of the National Education Association, St. Louis, February, 1912 spoke
as follows:—
We have not utilized the school plants completely unless they are used
for recreation and social centers by adults. Fortunately, a school plant
that provides for the constructive play and recreation activities of
children is also most admirably adapted for similar activities with
adults. The playground, gymnasiums, swimming-pools, auditorium, club and
social rooms, library, shops, laboratories, etc., make a complete social
and recreation center for adults. Experience has demonstrated that the
facilities for academic instruction add also to the attractiveness of
the plant as a social and recreation center.
Compared with the cost of such facilities and their use when separated
from the school plant, the economy of the combined playground, workshop,
and school plant is indeed surprising. The city of Chicago has a most
elaborate system of recreation parks and field-houses. Selecting the
eleven most successful parks of the South Park Commission, we may
compare the total cost and use of the eleven parks with the cost and use
of one Gary school plant. Note that the attendance of the parks is the
total, not the average, for the eleven parks. Also note that the cost of
the school includes the furnishing of complete school facilities for
twenty-seven hundred children, in addition to the social and recreation
features.
_Chicago parks and Gary school compared as to costs_
──────────────────┬────────────┬───────────
│ Total for │
Items │eleven parks│One school
│ in Chicago │ in Gary
──────────────────┼────────────┼───────────
Population │ 800,000│ 20,000
First cost, less │ $2,000,000│ $300,000
land │ │
Annual maintenance│ $440,000│ $100,000
Annual │ │
attendance:— │ │
Indoor gymnasium│ 310,000│ 1,000,000
Shower baths │ 1,385,000│ 500,000
Outdoor │ 2,000,000│ 2,000,000
gymnasium │ │
Swimming-pool │ 735,000│ 300,000
Assembly halls │ 270,000│ 1,000,000
Reading-rooms │ 600,000│ 1,000,000
Clubrooms │ 70,000│ 50,000
Lunchrooms │ 520,000│ 20,000
──────────────────┴────────────┴───────────
------------------------------------------------------------------------
V
TABLE SHOWING HOW CAPACITY OF SMALL SCHOOL PLANT MAY BE DOUBLED
_Increasing School Capacity_
A—Traditional school plant: 8 rooms; 320 children; grounds 160 × 160;
playgrounds, 80 × 160, 40 square feet per pupil:—
Cost of building and $55,000
equipment
Cost of land 5,000
10 per cent on 6,000
investment
Annual operation 2,000
Cost of instruction 10,000
per year
B—Gary plan for 320 more pupils:—
Additional cost of $5,000
land
Additional cost of 10,000
instruction per year
Costs of building and equipment, operation and maintenance not
increased, though capacity is doubled.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDEX
Administration, 86.
All-year school, 76, 77.
“Application” work, 23, 52, 72, 73, 93.
Art-studios and work, 24, 28, 46.
Auditorium, 26, 50, 92, 111, 138.
Bluffton, 9, 10, 76, 162.
Board of Education, 10, 86.
Botany work, 29, 46.
“Boyville,” 137.
Burris, Dean W. P., 149, 164, 175.
Chemistry work, 29, 127.
Chicago, 8, 20, 21, 199.
“Clearing-house for children’s activities,” 52.
Commercial studies, 30, 48, 49.
Community center, 83.
“Complete school,” the, 17, 18.
Departmental teaching, 87.
Dewey, Prof. John, 19, 35, 132, 140, 144, 176.
Director of Industrial Work, 87.
Domestic science, 30, 47.
Duplicate-school plan, 64, 78.
Economy, 79, 80, 201.
Emerson School, 13, 14, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 27, 30, 74, 80, 87, 116,
128, 137, 138, 145, 166.
English work, 115, 139, 140.
Enrollment, 181.
Ettinger plan, 157.
Evening school, 81, 82.
Executive principal, 86.
Expenditures, 179.
“Expression” work, 113.
Extra-curricular activities, 139.
Farm, school, 136.
Fernandez, Mrs. Alice Barrows-, 147, 159.
Financing of schools, 6.
Foreigners in Gary, 5.
Froebel School, 13, 14, 18, 20, 23, 25, 31, 45, 51, 74, 133, 145, 166.
Gardens, school, 22.
Gary, 3-8, 57, 145.
Gymnasiums, 22.
Helper or observer system, 86, 100, 108, 122, 173.
History work, 27, 116.
Industrial shops, 30, 44, 45, 133.
Jefferson School, 13, 23, 30, 33, 54, 65, 80, 81, 147, 162.
Laboratories, science, 29.
Laundry, 30.
Libraries, school, 25.
Manual training, 40.
Montessori method, the, 153.
Museum, school, 24, 121.
New York City, 8, 12, 18, 33, 55, 61, 146, 147, 157, 160, 162, 174,
182.
Observer or helper system, 86, 100, 108, 122, 173.
“Peak-loads,” 63, 64.
Pestalozzi School, 13.
Physics work, 29, 125.
“Platoon” system (duplicate-school), 64.
Playgrounds, 20, 141, 199.
Pottery-shop, 30, 45.
Printery, 30, 45, 124.
Programs, 66, 69, 70, 73, 74, 191, 194, 195, 198.
Promotion, 102.
Public utility, 58.
Register teacher, 97.
Religious instruction, 53, 54, 160.
Saturday school, 38, 104, 133.
School bank, 48.
School community, 37, 40, 44, 48, 52, 55.
School day, 95.
School desks, 27.
School-gardens, 22.
School libraries, 25.
School store, 49.
School zoo, 22.
Science work, 29, 46, 122.
Self-government, 137.
Shops, industrial, 30, 44, 45, 133.
Shopwork, 156.
Special activities, 15, 74.
“Street-and-alley time,” 38, 75.
Students’ Council, 138.
Studios, art, 24, 28, 46.
Supervisors of instruction, 86.
Swimming-pools, 22.
Teachers, 91, 149.
Teachers’ assistants, 99.
Teacher-workmen, 41, 87.
Terman, Prof. Lewis, 19.
Trade schools, 44.
Training-school for teachers, 96.
Truancy, 156.
Unit school plant organization, 88.
U.S. Steel Corporation, 1, 2, 3, 145.
Updegraff, Dr. Harlan, 141.
Vacation school, 38.
Vocational guidance, 110.
Vocational training, 41, 156, 169.
Wirt, Superintendent William, 9, 10, 17, 28, 33, 39, 43, 52, 58, 59,
76, 77, 81, 84, 90, 101, 146, 158, 160.
Workmen-teachers, 41, 87.
“X” and “Y” schools, 64, 69.
Y.M.C.A., 37, 53, 55, 146.
Zoölogy work, 29, 46, 124.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
● Transcriber’s Notes:
○ Missing or obscured punctuation was silently corrected.
○ Typographical errors were silently corrected.
○ Inconsistent spelling and hyphenation were made consistent only
when a predominant form was found in this book.
○ Text that:
was in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).