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EVOLUTION, OLD AND NEW. Op. 4.
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UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY. Op. 5.
A Comparison between the theory of Dr. Ewald Hering, Professor of
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Unconscious" of Dr. Edward Von Hartmann, with translations from both
these authors, and preliminary chapters bearing on "Life and Habit,"
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ALPS AND SANCTUARIES OF PIEDMONT AND THE CANTON TICINO. Op. 6.
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Footnotes:
{iii} See page 234 of this book.
{1} The first edition of Erewhon was published in the spring of 1872.
{47} The myth above alluded to exists in Erewhon with changed names and
considerable modifications. I have taken the liberty of referring to the
story as familiar to ourselves.
{48} The first edition of the Fair Haven was published April 1873.
{68} The first edition of Life and Habit was published in December,
1877.
{96} See page 228 of this book, "Remarks on Mr. Romanes' 'Mental
Evolution in Animals.'"
{119} Kegan Paul, 1875.
{125} It is now (January 1884) more than six years since Life and Habit
was published, but I have come across nothing which makes me wish to
alter it to any material extent.
{127} It must be remembered that the late Mr. C. Darwin expressly denied
that instinct and inherited habit are generally to be connected.--See Mr.
Darwin's "Origin of Species," end of chapter viii., where he expresses
his surprise that no one has hitherto adduced the instincts of neuter
insects "against the well-known doctrine of inherited habit as advanced
by Lamarck."
Mr. Romanes, in his "Mental Evolution in Animals" (November, 1883),
refers to this passage of Mr. Darwin's, and endorses it with approbation
(p. 297).
{131} Evolution, Old and New, was published in May, 1879.
{134a} Quatrefages, "Metamorphoses de l'Homme et des Animaux," 1862, p.
42; G. H. Lewes, "Physical Basis of Mind," 1877, p. 83.
{134b} I have been unable, through want of space, to give this chapter
here.
{141} Page 210, first edition.
{144} 1878.
{148} "Nat. Theol." ch. xxiii.
{153a} 1878.
{153b} "Oiseaux," vol. i. p. 5.
{162} "Discours de Reception a l'Academie Francaise."
{163} I Cor. xiii. 8, 13.
{164a} Tom. i. p. 24, 1749.
{164b} Tom. i. p. 40, 1749.
{165} Vol. i. p. 34, 1749.
{166a} Tom. i. p. 36.
{166b} See p. 173.
{166c} Tom. i. p. 33.
{168} The Naturalist's Library, vol. ii. p. 23. Edinburgh, 1843.
{174} Tom. iv. p. 381, 1753.
{176} Tom. iv. p. 383, 1753 (this was the first volume on the lower
animals).
{177a} Tom xiii. p. 1765.
{177b} Sup. tom. v. p. 27, 1778.
{180} Tom. i. p. 28, 1749.
{181a} Unconscious Memory was published December, 1880.
{181b} See Unconscious Memory, chap. vi.
{181c} The Spirit of Nature, p. 39. J. A. Churchill & Co. 1880.
{184} I have put these words into the mouth of my supposed objector, and
shall put others like them, because they are characteristic; but nothing
can become so well known as to escape being an inference.
{189} Erewhon, chap, xxiii.
{198a} It must be remembered that this passage is put as if in the mouth
of an objector.
{198b} Mr. Herbert Spencer denies that there can be memory without a
"tolerably deliberate succession of psychical states." {198c} So that
practically he denies that there can be any such thing as "unconscious
memory." Nevertheless a few pages later on he says that "conscious
memory passes into unconscious or organic memory." {198d} It is plain,
therefore, that he could after all find no expression better suited for
his purpose.
Mr. Romanes is, I think, right in setting aside Mr. Spencer's limitation
of memory to conscious memory. He writes, "Because I have so often seen
the sun shine that my memory of it as shining has become automatic, I see
no reason why my memory of this fact, simply on account of its
perfection, should be called no memory." {198e}
{198c} Principles of Psychology, I., 447.
{198d} Ibid, p. 452.
{198e} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 130
{217} Nineteenth Century, Nov. 1878, p. 826.
{218} Encyclopedia Britannica, Art. Biology, 9th ed., Vol. 3, p. 689.
{220a} Professor Huxley, Encycl. Brit., 9th ed., Art. Evolution, p. 750.
{220b} "Hume," by Professor Huxley, p. 45.
{220c} "The Philosophy of Crayfishes," by the Right Rev. the Lord Bishop
of Carlisle. Nineteenth Century for October 1880, p. 636.
{221} Les Amours des Plantes, p. 360. Paris, 1800.
{222a} Philosophie Zoologique, tom. i. p. 231. Ed. M. Martin. Paris,
1873.
{222b} Those who read the three following chapters will see that these
words, written in 1880, have come out near the truth in 1884.
{223a} Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society. Williams &
Norgate. 1858, p. 61.
{223b} Contributions to the Theory of Natural Selection, 2d ed., 1871,
p. 41.
{223c} Origin of Species, p. I, ed. 1872.
{223d} Origin of Species, 6th ed., p. 206. I ought in fairness to Mr
Darwin to say that he does not hold the error to be quite as serious as
he once did. It is now "a serious error" only; in 1859 it was "most
serious error."--_Origin of Species_, 1st ed., p. 209.
{224} Origin of Species, 1st ed., p. 242; 6th ed., p. 233.
{225a} I never could find what these particular points were.
{225b} Isidore Geoffrey, Hist. Nat. Gen., tom. ii. p. 407, 1859.
{225c} M. Martin's edition of the Philosophie Zoologique (Paris, 1873),
Introduction, p. vi.
{225d} Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., p. 750.
{228a} Kegan Paul & Co., 1883.
{228b} Principles of Psychology, Vol. I. p. 445.
{228c} Ibid. I. 456.
{228d} Problems of Life and Mind, first series, Vol. I., 3rd ed. 1874,
p. 141, and Problem I. 21.
{228e} p. 33.
{228f} p. 77.
{228g} p. 115.
{229} Translation of Professor Hering's address on "Memory as an
Organised Function of Matter," Unconscious Memory, p. 116.
{230} See Zoonomia, Vol. I. p. 484.
{231a} Problems of Life and Mind, I. pp. 239, 240: 1874.
{231b} Kegan Paul. November, 1883.
{232a} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 113.
{232b} Ibid. p. 115.
{232c} Ibid. p. 116. Kegan Paul. Nov. 1883.
{233a} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 131. Kegan Paul. Nov. 1883.
{233b} Vol. I., 3rd ed. 1874, p. 141, and Problem I. 21.
{233c} Mental Evolution in Animals, pp. 177, 178. Nov. 1883.
{234a} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 193.
{234b} Ibid, p. 195.
{234c} Ibid, p. 296. Nov. 1883.
{234d} Ibid. p. 192. Nov. 1883.
{235} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 296. Nov. 1883.
{236a} See page 228.
{236b} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 33. Nov. 1883.
{236c} Ibid, p. 116.
{236d} Ibid. p. 178.
{239} Evolution, Old and New, pp. 357, 358.
{240} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 159. Kegan Paul & Co., 1883.
{241} Zoonomia, Vol. I. p. 484.
{242a} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 297. Kegan Paul & Co., 1883.
{242b} Ibid. p. 201.
{243a} Mental Evolution in Animals, p. 301. November, 1883.
{243b} Origin of Species, Ed. I. p. 209.
{243c} Ibid, Ed. VI. 1876, p. 206.
{243d} Formation of Vegetable Mould, &c., p. 98.
{244a} Quoted by Mr. Romanes as written in the last year of Mr. Darwin's
life.
{244b} Macmillan, 1883.
{247} Nature, Jan. 27, 1881.
{248a} Nature, Jan. 27, 1881.
{248b} Ibid., Feb. 3, 1881.
{249} Nature, Jan. 27, 1881.
{250} Mind, October, 1883.
{252a} _Mind_ for October 1883, p. 498.
{252b} Ibid, p. 505, October 1883.
{254a} Principles of Psychology, I. 422.
{254b} Ibid. I. 424.
{254c} Ibid. I. 424.
{255} The first edition of Alps and Sanctuaries was published Dec. 1882.
{265} Princ. of Psych., ed. 3, Vol. I., p. 136, 1880.
{269} Curiosities of Literature, Lond. 1866, Routledge & Co., p. 272.
{275} See p. 87 of this vol.
{276} Ivanhoe, chap xxiii., near the beginning.
{287} "Well, my dear sir, I am sorry you do not think as I do, but in
these days we cannot all of us start with the same principles."
{294} For these I must refer the reader to Alps and Sanctuaries itself.
{311} "Dalle meraviglie finalmente che sono inerenti al simulacro
stesso."--Cenni storico artistici intorno al santuario di Oropa. (Prof.
Maurizio, Marocco. Turin, Milan, 1866, p. 329.)
{313} Marocco, p. 331.