_N. topeka_, and _C. erythrogaster_ characteristically occurred;
with the exception of _N. rubellus_ (only one specimen taken), all
were common at some stations. Other species in gravelly creeks were
_N. lutrensis_, _C. anomalum_, _C. commersonnii_, _P. notatus_, _L.
macrochirus_, _E. spectabile_, and _E. nigrum_. Although the one
specimen of _N. umbratilis_ taken in this survey was from the Big
Blue River, this species is more characteristic of the clearer
creeks in Kansas.
In order to illustrate the composition of the fauna in some specific
streams in the Big Blue River Basin, I segregated the fishes into
ecological groups, as in the above discussion: ubiquitous types;
species of larger, sandy streams; fishes of muddy streams; and
fishes of clear, gravelly creeks.
The total number of species taken in each of the streams was
divided into the number of species from that stream that were in
each of these units, to give a percentage. The resultant data are
presented graphically in Figure 3.
[Illustration: FIG. 3. Composition of the fauna of the entire
Big Blue River Basin, and of seven streams or stream systems
in that basin. "Mill Creek, Wash. Co." refers to all streams
in the Mill Creek System, Washington and Republic counties.
"Bl. Vermillion R. System" includes all streams in that
watershed excepting Clear Creek and one of its tributaries
(Stations 31-G and 32-G).]
[Illustration: FIG. 4. Composition of the fauna of the Big Blue
River, and of five collecting-sites on Carnahan Creek,
Pottawatomie County. Lowermost sites are at the left of the
figure.]
Figure 3 gives a generalized picture of the faunal composition in
different kinds of streams. However, the fauna of a small tributary
becomes more distinct from the fauna of the larger stream into which
the small stream flows as one moves toward the headwaters (Metcalf,
1957:92, 95-100). Figure 4 illustrates this in Carnahan Creek.
Station 11-G included four sampling-sites, which were approximately
one, two, three, and four miles upstream from the mouth of Carnahan
Creek. Station 13-G (one collection) was about four miles upstream
from the closest sampling-site of Station 11-G. Applying the same
methods as for Figure 3, my findings show a gradual decline in the per
cent of the fauna represented by the "large-river-fishes," and an
increase in the segment classified as "upland-fishes," from downstream
to upstream.
CREEL CENSUS
Fifty-three fishermen were interviewed in the 1957 creel census
period, and 152 in 1958. Only those fishermen using pole and line were
interviewed. In the area censused, much additional fishing is done
with set-lines, that are checked periodically by the owners.
In the 1958 census, 22 checks along approximately 80 miles of river
were made, and seven of these trips were made without seeing one
fisherman. The average fishing pressure for the entire area was
estimated at one fisherman per 7.9 miles of stream, or one fisherman
per 15.7 miles of shoreline.
Seven species of fish were identified from fishermen's creels in 1957
and 1958. These, in order of abundance were: channel catfish; carp;
freshwater drum; flathead catfish; shovelnose sturgeon; smallmouth
buffalo; and river carpsucker. Shovelnose sturgeon occurred in
fishermen's creels only in April, 1957, and freshwater drum occurred
more frequently in the spring-census of 1957 than in the summer of
1958.
Sixty-two of the fishermen interviewed in 1958 were fishing for
"anything they could catch," 68 were fishing specifically for catfish,
and 22 sought species other than catfish. The order of preference was
as follows: channel catfish, 21.1 per cent; flathead catfish, 15.1 per
cent; unspecified catfish, 12.5 per cent; carp, 9.2 per cent;
freshwater drum, 1.3 per cent; and unspecified, 40.8 per cent. The
kinds of fish desired by those fishermen checked in 1957 were not
ascertained.
Of all fishermen checked in 1957 and 1958, 165 were men, 17 were
women, and 24 were children. Ninety-three per cent were fishing from
the bank, five per cent were fishing from bridges, and two per cent
were wading. All but two per cent of those checked were fishing
"tightline"; the remainder fished with a cork.
The ten baits most commonly used, in order of frequency, were worms,
doughballs, minnows, liver, beef-spleen, chicken-entrails, coagulated
blood, crayfish, shrimp, and corn.
For purposes of later comparison the data on angler success (Table 4)
have been divided according to areas: Area I, below Tuttle Creek Dam;
Area II, in the Tuttle Creek Reservoir area; and Area III, above the
reservoir. Areas I and III received the most fishing pressure,
especially Station 4-S (in Area I), and Station 56-S (in Area III).
In Area I, the success ranged from 0.91 fish per fisherman-day in 1957
to 0.26 fish per fisherman-day in 1958. The 1957 census was made in
April and May, when fishing in warm-water streams is considered better
than in July (Harrison, 1956:203). The 1958 census was from late June
through July, and stream-flow in this period was continuously above
normal. Therefore, fewer people fished the river, and catches were
irregular. Catches in 1958 ranged from 0.26 fish per fisherman-day in
Area I to 0.44 fish per fisherman-day in Area III. In 1951, in the
Republican River of Kansas and Nebraska, the average fisherman-day
yielded 0.36 fish, 0.09 fish per man-hour, and 0.06 fish per pole-hour
(U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1952:13-14). The average
fisherman-day in the Republican River study was 3.0 hours, whereas the
average on the Big Blue River was 2.2 hours for all areas in 1958
(Table 4).
TABLE 4. ANGLING SUCCESS IN THE BIG BLUE RIVER, KANSAS, 1957 AND 1958.
=================================================================
AREA, YEAR, |Average |Number |Number |Number
AND NUMBER |length of |fish per |fish per|fish per
OF FISHERMEN |fisherman-day|fisherman-day|man-hour|pole-hour[A]
---------------+-------------+-------------+--------+------------
Area I, 1957 | 2.7 hours | 0.91 | 0.33 | 0.23
53 fishermen | | | |
Area I, 1958 | 2.5 hours | 0.26 | 0.10 | 0.07
84 fishermen | | | |
Area II, 1958 | 1.7 hours | 0.37 | 0.22 | 0.14
27 fishermen | | | |
Area III, 1958 | 2.4 hours | 0.44 | 0.16 | 0.11
41 fishermen | | | |
All areas, 1958| 2.2 hours | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.09
152 fishermen| | | |
[A] Fishermen used an average of 1.44 poles.
In the Big Blue River 47.7 per cent of all fishermen were successful in
Area I in 1957, while only 13.1 per cent were successful in the same
area in 1958 (Table 5). In the Republican River, 24 per cent of the
fishing parties were successful (1.64 persons per party) (U. S. Fish and
Wildlife Service, _loc. cit._). The average distance that each fisherman
had traveled to fish in the Big Blue River was 15.7 miles. Seventy-nine
per cent of the persons contacted lived within 25 miles of the spots
where they fished. In the study on the Republican River, 77 per cent of
the parties interviewed came less than 25 miles to fish.
TABLE 5. PER CENT OF TOTAL FISHERMEN SUCCESSFUL, AND DISTANCES
TRAVELLED TO FISH, BIG BLUE RIVER BASIN, KANSAS, 1957 AND 1958.
ALL DISTANCES WERE MEASURED IN AIRLINE MILES.
============================+=======+=======+=======+=======+======
| 1957 | 1958 | 1958 | 1958 | 1958
| Area | Area | Area | Area | All
| I | I | II | III | areas
----------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------
Per cent of | 47.1 | 13.1 | 18.5 | 19.5 | 15.8
fishermen successful | | | | |
| | | | |
Distances traveled to fish | 0-121 | 1-197 | 0-124 | 0-60 | 0-197
(averages in parentheses) |(15.6) |(20.5) |(13.5) |(7.4) |(15.7)
----------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------
RECOMMENDATIONS
My primary recommendation is for continued study of the Tuttle Creek
Reservoir, and the Big Blue River above and below the reservoir, to
trace changes in the fish population that result from impoundment.
Probably the fishes that inhabit the backwaters, creek-mouths, and
borrow-pits in the Big Blue River Basin (gars, shad, carpsucker,
buffalo, carp, sunfishes, and white bass) will increase in abundance
as soon as Tuttle Creek Reservoir is formed. Also, as in eastern
Oklahoma reservoirs (see Finnell, _et al_., 1956:61-73), populations
of channel and flathead catfish should increase. Because of the
presence of brood-stock of the major sport-fishes of Kansas (channel
and flathead catfish, bullhead, bluegill, crappie, largemouth bass,
and white bass), stocking of these species would be an economic waste:
exception might be made for the white bass. It may be above Tuttle
Creek Dam, but was not found there.
I do recommend immediate introduction of walleye, and possibly
northern pike (_Esox lucius_ Linnaeus), the latter species having been
successfully stocked in Harlan County Reservoir, Nebraska, in recent
years (Mr. Donald D. Poole, personal communication). These two species
probably are native to Kansas, but may have been extirpated as
agricultural development progressed. Reservoirs may again provide
habitats suitable for these species in the State.
If Tuttle Creek Reservoir follows the pattern found in most Oklahoma
reservoirs, large populations of "coarse fish"--fishes that are,
however, commercially desirable--will develop (Finnell, _et al._,
_loc. cit._). To utilize this resource, and possibly to help control
"coarse fish" populations for the betterment of sport-fishing, some
provision for commercial harvest should be made in the reservoir.
SUMMARY
1. The Big Blue River Basin in northeastern Kansas was studied between
March 30, 1957, and August 9, 1958. The objectives were to record the
species of fish present and their relative abundance in the stream,
and to obtain a measure of angling success prior to closure of Tuttle
Creek Dam.
2. Fifty-nine stations were sampled one or more times, using seines,
hoop and fyke nets, wire traps, experimental gill nets, rotenone, and
an electric fish shocker.
3. Forty-eight species of fish were obtained, and five others have
been recorded in literature or found in museums. One species,
_Carpiodes forbesi_, is recorded from Kansas for the first time.
4. _Notropis lutrensis_ was the most abundant fish in the Big Blue
River Basin, followed by _Notropis deliciosus_ and _Ictalurus
punctatus_. The most abundant sport-fishes were _I. punctatus_,
_I. melas_, and _Pylodictis olivaris_, respectively.
5. The spawning behavior of _Notropis lutrensis_ is described.
6. A creel census at major points of access to the Big Blue River, was
taken in 1957 (below Tuttle Creek Dam) and in 1958 (above, in, and
below the dam-site). Fishing pressure averaged one fisherman per 15.7
miles of shoreline. The average length of the fisherman-day averaged
2.2 hours, with an average of 0.33 fish per fisherman-day being caught
in 1958. The average number of fish per man-hour in 1958 was 0.14 and
15.8 per cent of the fishermen were successful. Distances traveled in
order to fish ranged from 0 to 197 miles (airline) and averaged 15.7
miles.
7. The primary recommendation is that studies be continued, to
document changes that result from impoundment. Because brood-stock of
the major sport-fishes is already present, stocking is unnecessary,
except for walleye and northern pike. Also, I recommend commercial
harvest of non-game food-fishes.
LITERATURE CITED
BAILEY, R. M.
1956. A revised list of fishes of Iowa, with keys for
identification. _In_ Iowa Fish and Fishing, by J. R. Harlan
and E. B. Speaker. Iowa State Cons. Comm., Des Moines,
pp. 325-377.
----, and CROSS, F. B.
1954. River sturgeons of the American genus _Scaphirhynchus_:
characters, distribution, and synonymy. Pap. Michigan Acad.
Sci., Arts, and Letters, 39 (1953): 169-208.
BREUKELMAN, J.
1940. A collection of Kansas fish in the State University
Museum. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 43: 377-384.
BUCHHOLZ, M.
1957. Age and growth of river carpsucker in Des Moines River,
Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 64: 589-600.
CANFIELD, H. L., and WIEBE, A. H.
1931. A cursory survey of the Blue River System of Nebraska.
U. S. Dept. Comm., Bur. of Fisheries, Econ. Circ. 73: 1-10.
COLBY, C., DILLINGHAM, H., ERICKSON, E., JENKS, G., JONES, J., and
SINCLAIR, R.
1956. The Kansas Basin, Pilot Study of a Watershed. Univ. of
Kansas Press, Lawrence, ix + 103 pp.
CRAGIN, F. W.
1885. Preliminary list of Kansas fishes. Bull. Washburn Lab. of
Nat. Hist., 1 (3):105-111.
CROSS, F. B.
1950. Effects of sewage and of a headwaters impoundment on the
fishes of Stillwater Creek in Payne County, Oklahoma.
Amer. Midl. Nat., 43 (1):128-145.
1954. Fishes of Cedar Creek and the South Fork of the
Cottonwood River, Chase County, Kansas. Trans.
Kansas Acad. Sci., 57 (3): 303-314.
EDDY, S., and SURBER, T.
1947. Northern Fishes, with Special Reference to the Upper
Mississippi Valley. Univ. of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis,
xii + 276 pp.
EVERMANN, B. W., and COX, U. O.
1896. Report upon the fishes of the Missouri River Basin.
Appendix 5. Rept. U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries
for 1894. pp. 325-429.
FINNELL, J. C., and JENKINS, R. M.
1954. Growth of channel catfish in Oklahoma waters: 1954
revision. Oklahoma Fish Res. Lab. Rept. 41: ii + 1-37.
----, JENKINS, R. M. and HALL, G. E.
1956. The fishery resources of the Little River System,
McCurtain County, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Fish.
Res. Lab. Rept. 55: ii + 1-82.
FLORA, S. D.
1948. Climate of Kansas. Rept. Kansas State Board of Agri.,
67 (285): xii + 1-320.
FORBES, S. A., and RICHARDSON, R. E.
1920. The Fishes of Illinois. Nat. Hist. Survey of Illinois.
Illinois Printing Co., Danville, cxxxi + 357 pp.
FRYE, J. C., and LEONARD, A. B.
1952. Pleistocene geology of Kansas. Kansas Geol. Survey,
Bull. 99: 1-230.
GILBERT, C. H.
1886. Third series of notes on the fishes of Kansas. Bull.
Washburn Lab. of Nat. Hist., 1 (6): 207-211.
GRAHAM, I. D.
1885. Preliminary list of Kansas fishes. Trans.
Kansas Acad. Sci., 9: 69-78.
HARRISON, H. M.
1956. Angling for channel catfish. _In_ Iowa Fish and Fishing,
by J. R. Harlan and E. B. Speaker. Iowa State Cons. Comm.,
Des Moines. Pp. 202-212.
HUBBS, C. L.
1945. Corrected distributional records for Minnesota fishes.
Copeia, 1945 (1):13-22.
----, and ORTENBURGER, A. I.
1929. Further notes on the fishes of Oklahoma with descriptions
of new species of Cyprinidae. Pub. Univ. Oklahoma Biol.
Survey, 1 (2): 17-43.
----, and LAGLER, K. F.
1947. Fishes of the Great Lakes Region. Cranbrook Inst. of
Sci., Bull. 26: xi + 1-186.
----, and BAILEY, R. M.
1952. Identification of _Oxygeneum pulverulentum_ Forbes, from
Illinois, as a hybrid cyprinid fish. Pap. Michigan Acad.
Sci., Arts, and Letters, 37 (1951): 143-152.
JENNINGS, D.
1942. Kansas fish in the Kansas State College Museum at
Manhattan. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 45: 363-366.
KANSAS WATER RESOURCES FACT-FINDING AND RESEARCH COMMITTEE.
1955. Water in Kansas. A Report to the Kansas State Legislature ...
Univ. of Kansas. 1-216 pp.
KINCER, J. B.
1941. Climate and weather data for the United States. _In_
Climate and Man, Yearbook of Agri. for 1941. House Doc. 27.
pp. 685-699.
LAGLER, K. F.
1952. Freshwater Fishery Biology. Wm. C. Brown Co., Dubuque,
Iowa. x + 360 pp.
LUGN, A. L.
1935. The Pleistocene geology of Nebraska. Nebraska Geol.
Survey, Bull. 10, 2nd series: 1-223.
MARZOLF, R. C.
1955. Use of pectoral spines and vertebrae for determining age
and rate of growth of the channel catfish. Jour. Wildl. Mgmt.,
19 (2): 243-249.
MEEK, S. E.
1895. Notes on the fishes of western Iowa and eastern Nebraska.
Bull. U. S. Fish Comm., 14 (1894): 133-138.
METCALF, A. L.
1957. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas.
Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 11:345-400.
MINCKLEY, W. L., and CROSS, F. B.
In press. Habitat, distribution, and abundance of _Notropis
topeka_ (Gilbert) in Kansas. Amer. Midl. Nat.
MONFORT, E.
1956. A layman looks at water. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci.,
59 (1):118-123.
MOORE, G. A.
1957. Fishes. _In_ Vertebrates of the United States, by W.
Blair, A. Blair, P. Brodkorb, F. Cagle, and G. Moore.
McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, N. Y. pp. 31-210.
MOORE, R. C., and LANDES, K. K.
1937. Geologic map of Kansas. Scale 1:500,000. Kansas Geol.
Survey.
NEBRASKA STATE PLANNING BOARD.
1936. Water resources of Nebraska. Mimeo. by Nebraska State
Planning Board. Lincoln, xxviii + 695 pp.
PFEIFFER, R. A.
1955. Studies on the life history of the rosyface shiner,
_Notropis rubellus_. Copeia, 1955 (2):95-104.
RANEY, E. C.
1947. Subspecies and breeding behavior of the cyprinid fish
_Notropis procne_ (Cope). Copeia, 1947 (2):103-109.
SCHOEWE, W. H.
1953. The geography of Kansas, Part III--concluded,
hydrogeography. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 56 (2):131-190.
SNEDECOR, G. W.
1956. Statistical Methods. Iowa State College Press, Ames.
xiii + 534 pp.
STARRETT, W. C.
1950. Distribution of the fishes of Boone County, Iowa, with
special reference to the minnows and darters. Amer. Midl.
Nat., 43 (1): 112-127.
TRAUTMAN, M. B.
1957. The Fishes of Ohio. Waverly Press, Inc., Baltimore, Md.
xvii + 683 pp.
U. S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE.
1952. A one-year creel census and evaluation of the Republican
River, Nebraska and Kansas, 1951. Mimeo. by the Staff,
Missouri River Basin Studies, Billings, Mont. 29 pp.,
Appendix.
1953. A preliminary report on fish and wildlife resources in
relation to the water development plan for the Tuttle Creek
Dam and Reservoir, Big Blue River, Missouri River Basin,
Kansas. Mimeo. by the Staff, Missouri River Basin Studies,
Billings, Mont. 25 pp.
VAN ORMAN, C. R.
1956. Surface water--its control and retention for use. Trans.
Kansas Acad. Sci., 59 (1):105-110.
WALTERS, K. L.
1954. Geology and ground-water resources of Marshall County,
Kansas. Kansas Geol. Survey, Bull. 106:1-116.
_Transmitted December 19, 1958._
[]
27-7080
UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain
this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas
Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in
a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the
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There is no provision for sale of this series by the University
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individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be
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* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply
(not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date,
in this series, are as follows:
Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.
*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest.
Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.
Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and
distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures
in text. June 12, 1951.
*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds.
By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text.
June 29, 1951.
3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale
Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables.
October 10, 1951.
4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H.
Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649,
7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.
Index. Pp. 651-681.
*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466,
41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.
Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.
*Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_. By
Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text,
30 tables. August 10, 1952.
Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303,
73 figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952.
2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in northeastern
Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L. Sandidge.
Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24, 1953.
3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico.
By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text.
February 15, 1954.
4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip H.
Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables.
April 21, 1954.
5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker and
James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954.
6. Distribution of Some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox
Jones, Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954.
7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse. Microtus
montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954.
8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from
southeastern California and Arizona. By Terry A.
Vaughan. Pp. 507-512. July 23, 1954.
9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California.
By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text,
12 tables. November 15, 1954.
10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern Mexico.
By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15, 1954.
11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. By E.
Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954.
12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Cratogeomys
castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell
and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15, 1955.
13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from
northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612.
April 8, 1955.
14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews.
By James S. Findley, Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955.
15. The pigmy woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, its distribution
and systematic position. By Dennis G. Rainey and Rollin
H. Baker. Pp. 619-624, 2 figures in text. June 10, 1955.
Index. Pp. 625-651.
Vol. 8. 1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink,
Eumeces fasciatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156, 26 figs.
in text. September 1, 1954.
2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family Fringillidae, a
taxonomic study. By William B. Stallcup. Pp. 157-211,
23 figures in text, 4 tables. November 15, 1954.
3. An ecological study of the collared lizard (Crotaphytus
collaris). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274, 10 figures in
text. February 10, 1956.
4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog, Gastrophryne
olivacea. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9 figures in
text. February 10, 1956.
5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B.
Tordoff. Pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text. March 10, 1956.
6. A population study of the prairie vole (Microtus
ochrogaster) in northeastern Kansas. By Edwin P. Martin.
Pp. 361-416, 19 figures in text. April 2, 1956.
7. Temperature responses in free-living amphibians and
reptiles of northeastern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch.
Pp. 417-476, 10 figures in text, 6 tables. June 1, 1956.
8. Food of the crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, in
south-central Kansas. By Dwight Platt. Pp. 477-498,
4 tables. June 8, 1956.
9. Ecological observations on the woodrat Neotoma
floridana. By Henry S. Fitch and Dennis G. Rainey.
Pp. 499-533, 3 figures in text. June 12, 1956.
10. Eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana; Life history and
ecology. By Dennis G. Rainey. Pp. 585-646, 12 plates,
13 figures in text. August 15, 1956.
Index. Pp. 647-675.
Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley.
Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.
2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of mammals
from Utah. By Stephen D. Durrant, M. Raymond Lee, and
Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10, 1955.
3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from northeastern
Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J. Stains.
Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955.
4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus
pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 85-104, 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956.
5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson.
Pp. 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.
6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus
Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures
in text. May 19, 1956.