
Card parties, 78.
Carnivals, 76, 77.
Castration, effect of, 144.
Chastity, double standard of, 14, 136, 146.
Chicago, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
Chicago Juvenile Protective Association, quoted, 63.
Chicago Vice Commission, report of, 60.
Child labor, abolition of, 68.
Children, infection in, 34, 35.
Clean living, importance of, to be indicated to the boy, 140, 141, 147.
Clothing of girls, 157, 161, 162.
Clubs, social, 77, 80.
Colleges, instruction in sex relations to begin in, 3;
sex education for teachers to be given in, 192.
Commissions, vice, 51-61.
Companions of the boy, 139.
Consecration, 186, 187.
Consumers' League of Oregon, 57.
Contagion, sources and conditions of, 15.
_See_ Venereal infection, Venereal diseases.
Control. _See_ Self-control.
Cost of living, 16.
_See_ Wages and vice.
Dance-halls, 19.
Dances, 78.
Degeneracy, sexual, road to race extinction, 23.
Department stores, employment of girls in, 63.
Diseases. _See_ Venereal diseases.
Domestic service, 46-48, 64.
Double standard of chastity, 14;
abandonment of, 136, 146.
Dress of women, 19.
Drunkenness and prostitution, 3, 4.
Economic phases of immorality, 16-18, 45-69;
women as wage-earners, 46;
wages and immorality, 50-62;
industrial stress, and dangers in seeking employment, 62-64;
improvements recommended, 67, 68;
bibliography, 206, 207.
Education, industrial, compulsory, recommended, 68;
public, the greatest need, 190;
summary of agencies of, 191-93;
of methods of, 193-97;
of materials of, 197-99;
of ideals of, 199-201.
_See_ Educational phases, Instruction, Teaching phases.
Educational phases of the social emergency, 21-23, 84-103;
aims of sex education, 84-86;
bodily regimen, 87, 88;
mental control, 88, 89;
first principle of instruction in reproduction, 89-92;
nature study, botany, etc., 92, 93;
pre-pubescent and pubescent instruction, 93-102;
difference between man and animals the basis of instruction, 105, 106;
first instruction, 106;
a true philosophy must lie back of instruction, 106, 107;
bibliography, 208, 209.
Ehrlich, his cure for syphilis, 38, 39.
Eight-hour day, 67.
Employment bureaus, 64.
Excursions, 76.
Exner, Dr. M.J., statement of, regarding sexual continence, 29, 30 _n._
Family, not competent to instruct in sex relations, 3.
Federal Government, report on women's wages, 55, 56.
Federal report (Woman and Child Wage-Earners), 59.
Festivals, 76, 77.
Freud, his view of sex basis, 86.
Girls, pre-pubescent and pubescent instruction to be given to, 96-98;
teaching phases for, 154-67;
stability of nervous system, 154-58;
menstruation and menstrual pain, 159-61;
clothing of, 161, 162;
in industry, 162, 163;
housing of unmarried, 163, 164;
instruction to be given on reproduction, 164-67.
Girls' high schools, 161.
Gonorrhea and the gonorrhea microbe, 33-39, 100, 146, 199.
Hall, G. Stanley, his view of sex basis, 86.
Holabird, William, 135.
Home, the, as recreation and social center, 78, 79.
Hotels, employment of girls in, 63.
Housing of unmarried girls, 163, 164.
Howell, Dr. William H., quoted on the sexual appetite, 31.
Hygiene. _See_ Social emergency, Reproduction.
Ice-cream parlors, 19.
Ideals of sex education, 199-201.
Illinois State Senate, vice investigation made by, 61.
Immorality and wages, 16, 17, 50-62.
Industrial education for women, lack of, 48.
Industrial efficiency, connected with social hygiene problems, 3, 18.
Industrial stress, its bearing upon sexual hygiene and morals, 62-64.
Infection. _See_ Venereal infection.
Instruction in sex hygiene and the physiology of reproduction, what,
when, and by whom to be given, 3, 10, 25, 42-44, 90-102, 106, 110-122,
142-49, 179-89, 191;
mistakes in, serious, 9;
list of subjects to be considered, 148, 149;
conditions to be observed in giving, 149-52;
for girls, 164-67.
_See_ Education, Educational phases, Teaching phases.
Instructors in sex relations, lack of competent, 3, 10, 11, 192.
Insurance, recommended, 67.
Intoxicating liquors and commercialized prostitution, 17.
Investigations into immorality and diseases, 196.
Kelley, Florence, quoted on department stores, 63.
Kingsley, Charles, quoted, 141.
Lectures, 7, 78, 192, 193.
Legislation and prostitution, 20, 21.
Living wage. _See_ Wages.
Love, as controller of passion, 174-78.
Marriage, age of, and age of sexual maturity, discrepancy between,
13, 27, 28.
Marriage laws, object of, 27.
Massachusetts Commission on Minimum Wage Boards, report of, 54-57.
Masturbation, 130-32, 145, 198.
Materials of sex education, summary, 197-99.
Medical phases of immorality, 15, 16, 32-44;
statistics of venereal diseases in the United States, 32;
the microbes of syphilis and gonorrhea, 36-39;
infection of innocent persons, 39-41;
possibility of recovery, 41;
bibliography, 205.
Medicine, means of defense against social evils provided by, 2, 4.
Menstrual pain, 159-61.
Menstruation, 159-61.
Mental suffering among adolescents, 130, 131.
Methods of sex education, summary, 193-97.
Minimum wage, 67.
Ministers, not competent to give instruction in sex relations, 3.
Minneapolis, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
Moral and religious phases of the social emergency, 23, 168-89;
bibliography, 212.
_Mother Nature and Her Helpers,_ 104, 107.
Motion-pictures, 6, 19, 72.
Muscular activity, importance of, 155-58.
Nature study, 92.
Nervous system, stability of, 154-58.
Newspapers, 79.
New York, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
Noguchi, his test of the syphilis microbe, 38.
Normal schools, instruction in sex relations to begin in, 3;
sex education for teachers to be given in, 192.
Novels, 7.
Opiates, 63.
Orders, social, 77, 80.
Oregon, surveys made by the Consumers' League in, 52, 53.
Oregon Social Hygiene Society, 151, 195 _n._
Paralysis, 32, 34.
Parenthood, 180, 181.
Parents, confidence between child and, in matters of reproduction,
89-92, 110-22;
meetings for, 122-26.
_See_ Instruction.
Paresis, 32.
Parties, social, 78.
Passion, controlled by love, 174-78;
by religious fervor 176.
Patten, Prof. Simon N., quoted, 51.
Pessimism, 173.
Philadelphia, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
Physical exercise, 138, 139.
_See_ Play.
Physiological phases of immorality, 13-15, 25-31;
instruction in physiology of reproduction, 25;
the sex impulse, 26-28;
belief in physiological necessity of gratification, 28-31, 33, 99,
146, 176, 198;
bibliography, 204, 205.
Physiology, study of, 93.
Picture post-cards, 19.
Play, 81-83, 87, 88.
Playgrounds, 81-83.
Pool-halls, 74.
Portland, Ore., women's wages in, 52, 53;
attendance at moving-picture shows in, 72.
Portland, Ore., Municipal Employment Bureau, 64.
Portland, Ore., Vice Commission, 57, 60.
Priests, not competent to give instruction in sex relations, 3.
Problem plays, 6.
Property, used for immoral purposes, 17.
Prostitutes, what is to be done with them, 14;
status of, 65.
_See_ Prostitution.
Prostitution, past efforts to deal with, 1, 3;
physiological factors of, 13-15, 25-31;
medical phase of, 15, 16;
economic phases of, 16-18;
commercialized, 17, 18, 195;
and recreational pursuits, 19;
legal phases of, 20, 21;
and public education, 21-23;
moral and religious aspects of, 23;
biological aspect of, 23.
_See_ Social emergency.
Psychic therapy, 160.
Public opinion, relation of, to public education and to law enforcement, 21.
Quack doctors, 7, 18, 30, 130, 145, 199.
Recreation centers, 81-88.
Recreation movement, 81-83.
Recreational phases of the social emergency, 19, 70-83;
bibliography, 207.
Regimen for boys, 87, 88, 137.
Religious aspect of the social emergency, 23, 168-89;
bibliography, 212.
Reproduction, silence hitherto in regard to, 1, 2, 5, 6;
recent change of attitude in regard to matters of, 6, 7;
dangers in this change of attitude, 7-12;
instruction in, 25, 89-102, 106, 110-22, 164-67;
the impulse toward, 26-28;
instruction in, at present lacking, 84;
aims of instruction in, 84-86;
a true philosophy must lie back of instruction in, 106, 107;
bibliography, 204.
_See_ Instruction.
Road-houses, 19, 75, 76.
St. Louis, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
St. Paul, report on women's wages in, 56, 59.
Saloons, 19, 74.
"Salvarsan," 39.
Schaudinn, his determination of the syphilis microbe, 37.
Schools, responsibility of, 70;
sex instruction should be given in, 191.
Seager, Prof. H.R., cited, 62.
Self-control, the importance of, 88, 146, 147, 174-79, 200, 201.
Seminal emissions, 131, 145, 146, 199.
Sex, matters of, connection between moral and religious matters and, 168-89;
sacredness of, 186, 187.
Sex impulse, 26-28.
Sex life of child, 108-10.
Sex relations, silence hitherto in regard to, 1, 2, 5, 6;
lack of competent instructors in, 3;
recent change of attitude in regard to matters of, 6, 7;
dangers in this change of attitude, 7-9;
mistakes in teaching of, serious, 9.
_See_ Instruction, Reproduction.
Sexual maturity, age of, and age of marriage, discrepancy between, 13, 27, 28.
Sexual necessity, belief in, 28-31, 33, 99, 146, 176, 198.
"606," 39.
Skating-rinks, 75.
Social emergency, the, what constitutes, 9;
phases of, 13-24;
physiological phases, 13-15, 25-31;
medical phases, 15, 16, 32-44;
economic phases, 16-18, 45-69;
recreational phases, 19, 70-83;
legal phases, 20, 21;
educational phases, 21-23, 84-103;
biological phases, 23;
moral and religious phases, 23, 168-89;
teaching phases: for children, 104-26;
teaching phases: for boys, 127-53;
teaching phases: for girls, 154-67.
Social hygiene, movement for, retarded by many, 11;
books on, 11.
See Social emergency, Reproduction.
Societies, of social hygiene, 12.
Society, sex life in relation to, 184-86.
Spinal diseases, 32, 34.
Stage, the, 6, 19.
Standard of chastity, double.
_See_ Double standard.
Standards of living, 50-62.
Sterility, 33, 34.
Street, the, as an attraction, 72, 73.
Sunday supplement, 79.
Swimming, 82.
Syphilis, and the syphilis microbe, 32-39, 100, 199;
infection of innocent persons, 39-41;
possibility of recovery from, 41.
Teachers of sex hygiene, instruction to be provided for,
in normal schools and colleges, 192.
Teaching phases of the social emergency, for children, 104-26;
for boys, 127-53;
for girls, 154-67;
bibliography, 211, 212.
Tramping-clubs, 82.
Traveling exhibits, 195.
Unemployment, relief of, 67.
Unions, social, 77.
Venereal diseases, in the United States, statistics of, 32;
reason for frequency of, 33;
gonorrhea and syphilis, 33-39, 100, 146, 199;
as affecting children, 34;
infection of innocent persons, 39-41;
possibility of recovery from, 41.
Venereal infection, prevalence of, 15, 32;
fear of, not sufficient motive in promoting chastity, 15;
effects of, 32-44;
in men, 32, 33;
in women, 34;
in children, 34, 35;
of innocent persons, 39-41.
_See_ Venereal diseases.
Vice commissions, 52-61.
Vice in adolescents, 131-34.
Vice investigations, 51-61.
Virility, importance of, to be taught, 142-49.
Vocational training, 16.
Wage-earners, women as, increase of numbers, 46.
_See_ Women.
Wages and vice, 16, 17, 50-62.
Wagner, Charles, quoted, 135, 136, 138.
Wasserman, his test of the syphilis microbe, 38.
"Weaker sex, the," the phrase has lost some of its significance, 49, 50.
Welfare work, 68, 69.
Woman's Auxiliary Department of the Police, 58.
Women, infection in, 34;
as wage-earners, increase of numbers, 46;
drift of, from domestic service, 47;
lack of industrial education for, 48;
loss due to emergence from seclusion, 49;
the phrase "the weaker sex" has lost some of its significance, 49, 50;
connection of wages and immorality among, 51-62;
bearing of industrial stress on morals of, 62-64;
dangers to, in seeking employment, 64;
summing up of their economic condition, 65, 66.
Zoölogy, 93.