ALPHABET.

·- -··· ·· · -·· · ·-· --· ···· ·· -·-· -·-

A B C D E F G H I J K

—— -- -· · · ····· ··-· · ·· ··· - ··- ···-

L M N O P Q R S T U V

·-- ·-·· ·· ·· ··· · · ··· ·--· ··-·· ···-· ····-

W X Y Z & 1 2 3 4

--- ······ --·· -···· -··- ———

5 6 7 8 9 0

Suppose the following sentence is to be transmitted from Washington to

Baltimore:

- ···· · ·- -- · · ·· ·· ·· · ·- -· · —— · ·· ·

T h e A m e r i c a n E l e c

- · ·· · · -- ·- --· -· · - ·· ·· · - · —— · --·

t r o M a g n e t i c T e l e g

· ·· ·- ····· ···· ·· -· ···- · -· - · -·· -··· ·· ··

r a p h i n v e n t e d b y

····· · ·· · · ·-· · ··· ··· · · · ·· ··· ·-· -··· -- · ·

P r o f e s s o r S F B M o

· ·· ··· · · · ·-· -· · ·-- ·· ·· · · · ·· -·-

r s e o f N e w Y o r k

· · -· -··· · · ·- · ·· -·· · · ·-· - ···· ·

o n b o a r d o f t h e

····· ·- ·· · -·- · - ··· ···· ·· ····· ··· ··- ——

p a c k e t s h i p S u l

—— ·· ·· ·· · ·- ····· - ····· · —— —— · · -·

l y C a p t P e l l o n

···· · · ·· ····· ·- ··· ··· ·- --· · ·-· · ·· · · --

h e r p a s s a g e f r o m

···· ·- ···- · ·· · - · · -· · ·-- ·· ·· · · · ··

H a v r e t o N e w Y o r

-·- · · ·· · - · · -··· · · ·· ·--· -···· ···-· ··-··

k O c t o b e r 1 8 3 2

It is evident, as the attendant at Baltimore has no agency in the

transmission of this message from Washington, his presence, even, is

not absolutely required in the telegraph room at Baltimore, nor is

it necessary, previously, to ask the question, _are you there_? The

operator at Washington transmits it to Baltimore, whether the attendant

is there or not, and the telegraphic characters are distinctly recorded

upon the paper of the Baltimore-register. If he omits a letter at the

key, in Washington, it is omitted on the paper in Baltimore. If he has

added at the key in Washington, it is also upon the paper in Baltimore,

nothing more or less is marked upon it.

_Specimen of the Telegraphic Language._

·· -· - ···· · ·· ·· · ·- · ·· ·--· -···· ···-·

··-·· · · -· -- ·· ·· ···- · · ·· ·· ·- --· · ····

· · -- ·· ·-· · ·· · · -- · ··- · ·· · · ····· · -

···· · · —— · ·· · - · ·· ·· ·· · ·- —— · ·-··

····· · · ·· ·· -- · -· - · · ·-· ·-· · ·· ·- -· -·-

—— ·· -· ··- ····· · · -· ·- ·-- ·· · ·· · ···

· · -- · ····- -- ·· —— · ··· ·· -· —— · -· --·

- ···· ·-- ·- ··· ·· · ·- ··· ··- ·- —— —— ·· ··

· ·· · ·· · ·- —— —— · -·· - · · -- ·· ·· -- ·

-· -·· ·· -· ·- ·· · · · -· ···- · · ·· ··· ·- -

·· · · -· ·-- ·· - ···· ·--· · · ·-· - ···· ·

····· ·- ··· ··· · -· --· · · ·· ··· ·· -· ·-- ····

·· ·· · ···· · ·-·· ····· · · ·· ·· -- · -· - ·· -

·-- ·- ··· ·- ··· ·· · · · ·· - ·- ·· -· · -·· -

···· ·- - - ···· · · —— · ·· · - · ·· ·· ·· · ··

- ·· ·· - · ·· ·- ···- · —— —— · -·· - ···· · ··

· · ··- --· ···· - ···· · ·-- ···· · · —— · ·· ·

·· · ·· ·· · ··- ·· - ·· -· ·- - ·· -- · -·

· · - ·- ····· ····· · ·· · ·· · ·· ·- -··· —— · -···

··- - ·- ····· ····· ·- · ·· · -· - —— ·· ·· ·· -·

··· - ·- -· - ·- -· · · · ··- ··· ·· - ·· -- -- ·

-·· ·· ·- - · —— ·· ·· · · ·· · ·· · ··- · ·· · ·· ·

-·· - · · -- · - ···· ·- - ·· ·-· - ···· ·

····· · ·· · ··· · -· ·· · · · · ·-· · —— · ·· · -

· ·· ·· ·· · ·· - ·· ·· ·· · · · ··- —— -·· -··· ·

-- ·- -·· · ···- ·· ··· ·· -··· —— · ·· -· ·- -·

·· ·· -·· · ··· ·· · ·· · -·· ····· ·- · ·· - · ·

·-· - ···· ·· ··· ·· · ·· · ·· ·· · ··- ·· - ·· -

·-- · · ··- —— -·· -· · · - -··· · -·· ·· ·-· ·-·

·· ·· · ··- —— - - · · ·· · · · -· ··· - · ·· ··-

·· · - ·- ··· ·· ·· ··· - · -- · · ·-· ··· ··

--· -· ··· -··· ·· ·· ·-- ···· ·· ·· · ···· ·· -·

- · —— —— ·· --· · -· ·· · · ·· · · · ··- —— -··

-··· · ·· -· ··· - ·- -· - ·- -· · · · ··- ··· ——

·· ·· - · ·· ·- -· ··· -- ·· - - · -·· - ···· ·

- ···· · · ··- --· ···· - - ···· ··- ··· ·· · · · -·

·· · · ·· ···- · -·· - · · · · -·- ··· - · ·· · ·

-· --· ···· · · —— -·· · · ·-· -- ·· ·· -- ··

-· -·· ·· -· - ···· · —— · ·· ··· ··- · ··· ·--

···· ·· ·· · ···· - ···· · ···- · · ·· ·· ·- --· ·

·- ·-· ·-· · · · ·· -·· · -·· · ··· ·· ····· ——

·- -· -· · -·· ·- ··· ·· ·· ··· - · -- · · ·-·

··· ·· --· -· ··· · ··· ·- -· ·- ····· ····· ·- · ··

·- - ··- ··· - · · ·· · ·- · ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· - ··

-· - · · · ·-· ·-· · ·· · - ·· ·· · ·- ··· - ·-

··· ····· · ·· · ·· · ··· · · ·-· - ·· ·· ····· ·

·-- ···· ·· ·· · ···· ·· ···· ·- -·· -·· · ···- ··

··· · -·· ·-· · · · ·· - ···· ·· ··· ····· ··-

· ·· ····· · · ··· · - ···· · ·-· ·· · ·· ··· -

·-- · · -·- ·- ·-· - · · ·· -- ·· ·· ·- · ·· · ··

·· ···- ·- —— ···· · · -- · · ··· ·- —— - ····

· · ··- --· ···· - ···· · · ·· · ··· - · · ·-· -

···· · -- ·- ·· · ···· ·· -· · · ·· ·· ·· ·-- ·- ···

····· —— ·- -· -· · -·· ·· ·· · - ·-· · ·· · · --

- ···· · ····· · ·· · ··· ··· ··- · ·· · · · ·-· ··-

-· ·- ···- · · ·· -·· ·- -··· —— · -·· ··- - ·· ·

··· ·· ·-- ·- ··· ·· · · · -- ····· · —— —— ·

-·· - · · ····· · · ··· - ····· · · -· · -- ·· ··

· ·-·· ····· · · ·· ·· -- · -· - ··· · ··· ·-- ·-

··· -· · · - ·- -··· —— · - · · - · ··· - -

···· · ·-- ···· · · —— · ····· —— ·- -· ··- -·

- ·· —— ·-- ·· - ···· ·· -· ·- ·-· · ·-- ·-- · ·

-·- ···

··· ·-· -··· -- · · · ·· ··· ·

From the peculiarity of the motion obtained at the pen lever by the

action of the battery upon the electro magnet, it is evident that a

few elements only are presented upon which to base the telegraphic

characters. The motion of the lever, to which is attached the steel pen

points, is vibratory; but capable of being so controlled as to cause

it to retain either of its positions (that is, up or down) as long,

and at such intervals, and in as quick succession as the operator may

choose. Therefore, every sort of combination which dots, lines and

spaces, in any succession, and of any length can make, are here as much

at the pleasure of the telegraphic manipulator, as the English alphabet

is with the letter writer. So that if from this countless variety,

twenty-six of the most simple, to represent letters, and ten to

represent the numerals, shall be taken, we come at once into possession

of the means of representing words and sentences, by new, but

intelligible characters, and through them, can be conveyed as clearly,

and as concisely, as if they were given viva voce, or written in

Roman characters. Such is the alphabet given above. This conventional

alphabet was originated on board the packet Sully, by Prof. Morse, the

very first elements of the invention, and arose from the necessity of

the case; the motion produced by the magnet being limited to a single

action.

During the period of thirteen years, many plans have been devised by

the inventor to bring the telegraphic alphabet to its simplest form.

The plan of using the common letters of the alphabet, twenty-six in

number, with twenty-six wires, one wire to each letter, has received

its due share of his time and thought. Other modes of using the common

letters of the alphabet, with a single wire, has also been under his

consideration. Plans of using two, three, four, five and six wires to

one registering machine, have, in their turn, received proportionate

study and deliberation. But these, and many other plans, after much

care and many experiments, have been discarded; he being satisfied that

they do not possess that essential element, _simplicity_, which belongs

to his original first thought, and the one which he has adopted. A

detailed account of these various plans with fewer or more wires, might

be given here, but it will suffice merely to present the alphabet

adapted to a register, using 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 wires, with a separate

pen to each wire capable of working together, or in any succession. It

is obvious that every additional pen will give an additional element to

increase the combination, and were there any real advantage in such an

arrangement it would have been adopted long since.

No. 1.

_Alphabet for two pens, operating together or in succession._

· · · · ·· ·· · · ·· -- -- · · -- --

· · · · · · ·· ·· ·· -- -- -- -- · ·

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q

-- ·· --· ·-- --· ·-- · · --· ·-- · ·

·· -- --· ·-- · · ·-- --· · · --· ·--

R S T U V W X Y Z & 1 2 3 4

·-- --· --· ·-- -- --

·-- --· -- -- --· ·--

5 6 7 8 9 0

No. 2.

_Alphabet for three pens, operating together or in succession._

· · · · ·· ·· ·· · · ·

· · · · ·· · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · ··

· · · · ·· · · ·· ·· ·

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S

· ·· ·· ·· ·· · · · · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·

·· ·· ·· · · · · · · ·· ·· ··

· ·· ·· · ·· ·· ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · ··

T U V W X Y Z & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

·

··

··

0

No. 3.

_Alphabet for four pens, operating together or in succession._

· · · · · · · · ·· ··

· · · · · · · · · ·· ··

· · · · · · · · · ·· ·· ·

· · · · · · · · · · ·

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U

·· · · ·· ·· ··

· ·· · · ·· ·· ·· ·· ··

·· · · ·· ·· ·· ·· ··

·· ·· ·· ·· ··

V W X Y Z & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

No. 4.

_Alphabet for five pens, operating together or in succession._

· · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · ·

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U

· · · · · · · ··

· · · · · ··

· · · · · ·· ·

· · · · · ·· · ··

· · · · · · · ·· ··

V W X Y Z & 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

No. 5.

_Alphabet for six pens, operating together or in succession._

· · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · · ·

· · · · · · · · · ·

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

· · · · · · ·

· · · · ·

· · · ·

· · · · ·

· · · ·

· · · · · ·

& 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph With the Reports of Congress, and a Description of All Telegraphs Known, Employing Electricity or Galvanism · 第 9 / 24 题