It was June 14th. Time 11:30 P.M.: the night was serene; great peace
reigned over the hills and mountains; no sound reached us. From afar
off in the direction of Capella the feeble voice of a piano brought us
the echoes of a Viennese waltz. All this calm surprised and frightened
me for I knew what was preparing beneath the calm exterior. That
evening I had received a note from Brunora on which were written the
sole words, “until to-morrow.”
I asked myself with anxiety and incredible emotion what would happen
when the fatal struggle began. I was not kept waiting long, for
suddenly, as if a diabolical orchestra had been let loose, a thousand
sounds spread through the mountain repeated by the echoes in the
valleys. The din increased, traveled, stopped at times and then
recommenced; it seemed as if a giant machine-gun were winding off shots
from a long ribbon. The voices of the cannon of different caliber
followed without interruption in their clamor. The piercing shrieks
from the meadows were at intervals drowned by the round rumblings of
the medium calibers followed by the hideous roars from the firing
mouths of large caliber. The bombardment seemed to be on the side of
the mountain, but lighter in the region of the Montello and again
became intensive in the region towards the sea. I could not keep still,
I was restless and ran madly to the top of the hill, towards the spot I
had selected as my observation post. The entire plain beneath me was in
flames, the line of the Piave was easily recognizable, even at night,
from the shooting stars incessantly ascending; it seemed as if a
wonderful forest of resplendent flowers was rising and far off on the
horizon was blossoming in a metamorphosis of light. The white, red, and
green intermingled in a golden rain. The region before the Piave was
continually broken by the enemy’s flashes and in answer came shelling
from our artillery grouped on the slope of the Montello. The flare of
the gun discharges seemed, in the diffused light, like the leaping
flash of magnesium light illumining at intervals a certain region. A
shell of large caliber struck not far from us in the direction of
Carpesica; our soldiers could not have been taken by surprise, they
answered, they regulated their fire, they prevented the masses of the
enemy from flooding the roads which lead to the front. My signals had
been significant; they must have understood....
All night I anxiously kept watch on the hill; all night I tried to
discern from the noise of the bombardment some indication of the
outcome of the battle. Bottecchia was near me and about us there were
grouped several peasants and a few women who were praying for the boys
fighting on the other side, and above the deafening rumble of the
battle the feeble mumbling of their litanies at times reached my ears.
Day was about to dawn and from all the aviation camps aeroplanes rose
in uninterrupted flight directed towards the front. Who knew how
terrible the conflict in the air would be and how many of our
adversaries would fall under our straight shooting! I wished to move,
to run, to participate in some way in the action, instead I was
compelled to stay immobile, I was detained far from the struggle in
which the fate of my country was being decided, and I, who had never
missed an offensive since the first day of the war, felt as if I had
abandoned my post, as if I had deserted because in this moment I was
not, as usual, where the fray was thickest, the action most heated and
deadly.
It was seven in the morning, the hour in which the infantry was
scheduled to advance. The bombardment from the big-caliber guns had
lessened and naught but the piercing shriek of field pieces from the
meadows was heard. At times, wafted by the wind, I knew not if it
were real or imagined, I seemed to hear the light rattle of the
machine-guns. A thick fog spread over the Piave and it seemed as if the
entire line had been suddenly submerged. It appeared to be the effect
of the smoke projectiles intended to hide from our men the places in
which the enemy was building bridges. Suddenly someone broke through
the little group of people surrounding me. A priest in a long black
robe and with something hidden under his shirt asked anxiously where he
could find the Italian officer.
“Here, I am the Italian officer.”
He took from under his tunic a small rectangular box and excitedly
handed it to me. I did not thank him, but clasped his hand. Hastily I
descended the hill carrying the little box with me and ran to the
stable to copy the documents which were hidden in the little tin box. I
removed a piece of glass from the window, above it I placed a thin
piece of paper and with a pencil which I found in the box I began to
transcribe; I knew the code and the handwriting and soon I had filled
six sheets. Bottecchia was standing on guard outside in front of the
door. Now my actions were not useless, now I felt as if I had again
become a combatant, now I knew that my life again had a value. We
folded the little sheets in a compact roll, we pressed and tightened
them to make them fit in the small tube, and fastened on the cover,
being careful to place it with the colored part turned up so that
during the flight the cork would not fall out and the risk be run of
losing the pigeon despatch. With great precaution we took the dear bird
from the cage and placing one of its legs between the index and middle
finger held it curved, violet breast facing us. The docile creature did
not flutter, but calmly let us work. We opened the rings fastened to
the tube and placed them about the leg of the pigeon, being careful not
to tighten them too much lest the bird suffer, yet not too loose, lest
the tube be lost. Then still holding fast to the bird, I threw a jacket
over my shoulder to hide the bird, and we went out on the hill. We hid
in a wheat field so that no one about could see us, and launched the
gentle bird towards the sky. It ascended at once and made several turns
over our heads. The rustle of its wings was cadenced and even and we
followed the bird in flight for a long time with an anxious look. Again
it passed over our heads in ever-widening circles and then flew
directly toward our territory. Within an hour our forces would know the
plan of battle. I returned to my observation post at the top of the
hill.
Time, 9.30. To me the bombardment seemed to be increasing in intensity
and at the same time I noticed that our batteries were not answering
with the same violence as formerly. Had our forces been surprised?...
Had the enemy the upper hand?... The hours fled with startling
rapidity. At four in the afternoon Rino, greatly fatigued, brought me a
message sent from Vittorio. The message was thus constructed:
“Time, 3.30 P.M. Between the Astico and the Brenta the Austrians
have conquered Val Bella Point, Col del Rosso, and Col d’Echele.
The 32nd Austrian division has broken the front on Mount Asolone
reaching Mount Coston and quota 1503. The 60th division has reached
Mount Pertica and quota 1581. On the Solarolo salient the 55th
division has been successful in the direction of Salton, but are
strongly opposed by the great Italian resistance. The 20th division
Honved and the 50th division have suffered great losses in their
attack on Mount Tomba. On the Montello, the 31st division has
crossed the Piave at Campagnole di Sopra and is advancing rapidly.
The 13th and 17th divisions Schützen have crossed the Piave at
Villa Iacur and at Campagnole their gains extend from Giavera to
the bridge of Priula.”
These successes of the enemy, although considerable, did not seem to me
cause for great worry. Nevertheless I had hope that the later reports
which the refugee would bring me, would be more encouraging! At about
seven he came with another message:
“In the region of the Montello there have been strong
counter-attacks by the Italians, but they have not kept the 31st
and 41st Honved and the 11th division (dismounted), from crossing
the Piave and from reinforcing the positions captured from Candulu
to the sea. The Austrians have at all points reached the right bank
of the Piave. Their advance in certain points is one and a quarter
miles deep, but the Italians yet hold the bank of the river between
Candulu and the bridge of the Priula. The resistance of the
Italians continues heated.”
That summarized the first day of battle. These last reports were far
less comforting than the former because if the Austrians succeeded in
driving on a little farther they would attack the key positions and
then the Italians would have to decide on a retreat, and this setback
would mean enormous sacrifices. But I could not admit it, I could not
even think of it. Something must intervene in our favor. The fresh
reserves which had not taken part in the battle as yet would turn the
tide in our favor. But ere this happened how many days of terrible
anguish must I still pass, for how many more nights must I stand on
guard questioning the flashes I saw on the other side, questioning the
flames of discharge from our batteries to see if they are still in the
same place, if they were silent, or had been forced to retreat! I
looked towards the Montello and it seemed to me that the fire of our
cannon still came from the same place, but that was not a convincing
proof, because those batteries might have fallen into the hands of the
enemy who then could have brought them into action against our men.
But, observing and analyzing everything well, I did not think the enemy
had reached any important objective. As the battle developed I saw the
accuracy of the information reported to me by Brunora, and since he
reported that the objectives of the first day were to be the line,
Montebelluna, Treviso, San Michele del Quarto to the sea, and these had
not been reached at any point, I had reason to be cheerful. I should
have liked to know, however, how great a force the Austrians had used
in this fighting, whether their losses had been great, whether the
tenacity of our troops had really surpassed their expectations; I
should have liked to know the condition of the Piave which must have
swollen from the recent rains.
During the night we could not get a moment’s rest. The bombardment was
so deafening that even if one wished to sleep it would have been
impossible. Moreover every report made me start and I anxiously awaited
the hour of dawn when I hoped to receive the coveted reports. I should
have liked to fall asleep for several days and awaken when our forces
had repulsed the enemy. However, I had to lay aside my personal worries
and try to gather as much information as possible, for it would be all
the more valuable to our command at such critical moments as these!
Brunora wrote in his morning bulletin that all night there had been a
great movement of troops towards the lower Piave, for the Austrian
command, realizing that the attacks on the mountain had failed, had
decided to give greater impetus to the attack from the Montello to the
sea and especially towards the coast-line. I was anxious to see the
Austrian despatch, which would certainly be printed in the _Gazetta del
Veneto_, and I eagerly opened the newspaper which the refugee brought
me. The despatch mentioned 30,000 prisoners, marvelous assaults,
positions conquered, but it named no definite regions, and finally
spoke of the tenacious resistance of the Italians and the opposition
which had to be overcome by heroic shock troops to open up a way
through the territory which was favorable to a defensive position and
on which the Italians concentrated all their knowledge and their most
valiant troops. On the whole, the article, although emphatic and
verbose, did not seem exactly the kind one would write to celebrate a
great victory and between the lines I seemed to read a hidden
preoccupation.
The signals indicating “Troops are being moved towards the plain” was
placed on the ground and at two o’clock our aeroplanes came to take
photographs.
The despatch of the evening of June 16th follows:
“Situation on the Montello unchanged. The greatest effort of the
enemy has been on the lower Piave. Ten enemy divisions have engaged
in a terrific struggle and have occupied Fagaré and Bocca di
Collalta from which they had been driven. The resistance of the
Italians continues to be strong. Archduke Joseph this morning was
supposed to be present at a great meeting rendering thanks to God
for the victory of the Piave, but instead the meeting has been
postponed.”
This day too passed without any important victory for the Austrians and
this gratified me because every day that passed gave our men more time
in which to gather the reserves and disclosed further the objectives of
the enemy. The bombardment on the side of the mountain was now silent,
but grew more intense between the bridge of the Priula and the sea.
Evidently they were preparing the most obstinate attacks for the coming
days in that region, but I was certain that if the Austrians had not
succeeded in their surprise attacks they would never succeed. And this
was the day they had planned to arrive in Venice ... but thank God,
Venice was still far distant!
With the evening bulletin Brunora also sent me my legitimization paper
and one for Bottecchia. From it I gathered that I was thirty-five, that
I was a peasant, that I could not speak German. To make it valid I had
to place the print of my thumb in a certain place, and the thoughtful
secretary had provided even for this by sending me some blotting paper
soaked in copying ink. I pressed my finger on the paper and made a
fingerprint under my signature. Of course, while signing my name I
tried to change my handwriting in imitation of the irregular writing of
the peasants and smilingly I admired the round puffy “P” with which I
began my name. I practiced copying my name so that I should be able to
write it always in the same way. This paper enabled me at last to
wander about, and I decided to go on the following morning, before it
was time to place the signals, as far as Sarmede where there was a
large enemy auto-park and great movements of troops and material.