In order to come to grips at once with the question of time-expenditure
in all its actuality, I must choose an individual case for examination.
I can only deal with one case, and that case cannot be the average
case, because there is no such case as the average case, just as there
is no such man as the average man. Every man and every man's case is
special.
But if I take the case of a Londoner who works in an office, whose
office hours are from ten to six, and who spends fifty minutes morning
and night in travelling between his house door and his office door, I
shall have got as near to the average as facts permit. There are men
who have to work longer for a living, but there are others who do not
have to work so long.
Fortunately the financial side of existence does not interest us here;
for our present purpose the clerk at a pound a week is exactly as well
off as the millionaire in Carlton House-terrace.
Now the great and profound mistake which my typical man makes in regard
to his day is a mistake of general attitude, a mistake which vitiates
and weakens two-thirds of his energies and interests. In the majority
of instances he does not precisely feel a passion for his business; at
best he does not dislike it. He begins his business functions with
reluctance, as late as he can, and he ends them with joy, as early as
he can. And his engines while he is engaged in his business are seldom
at their full "h.p." (I know that I shall be accused by angry readers
of traducing the city worker; but I am pretty thoroughly acquainted
with the City, and I stick to what I say.)
Yet in spite of all this he persists in looking upon those hours from
ten to six as "the day," to which the ten hours preceding them and the
six hours following them are nothing but a prologue and epilogue. Such
an attitude, unconscious though it be, of course kills his interest in
the odd sixteen hours, with the result that, even if he does not waste
them, he does not count them; he regards them simply as margin.
This general attitude is utterly illogical and unhealthy, since it
formally gives the central prominence to a patch of time and a bunch of
activities which the man's one idea is to "get through" and have "done
with." If a man makes two-thirds of his existence subservient to
one-third, for which admittedly he has no absolutely feverish zest, how
can he hope to live fully and completely? He cannot.
If my typical man wishes to live fully and completely he must, in his
mind, arrange a day within a day. And this inner day, a Chinese box in
a larger Chinese box, must begin at 6 p.m. and end at 10 a.m. It is a
day of sixteen hours; and during all these sixteen hours he has nothing
whatever to do but cultivate his body and his soul and his fellow men.
During those sixteen hours he is free; he is not a wage-earner; he is
not preoccupied with monetary cares; he is just as good as a man with a
private income. This must be his attitude. And his attitude is all
important. His success in life (much more important than the amount of
estate upon what his executors will have to pay estate duty) depends on
it.
What? You say that full energy given to those sixteen hours will
lessen the value of the business eight? Not so. On the contrary, it
will assuredly increase the value of the business eight. One of the
chief things which my typical man has to learn is that the mental
faculties are capable of a continuous hard activity; they do not tire
like an arm or a leg. All they want is change--not rest, except in
sleep.
I shall now examine the typical man's current method of employing the
sixteen hours that are entirely his, beginning with his uprising. I
will merely indicate things which he does and which I think he ought
not to do, postponing my suggestions for "planting" the times which I
shall have cleared--as a settler clears spaces in a forest.
In justice to him I must say that he wastes very little time before he
leaves the house in the morning at 9.10. In too many houses he gets up
at nine, breakfasts between 9.7 and 9.9 1/2, and then bolts. But
immediately he bangs the front door his mental faculties, which are
tireless, become idle. He walks to the station in a condition of
mental coma. Arrived there, he usually has to wait for the train. On
hundreds of suburban stations every morning you see men calmly
strolling up and down platforms while railway companies unblushingly
rob them of time, which is more than money. Hundreds of thousands of
hours are thus lost every day simply because my typical man thinks so
little of time that it has never occurred to him to take quite easy
precautions against the risk of its loss.
He has a solid coin of time to spend every day--call it a sovereign. He
must get change for it, and in getting change he is content to lose
heavily.
Supposing that in selling him a ticket the company said, "We will
change you a sovereign, but we shall charge you three halfpence for
doing so," what would my typical man exclaim? Yet that is the
equivalent of what the company does when it robs him of five minutes
twice a day.
You say I am dealing with minutiae. I am. And later on I will justify
myself.
Now will you kindly buy your paper and step into the train?
V